Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3774
Then the Year 316 AH Began
قَتْلِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِ الدَّاعِي فِي سنة سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ قُتِلَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الدَّاعِي الْعَلَوِيُّ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا اسْتِيلَاءَ أَسْفَارِ بْنِ شِيرُوَيْهِ الدَّيْلَمِيُّ عَلَى طَبَرِسْتَانَ، وَمَعَهُ مَرْدَاوِيجُ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَوْلَوْا عَلَيْهَا كَانَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ بِالرَّيِّ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهَا، وَأَخْرَجَ مِنْهَا أَصْحَابَ السَّعِيدِ نَصْرِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَى قَزْوِينَ، وَزَنْجَانَ، وَأَبْهَرَ، وَقُمَّ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ مَاكَانُ بْنُ كَالِي الدَّيْلَمِيُّ، فَسَارَ نَحْوَ طَبَرِسْتَانَ، وَالْتَقَوْا هُمْ وَأَسْفَارٌ عِنْدَ سَارِيَةَ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَ الْحَسَنُ ( وَمَاكَانُ بْنُ كَالِي فَلُحِقَ الْحَسَنُ فَقُتِلَ، وَكَانَ انْهِزَامُ مُعْظَمِ أَصْحَابِ الْحَسَنِ عَلَى تَعَمُّدٍ ) مِنْهُمْ لِلْهَزِيمَةِ. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَصْحَابَهُ بِالِاسْتِقَامَةِ، وَمَنَعَهُمْ عَنْ ظُلْمِ الرَّعِيَّةِ، وَشُرْبِ الْخُمُورِ، وَكَانُوا يُبْغِضُونَهُ لِذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَسْتَقْدِمُوا هَرُوسِنْدَانَ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ رُؤَسَاءِ الْجِيلِ، وَكَانَ خَالَ مَرْدَاوِيجَ وَوَشْمَكِيرَ، لِيُقَدِّمُوهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيَقْبِضُوا عَلَى الْحَسَنِ الدَّاعِي، وَيُنَصِّبُوا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ بْنَ الْأُطْرُوشِ، وَيَخْطُبُوا لَهُ. وَكَانَ هَرُوسِنْدَانُ مَعَ أَحْمَدَ الطَّوِيلِ بِالدَّامِغَانِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ صُعْلُوكٍ، فَوَقَفَ أَحْمَدُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ الدَّاعِي يُعْلِمُهُ، فَأَخَذَ حِذْرَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ هَرُوسِنْدَانُ لَقِيَهُ مَعَ الْقُوَّادِ، وَأَخَذَهُمْ إِلَى قَصْرِهِ بِجُرْجَانَ لِيَأْكُلُوا طَعَامًا، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا أَنَّهُ قَدِ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى مَا عَزَمُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ وَافَقَ خَوَاصَّ أَصْحَابِهِ عَلَى قَتْلِهِمْ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِمَنْعِ أَصْحَابِ أُولَئِكَ الْقُوَّادِ مِنَ الدُّخُولِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا دَارَهُ قَابَلَهُمْ عَلَى مَا يُرِيدُونَ [ أَنْ ] يَفْعَلُوهُ، وَمَا أَقْدَمُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ الَّتِي أَحَلَّتْ لَهُ دِمَاءَهُمْ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ، وَأَخْبَرَ أَصْحَابَهُمُ الَّذِينَ بِبَابِهِ بِقَتْلِهِمْ، وَأَمْرَهُمْ بِنَهْبِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَاشْتَغَلُوا بِالنَّهْبِ، وَتَرَكُوا أَصْحَابَهُمْ، وَعَظُمَ قَتْلُهُمْ عَلَى أَقْرِبَائِهِمْ وَنَفَرُوا عَنْهُ، فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ هَذِهِ الْحَادِثَةُ تَخَلَّوْا عَنْهُ حَتَّى قُتِلَ. وَلَمَّا قُتِلَ اسْتَوْلَى أَسْفَارٌ عَلَى بِلَادِ طَبَرِسْتَانَ، وَالرَّيِّ، وَجُرْجَانَ، وَقَزْوِينَ، وَزَنْجَانَ، وَأَبْهَرَ، وَقُمَّ، وَالْكَرْخِ، وَدَعَا لِصَاحِبِ خُرَاسَانَ، وَهُوَ السَّعِيدُ نَصْرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، وَأَقَامَ بِسَارِيَةَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى آمُلَ هَارُونَ بْنَ بَهْرَامَ، وَكَانَ هَارُونُ يَحْتَاجُ أَنْ يَخْطُبَ فِيهَا لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ، وَخَافَ أَسْفَارٌ نَاحِيَةَ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ أَنْ يُجَدِّدَ لَهُ فِتْنَةً وَحَرْبًا، فَاسْتَدْعَى هَارُونَ إِلَيْهِ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَ إِلَى أَحَدِ أَعْيَانِ آمُلَ، وَيُحْضِرَ عُرْسَهُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ وَغَيْرَهُ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فِي يَوْمٍ ذَكَرَهُ أَسْفَارٌ، ثُمَّ سَارَ أَسْفَارٌ مِنْ سَارِيَةَ مُجِدًّا فَوَافَى آمُلَ وَقْتَ الْمَوْعِدِ، وَهَجَمَ [ عَلَى ] دَارِ هَارُونَ ( عَلَى حِينِ ) غَفْلَةٍ، وَقَبَضَ عَلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ مِنْ أَعْيَانِ الْعَلَوِيِّينَ، وَحَمَلَهُمْ إِلَى بُخَارَى، فَاعْتُقِلُوا بِهَا إِلَى أَنْ خَلَصُوا أَيَّامَ فِتْنَةِ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّاءَ، عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ. وَلَمَّا فَرَغَ أَسْفَارٌ مِنْ أَمْرِ طَبَرِسْتَانَ سَارَ إِلَى الرَّيِّ، وَبِهَا مَاكَانُ بْنُ كَالِي، فَأَخَذَهَا مِنْهُ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَيْهَا، وَسَارَ مَاكَانُ إِلَى طَبَرِسْتَانَ، فَأَقَامَ هُنَاكَ. وَأَحَبَّ أَسْفَارٌ أَنْ يَسْتَوْلِيَ عَلَى قَلْعَةِ أَلَمُوتَ، وَهِيَ قَلْعَةٌ عَلَى جَبَلٍ شَاهِقٍ مِنْ حُدُودِ الدَّيْلَمِ، وَكَانَتْ لِسِيَاهْ جَشْمَ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الدَّيْلَمِيِّ، وَمَعْنَاهُ الْأَسْوَدُ الْعَيْنِ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَى إِحْدَى عَيْنَيْهِ شَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ، فَرَاسَلَهُ أَسْفَارٌ وَهَنَّأَهُ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ عِيَالَهُ فِي قَلْعَةِ أَلَمُوتَ، وَوَلَّاهُ قَزْوِينَ، فَأَجَابَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَنَقَلَهُمْ إِلَيْهَا، ثُمَّ كَانَ يُرْسِلُ إِلَيْهِمْ مَنْ يَثِقُ بِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا حَصَلَ فِيهَا مِائَةُ رَجُلٍ اسْتَدْعَاهُ مِنْ قَزْوِينَ، فَلَمَّا حَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَتَلَهُ بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ. وَكَانَ أَسْفَارٌ لَمَّا اجْتَازَ بِسُمْنَانَ اسْتَأْمَنَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ أَمِيرٍ كَانَ صَاحِبَ جَبَلِ دَنْبَاوَنْدَ، وَامْتَنَعَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ السُّمَّانِيُّ مِنَ النُّزُولِ إِلَيْهِ، وَامْتَنَعَ بِحِصْنٍ بِقَرْيَةِ رَأْسِ الْكَلْبِ، فَحَقَدَهَا عَلَيْهِ أَسْفَارٌ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَوْلَى عَلَى الرَّيِّ أَنْفَذَ إِلَيْهِ جَيْشًا يَحْصُرُونَهُ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ إِنْسَانٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ ( الدَّيْلَمِيُّ، فَحَصَرُوهُ )، وَلَمْ يُمْكِنْهُمُ الْوُصُولُ إِلَيْهِ، فَوَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ مَنْ يُشِيرُ عَلَيْهِ بِمُصَالَحَتِهِ فَفَعَلَ، وَأَجَابَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِلَى الْمَسْأَلَةِ، ثُمَّ وَضَعَ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ يُحَسِّنُ لَهُ أَنْ يُضِيفَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ، فَأَضَافَهُ، فَحَضَرَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنْ شُجْعَانِ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَتَرَكَهُمْ تَحْتَ الْحِصْنِ، وَصَعِدَ وَحْدَهُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، فَتَحَادَثَا سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ اسْتَخْلَاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ لِيُشِيرَ إِلَيْهِ شَيْئًا فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ عِنْدَهُمَا أَحَدٌ غَيْرَ غُلَامٍ صَغِيرٍ، فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ مُنَقْرَسًا زَمِنًا، وَأَخْرَجَ حَبْلَ إِبْرَيْسَمَ كَانَ قَدْ أَعَدَّهُ فَشَدَّهُ فِي نَافِذَةٍ فِي تِلْكَ الْغُرْفَةِ وَنَزَلَ وَتَخَلَّصَ. وَاسْتَغَاثَ ذَلِكَ الْغُلَامُ، فَجَاءَ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ وَكَسَرُوا الْبَابَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ قَدْ أَغْلَقَهُ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلُوا رَأَوْهُ مَقْتُولًا، فَقَتَلُوا بِهِ كُلَّ مَنْ عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الدَّيْلَمِ، وَحَفِظُوا نُفُوسَهُمْ. وَعَظُمَتْ جُيُوشُ أَسْفَارٍ وَجَلَّ قَدْرُهُ، فَتَجَبَّرَ وَعَصَى عَلَى الْأَمِيرِ السَّعِيدِ، صَاحِبِ خُرَاسَانَ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ تَاجًا وَيَنْصِبَ بِالرَّيِّ سَرِيرَ ذَهَبٍ لِلسَّلْطَنَةِ، وَيُحَارِبَ الْخَلِيفَةَ، وَصَاحِبَ خُرَاسَانَ، فَسَيَّرَ الْمُقْتَدِرُ إِلَيْهِ هَارُونَ بْنَ غَرِيبٍ فِي عَسْكَرٍ نَحْوَ قَزْوِينَ، فَحَارَبَهُ أَصْحَابُ أَسْفَارٍ بِهَا، فَانْهَزَمَ هَارُونُ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ جَمْعٌ كَثِيرٌ بِبَابِ قَزْوِينَ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُ قَزْوِينَ قَدْ سَاعَدُوا أَصْحَابَ هَارُونَ، فَحَقَدَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْفَارٌ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْأَمِيرَ السَّعِيدَ، صَاحِبَ خُرَاسَانَ، سَارَ مِنْ بُخَارَى قَاصِدًا نَحْوَ أَسْفَارٍ لِيَأْخُذَ بِلَادَهُ، فَبَلَغَ نَيْسَابُورَ، فَجَمَعَ أَسْفَارٌ عَسْكَرَهُ وَأَشَارَ عَلَى أَسْفَارٍ وَزِيرُهُ مُطَرِّفُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ بِمُرَاسَلَةِ صَاحِبِ خُرَاسَانَ، وَالدُّخُولِ فِي طَاعَتِهِ وَبَذْلِ الْمَالِ لَهُ، فَإِنْ أَجَابَ، وَإِلَّا فَالْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ. وَكَانَ فِي عَسْكَرِهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَتْرَاكِ صَاحِبِ خُرَاسَانَ قَدْ سَارُوا مَعَهُ فَخَوَّفَهُ وَزِيرُهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى رَأْيِهِ وَرَاسَلَهُ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يُجِيبَهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، وَعَزَمَ عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُهُ أَنْ يَقْبَلَ الْأَمْوَالَ، وَإِقَامَةَ الْخُطْبَةِ لَهُ وَخَوَّفُوهُ الْحَرْبَ وَأَنَّهُ لَا يَدْرِي لِمَنِ النَّصْرُ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ، وَأَجَابَ أَسْفَارٌ إِلَى مَا طَلَبَ، وَشَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ شُرُوطًا مِنْ حَمْلِ الْأَمْوَالِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَاتَّفَقَا فَشَرَعَ أَسْفَارٌ بَعْدَ إِتْمَامِ الصُّلْحِ، وَقَسَّطَ عَلَى الرَّيِّ وَأَعْمَالِهَا، عَلَى كُلِّ رَجُلٍ دِينَارًا، سَوَاءٌ كَانَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبِلَادِ أَمْ مِنَ الْمُجْتَازِينَ، فَحَصَلَ لَهُ مَالٌ عَظِيمٌ أَرْضَى صَاحِبَ خُرَاسَانَ بِبَعْضِهِ، وَرَجَعَ عَنْهُ. فَعَظُمَ أَمْرُ أَسْفَارٍ خِلَافَ مَا كَانَ، وَزَادَ تَجَبُّرُهُ، وَقَصَدَ قَزْوِينَ لِمَا فِي نَفْسِهِ عَلَى أَهْلِهَا، فَأَوْقَعَ بِهِمْ وَقْعَةً عَظِيمَةً أَخَذَ فِيهَا أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَعَذَّبَهُمْ، وَقَتَلَ كَثِيرًا مِنْهُمْ، وَعَسَّفَهُمْ عَسْفًا شَدِيدًا، وَسَلَّطَ الدَّيْلَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَضَاقَتِ الْأَرْضُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَبَلَغَتِ الْقُلُوبُ الْحَنَاجِرَ، وَسَمِعَ مُؤَذِّنَ الْجَامِعِ يُؤَذِّنُ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَأُلْقِيَ مِنَ الْمَنَارَةِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَاسْتَغَاثَ النَّاسُ مِنْ شَرِّهِ وَظُلْمِهِ، وَخَرَجَ أَهْلُ قَزْوِينَ إِلَى الصَّحْرَاءِ: الرِّجَالُ، وَالنِّسَاءُ، وَالْوَلَدَانُ يَتَضَرَّعُونَ وَيَدْعُونَ عَلَيْهِ وَيَسْأَلُونَ اللَّهَ كَشْفَ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ، فَبَلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَضَحِكَ مِنْهُمْ، وَشَتَمَهُمُ اسْتِهْزَاءً بِالدُّعَاءِ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ انْهَزَمَ عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ.
