Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3337
The Year 233 AH
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ ثَلَاثٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ذِكْرُ الْقَبْضِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الزَّيَّاتِ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ قَبَضَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ الزَّيَّاتِ، وَحَبَسَهُ لِسَبْعٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ صَفَرَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُهُ أَنَّ الْوَاثِقَ اسْتَوْزَرَ ( مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَفَوَّضَ الْأُمُورَ كُلَّهَا إِلَيْهِ ) وَكَانَ الْوَاثِقُ قَدْ غَضِبَ عَلَى أَخِيهِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، وَوَكَّلَ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ يَحْفَظُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ بِأَخْبَارِهِ، فَأَتَى الْمُتَوَكِّلُ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ يَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يُكَلِّمَ الْوَاثِقَ لِيَرْضَى عَنْهُ، فَوَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ لَا يُكَلِّمُهُ، ثُمَّ أَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْقُعُودِ فَقَعَدَ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنَ الْكُتُبِ الَّتِي بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ الْتَفَتَ إِلَيْهِ كَالْمُتَهَدِّدِ، وَقَالَ: مَا جَاءَ بِكَ ؟ قَالَ: جِئْتُ أَسْأَلُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الرِّضَى عَنِّي، فَقَالَ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ: انْظُرُوا، يُغْضِبُ أَخَاهُ ثُمَّ يَسْأَلُنِي أَنْ أَسْتَرْضِيَهُ لَهُ ! اذْهَبْ، فَإِذَا صَلَحْتَ; رَضِيَ عَنْكَ. فَقَامَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ حَزِينًا، فَأَتَى أَحْمَدَ بْنَ أَبِي دُؤَادَ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ أَحْمَدُ، وَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ عَلَى بَابِ الْبَيْتِ ( وَقَبَّلَهُ )، وَقَالَ: مَا حَاجَتُكَ ؟ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ ! قَالَ: جِئْتُ لِتَسْتَرْضِيَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لِي، قَالَ: أَفْعَلُ، وَنِعْمَةُ عَيْنٍ وَكَرَامَةٍ ! فَكَلَّمَ أَحْمَدُ الْوَاثِقَ بِهِ، فَوَعَدَهُ وَلَمْ يَرْضَ عَنْهُ، ( ثُمَّ كَلَّمَهُ فِيهِ ثَانِيَةً فَرْضِي عَنْهُ ) وَكَسَاهُ. وَلَمَّا خَرَجَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ مِنْ عِنْدِ ابْنِ الزَّيَّاتِ كَتَبَ إِلَى الْوَاثِقِ: إِنَّ جَعْفَرًا أَتَانِي فِي زِيِّ الْمُخَنَّثِينَ، لَهُ شَعْرُ قَفَا، يَسْأَلُنِي أَنْ أَسْأَلَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الرِّضَى عَنْهُ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْوَاثِقُ: ابْعَثْ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَحْضِرْهُ، وَمُرْ مَنْ يَجُزُّ شَعْرَ قَفَاهُ، فَيَضْرِبُ بِهِ وَجْهَهُ. قَالَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ: لَمَّا أَتَانِي رَسُولُهُ لَبِسْتُ سَوَادًا جَدِيدًا، وَأَتَيْتُهُ رَجَاءَ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَتَاهُ الرِّضَى