Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4122
Then the year 345 AH began
ذِكْرُ عِصْيَانِ رُوزْبَهَانَ عَلَى مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَرَجَ رُوزْبَهَانُ ( بْنُ ) وَنْدَادَ خُرْشِيدَ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ عَلَى مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ، وَعَصَى عَلَيْهِ، وَخَرَجَ أَخُوهُ بَلَكَا بِشِيرَازَ، وَخَرَجَ أَخُوهُمَا أَسْفَارٌ بِالْأَهْوَازِ، وَلَحِقَ رُوزْبَهَانُ إِلَى الْأَهْوَازِ، وَكَانَ يُقَاتِلُ عِمْرَانَ بِالْبَطِيحَةِ، فَعَادَ إِلَى وَاسِطَ وَسَارَ إِلَى الْأَهْوَازِ فِي رَجَبٍ، وَبِهَا الْوَزِيرُ الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ، فَأَرَادَ مُحَارَبَةَ رُوزْبَهَانَ، فَاسْتَأْمَنَ رِجَالُهُ إِلَى رُوزْبَهَانَ، فَانْحَازَ الْمُهَلَّبِيُّ عَنْهُ. وَوَرَدَ الْخَبَرُ بِذَلِكَ إِلَى مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ فَلَمْ يُصَدِّقْهُ لِإِحْسَانِهِ إِلَيْهِ، لِأَنَّهُ رَفَعَهُ بَعْدَ الضِّعَةِ، وَنَوَّهَ بِذِكْرِهِ بَعْدَ الْخُمُولِ، فَتَجَهَّزَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ إِلَى مُحَارَبَتِهِ، وَمَالَ الدَّيْلَمُ بِأَسْرِهِمْ إِلَى رُوزْبَهَانَ، وَلَقُوا مُعِزَّ الدَّوْلَةِ بِمَا يَكْرَهُ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا عَلَيْهِ وَتَتَابَعُوا عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ إِلَى رُوزْبَهَانَ، وَسَارَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ عَنْ بَغْدَاذَ خَامِسَ شَعْبَانَ، وَخَرَجَ الْخَلِيفَةُ الْمُطِيعُ لِلَّهِ مُنْحَدِرًا إِلَى مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ ; لِأَنَّ نَاصِرَ الدَّوْلَةِ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ، سَيَّرَ الْعَسَاكِرَ مِنَ الْمَوْصِلِ مَعَ وَلَدِهِ أَبِي الْمُرَجَّى جَابِرٍ لِقَصْدِ بَغْدَاذَ وَالِاسْتِيلَاءِ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْخَلِيفَةَ، انْحَدَرَ مِنْ بَغْدَاذَ، فَأَعَادَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ الْحَاجِبَ سُبُكْتِكِينَ وَغَيْرَهُ مِمَّنْ يَثِقُ بِهِمْ مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَشَغَبَ الدَّيْلَمُ الَّذِينَ بِبَغْدَادَ، فَوُعِدُوا بِأَرْزَاقِهِمْ فَسَكَنُوا وَهُمْ عَلَى قُنُوطٍ مِنْ مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ. ( وَأَمَّا مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ ) فَإِنَّهُ سَارَ إِلَى أَنْ بَلَغَ قَنْطَرَةَ أَرْبُقَ، فَنَزَلَ هُنَاكَ وَجَعَلَ عَلَى الطُّرُقِ مَنْ يَحْفَظُ أَصْحَابَ الدَّيْلَمِ مِنَ الِاسْتِئْمَانِ إِلَى رُوزْبَهَانَ، لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَأْخُذُونَ الْعَطَاءَ مِنْهُ ثُمَّ يَهْرُبُونَ عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ اعْتِمَادُ مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ الْأَتْرَاكِ وَمَمَالِيكِهِ وَنَفَرٍ يَسِيرٍ مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ سَلْخُ رَمَضَانَ، أَرَادَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ الْعُبُورَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الَّذِينَ يَثِقُ بِهِمْ إِلَى مُحَارَبَةِ رُوزْبَهَانَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ الدَّيْلَمُ وَقَالُوا لِمُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ: إِنْ كُنَّا رِجَالَكَ، فَأَخْرِجْنَا مَعَكَ نُقَاتِلْ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا صَبْرَ لَنَا عَلَى الْقُعُودِ مَعَ الصِّبْيَانِ وَالْغِلْمَانِ، فَإِنْ ظَفِرْتَ كَانَ الِاسْمُ لِهَؤُلَاءِ دُونَنَا، وَإِنْ ظَفِرَ عَدُوُّكَ لَحِقَنَا الْعَارُ، وَإِنَّمَا قَالُوا هَذَا الْكَلَامَ خَدِيعَةً لِيُمَكِّنَهُمْ مِنَ الْعُبُورِ مَعَهُ فَيَتَمَكَّنُوا ( مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ قَوْلَهُمْ ) سَأَلَهُمُ التَّوَقُّفَ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا أُرِيدُ [ أَنْ ] أَذُوقَ حَرْبَهُمْ ثُمَّ أَعُودُ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْغَدُ لَقِينَاهُمْ بِأَجْمَعِنَا وَنَاجَزْنَاهُمْ، وَكَانَ يُكْثِرُ لَهُمُ الْعَطَاءَ فَأَمْسَكُوا عَنْهُ. وَعَبَرَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ، وَعَبَّأَ أَصْحَابَهُ كَرَادِيسَ تَتَنَاوَبُ الْحَمَلَاتِ، فَمَا زَالُوا كَذَلِكَ إِلَى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ، فَفَنِيَ نُشَّابُ الْأَتْرَاكِ وَتَعِبُوا، وَشَكَوْا إِلَى مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ مَا أَصَابَهُمْ مِنَ التَّعَبِ، وَقَالُوا: نَسْتَرِيحُ اللَّيْلَةَ وَنَعُودُ غَدًا، فَعَلِمَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ أَنَّهُ إِنْ رَجَعَ، زَحَفَ إِلَيْهِ رُوزْبَهَانُ وَالدَّيْلَمُ، وَثَارَ مَعَهُمْ أَصْحَابُهُ الدَّيْلَمُ، فَيَهْلَكُ وَلَا يُمْكِنُهُ الْهَرَبُ، فَبَكَى بَيْنَ يَدَيْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَكَانَ سَرِيعَ الدَّمْعَةِ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُمْ أَنْ تُجْمَعَ الْكَرَادِيسُ كُلُّهَا وَيَحْمِلُوا حَمْلَةً وَاحِدَةً، ( وَهُوَ فِي أَوَّلِهِمْ )، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَظْفَرُوا، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يُقْتَلَ ( أَوَّلَ مَنْ يُقْتَلُ )، فَطَالَبُوهُ بِالنُّشَّابِ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ بَقِيَ مَعَ صِغَارِ الْغِلْمَانِ نُشَّابٌ، فَخُذُوهُ وَاقْسِمُوهُ. وَكَانَ جَمَاعَةٌ صَالِحَةٌ مِنَ الْغِلْمَانِ الْأَصَاغِرِ تَحْتَهُمُ الْخَيْلُ الْجِيَادُ، وَعَلَيْهِمُ اللُّبْسُ الْجَيِّدُ، وَكَانُوا سَأَلُوا مُعِزَّ الدَّوْلَةِ أَنْ يَأْذَنَ لَهُمْ فِي الْحَرْبِ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ، وَقَالَ: إِذَا جَاءَ وَقْتٌ يَصْلُحُ لَكُمْ أَذِنْتُ لَكُمْ فِي الْقِتَالِ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ مَنْ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُمُ النُّشَّابَ، وَأَوْمَأَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ إِلَيْهِمْ بِيَدِهِ أَنِ اقْبَلُوا مِنْهُ وَسَلِّمُوا إِلَيْهِ النُّشَّابَ، فَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْحَمْلَةِ، فَحَمَلُوا وَهُمْ مُسْتَرِيحُونَ، فَصَدَمُوا صُفُوفَ رُوزْبَهَانَ فَخَرَقُوهَا، وَأَلْقَوْا بَعْضَهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ، فَصَارُوا خَلْفَهُمْ، وَحَمَلَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ فَيْمَنْ مَعَهُ بِاللَّتُوتِ، فَكَانَتِ الْهَزِيمَةُ عَلَى رُوزْبَهَانَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، وَأُخِذَ رُوزْبَهَانُ أَسِيرًا وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَكَتَبَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ ( بِذَلِكَ، فَلَمْ يُصَدِّقِ النَّاسُ ) لِمَا عَلِمُوا مِنْ قُوَّةِ رُوزْبَهَانَ وَضَعْفِ مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ، وَعَادَ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ وَمَعَهُ رُوزْبَهَانُ لِيَرَاهُ النَّاسُ، وَسَيَّرَ سُبُكْتِكِينَ إِلَى أَبِي الْمُرَجَّى بْنِ نَاصِرِ الدَّوْلَةِ، وَكَانَ بِعُكْبَرَا، فَلَمْ يَلْحَقْهُ لِأَنَّهُ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ، عَادَ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، وَسَجَنَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ رُوزْبَهَانَ، فَبَلَغَهُ أَنَّ الدَّيْلَمَ قَدْ عَزَمُوا عَلَى إِخْرَاجِهِ قَهْرًا وَالْمُبَايَعَةِ لَهُ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ لَيْلًا وَغَرَّقَهُ. وَأَمَّا أَخُو رُوزْبَهَانَ الَّذِي خَرَجَ بِشِيرَازَ، فَإِنَّ الْأُسْتَاذَ أَبَا الْفَضْلِ بْنَ الْعَمِيدِ سَارَ إِلَيْهِ فِي الْجُيُوشِ، فَقَاتَلَهُ فَظَفِرَ بِهِ، وَأَعَادَ عَضُدَ الدَّوْلَةِ ( بْنَ رُكْنِ الدَّوْلَةِ ) إِلَى مُلْكِهِ، وَانْطَوَى خَبَرُ رُوزْبَهَانَ وَإِخْوَتِهِ، وَكَانَ قَدِ اشْتَعَلَ اشْتِعَالَ النَّارِ. وَقَبَضَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ عَلَى جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ، وَتَرَكَ مَنْ سِوَاهُمْ، وَاصْطَنَعَ الْأَتْرَاكَ وَقَدَّمَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِتَوْبِيخِ الدَّيْلَمِ وَالِاسْتِطَالَةِ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ أَطْلَقَ لِلْأَتْرَاكِ إِطْلَاقَاتٍ زَائِدَةً عَلَى وَاسِطَ ( وَالْبَصْرَةِ )، فَسَارُوا لِقَبْضِهَا مُدِلِّينَ بِمَا صَنَعُوا، فَأَخْرَبُوا الْبِلَادَ وَنَهَبُوا الْأَمْوَالَ، وَصَارَ ضَرَرُهُمْ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ نَفْعِهِمْ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the rebellion of Rūzbahān against Muʿizz al-Dawlah In this year Rūzbahān b. Wandād Khurshīd al-Daylamī rebelled against Muʿizz al-Dawlah and disobeyed him. His brother Balakā went out in Shīrāz, and their brother Asfār went out in al-Ahwāz. Rūzbahān joined al-Ahwāz. He had been fighting ʿImrān in al-Baṭīḥah, and he returned to Wāsiṭ and marched to al-Ahwāz in Rajab. The vizier al-Muhallabī was there, and he wanted to fight Rūzbahān, but his men sought safe-conduct from Rūzbahān, so al-Muhallabī withdrew from him. The news of that reached Muʿizz al-Dawlah, but he did not believe it because of his kindness to him, for he had raised him after lowliness and made his name known after obscurity. So Muʿizz al-Dawlah prepared to fight him. The Daylamites all inclined to Rūzbahān and met Muʿizz al-Dawlah with what he disliked. They disagreed with him and followed one another in going to Rūzbahān. Muʿizz al-Dawlah marched from Baghdād on the fifth of Shaʿbān. The caliph al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh went out descending to Muʿizz al-Dawlah, because when the news reached Nāṣir al-Dawlah, he sent armies from al-Mawṣil with his son Abū al-Murajjā Jābir to aim for Baghdād and seize it. When that reached the caliph, he descended from Baghdād. Muʿizz al-Dawlah sent back the chamberlain Subuktigīn and others whom he trusted from his army to Baghdād. The Daylamites who were in Baghdād rioted, but they were promised their stipends, so they became quiet, though they despaired of Muʿizz al-Dawlah. As for Muʿizz al-Dawlah, he marched until he reached the Qanṭarat Arbuq bridge, and he camped there. He placed men on the roads to prevent the Daylamite companions from seeking safe-conduct to Rūzbahān, because they would take pay from him and then flee from him. Muʿizz al-Dawlah relied on his Turkish followers, his mamlūks, and a small band of Daylamites. When it was the end of Ramaḍān, Muʿizz al-Dawlah wanted to cross over, he and the followers he trusted, to fight Rūzbahān. The Daylamites gathered and said to Muʿizz al-Dawlah: "If we are your men, then bring us out with you to fight before you, for we cannot bear to sit with the boys and servants. If you are victorious, the name will be for these and not for us, and if your enemy is victorious, shame will befall