Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4010
Then the year 333 AH began
ذِكْرُ مِلْكِ الْمَنْصُورِ مَدِينَةَ الْقَيْرَوَانِ وَانْهِزَامِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ لَمَّا بَلَغَ الْمَنْصُورَ الْخَبَرُ، سَارَ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ سُوسَةَ لِسَبْعٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ مِنَ السَّنَةِ، فَنَزَلَ خَارِجًا مِنْهَا، وَسُرَّ بِمَا فَعَلَهُ أَهْلُ الْقَيْرَوَانِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ كِتَابًا يُؤَمِّنُهُمْ فِيهِ ; لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ وَاجِدًا عَلَيْهِمْ لِطَاعَتِهِمْ أَبَا يَزِيدَ، وَأَرْسَلَ مَنْ يُنَادِي فِي النَّاسِ بِالْأَمَانِ، وَطَابَتْ نُفُوسُهُمْ، وَرَحَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَوَصَلَهَا يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ لِسِتٍّ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ أَهْلُهَا، فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَوَعَدَهُمْ خَيْرًا. وَوَجَدَ فِي الْقَيْرَوَانِ مِنْ حُرَمِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ وَأَوْلَادِهِ جَمَاعَةً، فَحَمَلَهُمْ إِلَى الْمَهْدِيَّةِ وَأَجْرَى عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْزَاقَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا يَزِيدَ جَمَعَ عَسَاكِرَهُ، وَأَرْسَلَ سَرِيَّةً ( إِلَى الْقَيْرَوَانِ ) يَتَخَبَّرُونَ لَهُ، فَاتَّصَلَ خَبَرُهُمْ بِالْمَنْصُورِ، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِمْ سَرِيَّةً، فَالْتَقَوْا وَاقْتَتَلُوا، وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ قَدْ جَعَلُوا كَمِينًا، فَانْهَزَمُوا، وَتَبِعَهُمْ أَصْحَابُ الْمَنْصُورِ، فَخَرَجَ الْكَمِينُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَكْثَرَ فِيهِمُ الْقَتْلَ وَالْجِرَاحَ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ النَّاسُ ذَلِكَ، سَارَعُوا إِلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ، فَكَثُرَ جَمْعُهُ، فَعَادَ وَنَازَلَ الْقَيْرَوَانَ، وَكَانَ الْمَنْصُورُ قَدْ جَعَلَ خَنْدَقًا فِي عَسْكَرِهِ، فَفَرَّقَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ عَسْكَرَهُ ثَلَاثَ فِرَقٍ، وَقَصَدَ هُوَ بِشُجْعَانِ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى خَنْدَقِ الْمَنْصُورِ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا، وَعَظُمَ الْأَمْرُ، وَكَانَ الظَّفَرُ لِلْمَنْصُورِ، ثُمَّ عَاوَدُوا الْقِتَالَ، فَبَاشَرَ الْمَنْصُورُ الْقِتَالَ بِنَفْسِهِ، وَجَعَلَ يَحْمِلُ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا، وَالْمِظَلَّةُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ كَالْعَلَمِ، وَمَعَهُ خَمْسُمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، وَأَبُو يَزِيدَ فِي مِقْدَارِ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ الْمَنْصُورِ هَزِيمَةً عَظِيمَةً حَتَّى دَخَلُوا الْخَنْدَقَ وَنَهَبُوا، وَبَقِيَ الْمَنْصُورُ فِي نَحْوِ عِشْرِينَ فَارِسًا. وَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ قَاصِدًا إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ شَهَرَ سَيْفَهُ وَثَبَتَ مَكَانَهُ، وَحَمَلَ بِنَفْسِهِ عَلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ حَتَّى كَادَ يَقْتُلُهُ، فَوَلَّى أَبُو يَزِيدَ هَارِبًا، وَقَتَلَ الْمَنْصُورُ مَنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْهُمْ، وَأَرْسَلَ مَنْ يَرُدُّ عَسْكَرَهُ فَعَادُوا، وَكَانُوا قَدْ سَلَكُوا طَرِيقَ الْمَهْدِيَّةِ وَسُوسَةَ، وَتَمَادَى الْقِتَالُ إِلَى الظُّهْرِ فَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَكَانَ يَوْمًا مِنَ الْأَيَّامِ الْمَشْهُودَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي مَاضِي الْأَيَّامِ مِثْلُهُ. وَرَأَى النَّاسُ مِنْ شَجَاعَةِ الْمَنْصُورِ مَا لَمْ يَظُنُّوهُ، فَزَادَتْ هَيْبَتُهُ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ، وَرَحَلَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ عَنِ الْقَيْرَوَانِ أَوَاخِرَ ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَيْهَا فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ، وَنَادَى الْمَنْصُورُ: مَنْ أَتَى بِرَأْسِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، فَلَهُ عَشَرَةُ آلَافِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَذِنَ النَّاسُ فِي الْقِتَالِ، فَجَرَى قِتَالٌ شَدِيدٌ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ الْمَنْصُورِ حَتَّى دَخَلُوا الْخَنْدَقَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَتِ الْهَزِيمَةُ عَلَى أَبِي يَزِيدَ، فَافْتَرَقُوا وَقَدِ انْتَصَفَ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ، وَقُتِلَ بَيْنَهُمْ جَمْعٌ عَظِيمٌ، وَعَادَتِ الْحَرْبُ مَرَّةً لِهَذَا وَمَرَّةً لِهَذَا، وَصَارَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ يُرْسِلُ السَّرَايَا، فَيَقْطَعُ الطَّرِيقَ بَيْنَ الْمَهْدِيَّةِ وَالْقَيْرَوَانِ وَسْوَسَةَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ يَسْأَلُ أَنْ يُسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ حَرَمَهُ وَعِيَالَهُ الَّذِينَ خَلَّفَهُمْ بِالْقَيْرَوَانِ وَأَخَذَهُمُ الْمَنْصُورُ، فَإِنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، دَخَلَ فِي طَاعَتِهِ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤَمِّنَهُ وَأَصْحَابَهُ، وَحَلَفَ لَهُ بِأَغْلَظِ الْأَيْمَانِ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَأَجَابَهُ الْمَنْصُورُ إِلَى مَا طَلَبَ، وَأَحْضَرَ عِيَالَهُ وَسَيَّرَهُمْ إِلَيْهِ مُكَرَّمِينَ، بَعْدَ أَنْ وَصَلَهُمْ، وَأَحْسَنَ كُسْوَتَهُمْ، وَأَكْرَمَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلُوا إِلَيْهِ، نَكَثَ جَمِيعَ مَا عَقَدَهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا وَجَّهَهُمْ خَوفًا مِنِّي، فَانْقَضَتْ سَنَةُ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَدَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَهُمْ عَلَى حَالِهِمْ ( فِي الْقِتَالِ ). فَفِي خَامِسِ الْمُحَرَّمِ مِنْهَا زَحَفَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ، وَرَكِبَ الْمَنْصُورُ، وَكَانَ بَيْنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ قِتَالٌ مَا سُمِعَ بِمِثْلِهِ، وَحَمَلَتِ الْبَرْبَرُ عَلَى الْمَنْصُورِ وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهَا، وَجَعَلَ يَضْرِبُ فِيهِمْ، فَانْهَزَمُوا مِنْهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قُتِلَ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَلَمَّا انْتَصَفَ الْمُحَرَّمُ عَبَّأَ الْمَنْصُورُ عَسْكَرَهُ، فَجَعَلَ فِي الْمَيْمَنَةِ أَهْلَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، وَكُتَامَةَ فِي الْمَيْسَرَةِ، وَهُوَ فِي عَبِيدِهِ وَخَاصَّتِهِ فِي الْقَلْبِ، فَوَقَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ قِتَالٌ شَدِيدٌ، فَحَمَلَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ عَلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ فَهَزَمَهَا، ثُمَّ حَمَلَ عَلَى الْقَلْبِ فَبَادَرَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَنْصُورُ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا يَوْمُ الْفَتْحِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. وَحَمَلَ هُوَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ حَمْلَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ، وَأَخَذَتِ السُّيُوفُ أَصْحَابَهُ فَوَلُّوا مُنْهَزِمِينَ، وَأَسْلَمُوا أَثْقَالَهُمْ، وَهَرَبَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، فَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مَا لَا يُحْصَى، فَكَانَ مَا أَخَذَهُ أَطْفَالُ أَهْلِ الْقَيْرَوَانِ مِنْ رُءُوسِ الْقَتْلَى عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ رَأْسٍ، وَسَارَ أَبُو يَزِيدَ إِلَى تَاهِ مَدِيتَ.
