Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3950
Then the Year 330 AH Began
ذِكْرُ اسْتِيلَاءِ الدَّيْلَمِ عَلَى أَذْرَبِيجَانَ كَانَتْ أَذْرَبِيجَانُ بِيَدِ دَيْسَمِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْكُرْدِيِّ، وَكَانَ قَدْ صَحِبَ يُوسُفَ بْنَ أَبِي السَّاجِ، وَخَدَمَ وَتَقَدَّمَ حَتَّى اسْتَوْلَى عَلَى أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ بِمَذْهَبِ الشُّرَاةِ هُوَ وَأَبُوهُ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ هَارُونَ الشَّارِيِّ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ هَارُونُ، هَرَبَ إِلَى أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَتَزَوَّجَ ابْنَةَ رَئِيسٍ مِنْ أَكْرَادِهَا، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ دَيْسَمَ، فَانْضَمَّ إِلَى أَبِي السَّاجِ، فَارْتَفَعَ وَكَبُرَ شَأْنُهُ، وَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَى أَنْ مَلَكَ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ بَعْدَ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَبِي السَّاجِ، وَكَانَ مُعْظَمُ جُيُوشِهِ الْأَكْرَادُ، إِلَّا نَفَرًا يَسِيرًا مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ مِنْ عَسْكَرِ وَشْمَكِيرَ، أَقَامُوا عِنْدَهُ حِينَ صَحِبُوهُ إِلَى أَذْرَبِيجَانَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَكْرَادَ تَقَوَّوْا، وَتَحَكَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَتَغَلَبُّوا عَلَى بَعْضِ قِلَاعِهِ وَأَطْرَافِ بِلَادِهِ، فَرَأَى أَنْ يَسْتَظْهِرَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِالدَّيْلَمِ، فَاسْتَكْثَرَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ، وَكَانَ فِيهِمْ صُعْلُوكُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسَافِرٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ وَغَيْرُهُمَا، فَأَكْرَمَهُمْ دَيْسَمُ، وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَانْتَزَعَ مِنَ الْأَكْرَادِ مَا تَغَلَّبُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بِلَادِهِ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ رُؤَسَائِهِمْ. وَكَانَ وَزِيرُهُ أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ عَلِيَّ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، فَسَعَى بِهِ أَعْدَاؤُهُ، فَأَخَافَهُ دَيْسَمُ، فَهَرَبَ إِلَى الطَّرْمِ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسَافِرٍ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ إِلَيْهِ رَأَى ابْنَيْهِ وَهْسُوذَانَ وَالْمَرْزُبَانَ قَدِ اسْتَوْحَشَا مِنْهُ، وَاسْتَوْلَيَا عَلَى بَعْضِ قِلَاعِهِ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ وَحْشَتِهِمَا سُوءَ مُعَامَلَتِهِ مَعَهُمَا وَمَعَ غَيْرِهِمَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمَا قَبَضَا عَلَى أَبِيهِمَا مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسَافِرٍ، وَأَخَذُوا أَمْوَالَهُ وَذَخَائِرَهُ، وَبَقِيَ فِي حِصْنٍ آخَرَ وَحِيدًا فَرِيدًا بِغَيْرِ مَالٍ وَلَا عُدَّةٍ، فَرَأَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الْحَالَ، فَتَقَرَّبَ إِلَى الْمَزْرُبَانَ وَخَدَمَهُ وَأَطْعَمَهُ فِي أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَضَمِنَ لَهُ تَحْصِيلَ أَمْوَالٍ كَثِيرَةٍ يَعْرِفُ هُوَ وُجُوهَهَا، فَقَلَّدَهُ وِزَارَتَهُ. وَكَانَ يَجْمَعْهُمَا مَعَ الَّذِي ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّهُمَا كَانَا مَعَ الشِّيعَةِ، فَإِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ كَانَ مِنْ دُعَاةِ الْبَاطِنِيَّةِ، وَالْمَزْرُبَانُ مَشْهُورٌ بِذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ دَيْسَمُ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا يَذْهَبُ إِلَى مَذْهَبِ الْخَوَارِجِ فِي بُغْضِ عَلِيٍّ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. فَنَفَرَ عَنْهُ مَنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ، وَابْتَدَأَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ فَكَاتَبَ مَنْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَسْتَوْحِشُ مِنْ دَيْسَمَ يَسْتَمِيلَهُ، إِلَى أَنْ أَجَابَهُ أَكْثَرُ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَفَسَدَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ عَلَى دَيْسَمَ، وَخَاصَّةً الدَّيْلَمُ، وَسَارَ الْمَرْزُبَانُ إِلَى أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَسَارَ دَيْسَمُ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيَا لِلْحَرْبِ عَادَ الدَّيْلَمُ إِلَى الْمَرْزُبَانِ، وَتَبِعَهُمْ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْأَكْرَادِ مُسْتَأْمِنِينَ، فَحَمَلَ الْمَرْزُبَانُ عَلَى دَيْسَمَ، فَهَرَبَ فِي طَائِفَةٍ يَسِيرَةٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى أَرْمِينِيَّةَ، وَاعْتَصَمَ بِحَاجِيقَ بْنِ الدِّيرَانِيِّ، لِمَوَدَّةٍ بَيْنِهِمَا، فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَاسْتَأْنَفَ دَيْسَمُ يُؤَلِّفُ الْأَكْرَادَ، وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُهُ يُشِيرُونَ عَلَيْهِ بِإِبْعَادِ الدَّيْلَمِ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِمْ إِيَّاهُ فِي الْجِنْسِ وَالْمَذْهَبِ، فَعَصَاهُمْ وَمَلَّكَ الْمَرْزُبَانَ أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، وَاسْتَقَامَ أَمْرُهُ إِلَى أَنْ فَسَدَ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ وَزِيرِهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ الْوَحْشَةِ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنَّ عَلِيًّا أَسَاءَ السِّيرَةَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ الْمَرْزُبَانِ، ( فَتَضَافَرُوا عَلَيْهِ، فَأَحَسَّ بِذَلِكَ، فَاحْتَالَ عَلَى الْمَرْزُبَانِ ) فَأَطْمَعَهُ فِي أَمْوَالٍ كَثِيرَةٍ يَأْخُذُهَا لَهُ مِنْ بَلَدِ تِبْرِيزَ، فَضَمَّ جُنْدًا مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ وَسَيَّرَهُمْ إِلَيْهَا، فَاسْتَمَالَ أَهْلَ الْبَلَدِ، فَعَرَّفَهُمْ أَنَّ الْمَرْزُبَانَ إِنَّمَا سَيَّرَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ لِيَأْخُذَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَحَسَّنَ لَهُمْ قَتْلَ مَنْ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ، وَمُكَاتَبَةَ دَيْسَمَ لِيَقَدُمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَأَجَابُوهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. وَكَاتَبَ دَيْسَمَ، وَوَثَبَ أَهْلُ الْبَلَدِ بِالدَّيْلَمِ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ، وَسَارَ دَيْسَمُ فِيمَنِ اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ إِلَى تِبْرِيزَ، وَكَانَ الْمَرْزُبَانُ قَدْ أَسَاءَ إِلَى مَنِ اسْتَأْمَنَ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَكْرَادِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعُوا بِدَيْسَمَ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ تِبْرِيزَ سَارُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا اتَّصَلَ ذَلِكَ بِالْمَرْزُبَانِ، نَدِمَ عَلَى إِيحَاشِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ عَسْكَرَهُ وَسَارَ إِلَى تِبْرِيزَ، فَتَحَارَبَ هُوَ وَدَيْسَمُ بِظَاهِرِ تِبْرِيزَ، فَانْهَزَمَ دَيْسَمُ وَالْأَكْرَادُ، وَعَادُوا فَتَحَصَّنُوا بِتِبْرِيزَ، وَحَصَرَهُمُ الْمَرْزُبَانُ وَأَخَذَ فِي إِصْلَاحِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَمُرَاسَلَتِهِ، وَبَذَلَ لَهُ الْأَيْمَانَ عَلَى مَا يُرِيدُهُ، فَأَجَابَهُ عَلِيٌّ: إِنَّنِي لَا أُرِيدُ مِنْ جَمِيعِ مَا بَذَلْتَهُ إِلَّا السَّلَامَةَ وَتَرْكَ الْعَمَلَ، فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَحَلَفَ لَهُ. وَاشْتَدَّ الْحِصَارُ عَلَى دَيْسَمَ، فَسَارَ مِنْ تِبْرِيزَ إِلَى أَرْدَبِيلَ، ( وَخَرَجَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ إِلَى الْمَزْرَبَانِ، فَسَارُوا إِلَى أَرْدَبِيلَ ) وَتَرَكَ الْمَرْزُبَانُ عَلَى تِبْرِيزِ مَنْ يَحْصُرُهَا، وَحَصَرَ هُوَ دَيْسَمَ بِأَرْدَبِيلَ، فَلَمَّا طَالَ الْحِصَارُ عَلَيْهِ طَلَبَ الصُّلْحَ، وَرَاسَلَ الْمَرْزُبَانَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَيْهِ، فَاصْطَلَحَا وَتَسَلَّمَ الْمَرْزُبَانُ أَرْدَبِيلَ، فَأَكْرَمَ دَيْسَمَ وَعَظَّمَهُ، وَوَفَّى لَهُ بِمَا حَلَفَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ دَيْسَمَ خَافَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ مِنَ الْمَرْزُبَانِ، فَطَلَبَ مِنْهُ أَنْ يُسَيِّرَهُ إِلَى قَلْعَتِهِ بِالطَّرْمِ فَيَكُونَ فِيهَا هُوَ وَأَهْلُهُ، وَيَقْنَعَ بِمَا يَتَحَصَّلُ لَهُ مِنْهَا، وَلَا يُكَلِّفَهُ شَيْئًا آخَرَ، فَفَعَلَ الْمَرْزُبَانُ ذَلِكَ، وَأَقَامَ دَيْسَمُ بِقَلْعَتِهِ هُوَ وَأَهْلُهُ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the Daylamites' seizure of Azerbaijan Azerbaijan was in the hands of Daysam b. Ibrāhīm al-Kurdī. He had accompanied Yūsuf b. Abī al-Sāj, served him, and rose in rank until he took control of Azerbaijan. He and his father professed the doctrine of the Shurāt. His father had been one of the companions of Hārūn al-Shārī, and when Hārūn was killed, he fled to Azerbaijan and married the daughter of a chief of its Kurds, who bore him Daysam. Daysam then attached himself to Abū al-Sāj, rose in status, grew in importance, and advanced until he ruled Azerbaijan after Yūsuf b. Abī al-Sāj. Most of his armies were Kurds, except for a small number of Daylamites from the army of Washmakīr who had stayed with him when they accompanied him to Azerbaijan. Then the Kurds grew strong, dominated him, and took control of some of his fortresses and the outlying regions of his territories. He decided to seek support against them from the Daylamites, so he recruited many of them. Among them were Ṣuʿlūk b. Muḥammad b. Musāfir and ʿAlī b. al-Faḍl, among others. Daysam honoured them, treated them well, and recovered from the Kurds the lands they had seized, and he arrested a number of their leaders. His vizier was Abū al-Qāsim ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar, a native of Azerbaijan. His enemies slandered him, so Daysam frightened him, and he fled to al-Ṭarm to Muḥammad b. Musāfir. When he reached him, he found that his two sons, Wahsūdhān and al-Marzubān, had become estranged from him and had taken over some of his fortresses. The cause of their estrangement was his bad treatment of them and of others. Then the two of them seized their father Muḥammad b. Musāfir, took his wealth and treasures, and he remained alone in another fortress, without money or equipment. ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar saw the situation, so he approached al-Marzubān, served him, and encouraged him to take Azerbaijan, guaranteeing him the collection of large sums of money whose sources he knew. So al-Marzubān appointed him as his vizier. What united them, besides what we have mentioned, was that they were both with the Shīʿa. ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar was one of the Bāṭinī missionaries, and al-Marzubān was well known for that. Daysam, as we mentioned, followed the Khārijī doctrine in hating ʿAlī ﷺ. Therefore the Daylamites who were with him were alienated from him. ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar began by corresponding with those he knew were alienated from Daysam, seeking to win them over, until the majority of his companions responded, and their hearts turned against Daysam, especially the Daylamites. Al-Marzubān marched to Azerbaijan, and Daysam marched against him. When they met in battle, the Daylamites went over to al-Marzubān, and many Kurds followed them seeking safe conduct. Al-Marzubān charged against Daysam, who fled with a small band of his companions to Armenia and sought refuge with Ḥājīq b. al-Dayrānī, on account of friendship between them. He honoured him, and Daysam began anew to rally the Kurds. His companions had advised him to keep the Daylamites at a distance because of their difference from him in ethnicity and doctrine, but he disobeyed them, and al-Marzubān took possession of Azerbaijan. His rule remained stable until relations between him and his vizier ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar deteriorated. The cause of the estrangement between them was that ʿAlī treated al-Marzubān's companions badly, so they united against him. He sensed that and contrived a scheme against al-Marzubān: he enticed him with large sums of money that he would collect for him from the city of Tabrīz. So al-Marzubān assembled a force of Daylamites and sent them there. ʿAlī won over the people of the city, telling them that al-Marzubān had sent him to them only to seize their wealth, and he persuaded them to kill the Daylamites among them and to correspond with Daysam so that he might come to them. They agreed to that. He corresponded with Daysam, and the people of the city fell upon the Daylamites and killed them. Daysam marched with the troops that had gathered to him to Tabrīz. Al-Marzubān had treated badly the Kurds who had sought safe conduct with him, so when they heard that Daysam was heading for Tabrīz, they went to him. When this reached al-Marzubān, he regretted having alienated ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar. Then he assembled his army and marched to Tabrīz. He and Daysam fought outside Tabrīz, and Daysam and the Kurds were defeated. They retreated and fortified themselves in Tabrīz. Al-Marzubān besieged them and set about reconciling with ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar and corresponding with him, offering him solemn oaths for whatever he desired. ʿAlī replied: "Of all that you have offered, I want nothing but safety and to be relieved of office." Al-Marzubān agreed to that and swore to him. The siege pressed hard on Daysam, so he left Tabrīz for Ardabīl. ʿAlī b. Jaʿfar went out to al-Marzubān, and they marched to Ardabīl. Al-Marzubān left someone to besiege Tabrīz and himself besieged Daysam in Ardabīl. When the siege dragged on, Daysam sought peace and corresponded with al-Marzubān about it. Al-Marzubān agreed. They made peace, and al-Marzubān took possession of Ardabīl. He honoured Daysam and treated him with respect, and fulfilled what he had sworn to him. Then Daysam feared for his life from al-Marzubān, so he asked him to send him to his fortress at al-Ṭarm, where he and his family could stay, and he would be content with what he obtained from it and would impose no further burden on him. Al-Marzubān did that, and Daysam remained in his fortress with his family.
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