us." They said this speech only as a trick to enable them to cross with him and seize him. When he heard their words, he asked them to wait and said: "I only want to taste their war and then return. Tomorrow we will meet them all together and fight them." He kept giving them much, so they held back from him. Muʿizz al-Dawlah crossed and arranged his followers into squadrons taking turns in charges. They remained thus until sunset. The Turks' arrows were exhausted and they became tired, and they complained to Muʿizz al-Dawlah about the fatigue that had befallen them, saying: "We will rest tonight and return tomorrow." Muʿizz al-Dawlah knew that if he returned, Rūzbahān and the Daylamites would advance against him, and his Daylamite followers would rise with them, and he would perish with no way to flee. He wept before his followers, for he was quick to tears. Then he asked them that all the squadrons be gathered and make one single charge, with him at their head, so that either they prevail or he is killed, the first to be killed. They demanded arrows from him, and he said: "There remain arrows with the young servants, so take them and distribute them." There was a good group of young servants under whom were excellent horses and upon whom was fine clothing. They had asked Muʿizz al-Dawlah to permit them to fight, but he did not do so, saying: "When a time comes that is right for you, I will permit you to fight." At that hour he sent someone to them to take the arrows from them, and Muʿizz al-Dawlah gestured to them with his hand, meaning "accept from him and hand over the arrows to him." But they thought he was ordering them to charge, so they charged while they were rested. They struck the ranks of Rūzbahān and tore through them, throwing some upon others, and ended up behind them. Muʿizz al-Dawlah charged with those with him using the latt (a type of weapon). The rout fell upon Rūzbahān and his followers. Rūzbahān was taken captive along with a group of his commanders, and many of his followers were killed. Muʿizz al-Dawlah wrote about that, but people did not believe it because they knew of Rūzbahān's strength and Muʿizz al-Dawlah's weakness. He returned to Baghdād with Rūzbahān so that the people might see him. He sent Subuktigīn against Abū al-Murajjā b. Nāṣir al-Dawlah, who was at ʿUkbarā, but he did not catch him because when the news reached him, he returned to al-Mawṣil. Muʿizz al-Dawlah imprisoned Rūzbahān. When it reached him that the Daylamites had resolved to bring him out by force and pledge allegiance to him, he took him out at night and drowned him. As for Rūzbahān's brother who rebelled in Shīrāz, the ustādh Abū al-Faḍl b. al-ʿAmīd marched against him with armies and fought him and prevailed over him. He restored ʿAḍud al-Dawlah b. Rukn al-Dawlah to his kingdom. The affair of Rūzbahān and his brothers came to an end, though it had blazed like fire. Muʿizz al-Dawlah arrested a group of the Daylamites and left the rest. He favored the Turks, put them forward, and ordered them to rebuke the Daylamites and domineer over them. Then he gave the Turks extra grants over Wāsiṭ and al-Baṣrah, so they went to collect them, glorying in what they had done. They ruined the lands and plundered the wealth, and their harm became greater than their benefit.
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