Translation
✧ Mention of al-Manṣūr's taking possession of the city of al-Qayrawān and the defeat of Abū Yazīd When the news reached al-Manṣūr, he marched to the city of Sūsah with seven nights remaining of Shawwāl of that year. He encamped outside it and rejoiced at what the people of al-Qayrawān had done. He wrote them a letter granting them amnesty, for he had been angry with them for their obedience to Abū Yazīd. He sent someone to proclaim the amnesty among the people, and their hearts were set at ease. He journeyed to them and reached it on Thursday, with six nights remaining of Shawwāl. Its people came out to him, and he granted them amnesty and promised them good. He found in al-Qayrawān a group of Abū Yazīd's womenfolk and children, so he carried them to al-Mahdiyyah and provided them with sustenance. Then Abū Yazīd gathered his troops and sent a raiding party to al-Qayrawān to gather information for him. Word of them reached al-Manṣūr, so he sent a raiding party against them. They met and fought. Abū Yazīd's companions had set an ambush, so they fled, and al-Manṣūr's companions pursued them. The ambush came out against them and inflicted many deaths and wounds. When the people heard that, they hastened to Abū Yazīd, and his gathering grew large. He returned and encamped against al-Qayrawān. Al-Manṣūr had made a trench around his camp. Abū Yazīd divided his army into three divisions and headed with the bravest of his companions toward al-Manṣūr's trench. They fought, and the affair became grave. Victory was al-Manṣūr's. Then they returned to fighting, and al-Manṣūr engaged in combat personally. He charged right and left with the parasol over his head like a banner, and with him were five hundred horsemen. Abū Yazīd had about thirty thousand men. Al-Manṣūr's companions fled in a great rout until they entered the trench and were plundered. Al-Manṣūr remained with about twenty horsemen. Abū Yazīd advanced toward al-Manṣūr. When he saw them, he drew his sword and stood firm. He charged personally at Abū Yazīd until he nearly killed him. Abū Yazīd turned and fled. Al-Manṣūr killed those he caught up with and sent someone to turn back his army, so they returned. They had taken the road to al-Mahdiyyah and Sūsah. The fighting continued until midday, and a great multitude of them was killed. It was one of the witnessed days the like of which had not been seen in past days. The people saw of al-Manṣūr's courage what they had not imagined, and his awe increased in their hearts. Abū Yazīd departed from al-Qayrawān at the end of Dhū al-Qaʿdah in the year 334 AH. Then he returned to it, and no one came out against him. He did that more than once. Al-Manṣūr proclaimed: "Whoever brings the head of Abū Yazīd shall have ten thousand dinars." He permitted the people to fight, and severe fighting occurred. Al-Manṣūr's companions fled until they entered the trench. Then the rout turned upon Abū Yazīd, and they separated after each had gotten the better of the other in part. A great host was killed among them. The war went back and forth, now for this side, now for that. Abū Yazīd began sending raiding parties that cut the road between al-Mahdiyyah, al-Qayrawān, and Sūsah. Then he sent to al-Manṣūr, asking that his womenfolk and dependents whom he had left in al-Qayrawān and whom al-Manṣūr had taken be surrendered to him. If he did that, he would enter into obedience to him on condition that he grant safety to him and his companions. He swore to him by the most binding oaths concerning that. Al-Manṣūr granted him what he requested. He brought forth his dependents and sent them to him honorably, after he had given them gifts, fine clothing, and generous treatment. When they reached him, he broke all that he had pledged and said: "He only sent them out of fear of me." Thus the year 334 AH ended and the year 335 AH began while they were still in their state of fighting. On the fifth of Muḥarram of that year, Abū Yazīd advanced, and al-Manṣūr mounted. Between the two parties there was fighting the like of which had not been heard. The Berbers charged al-Manṣūr, and he charged them, striking among them. They fled from him after many were killed. When the middle of Muḥarram arrived, al-Manṣūr arrayed his army. He placed the people of Ifrīqiyyah on the right wing, Kutāmah on the left wing, and he himself with his slaves and elite in the center. Severe fighting occurred between them. Abū Yazīd charged the right wing and routed it. Then he charged the center. Al-Manṣūr hastened toward him and said: "This is the day of victory, if God Almighty wills." He and those with him charged as one man, and Abū Yazīd fled. The swords took hold of his companions, and they turned in defeat, abandoning their baggage. Abū Yazīd fled headlong. Of his companions, an innumerable multitude was killed. What the children of al-Qayrawān's people took of the heads of the slain amounted to ten thousand heads. Abū Yazīd went to Tāh Midīt.
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