Translation
✧ The Killing of al-Ḥasan b. al-Qāsim al-Dāʿī In the year 316 AH, al-Ḥasan b. al-Qāsim al-Dāʿī al-ʿAlawī was killed. We have already mentioned the seizure of Ṭabaristān by Asfār b. Shīrūyah al-Daylamī, with Mardāwīj alongside him. When they took possession of it, al-Ḥasan b. al-Qāsim was at al-Rayy, and he seized it, expelling from it the supporters of al-Saʿīd Naṣr b. Aḥmad, and he took possession of Qazwīn, Zanjān, Abhar, and Qumm. With him was Mākān b. Kālī al-Daylamī. He marched towards Ṭabaristān, and they met Asfār at Sāriyah. They fought a fierce battle, and al-Ḥasan and Mākān b. Kālī were defeated. Al-Ḥasan was overtaken and killed. The defeat of most of al-Ḥasan's companions was deliberate on their part. The reason for that was that he commanded his companions to act uprightly and forbade them from oppressing the subjects and drinking wine, and they hated him for that. Then they agreed to summon Harūsindān—he was one of the chiefs of the Jīl, and he was the maternal uncle of Mardāwīj and Washmakīr—so that they might place him over them and seize al-Ḥasan al-Dāʿī, and set up Abū al-Ḥasan b. al-Uṭrūsh and proclaim allegiance to him. Harūsindān was with Aḥmad al-Ṭawīl at al-Dāmaghān after the death of Ṣuʿlūk. Aḥmad learned of that, so he wrote to al-Ḥasan al-Dāʿī informing him. Thus al-Ḥasan took his precaution. When Harūsindān arrived, al-Ḥasan met him with the commanders and took them to his palace in Jurjān to eat food, while they did not know that he had discovered what they intended. He had agreed with his close companions to kill them, and he ordered them to prevent the companions of those commanders from entering. When they entered his house, he confronted them about what they intended to do and the abominations they had undertaken, which made their blood lawful to him. Then he ordered them all killed, and he informed their companions at his gate of their killing, and ordered them to plunder their wealth. So they busied themselves with plundering and abandoned their companions. Their killing weighed heavily on their relatives, and they became alienated from him. When this incident occurred, they deserted him until he was killed. When he was killed, Asfār took possession of the lands of Ṭabaristān, al-Rayy, Jurjān, Qazwīn, Zanjān, Abhar, Qumm, and al-Karkh. He proclaimed allegiance to the ruler of Khurāsān, who was al-Saʿīd Naṣr b. Aḥmad, and he stayed at Sāriyah. He appointed Hārūn b. Bahrām over Āmul. Hārūn was required to proclaim allegiance there to Abū Jaʿfar al-ʿAlawī. Asfār feared that Abū Jaʿfar might stir up a new sedition and war against him, so he summoned Hārūn to him and ordered him to marry into one of the notable families of Āmul and to have Abū Jaʿfar and other chiefs of the ʿAlawīs attend his wedding. He did that on a day that Asfār designated. Then Asfār marched from Sāriyah in haste and arrived at Āmul at the appointed time, and he burst into Hārūn's house at a moment of heedlessness. He seized Abū Jaʿfar and other notables of the ʿAlawīs and carried them to Bukhārā, where they were imprisoned until they were released during the days of the sedition of Abū Zakariyyāʾ, as we shall mention. When Asfār finished with the matter of Ṭabaristān, he marched to al-Rayy, where Mākān b. Kālī was, and he took it from him and seized it. Mākān went to Ṭabaristān and stayed there. Asfār desired to take possession of the fortress of Alamūt, which is a fortress on a lofty mountain on the borders of al-Daylam. It belonged to Siyāh Jashm b. Mālik al-Daylamī—its meaning is 'black-eyed,' because he had a black mole over one of his eyes. Asfār corresponded with him and showed him favor, so he came to him. Asfār asked him to place his family in the fortress of Alamūt, and he appointed him over Qazwīn. Siyāh Jashm agreed to that and moved them there. Then Asfār used to send to them those of his companions whom he trusted. When there were a hundred men in it, he summoned Siyāh Jashm from Qazwīn. When he came before him, he seized him and killed him after some days. When Asfār passed through Simnān, the son of an amīr who was the lord of Mount Danbāwand sought safety from