عَنِّي، فَاسْتَدْعَى حَجَّامًا، فَأَخَذَ شَعْرِي عَلَى السَّوَادِ الْجَدِيدِ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِهِ وَجْهِي، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ الْخِلَافَةَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ أُمْهِلَ حَتَّى كَانَ صَفَرُ، فَأَمَرَ إِيتَاخَ بِأَخْذِ ابْنِ الزَّيَّاتِ وَتَعْذِيبِهِ، فَاسْتُحْضِرَ، فَرَكِبَ يَظُنُّ أَنَّ الْخَلِيفَةَ يَسْتَدْعِيهِ، فَلَمَّا حَاذَى مَنْزِلَ إِيتَاخَ عَدَلَ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ، فَخَافَ، فَأَدْخَلَهُ حُجْرَةً، وَوَكَّلَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى مَنَازِلِهِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ مَنْ هَجَمَ عَلَيْهَا، وَأَخَذَ كُلَّ مَا فِيهَا، وَاسْتَصْفَى أَمْوَالَهُ وَأَمْلَاكَهُ فِي جَمِيعِ الْبِلَادِ. وَكَانَ شَدِيدَ الْجَزَعِ، كَثِيرَ الْبُكَاءِ وَالْفِكْرِ، ثُمَّ سُوهِرَ، ( وَكَانَ يُنْخَسُ بِمِسَلَّةٍ لِئَلَّا يَنَامَ، ثُمَّ تُرِكَ فَنَامَ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً )، ثُمَّ جُعِلَ فِي تَنُّورٍ عَمِلَهُ هُوَ، وَعَذَّبَ بِهِ ابْنَ أَسْبَاطٍ الْمِصْرِيِّ، وَأَخَذَ مَالَهُ، فَكَانَ مِنْ خَشَبٍ فِيهِ مَسَامِيرُ مِنْ حَدِيدٍ أَطْرَافُهَا إِلَى دَاخِلِ التَّنُّورِ، وَتَمْنَعُ مَنْ يَكُونُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَرَكَةِ، وَكَانَ ضَيِّقًا بِحَيْثُ إِنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ كَانَ يَمُدُّ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى فَوْقِ رَأْسِهِ; لِيَقْدِرَ عَلَى دُخُولِهِ لِضِيقِهِ، وَلَا يَقْدِرُ مَنْ يَكُونُ فِيهِ يَجْلِسُ، فَبَقِيَ أَيَّامًا، فَمَاتَ. ( وَكَانَ حَبْسُهُ لِسَبْعٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ صَفَرَ، وَمَوْتُهُ ) إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ بَقِيَتْ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ، وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي سَبَبِ مَوْتِهِ، فَقِيلَ كَمَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ، وَقِيلَ: بَلْ ضُرِبَ فَمَاتَ وَهُوَ يُضْرَبُ، وَقِيلَ مَاتَ بِغَيْرِ ضَرْبٍ، وَهُوَ أَصَحُّ. فَلَمَّا مَاتَ حَضَرَهُ ابْنَاهُ سُلَيْمَانُ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، وَكَانَا مَحْبُوسَيْنِ، وَطُرِحَ عَلَى الْبَابِ فِي قَمِيصِهِ الَّذِي حُبِسَ فِيهِ، فَقَالَا: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَرَاحَ مِنْ هَذَا الْفَاسِقِ ! وَغَسَّلَاهُ عَلَى الْبَابِ، وَدَفَنَاهُ، فَقِيلَ إِنَّ الْكِلَابَ نَبَشَتْهُ وَأَكَلَتْ لَحْمَهُ. قَالَ: وَسُمِعَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ يَقُولُ لِنَفْسِهِ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ لَمْ تُقْنِعْكَ النِّعْمَةُ، وَالدَّوَابُّ، وَالدَّارُ النَّظِيفَةُ، وَالْكُسْوَةُ الْفَاخِرَةُ، وَأَنْتَ فِي عَافِيَةٍ، حَتَّى طَلَبْتَ الْوِزَارَةَ، ذُقْ مَا عَمِلْتَ بِنَفْسِكَ، ثُمَّ سَكَتَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَى التَّشَهُّدِ، وَذِكْرِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَكَانَ ابْنُ الزَّيَّاتِ صَدِيقًا لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ الصُّولِيِّ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَ الْوِزَارَةَ، صَادَرَهُ بِأَلْفِ أَلْفٍ وَخَمْسِ مِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَقَالَ الصُّولِيُّ: وَكُنْتَ أَخِي بِرَخَاءِ الزَّمَانِ فَلَمَّا نَبَا صِرْتَ حَرْبًا عَوَانَا وَكُنْتُ أَذُمُّ إِلَيْكَ الزَّمَانَ فَأَصْبَحْتُ مِنْكَ أَذُمُّ الزَّمَانَا وَكُنْتُ أُعِدُّكَ لِلنَّائِبَاتِ فَهَا أَنَا أَطْلُبُ مِنْكَ الْأَمَانَا وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: أَصْبَحْتُ مِنْ رَأْيِ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ فِي هَيْئَةٍ تُنْذِرُ بِالصَّيْلَمِ مِنْ غَيْرِ مَا ذَنْبٍ، وَلَكِنَّهَا عَدَاوَةُ الزِّنْدِيقِ لِلْمُسْلِمِ غَضِبَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْجُنَيْدِ وَفِيهَا غَضِبَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عَلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ الْجُنَيْدِ النَّصْرَانِيِّ كَاتِبِ سَمَّانَه، وَضَرَبَهُ، وَأَخَذَ مَالَهُ. وَغَضِبَ أَيْضًا عَلَى أَبِي الْوَزِيرِ، وَأَخَذَ مَالَهُ وَمَالَ أَخِيهِ وَكَاتِبِهِ. وَفِيهَا أَيْضًا عُزِلَ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ عَنْ دِيوَانِ الْخَرَاجِ ، وَوَلَّاهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ خَاقَانَ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ مَوْلَى الْأَزْدِ. وَوَلَّى إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ الْعَبَّاسَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صُولٍ دِيوَانَ زِمَامِ النَّفَقَاتِ. وَفِيهَا وَلَّى الْمُتَوَكِّلُ ابْنَهُ الْمُنْتَصِرَ الْحَرَمَيْنِ وَالْيَمَنَ وَالطَّائِفَ فِي رَمَضَانَ. فُلِجَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادَ وَفِيهَا فُلِجَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي دُؤَادَ فِي جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ. وَثَبَ مِيخَائِيلُ بْنُ تَوْفِيلَ بِأُمِّهِ تَدُورَةَ وَفِيهَا وَثَبَ مِيخَائِيلُ بْنُ تَوْفِيلَ بِأُمِّهِ تَدُورَةَ، فَأَلْزَمَهَا الدَّيْرَ، وَقَتَلَ اللَّقْطَ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ اتَّهَمَهَا بِهِ. فَكَانَ مَلَكَهَا سِتَّ سِنِينَ. عَزَلَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْأَغْلَبِ وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ( وَفِيهَا عَزَلَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْأَغْلَبِ، وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ دَاوُدَ أَمِيرُ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ عَامِلُهُ عَلَى الزَّابِّ، وَاسْمُهُ سَالِمُ بْنُ غَلْبُونَ، فَأَقْبَلَ يُرِيدُ الْقَيْرَوَانَ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ بِقَلْعَةِ يلْبسيرَ أَضْمَرَ الْخِلَافَ وَسَارَ إِلَى الْأُرْبُسِ، فَمَنَعَهُ أَهْلُهَا مِنَ الدُّخُولِ إِلَيْهَا، فَسَارَ إِلَى بَاجَةَ، فَدَخَلَهَا، وَاحْتَمَى بِهَا، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ الْأَغْلَبِ جَيْشًا عَلَيْهِمْ خَفَاجَةُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَقَاتَلَهُ، فَهَرَبَ سَالِمٌ لَيْلًا، فَاتَّبَعَهُ خَفَاجَةُ، فَلَحِقَهُ، وَقَتَلَهُ، وَحَمَلَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى ابْنِ الْأَغْلَبِ، وَكَانَ ابْنُ سَالِمٍ عِنْدَ ابْنِ الْأَغْلَبَ مَحْبُوسًا فَقَتَلَهُ ). ذكر عدة حوادث [رَجَفَتْ دِمَشْقُ رَجْفَةً شَدِيدَةً ] وَفِي رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ: رَجَفَتْ دِمَشْقُ رَجْفَةً شَدِيدَةً لِارْتِفَاعِ الضُّحَى، وَانْتَقَضَتْ مِنْهَا الْبُيُوتُ، وَتَزَايَلَتِ الْحِجَارَةُ الْعَظِيمَةُ، وَسَقَطَتْ عِدَّةُ مَنَازِلَ وَطَاقَاتٍ فِي الْأَسْوَاقِ عَلَى مَنْ فِيهَا، فَقَتَلَتْ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا مِنَ الرِّجَالِ وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، وَسَقَطَ بَعْضُ شُرَافَاتِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْجَامِعِ، وَتَصَدَّعَتْ طَاقَاتُ الْقُبَّةِ الَّتِي فِي وَسَطِ الْجَامِعِ مِمَّا يَلِي الْمِحْرَابَ، وَانْقَطَعَ رُبْعُ مَنَارَةِ الْجَامِعِ، فَهَرَبَ النَّاسُ بِالنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ، وَهَرَبَ أَهْلُ الْأَسْوَاقِ إِلَى مُصَلَّى الْعِيدِ يَبْكُونَ وَيَتَضَرَّعُونَ وَيُصَلُّونَ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ إِلَى وَقْتِ الْمَغْرِبِ، ثُمَّ سَكَنَ ذَلِكَ، فَرَجَعُوا، فَأَخَذُوا فِي إِخْرَاجِ الْمَوْتَى مِنْ تَحْتِ الْهَدْمِ. وَذَكَرَ بَعْضُ مَنْ كَانَ فِي دَيْرِ مِرَانٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَرَى [مَدِينَةَ ] دِمَشْقَ وَهِيَ تَرْتَفِعُ وَتَسْتَقِلُّ مِرَارًا، وَأَصَابَ أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ مِنْ عَمَلِ الْغُوطَةِ مِنَ الرَّجْفَةِ أَنَّهَا انْكَفَأَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ عَلَى فَرَسِهِ، فَأَتَى أَهْلَ دِمَشْقَ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ. وَأَصَابَ أَهْلَ الْبَلْقَاءِ مِثْلُ مَا أَصَابَ أَهْلَ دِمَشْقَ، مِنْ هَدْمِ الْمَنَازِلِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ، وَذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ، وَتَزَايَلَتِ الْحِجَارَةُ مِنْ سُورِ مَدِينَتِهَا، وَسَقَطَ حَائِطٌ لَهَا عَرْضُهُ ذِرَاعًا فِي سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ ذِرَاعًا، وَخَرَجَ أَهْلُهَا بِنِسَائِهِمْ وَصِبْيَانِهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَزَالُوا فِي دُعَاءٍ وَضَجِيجٍ حَتَّى كَفَّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ بِرَحْمَتِهِ. [عَظُمَتِ الزَّلَازِلُ بِأَنْطَاكِيَّةَ ] وَعَظُمَتِ الزَّلَازِلُ بِأَنْطَاكِيَةَ، وَمَاتَ [مِنْ أَهْلِهَا خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْمُوصِلُ، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ مَاتَ ] مِنْ أَهْلِهَا عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا. [مُطِرَ أَهْلُ الْمُوصِلِ مَطَرًا شَدِيدًا ] وَفِي رَجَبٍ: مُطِرَ أَهْلُ الْمُوصِلِ مَطَرًا شَدِيدًا، وَسَقَطَ بَرْدٌ مُخَتَّمٌ كَالسُّكَّرِ وَبَعْضُهُ كَبَيْضِ الْحَمَامِ، فَسَدَّ مَجَارِيَ الْمَاءِ، ثُمَّ سَالَ وَادٍ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الْبَرِّيَّةِ ذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسِلْ قَطُّ، فَمَا زَالُوا كَذَلِكَ فِي ضَجَّةٍ حَتَّى أَتَى رُبْعُ اللَّيْلِ، وَحَمَلَ الْمَاءُ قُومَا فَغَرَّقَتْهُمْ وَوَقَعَتِ الدُّورُ عَلَى بَعْضِهِمْ فَقَتَلَتْهُمْ، وَكَانَ مَا سَقَطَ وَتَهَدَّمَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَلْفَيْ دَارٍ. وَقَطَعَ الْمَاءُ رَحَى