Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3783
Then the Year 317 AH Began
خُرُوجِ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّاءَ وَإِخْوَتِهِ بِخُرَاسَانَ فِي سَنَةُ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ خَرَجَ أَبُو زَكَرِيَّاءَ يَحْيَى، وَأَبُو صَالِحٍ مَنْصُورٌ، وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، أَوْلَادُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّامَانِيِّ، عَلَى أَخِيهِمُ السَّعِيدِ نَصْرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، وَقِيلَ كَانَ ذَلِكَ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ [ وَثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ ] وَهُوَ الصَّحِيحُ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَخَاهُمْ نَصْرًا كَانَ قَدْ حَبَسَهُمْ فِي الْقَهَنْدَزِ بِبُخَارَى، وَوَكَّلَ بِهِمْ مَنْ يَحْفَظُهُمْ، فَتَخَلَّصُوا مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ سَبَبُ خَلَاصِهِمْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا يُعْرَفُ بِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الْخَبَّازِ الْأَصْبَهَانِيِّ كَانَ يَقُولُ إِذَا جَرَى ذِكْرُ السَّعِيدِ نَصْرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ: إِنَّ لَهُ مِنِّي يَوْمًا طَوِيلَ الْبَلَاءِ وَالْعَنَاءِ، فَكَانَ النَّاسُ يَضْحَكُونَ مِنْهُ، فَخَرَجَ السَّعِيدُ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ بِبُخَارَى أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ الْكَوْسَجَ، وَكَانَتْ وَظِيفَةُ إِخْوَتِهِ تُحْمَلُ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْخَبَّازِ وَهُمْ فِي السَّجْنِ، فَسَعَى لَهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَعَ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعَسْكَرِ لِيُخْرِجُوهُمْ، فَأَجَابُوهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَأَعْلَمَهُمْ مَا سَعَى لَهُمْ فِيهِ. فَلَمَّا سَارَ السَّعِيدُ عَنْ بُخَارَى تَوَاعَدَ هَؤُلَاءِ لِلِاجْتِمَاعِ بِبَابِ الْقَهَنْدَزِ يَوْمَ جُمْعَةٍ، وَكَانَ الرَّسْمُ أَنْ لَا يُفْتَحَ بَابُ الْقَهَنْدَزِ أَيَّامَ الْجُمَعِ إِلَّا بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْخَمِيسُ دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْخَبَّازُ إِلَى الْقَهَنْدَزِ قَبْلَ الْجُمْعَةِ الَّتِي اتَّعَدُوا الِاجْتِمَاعَ فِيهَا بِيَوْمٍ، فَبَاتَ فِيهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ، وَهُوَ الْجُمْعَةُ، جَاءَ الْخَبَّازُ إِلَى بَابَ الْقَهَنْدَزِ، وَأَظْهَرَ لِلْبَوَّابِ زُهْدًا وَدِينًا، وَأَعْطَاهُ خَمْسَةَ دَنَانِيرَ لِيَفْتَحَ لَهُ الْبَابَ لِيُخْرِجَهُ لِئَلَّا تَفُوتَهُ الصَّلَاةُ، فَفَتَحَ لَهُ ( الْبَابَ، فَصَاحَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْخَبَّازُ بِمَنْ وَافَقَهُمْ عَلَى إِخْرَاجِهِمْ، وَكَانُوا عَلَى الْبَابِ )، فَأَجَابُوهُ، وَقَبَضُوا عَلَى الْبَوَّابِ، وَدَخَلُوا وَأَخْرَجُوا يَحْيَى، وَمَنْصُورًا، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ بَنِي أَحْمَدَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ مِنَ الْحَبْسِ مَعَ جَمِيعِ مَنْ فِيهِ مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ، وَالْعَلَوِيِّينَ، وَالْعَيَّارِينَ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا، وَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ مَنْ كَانَ وَافَقَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ، وَرَأَسَهُمْ شُرُوِينُ الْجِيلِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ مِنَ الْقُوَّادِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمْ عَظُمَتْ شَوْكَتُهُمْ، وَنَهَبُوا خَزَائِنَ السَّعِيدِ نَصْرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ وَدُورَهُ وَقُصُورَهُ، وَاخْتَصَّ يَحْيَى بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الْخَبَّازَ، وَقَدَّمَهُ وَقَوَّدَهُ، وَكَانَ السَّعِيدُ إِذْ ذَاكَ بِنَيْسَابُورَ، وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُظَفَّرِ، صَاحِبُ جَيْشِ خُرَاسَانَ، بِجُرْجَانَ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ يَحْيَى وَبَلَغَ خَبَرُهُ السَّعِيدَ، عَادَ مِنْ نَيْسَابُورَ إِلَى بُخَارَى، وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ، فَرَاسَلَ مَاكَانَ بْنَ كَالِي، وَصَاهَرَهُ، وَوَلَّاهُ نَيْسَابُورَ، وَأَمَرَهُ بِمَنْعِهَا مِمَّنْ يَقْصِدُهَا، فَسَارَ مَاكَانُ إِلَيْهَا، وَكَانَ السَّعِيدُ قَدْ سَارَ مِنْ نَيْسَابُورَ إِلَى بُخَارَى، ( وَكَانَ يَحْيَى وَكَّلَ ) بِالنَّهْرِ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الْخَبَّازَ، فَأَخَذَهُ السَّعِيدُ أَسِيرًا، وَعَبَرَ النَّهْرَ إِلَى بُخَارَى فَبَالَغَ فِي تَعْذِيبِ الْخَبَّازِ، ثُمَّ أَلْقَاهُ فِي التَّنُّورِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَخْبِزُ فِيهِ فَاحْتَرَقَ. وَسَارَ يَحْيَى مِنْ بُخَارَى إِلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ مِنْهَا وَاجْتَازَ بِنَوَاحِي الصَّغَانِيَّانِ وَبِهَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُظَفَّرِ، وَسَارَ يَحْيَى إِلَى تِرْمِذَ، فَعَبَرَ النَّهْرَ إِلَى بَلْخَ وَبِهَا قُرَاتِكِينُ، فَوَافَقَهُ قُرَاتِكِينُ، وَخَرَجَا إِلَى مَرْوَ، وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُظَفَّرِ بِنَيْسَابُورَ كَاتَبَهُ يَحْيَى، وَاسْتَمَالَهُ فَأَظْهَرَ لَهُ مُحَمَّدٌ الْمَيْلَ إِلَيْهِ، وَوَعَدَهُ الْمَسِيرَ نَحْوَهُ، ثُمَّ سَارَ عَنْ نَيْسَابُورَ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ بِهَا مَاكَانَ بْنَ كَالِي، وَأَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ مَرْوَ، ثُمَّ عَدَلَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ نَحْوَ بُوشَنْجَ وَهَرَاةَ مُسْرِعًا فِي سَيْرِهِ وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهِمَا. وَسَارَ مُحَمَّدٌ عَنْ هَرَاةَ نَحْوَ الصَّغَانِيَّانِ عَلَى طَرِيقِ غَرْشِسْتَانَ، فَبَلَغَ خَبَرُهُ يَحْيَى فَسَيَّرَ ( إِلَى طَرِيقِهِ ) عَسْكَرًا فَلَقِيَهُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ فَهَزَمَهُمْ وَسَارَ عَنْ غَرْشِسْتَانَ، وَاسْتَمَدَّ ابْنَهُ أَبَا عَلِيٍّ مِنَ الصَّغَانِيَّانِ، فَأَمَدَّهُ بِجَيْشٍ، وَسَارَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُظَفَّرِ إِلَى بَلْخَ، وَبِهَا ( مَنْصُورُ بْنُ ) قُرَاتِكِينَ، فَالْتَقَيَا، وَاقْتَتَلَا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَ مَنْصُورٌ إِلَى الْجَوْزَجَانِ، وَسَارَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَى الصَّغَانِيَّانِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ بِوَلَدِهِ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى السَّعِيدِ يُخْبِرُهُ، ( فَسَّرَهُ ذَلِكَ )، ( وَوَلَّاهُ بَلْخَ وَطُخَارِسْتَانَ ) وَاسْتَقْدَمَهُ، فَوَلَّاهُمَا