him, while Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar al-Simmānī refused to come down to him and held out in a fortress at the village of Raʾs al-Kalb. Asfār bore a grudge against him for that. When he took al-Rayy, he sent an army to besiege him, under a man called ʿAbd al-Malik al-Daylamī. They besieged him, but they could not reach him. So ʿAbd al-Malik planted someone to advise Muḥammad to make peace with him, and he did so. ʿAbd al-Malik agreed to the request. Then he planted someone to persuade him to host ʿAbd al-Malik, and so he hosted him. ʿAbd al-Malik came with a group of his brave companions, but he left them below the fortress and went up alone to Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar. They conversed for a while, then ʿAbd al-Malik asked him to be alone so he could advise him about something, and he did that. No one remained with them except a young boy. Then ʿAbd al-Malik leaped upon him and killed him—Muḥammad was crippled and bedridden. ʿAbd al-Malik took out a silk rope that he had prepared, tied it to a window in that room, and descended and escaped. That boy cried out for help, so Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar's companions came and broke down the door, which ʿAbd al-Malik had locked. When they entered, they saw him slain, and in retaliation they killed every Daylamī they had with them, and they saved themselves. Asfār's armies grew great and his stature became mighty. He became tyrannical and rebelled against the Amīr al-Saʿīd, the ruler of Khurāsān. He wanted to place a crown on his head and set up a golden throne for sovereignty at al-Rayy, and to fight the caliph and the ruler of Khurāsān. Al-Muqtadir sent against him Hārūn b. Gharīb with an army toward Qazwīn. Asfār's companions fought him there, and Hārūn was defeated, and a great number of his companions were killed at the gate of Qazwīn. The people of Qazwīn had aided Hārūn's companions, so Asfār bore a grudge against them. Then the Amīr al-Saʿīd, the ruler of Khurāsān, marched from Bukhārā heading toward Asfār to seize his lands. He reached Naysābūr, and Asfār gathered his army. His vizier Muṭarrif b. Muḥammad al-Jurjānī advised Asfār to correspond with the ruler of Khurāsān, to enter into obedience to him, and to offer him money; if he agreed, fine, otherwise war would be before him. In his army there was a group of Turks of the ruler of Khurāsān who had marched with him, and his vizier warned him about them. So he returned to his advice and corresponded with him, but the ruler refused to agree to that and resolved to march against him. Then his companions advised him to accept the money and the proclamation of allegiance to him, and they warned him of war, saying that he did not know to whom victory would go. So he returned to their opinion and agreed to what Asfār requested, stipulating conditions including the delivery of money and other things. They reached an accord. After completing the peace, Asfār began to levy on al-Rayy and its districts one dinar per man, whether he was from the local inhabitants or from travelers. Thus he obtained a great sum of money, with part of which he satisfied the ruler of Khurāsān, who then turned back from him. Asfār's affair became greater than before, and his tyranny increased. He headed for Qazwīn because of the grudge he bore against its people. He inflicted upon them a terrible calamity, seizing their wealth, torturing them, and killing many of them. He treated them with extreme harshness and set the Daylamīs upon them, so that the earth became straitened for them and hearts reached the throats. He heard the muezzin of the congregational mosque giving the call to prayer, and he ordered him thrown from the minaret to the ground. The people cried out for help against his evil and oppression, and the people of Qazwīn went out to the desert—men, women, and children—humbling themselves and praying against him, asking God to relieve them of what they were in. That reached him, and he laughed at them and reviled them in mockery of their supplication. On the morrow, he was defeated, as we shall mention.
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