Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4026
Then the year 334 AH began
ذِكْرُ خِلَافَةِ الْمُطِيعِ لِلَّهِ لَمَّا وَلِيَ الْمُسْتَكْفِي بِاللَّهِ الْخِلَافَةَ، خَافَهُ الْمُطِيعُ، وَهُوَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْمُقْتَدِرِ ; لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَازَعَةٌ، وَكَانَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا يَطْلُبُ الْخِلَافَةَ، وَهُوَ يَسْعَى فِيهَا، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ الْمُسْتَكْفِي ( خَافَهُ وَاسْتَتَرَ مِنْهُ، فَطَلَبَهُ الْمُسْتَكْفِي ) أَشَدَّ الطَّلَبِ، فَلَمْ يَظْفَرْ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ بَغْدَاذَ، قِيلَ: إِنَّ الْمُطِيعَ انْتَقَلَ إِلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَتَرَ عِنْدَهُ، وَأَغْرَاهُ بِالْمُسْتَكْفِي حَتَّى قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ وَسَمَلَهُ، فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ الْمُسْتَكْفِي، بُويِعَ لِلْمُطِيعِ لِلَّهِ بِالْخِلَافَةِ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسَ ثَانِي عَشَرَ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ، وَلُقِّبَ الْمُطِيعُ لِلَّهِ، وَأَحْضَرَ الْمُسْتَكْفِيَ عِنْدَهُ، فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالْخَلْعِ. وَازْدَادَ أَمْرُ الْخِلَافَةِ إِدْبَارًا، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُمْ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ الْبَتَّةَ، وَقَدْ كَانُوا يُرَاجَعُونَ وَيُؤْخَذُ أَمْرُهُمْ فِيمَا يُفْعَلُ، وَالْحُرْمَةُ قَائِمَةٌ بَعْضَ الشَّيْءِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ أَيَّامُ مُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ، زَالَ ذَلِكَ جَمِيعُهُ، بِحَيْثُ أَنَّ الْخَلِيفَةَ لَمْ يَبْقَ لَهُ وَزِيرٌ، إِنَّمَا كَانَ لَهُ كَاتِبٌ يُدَبِّرُ أَقْطَاعَهُ وَإِخْرَاجَاتِهِ لَا غَيْرَ، وَصَارَتِ الْوِزَارَةُ لِمُعِزِّ الدَّوْلَةِ يَسْتَوْزِرُ لِنَفْسِهِ مَنْ يُرِيدُ. وَكَانَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْأَسْبَابِ فِي ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الدَّيْلَمَ كَانُوا يَتَشَيَّعُونَ، وَيُغَالُونَ فِي التَّشَيُّعِ، وَيَعْتَقِدُونَ أَنَّ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ قَدْ غَصَبُوا الْخِلَافَةَ وَأَخَذُوهَا مِنْ مُسْتَحِقِّيهَا، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ ( عِنْدَهُمْ ) بَاعِثٌ دِينِيٌّ يَحُثُّهُمْ عَلَى الطَّاعَةِ، حَتَّى لَقَدْ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ مُعِزَّ الدَّوْلَةِ اسْتَشَارَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ خَوَاصِّ أَصْحَابِهِ فِي إِخْرَاجِ الْخِلَافَةِ مِنَ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ وَالْبَيْعَةِ لِلْمُعِزِّ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ الْعَلَوِيِّ، أَوْ لِغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ، فَكُلُّهُمْ أَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ مَا عَدَا بَعْضَ خَوَاصِّهِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَالَ: لَيْسَ هَذَا بِرَأْيٍ فَإِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ مَعَ خَلِيفَةٍ تَعْتَقِدُ أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْخِلَافَةِ، وَلَوْ أَمَرْتَهُمْ بِقَتْلِهِ لَقَتَلُوهُ ( مُسْتَحِلِّينَ دَمَهُ )، وَمَتَى أَجْلَسْتَ بَعْضَ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ خَلِيفَةً، كَانَ مَعَكَ مَنْ يَعْتَقِدُ أَنْتَ وَأَصْحَابُكَ صِحَّةَ خِلَافَتِهِ، فَلَوْ أَمَرَهُمْ بِقَتْلِكَ لَفَعَلُوهُ، فَأَعْرِضْ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، فَهَذَا كَانَ مِنْ أَعْظَمِ الْأَسْبَابِ فِي زَوَالِ أَمْرِهِمْ وَنَهْبِهِمْ مَعَ حُبِّ الدُّنْيَا وَطَلَبِ التَّفَرُّدِ بِهَا. وَتَسَلَّمَ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ الْعِرَاقَ بِأَسْرِهِ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ بِيَدِ الْخَلِيفَةِ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ الْبَتَّةَ، إِلَّا مَا أَقْطَعَهُ مُعِزُّ الدَّوْلَةِ مِمَّا يَقُومُ بِبَعْضِ حَاجَتِهِ. و الْمُطِيعِ لِلَّهِ أُمُّهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ يُقَالُ لَهَا: مُشْغِلَةُ أَدْرَكَتْ خِلَافَتَهُ، وَكَانَ لَهُ يَوْمَ بُويِعَ: ثَلَاثٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ سَنَةً، وَخَمْسَةُ أَشْهُرٍ، وَأَيَّامٌ، وَلَمَّا بُويِعَ أُحْضِرَ الْمُسْتَكْفِي فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، وَأَشْهَدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالْخَلْعِ، وَصُودِرَ خَوَاصُّ الْمُسْتَكْفِي فَأُخِذَ مِنْهُمْ أُلُوفٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَوَصَلَ الْمُطِيعُ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ فِي يَوْمٍ بِنَيِّفٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ عَلَى إِضَافَتِهِ، وَوَصَلَ خَادِمٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَذَكَرَ مَا يَلْحَقُ حُجْرَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ التَّفْرِيطِ، وَقَطَعَ مَوَادَّ الطِّيبِ وَغَيْرِهِ عَنْهَا، فَأَمَرَ لِلْخَادِمِ بِعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَتَقَدَّمَ بِحَمْلِ الطِّيبِ وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ خَمْسَةً مِنَ الْخَدَمِ لِيَكُونُوا فِي خِدْمَةِ الْحُجْرَةِ، وَنَفَذَ مَعَ أَبِي أَحْمَدَ الْمُوسَوِيِّ قِنْدِيلًا مِنْ ذَهَبٍ وَزْنُهُ سِتُّمِائَةِ مِثْقَالٍ، وَتِسْعَ قَنَادِيلَ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ لِيُعَلِّقَهَا فِي الْكَعْبَةِ. قَالَ أَبُو الْفَضْلِ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ التَّمِيمِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ الْمُطِيعَ لِلَّهِ يَقُولُ: وَقَدْ أَحْدَقَ بِهِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْحَنَابِلَةِ حَزَرُوا ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَتَقَرَّبَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ شَيْخِي ابْنَ بِنْتِ مَنِيعٍ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ حَنْبَلٍ يَقُولُ: إِذَا مَاتَ أَصْدِقَاءُ الرَّجُلِ ذَلَّ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the Caliphate of al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh When al-Mustakfī bi-llāh assumed the caliphate, al-Muṭīʿ feared him—he is Abū al-Qāsim al-Faḍl b. al-Muqtadir—because there was a dispute between them, and each of them sought the caliphate and strove for it. When al-Mustakfī assumed it, al-Muṭīʿ feared him and went into hiding from him, and al-Mustakfī sought him with the utmost search but did not find him. When Muʿizz al-Dawlah arrived in Baghdad, it is said that al-Muṭīʿ went over to him and concealed himself with him, and incited him against al-Mustakfī until he seized him and blinded him. When al-Mustakfī was seized, allegiance was sworn to al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh for the caliphate on Thursday, the twelfth of Jumādā al-Ākhirah, and he was given the title al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh. Al-Mustakfī was brought before him, and he greeted him with the title of caliphate, and testified against himself to abdication. The affair of the caliphate became even more diminished, and nothing whatever of authority remained to them. Previously they had been consulted and their command was heeded in what was done, and some respect remained. But in the days of Muʿizz al-Dawlah, all of that vanished, to the extent that the caliph no longer had a vizier; he only had a secretary who managed his fiefs and expenditures and nothing else. The vizierate became Muʿizz al-Dawlah's, who appointed for himself whomever he wished as vizier. One of the greatest reasons for that was that the Daylamites were Shīʿī, and went to extremes in Shīʿism, and believed that the Abbasids had usurped the caliphate and taken it from its rightful holders. So they had no religious motive urging them to obedience. It has even reached me that Muʿizz al-Dawlah consulted a group of his close associates about removing the caliphate from the Abbasids and swearing allegiance to al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh the ʿAlid, or to another of the ʿAlids. All of them advised him to do that, except one of his intimates, who said: "This is not sound judgment, for today you are with a caliph whom you and your companions believe is not of the people of the caliphate; if you ordered them to kill him, they would kill him, deeming his blood lawful. But if you seat one of the ʿAlids as caliph, you would have with you one whose caliphate you and your companions believe to be valid; if he ordered them to kill you, they would do it. So turn away from that." This was one of the greatest reasons for the disappearance of their affair and their plundering, along with love of this world and desire to monopolize it. Muʿizz al-Dawlah took over all of Iraq, and nothing whatever remained in the caliph's hand of it, except what Muʿizz al-Dawlah granted him as fief to meet some of his needs. Al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh His mother was an umm walad called Mushghilah, who lived to see his caliphate. On the day allegiance was sworn to him, he was thirty-three years, five months, and some days old. When allegiance was sworn to him, al-Mustakfī was brought forward and greeted him with the title of caliphate, and testified against himself to abdication. The close associates of al-Mustakfī were subjected to confiscation, and many thousands were taken from them. Al-Muṭīʿ gave gifts to the Abbasids and ʿAlids on one day of more than thirty thousand dinars in addition to his hospitality. A servant arrived from Madinah and mentioned the neglect that had befallen the chamber of the Messenger of God ﷺ and the cutting off of supplies of perfume and other things from it. The caliph ordered twenty thousand dirhams for the servant, and commanded that perfume be sent, and added five servants to be in service of the chamber. He sent with Abū Aḥmad al-Mūsawī a golden lamp weighing six hundred mithqals, and nine silver lamps to be hung in the Kaʿbah. Abū al-Faḍl ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Tamīmī said: I heard al-Muṭīʿ li-llāh say, when a great crowd of Ḥanbalites surrounded him, estimated at thirty thousand, and he wished to draw near to them: "I heard my shaykh Ibn Bint Manīʿ say: I heard Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal say: 'When a man's friends die, he is humbled.'"
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