مُحَمَّدٌ ابْنَهُ أَبَا عَلِيٍّ أَحْمَدَ، وَأَنْفَذَهُ إِلَيْهِمَا، وَلَحِقَ مُحَمَّدٌ بِالسَّعِيدِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ بِهِ بِبَلْخَ رُسْتَاقُ، وَهُوَ فِي أَثَرِ يَحْيَى وَهُوَ بِهَرَاةَ. وَكَانَ يَحْيَى قَدْ سَارَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَبِهَا مَاكَانُ بْنُ كَالِي، ( فَمَنَعَهُ عَنْهَا، وَنَزَلُوا عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمْ يَظْفَرُوا بِهَا، وَكَانَ مَعَ يَحْيَى مُحَمَّدُ ) ( بْنُ إِلْيَاسَ ) فَاسْتَأْمَنَ إِلَى مَاكَانَ، وَاسْتَأْمَنَ مَنْصُورٌ وَإِبْرَاهِيمُ أَخُو يَحْيَى إِلَى السَّعِيدِ نَصْرٍ فَلَمَّا قَارَبَ السَّعِيدُ هَرَاةَ، وَبِهَا يَحْيَى وَقُرَاتِكِينُ، سَارَا عَنْ هَرَاةَ إِلَى بَلْخَ، فَاحْتَالَ قُرَاتِكِينُ لِيَصْرِفَ السَّعِيدَ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ، فَأَنْفَذَ يَحْيَى مِنْ بَلْخَ إِلَى بُخَارَى، ( وَأَقَامَ هُوَ بِبَلْخَ، فَعَطَفَ السَّعِيدُ إِلَى بُخَارَى، فَلَمَّا عَبَرَ النَّهْرَ هَرَبَ يَحْيَى مِنْ بُخَارَى إِلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ، ثُمَّ عَادَ مِنْ سَمَرْقَنْدَ ثَانِيًا، فَلَمْ يُعَاوِنْهُ قُرَاتِكِينُ، فَسَارَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ، وَبِهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِلْيَاسَ قَدْ قَوِيَ أَمْرُهُ، وَسَارَ عَنْهَا مَاكَانُ إِلَى جُرْجَانَ، وَوَافَقَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِلْيَاسَ، وَخَطَبَ لَهُ، وَأَقَامُوا بِنَيْسَابُورَ. وَكَانَ السَّعِيدُ فِي أَثَرِ يَحْيَى لَا يُمَكِّنُهُ مِنَ الِاسْتِقْرَارِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُمْ خَبَرُ مَجِيءِ السَّعِيدِ ( إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ ) تَفَرَّقُوا، فَخَرَجَ ابْنُ إِلْيَاسَ إِلَى كَرْمَانَ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا، وَخَرَجَ قُرَاتِكِينُ وَمَعَهُ يَحْيَى إِلَى بُسْتَ وَالرُّخَّجِ، فَأَقَامَا بِهَا، وَوَصَلَ نَصْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ نَيْسَابُورَ فِي سَنَةِ عِشْرِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، فَأَنْفَذَ إِلَى قُرَاتِكِينَ، وَوَلَّاهُ بَلْخَ، وَبَذَلَ الْأَمَانَ لِيَحْيَى، فَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِ، وَزَالَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ، وَانْقَطَعَ الشَّرُّ وَكَانَ قَدْ دَامَ هَذِهِ الْمُدَّةَ كُلَّهَا. وَأَقَامَ السَّعِيدُ بِنَيْسَابُورَ إِلَى أَنْ حَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ يَحْيَى، فَأَكْرَمَهُ، وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ مَضَى بِهَا لِسَبِيلِهِ هُوَ وَأَخُوهُ أَبُو صَالِحٍ مَنْصُورٌ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَخُوهُمَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ ذَلِكَ هَرَبَ مِنْ عِنْدِ السَّعِيدِ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، ثُمَّ مِنْهَا إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ. وَأَمَّا قُرَاتِكِينُ فَإِنَّهُ مَاتَ بِبُسْتَ، وَنُقِلَ إِلَى أَسْبِيجَابَ، فَدُفِنَ بِهَا فِي رِبَاطِهِ الْمَعْرُوفِ بِرِبَاطِ قُرَاتِكِينَ، ( وَلَمْ يَمْلِكْ ضَيْعَةً قَطُّ )، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: يَنْبَغِي لِلْجُنْدِيِّ أَنْ يَصْحَبَهُ كُلُّ مَا مَلَكَ أَيْنَ سَارَ، حَتَّى لَا يَعْتَقِلَهُ شَيْءٌ.
