Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3770
Then the Year 316 AH Began
أَخْبَارِ الْقَرَامِطَةِ في سَنَةُ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ لَمَّا سَارَ الْقَرَامِطَةُ مِنَ الْأَنْبَارِ عَادَ مُؤْنِسٌ الْخَادِمُ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَدَخَلَهَا ثَالِثَ الْمُحَرَّمِ، وَسَارَ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ الْقَرْمَطِيُّ إِلَى الدَّالِيَةِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْفُرَاتِ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ فِيهَا شَيْئًا، فَقَتَلَ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا جَمَاعَةً، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى الرَّحْبَةِ، فَدَخَلَهَا ثَامِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ، بَعْدَ أَنْ حَارَبَهُ أَهْلُهَا، فَوَضَعَ فِيهِمُ السَّيْفَ بَعْدَ أَنْ ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ، فَأُمِرَ مُؤْنِسٌ الْمُظَفَّرُ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى الرَّقَّةِ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهَا فِي صَفَرٍ، وَجَعَلَ طَرِيقَهُ عَلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، فَوَصَلَ إِلَيْهَا فِي رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَنَزَلَ بِهَا، وَأَرْسَلَ أَهْلُ قَرْقِيسِيَا يَطْلُبُونَ مِنْ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْأَمَانَ، فَأَمَّنَهُمْ وَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ لَا يَظْهَرَ أَحَدٌ بِالنَّهَارِ، فَأَجَابُوهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. وَسَيَّرَ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى الْأَعْرَابِ بِالْجَزِيرَةِ فَنَهَبُوهُمْ، وَأَخَذُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ، فَخَافَهُ الْأَعْرَابُ خَوْفًا شَدِيدًا وَهَرَبُوا مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ، وَقَرَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِتَاوَةً عَلَى كُلِّ رَأْسٍ دِينَارٌ يَحْمِلُونَهُ إِلَى هَجَرَ، ثُمَّ صَعِدَ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مِنَ الرَّحْبَةِ إِلَى الرِّقَّةِ، فَدَخَلَ أَصْحَابُهُ الرَّبَضَ وَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ ثَلَاثِينَ رَجُلًا، وَأَعَانَ أَهْلُ الرَّقَّةِ أَهَّلَ الرَّبَضِ، وَقَتَلُوا مِنَ الْقَرَامِطَةِ جَمَاعَةً، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا آخِرَ رَبِيعٍ الْآخَرِ. وَبَثَّتِ الْقَرَامِطَةُ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى رَأْسِ عَيْنٍ، وَكَفَرْتُوثَا، فَطَلَبَ أَهْلُهَا الْأَمَانَ، فَأَمَّنُوهُمْ، وَسَارُوا أَيْضًا إِلَى سِنْجَارَ، فَنَهَبُوا الْجِبَالَ، وَنَازَلُوا سِنْجَارَ، فَطَلَبَ أَهْلُهَا الْأَمَانَ، فَأَمَّنُوهُمْ. وَكَانَ مُؤْنِسٌ قَدْ وَصَلَ إِلَى الْمَوْصِلِ، فَبَلَغَهُ قَصْدُ الْقَرَامِطَةِ إِلَى الرَّقَّةِ ( فَجَدَّ السَّيْرَ إِلَيْهَا، فَسَارَ أَبُو طَاهِرٍ عَنْهَا، وَعَادَ ) إِلَى الرَّحْبَةِ، وَوَصَلَ مُؤْنِسٌ إِلَى الرَّقَّةِ بَعْدَ انْصِرَافِ الْقَرَامِطَةِ عَنْهَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْقَرَامِطَةَ سَارُوا إِلَى هَيْتَ، وَكَانَ أَهْلُهَا قَدْ أَحْكَمُوا سُورَهَا، فَقَاتَلُوهُ، فَعَادَ عَنْهُمْ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، فَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَأُخْرِجَ هَارُونُ بْنُ غَرِيبٍ، ( وَبُنِّيُّ بْنُ نَفِيسٍ ) وَنَصْرٌ الْحَاجِبُ ( إِلَيْهَا، وَوَصَلَتْ خَيْلُ الْقَرْمَطِيِّ إِلَى قَصْرِ ابْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ، فَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُ جَمَاعَةً. ثُمَّ إِنَّ نَصْرًا الْحَاجِبَ ) حُمَّ فِي طَرِيقِهِ حُمَّى حَادَّةً، فَتَجَلَّدَ وَسَارَ، فَلَمَّا قَارَبَهُمُ الْقَرْمَطِيُّ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي نَصْرٍ قُوَّةٌ عَلَى النُّهُوضِ وَالْمُحَارَبَةِ، فَاسْتَخْلَفَ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ كَيْغَلَغَ، وَاشْتَدَّ مَرَضُ نَصْرٍ، وَأُمْسِكَ لِسَانُهُ لِشِدَّةِ مَرَضِهِ، فَرَدُّوهُ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ، فَمَاتَ فِي الطَّرِيقِ فِي أَوَاخِرِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَجُعِلَ مَكَانَهُ عَلَى الْجَيْشِ هَارُونُ بْنُ غَرِيبٍ، وَرُتِّبَ ابْنُهُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ فِي الْحَجْبَةِ لِلْمُقْتَدِرِ مَكَانَ أَبِيهِ، فَانْصَرَفَ الْقَرَامِطَةُ إِلَى الْبَرِّيَّةِ، وَعَادَ هَارُونُ إِلَى بَغْدَاذَ ( فِي الْجَيْشِ )، فَدَخَلَهَا لِثَمَانٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ. مَنْ ظَهَرَ بِسَوَادِ الْعِرَاقِ مِنَ الْقَرَامِطَةِ لَمَّا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ أَبِي طَاهِرٍ الْقَرْمَطِيِّ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ، اجْتَمَعَ مَنْ كَانَ بِالسَّوَادِ مِمَّنْ يَعْتَقِدُ مَذْهَبَ الْقَرَامِطَةِ فَيَكْتُمُ اعْتِقَادَهُ خَوْفًا، فَأَظْهَرُوا اعْتِقَادَهُمْ، فَاجْتَمَعَ مِنْهُمْ بِسَوَادِ وَاسِطَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ آلَافِ رَجُلٍ، وَوَلَّوْا أَمْرَهُمْ رَجُلًا يُعْرَفُ بِحُرَيْثِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَاجْتَمَعَ طَائِفَةٌ أُخْرَى بِعَيْنِ التَّمْرِ وَنَوَاحِيهَا فِي جَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَوَلَّوْا أَمْرَهُمْ إِنْسَانًا يُسَمَّى عِيسَى بْنَ مُوسَى، وَكَانُوا يَدْعُونَ إِلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ. وَسَارَ عِيسَى إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، وَنَزَلَ بِظَاهِرِهَا، وَجَبَى الْخَرَاجَ، وَصَرَفَ الْعُمَّالَ عَنِ السَّوَادِ. وَسَارَ حُرَيْثُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ إِلَى أَعْمَالِ الْمُوَفَّقِيِّ وَبَنَى بِهَا دَارًا سَمَّاهَا دَارَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَى تِلْكَ النَّاحِيَةِ، فَكَانُوا يَنْهَبُونَ، وَيَسْبُونَ، وَيَقْتُلُونَ، وَكَانَ يَتَقَلَّدُ الْحَرْبَ بِوَاسِطَ بُنِّيُّ بْنُ نَفِيسٍ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَهَزَمُوهُ، فَسَيَّرَ الْمُقْتَدِرُ بِاللَّهِ إِلَى حُرَيْثِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ هَارُونَ بْنَ غَرِيبٍ، وَإِلَى عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى وَمَنْ مَعَهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ صَافِيًا الْبَصْرِيَّ، فَأَوْقَعَ بِهِمْ هَارُونُ، وَأَوْقَعَ صَافِي بِمَنْ سَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَانْهَزَمَتِ الْقَرَامِطَةُ، وَأُسِرَ مِنْهُمْ كَثِيرٌ، وَقُتِلَ أَكْثَرُ مِمَّنْ أُسِرَ، وَأُخِذَتْ أَعْلَامُهُمْ، وَكَانَتْ بِيضًا، وَعَلَيْهَا مَكْتُوبٌ: وَنُرِيدُ أَنْ نَمُنَّ عَلَى الَّذِينَ اسْتُضْعِفُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَنَجْعَلَهُمْ أَئِمَّةً وَنَجْعَلَهُمُ الْوَارِثِينَ فَفَرِحَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِذَلِكَ فَرَحًا شَدِيدًا وَطَابَتْ أَنْفُسُ أَهْلِ بَغْدَادَ وَانْكَسَرَ شَرُّ الْقَرَامِطَةِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا قَدْ نَشَأُوا وَكَثُرُوا وَأَظْهَرُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ بِأَرْضِ الْعِرَاقِ، وَنَهَبُوا كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْقُرَى، وَفَوَّضُوا أَمْرَهُمْ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: حُرَيْثُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ - لَا أَسْعَدَهُ اللَّهُ - وَدَعَوْا إِلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ الَّذِي ظَهَرَ بِبِلَادِ الْمَغْرِبِ وَبَنَى الْمَهْدِيَّةَ جَدِّ الْخُلَفَاءِ الْفَاطِمِيِّينَ وَهُمْ أَدْعِيَاءُ فِيمَا ذَكَرُوا لَهُمْ مِنَ النَّسَبِ ، كَمَا نَصَّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَئِمَّةِ الْعُلَمَاءِ
Translation
✧ Reports of the Qarāmiṭa in the year 316 AH When the Qarāmiṭa departed from al-Anbār, Muʾnis the eunuch returned to Baghdādh, entering it on the third of al-Muḥarram, and Abū Ṭāhir al-Qarmaṭī marched to al-Dāliya by way of the Euphrates, but found nothing in it, so he killed a group of its people. Then he marched to al-Raḥba and entered it on the eighth of al-Muḥarram, after its people had fought him, and he put them to the sword after he had defeated them. So Muʾnis al-Muẓaffar was ordered to march to al-Raqqa, and he marched there in Ṣafar, taking his route via al-Mawṣil, reaching it in Rabīʿ al-Awwal, and encamped there. The people of Qarqīsiyā sent to Abū Ṭāhir seeking amān, and he granted them amān and ordered them that no one should appear by day, and they agreed to that. Abū Ṭāhir dispatched a raiding party against the Bedouin in al-Jazīra, and they plundered them and took their wealth. The Bedouin feared him with intense fear and fled before him, and he imposed upon them a tribute of one dinar per head, which they were to carry to Hajar. Then Abū Ṭāhir went up from al-Raḥba to al-Riqqa, and his companions entered the suburb and killed thirty men of its people. The people of al-Raqqa aided the people of the suburb, and they killed a group of the Qarāmiṭa, and he fought them for three days, then they withdrew at the end of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir. The Qarāmiṭa sent out a raiding party to Raʾs ʿAyn and Kafar Tūthā, and their people sought amān, so they granted them amān. They also marched to Sinjār, plundered the mountains, and besieged Sinjār, and its people sought amān, so they granted them amān. Muʾnis had already reached al-Mawṣil when the news reached him of the Qarāmiṭa's aim toward al-Raqqa, so he hastened his march there, and Abū Ṭāhir departed from it and returned to al-Raḥba. Muʾnis reached al-Raqqa after the Qarāmiṭa had withdrawn from it. Then the Qarāmiṭa marched to Hīt, whose people had strengthened its wall, and they fought him, so he turned away from them to al-Kūfa. The news reached Baghdādh, so Hārūn b. Gharīb, Bunnī b. Nafīs, and Naṣr al-Ḥājib were sent out to it, and the cavalry of the Qarmaṭī reached Qaṣr Ibn Hubayra, where they killed a group. Then Naṣr al-Ḥājib fell ill on the way with a severe fever, but he steeled himself and marched on. When the Qarmaṭī drew near them, Naṣr had no strength to rise and fight, so he appointed Aḥmad b. Kayghalagh as his deputy. Naṣr's illness worsened and his tongue was stricken by the severity of his illness, so they carried him back to Baghdādh, and he died on the way in the last days of the month of Ramaḍān. Hārūn b. Gharīb was put in his place over the army, and his son Aḥmad b. Naṣr was appointed to the office of ḥājib for al-Muqtadir in place of his father. The Qarāmiṭa withdrew to the desert, and Hārūn returned to Baghdādh with the army, entering it on the eighth day remaining of Shawwāl. Those of the Qarāmiṭa who appeared in the Sawād of Iraq When the affair of Abū Ṭāhir al-Qarmaṭī was as we have mentioned, those who were in the Sawād, who held the doctrine of the Qarāmiṭa while concealing their belief out of fear, gathered together and made their belief manifest. More than ten thousand men gathered from among them in the Sawād of Wāsiṭ, and they put their affairs in the hands of a man known as Ḥurayth b. Masʿūd. Another faction gathered at ʿAyn al-Tamr and its environs in a large multitude, and they put their affairs in the hands of a man called ʿĪsā b. Mūsā. They were calling to the Mahdī. ʿĪsā marched to al-Kūfa and encamped outside it, collected the kharāj, and dismissed the ʿummāl from the Sawād. Ḥurayth b. Masʿūd marched to the districts of al-Muwaffaqī and built there a house which he called Dār al-Hijra, and he took control of that region. They plundered, took captives, and killed. Bunnī b. Nafīs held the command of the war at Wāsiṭ and fought them, but they routed him. So al-Muqtadir bi-llāh sent against Ḥurayth b. Masʿūd and those with him Hārūn b. Gharīb, and against ʿĪsā b. Mūsā and those with him at al-Kūfa Ṣāfī al-Baṣrī. Hārūn fell upon them, and Ṣāfī fell upon those he marched against. The Qarāmiṭa were defeated, many of them were taken captive, and more were killed than captured. Their banners were seized; they were white, and on them was written: "And We desired to show favour unto those who were oppressed in the earth, and to make them imams and make them the inheritors" (Q 28:5). The Muslims rejoiced greatly at that, the people of Baghdād were relieved, and the evil of the Qarāmiṭa was broken—those who had arisen, multiplied, and shown their heads in the land of Iraq, plundering many villages and entrusting their affairs to a man called Ḥurayth b. Masʿūd—may God not grant him happiness—and who called to the Mahdī who had appeared in the lands of the Maghrib and built al-Mahdiyya, the ancestor of the Fāṭimid caliphs—and they are false claimants in the lineage they allege for themselves, as more than one of the imams of the scholars has stated.
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