Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3626
The killing of Abu Thabit, amir of Tarsus, and the appointment of b. al-A'rabi
قَتْلِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ الْعَلَوِيِّ فِي سنة سبع وثمانين ومائتين قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ الْعَلَوِيُّ، صَاحِبُ طَبَرِسْتَانَ وَالدَّيْلَمِ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ قَتْلِهِ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا اتَّصَلَ بِهِ أَسْرُ عَمْرِو بْنِ اللَّيْثِ الصَّفَّارِ خَرَجَ مِنْ طَبَرِسْتَانَ نَحْوَ خُرَاسَانَ ظَنًّا مِنْهُ أَنَّ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السَّامَانِيَّ لَا يَتَجَاوَزُ عَمَلَهُ، وَلَا يَقْصِدُ خُرَاسَانَ، وَأَنَّهُ لَا دَافِعَ لَهُ عَنْهَا. فَلَمَّا سَارَ إِلَى جُرْجَانَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ، وَقَدِ اسْتَوْلَى عَلَى خُرَاسَانَ، يَقُولُ لَهُ: الْزَمْ عَمَلَكَ، وَلَا تَتَجَاوَزْ عَمَلَهُ، وَلَا تَقْصِدْ خُرَاسَانَ ; وَتَرَكَ جُرْجَانَ لَهُ، فَأَبَى ذَلِكَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَنَدَبَ إِلَيْهِ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ هَارُونَ، وَمُحَمَّدٌ هَذَا كَانَ يَخْلُفُ رَافِعَ بْنَ هَرْثَمَةَ أَيَّامَ وِلَايَتِهِ خُرَاسَانَ، فَجَمَعَ مُحَمَّدٌ جَمْعًا كَثِيرًا مِنْ فَارِسٍ وَرَاجِلٍ، وَسَارَ نَحْوَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، فَالْتَقَوْا عَلَى بَابِ جُرْجَانَ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ أَوَّلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ وَقَدْ تَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي الطَّلَبِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْهُ قَدْ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَلَّوْا هَارِبِينَ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَأَصَابَتِ ابْنَ زَيْدٍ ضَرَبَاتٌ، وَأُسِرَ ابْنُهُ زَيْدٌ، وَغَنِمَ ابْنُ هَارُونَ عَسْكَرَهُ وَمَا فِيهِ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ بَعْدَ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ جِرَاحَاتِهِ الَّتِي أَصَابَتْهُ، فَدُفِنَ عَلَى بَابِ جُرْجَانَ. وَحُمِلَ ابْنُهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ، فَأَكْرَمَهُ وَوَسَّعَ فِي الْإِنْزَالِ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنْزَلَهُ بُخَارَى، وَسَارَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ إِلَى طَبَرِسْتَانَ. وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ فَاضِلًا، أَدِيبًا، شَاعِرًا، عَارِفًا، حَسَنَ السِّيرَةِ، قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ الْأَسْتَرَابَاذِيُّ: كُنْتُ أُورِدُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ أَخْبَارَ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ لَقَّبُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ، فَإِذَا ذَكَرْتَهُمْ عِنْدَكَ أُسَمِّيهِمْ، أَوْ أُلَقِّبُهُمْ ؟ فَقَالَ: الْأَمْرُ مُوَسَّعٌ عَلَيْكَ، سَمِّهِمْ وَلَقِّبْهُمْ بِأَحْسَنِ أَلْقَابِهِمْ وَأَسْمَائِهِمْ، وَأَحَبِّهَا إِلَيْهِمْ. وَقِيلَ حَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ خَصْمَانِ أَحَدُهُمَا اسْمُهُ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَالْآخَرُ اسْمُهُ عَلِيٌّ، فَقَالَ: الْحُكْمُ بَيْنَكُمَا ظَاهِرٌ، فَقَالَ مُعَاوِيَةُ: إِنَّ تَحْتَ هَذَيْنِ الْاسْمَيْنِ خَبَرًا، قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: وَمَا هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ أَبِي كَانَ مِنْ صَادِقِي الشِّيعَةِ، فَسَمَّانِي مُعَاوِيَةَ لِيَنْفِيَ شَرَّ النَّوَاصِبِ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا هَذَا كَانَ نَاصِبِيًّا، فَسَمَّاهُ عَلِيًّا خَوْفًا مِنَ الْعَلَوِيَّةِ وَالشِّيعَةِ. فَتَبَسَّمَ إِلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ وَقَرَّبَهُ. وَقِيلَ: اسْتَأْذَنَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَضِرَّاءِ الشِّيعَةِ وَقُرَّائِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: ادْخُلُوا، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّنَا إِلَّا كُلُّ كَسِيرٍ وَأَعْوَرَ.
Translation
✧ The killing of Muhammad b. Zayd al-Alawi In the year 287 AH, Muhammad b. Zayd al-Alawi, ruler of Tabaristan and al-Daylam, was killed. The reason for his killing was that when news reached him of the capture of Amr b. al-Layth al-Saffar, he marched out from Tabaristan toward Khurasan, thinking that Ismail al-Samani would not go beyond his own province nor aim for Khurasan, and that there was no one to defend it against him. When he marched to Jurjan, Ismail, who had by then taken control of Khurasan, sent to him saying: "Keep to your own province, do not go beyond it, and do not aim for Khurasan"; and he left Jurjan to him. Muhammad refused that, so Ismail b. Ahmad dispatched Muhammad b. Harun against him. This Muhammad had been the deputy of Rafi' b. Harthama during his governorship of Khurasan. Muhammad gathered a large force of cavalry and infantry and marched toward Muhammad b. Zayd. They met at the gate of Jurjan and fought a fierce battle. Muhammad b. Harun was first defeated, but then he returned after the companions of Muhammad b. Zayd had dispersed in pursuit. When they saw him coming back against them, they turned and fled. Many of them were killed, Ibn Zayd received blows, his son Zayd was taken captive, and Ibn Harun seized his camp and everything in it. Then Muhammad b. Zayd died some days later from the wounds he had received, and he was buried at the gate of Jurjan. His son Zayd b. Muhammad was carried to Ismail b. Ahmad, who honored him and was generous in his lodging, and settled him in Bukhara. Muhammad b. Harun then marched to Tabaristan. Muhammad b. Zayd was virtuous, well-educated, a poet, knowledgeable, and of good conduct. Abu Umar al-Astarabadhi said: I used to report to Muhammad b. Zayd the accounts of the Abbasids. I said to him: 'They have given themselves titles; when I mention them before you, should I call them by their names or their titles?' He said: 'You have latitude in the matter; call them and title them by the best of their titles and names, and what is dearest to them.' It was said that two disputants appeared before him, one named Mu'awiya and the other named Ali. He said: 'The judgment between you two is evident.' Mu'awiya said: 'There is a story behind these two names.' Muhammad said: 'And what is it?' He said: 'My father was one of the sincere Shi'a, so he named me Mu'awiya to ward off the evil of the Nasiba. The father of this man was a Nasibi, so he named him Ali for fear of the Alawiyya and the Shi'a.' Muhammad smiled at him, treated him kindly, and drew him near. It was said: A company of the blind and Qur'an readers of the Shi'a asked permission to enter upon him. He said: 'Enter, for none loves us but every broken and one-eyed person.'
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