Translation
✧ The Rising of Abū Zakariyyāʾ and His Brothers in Khurāsān In the year 317 AH, Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyā, Abū Ṣāliḥ Manṣūr, and Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm, the sons of Aḥmad b. Ismāʿīl al-Sāmānī, rose against their brother al-Saʿīd Naṣr b. Aḥmad. It was also said that this occurred in 318 AH, and that is the correct view. The reason for that was that their brother Naṣr had imprisoned them in the citadel (al-Quhandiz) at Bukhārā and assigned someone to guard them. They escaped from it. The cause of their escape was that a man known as Abū Bakr al-Khabbāz al-Aṣbahānī used to say, whenever al-Saʿīd Naṣr b. Aḥmad was mentioned, "He will have from me a day of long trial and suffering." People used to laugh at him. Al-Saʿīd went out to Naysābūr and left Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Kawsaj as his deputy in Bukhārā. The allowance for his brothers used to be delivered to them from Abū Bakr al-Khabbāz while they were in prison. Abū Bakr, along with a group of the army, worked on their behalf to get them out, and they agreed to that. He informed them of what he had done for them. When al-Saʿīd departed from Bukhārā, these people agreed to meet at the gate of the citadel on a Friday. It was the custom that the gate of the citadel was not opened on Fridays except after the afternoon prayer. On Thursday, one day before the Friday on which they had agreed to meet, Abū Bakr al-Khabbāz entered the citadel and spent the night there. On the morrow, which was Friday, the baker came to the gate of the citadel and showed piety and religiosity to the gatekeeper. He gave him five dīnārs to open the gate for him so that he could leave and not miss the prayer. So he opened the gate for him, and Abū Bakr al-Khabbāz shouted to those who had agreed with him to bring them out, and they were at the gate. They responded, seized the gatekeeper, entered, and brought out Yaḥyā, Manṣūr, and Ibrāhīm, the sons of Aḥmad b. Ismāʿīl, from prison, along with all of the Daylamites, Alids, and ʿayyārūn who were in it. They assembled, and those of the army who had agreed with them joined them, headed by Shurwīn al-Jīlī and other commanders. Then their strength grew, and they plundered the treasuries of al-Saʿīd Naṣr b. Aḥmad, his houses, and his palaces. Yaḥyā b. Aḥmad singled out Abū Bakr al-Khabbāz, promoted him, and made him a commander. At that time al-Saʿīd was in Naysābūr, and Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Muẓaffar, the commander of the Khurāsān army, was in Jurjān. When Yaḥyā rose and the news reached al-Saʿīd, he returned from Naysābūr to Bukhārā. The news reached Muḥammad b. al-Muẓaffar, so he corresponded with Mākān b. Kālī, made a marriage alliance with him, appointed him over Naysābūr, and ordered him to defend it from anyone who might aim for it. Mākān set out for it. Al-Saʿīd had set out from Naysābūr to Bukhārā, and Yaḥyā had placed Abū Bakr al-Khabbāz in charge of the river. Al-Saʿīd captured him, crossed the river to Bukhārā, and went to great lengths in torturing the baker. Then he threw him into the oven in which he used to bake, and he was burned. Yaḥyā went from Bukhārā to Samarqand, then left it and passed through the districts of al-Ṣaghāniyān, where Abū ʿAlī b. Abī Bakr Muḥammad b. al-Muẓaffar was. Yaḥyā went to Tirmidh, crossed the river to Balkh, where Qarātikīn was, and Qarātikīn joined him. They went out to Marw. When Muḥammad b. al-Muẓaffar arrived in Naysābūr, Yaḥyā wrote to him and sought to win him over. Muḥammad showed inclination towards him and promised to go to him. Then he left Naysābūr, leaving Mākān b. Kālī as his deputy there, and made it appear that he wanted Marw. Then he turned off the road towards Būshanj and Herāt, hastening in his march, and took control of both. Muḥammad left Herāt towards al-Ṣaghāniyān on the road of Gharshistān. News of him reached Yaḥyā, who sent an army to his route. Muḥammad met them, defeated them, and marched on from Gharshistān. He sought reinforcements from his son Abū ʿAlī from al-Ṣaghāniyān, who reinforced him with an army. Muḥammad b. al-Muẓaffar went to Balkh, where Manṣūr b. Qarātikīn was. They met and fought a fierce battle. Manṣūr was defeated and fled to al-Jūzjān. Muḥammad went to al-Ṣaghāniyān, joined his son, and wrote to al-Saʿīd informing him, which pleased him. He appointed him over Balkh and Ṭukhāristān and summoned him, so Muḥammad appointed his son Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad over them and sent him there. Muḥammad caught up with al-Saʿīd and met him at Balkh in the district of Rustāq, while he was in pursuit of Yaḥyā, who was in Herāt. Yaḥyā had gone to Naysābūr, where Mākān b. Kālī was, who defended it against him. They besieged it but did not succeed. With Yaḥyā was Muḥammad b. Ilyās, who sought safe-conduct from Mākān. Manṣūr and Ibrāhīm, Yaḥyā's brothers, sought safe-conduct from al-Saʿīd Naṣr. When al-Saʿīd approached Herāt, where Yaḥyā and Qarātikīn were, they left Herāt for Balkh. Qarātikīn used a ruse to divert al-Saʿīd from himself: he sent Yaḥyā from Balkh to Bukhārā, while he himself stayed in Balkh. Al-Saʿīd turned towards Bukhārā. When he crossed the river, Yaḥyā fled from Bukhārā to Samarqand, then returned from Samarqand a second time, but Qarātikīn did not help him. So he went to Naysābūr, where Muḥammad b. Ilyās had grown strong. Mākān left it for Jurjān, and Muḥammad b. Ilyās joined him and gave the khuṭbah in his name. They stayed in Naysābūr. Al-Saʿīd was in pursuit of Yaḥyā and did not allow him to settle. When the news of al-Saʿīd's coming to Naysābūr reached them, they dispersed. Ibn Ilyās went out to Kirmān and stayed there. Qarātikīn and Yaḥyā went out to Bust and al-Rukhkhaj and stayed there. Naṣr b. Aḥmad reached Naysābūr in the year 320 AH. He sent to Qarātikīn and appointed him over Balkh, and granted safe-conduct to Yaḥyā, who came to him. The strife ceased and the evil came to an end, after lasting all that time. Al-Saʿīd stayed in Naysābūr until Yaḥyā came to him. He honored him and treated him well. Then Yaḥyā and his brother Abū Ṣāliḥ Manṣūr went on their way. When their brother Ibrāhīm saw that, he fled from al-Saʿīd to Baghdād, then from there to al-Mawṣil. As for Qarātikīn, he died in Bust and was carried to Asbījāb and buried there in his ribāṭ known as Ribāṭ Qarātikīn. He never owned any landed estate, and he used to say: "A soldier should have with him everything he owns wherever he goes, so that nothing holds him back."
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