كَانَتْ مَبْنِيَّةً مِنْ رَصَاصٍ، فَجَرَىَ [الْمَاءُ ] فِيهَا، وَلَوْلَا ذَلِكَ لَغَرِقَ أَهْلُ الْمُوصِلِ أَجْمَعِينَ. وَفُقِدَ فِي بُسْتَانٍ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ مِائَتَيْ نَخْلَةٍ بِأُصُولِهَا فَلَمْ يَبِنْ لَهَا أَثَرُ، وَكَانَتْ مَعَهَا زَلْزَلَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ وَصَوَاعِقُ دُفِنَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ وَالَّذِينَ غَرِقُوا أَكْثَرُ. [غَضَبُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ ] وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ: غَضِبَ الْمُتَوَكِّلُ عَلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، فَوُجِدَ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَقَبَضَ جَوَارِيَهُ وَفَرْشَهُ، وَقُيِّدَ بِثَلَاثِينَ رِطْلًا مِنَ الْحَدِيدِ، وَأُحْضِرَ مَوْلَاهُ نَصْرٌ، فَحَمَلَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَحَمَلَ نَصْرٌ مِنْ مَالِ نَفْسِهِ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَأُصِيبَ لَهُ فِي الْأَهْوَازَ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَلِأَخِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَرَجِ مِائةُ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ وَخَمْسُونَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَحُمِلَ مِنْ دَارِهِ مِنَ الْمَتَاعِ عَلَى سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ بَعِيرًا فُرَشٌ فَاخِرَةٌ، وَمِنَ الْجَوْهَرِ مَا قِيمَتُهُ أَرْبَعُونَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَأُلْبِسَ جُبَّةَ صُوفٍ وَقُيِّدَ، وَأُخِذَ عِيَاَلُهُ فَفُتِّشُوا فَكُنَّ مِائةَ جَارِيَةٍ، ثُمَّ صُولِحَ عَلَى أَحَدَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ، عَلَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ مَا أُخِذَ مِنْهُ مِنْ ضِيَاعِ الْأَهْوَازِ، وَتُنْزَعَ عَنْهُ الْقُيُودُ [فِي شَوَّالَ. ] وقال عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمُحْسِنِ [التَّنُوخِيُّ ] قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَنَّ بَعْضَ الْمُعَمَّرِينَ مِنَ الشُّهُودِ بِالْأَهْوَازَ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ - أَوْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِهِ - قَالَ: كَانَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ يَتَقَلَّدُ الْقَضَاءَ بِكُورِ الْأَهْوَازِ وَعُمَرُ بْنُ فَرَجٍ الرَّخْجِيُّ يَتَقَلَّدُ [الْخَرَاجَ ] بِهَا، وَكَانَا يَتَوَازَيَانِ الْمَرْتَبَةَ السُّلْطَانِيَّةَ، فَلَا يَرْكَبُ الْقَاضِي إِلَى الرَّخْجِيِّ إِلَّا بَعْدَ أَنْ يُجِيبَهُ وَيَتَشَاحَّانِ عَلَى التَّعْظِيمِ، وَتَوَلَّدَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا عَدَاوَةٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ الرَّخْجِيُّ يَكْتُبُ فِي الْقَاضِي إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، فَلَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى كُتُبِهِ لِعِظَمِ مَحَلِّهِ عِنْدَ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ، وَيَبْلُغُ ذَلِكَ الْقَاضِيَ فَلَا يَحْفِلُ بِهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَوْقَاتِ وَرَدَ كِتَابُ الْمُتَوَكِّلِ عَلَى الرَّخْجِيِّ يَأْمُرُهُ بِأَمْرٍ فِي مَعْنَى الْخَرَاجِ، وَأَنْ يَجْتَمِعَ مَعَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ الْقَاضِي وَلَا يَنْفَرِدُ دُونَهُ، وَوَرَدَ بِالْكِتَابِ خَادِمٌ كَبِيرٌ مِنْ خَدَمِ السُّلْطَانِ، فَأَنْفَذَ الرَّخْجِيُّ إِلَى الْقَاضِي، فَأَعْلَمَهُ الْخَبَرَ وَقَالَ: تَصِيرُ إِلَى دِيوَانِ الْخَرَاجِ لِنَجْتَمِعَ فِيهِ عَلَى امْتِثَالِ الْأَمْرِ، فَقَالَ الْقَاضِي: لَا، وَلَكِنْ أَتَصِيرُ أَنْتَ إِلَى الْجَامِعِ فَتَجْتَمِعُ فِيهِ، وَتَرَدَّدَ الْكَلَامُ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلَى أَنْ قَالَ الرَّخْجِيُّ لِلْخَادِمِ: ارْجِعْ إِلَى حَضْرَةِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَاذْكُرِ الْقِصَّةَ وَأَنَّ قَاضِيَهُ يُرِيدُ إِيقَافَ مَا أَمَرَ بِهِ [أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ]، فَبَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ، فَرَكِبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ إِلَى الدِّيوَانِ وَمَعَهُ شُهُودُهُ، فَدَخَلَهُ وَالرَّخْجِيُّ فِيهِ فِي دَسْتٍ وَكِتَابُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا بَصُرُوا بِهِ قَامُوا، إِلَّا الرَّخْجِيَّ فَعَدَلَ إِلَى آخِرِ الْبِسَاطِ، بَعْدَ أَنْ أَمَرَ غُلَامَهُ فَطَوَى الْبِسَاطَ وَجَلَسَ عَلَى الْبُورِيِّ، وَحَفَّ بِهِ الشُّهُودُ، وَجَاءَ الْخَادِمُ، فَجَلَسَ عِنْدَ الْقَاضِي وَأَرَاهُ الْكِتَابَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلِ الرَّخْجِيُّ يُخَاطِبُ الْقَاضِيَ وَبَيْنَهُمَا مَسَافَةٌ حَتَّى فَرَغَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَا قَالَ الرَّخْجِيُّ لِلْقَاضِي: يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ، مَا هَذِهِ الْجَبْرِيَّةُ ؟ ! لَا تَزَالُ تَتَوَلَّعُ بِي وَتُقَدِّرُ أَنَّكَ عِنْدَ الْخَلِيفَةِ مِثْلِي، أَوْ أَنَّ مَحَلَّكَ يُوَازِي مَحَلِّي، وَالْخَلِيفَةَ لَا يُضْرَبُ عَلَى يَدَيْ فِي أَمْوَالِهِ الَّتِي بِهَا قِوَامُ دَوْلَتِهِ، وَلَقَدْ أَخَذْتُ مِنْ مَالِهِ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَأَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ فَمَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهَا، وَإِنَّمَا أَنْتَ لَكَ أَنْ تَحْلِفَ مُنْكِرًا عَلَى حَقٍّ، وَأَنْ تَفْرِضَ لِامْرَأَةٍ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا وَتَحْبِسَ مُمْتَنِعًا مِنْ أَدَاءِ حَقٍّ، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ [سَاكِتٌ ]، فَلَمَّا ذَكَرَ الرَّخْجِيُّ أَلْفَ أَلْفِ دِينَارٍ وَثَنَّى الْقَوْلَ يُعَدِّدُ بِإِصْبَعِهِ، وَقَدْ كَشَفَهَا لِيَرَاهَا النَّاسُ، فَلَمَّا أَمَسْكَ عُمَرَ [ابْنُ الْفَرَجِ ] لَمْ يُجِبْهُ الْقَاضِي بِشَيْءٍ، وَقَالَ لِوَكِيلٍ: يَا فُلَانُ، قَدْ سَمِعْتَ مَا جَرَى ؟ فَقَالَ: قَدْ وَكَّلْتُكَ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ [وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ ] عَلَى [هَذَا ] الرَّجُلِ فِي الْمُطَالَبَةِ لَهُمْ بِهَذَا الْمَالِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَكِيلُ: إِنْ رَأَى الْقَاضِي أَنْ يَحْكُمَ بِهَذَا الْمَالِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالَ وَالرَّخْجِيُّ يَسْمَعُ، فَقَالَ الْقَاضِي: دَوَاةٌ. وَكَتَبَ الْقَاضِي سِجِلًّا بِخَطِّهِ بِذَلِكَ الْمَالِ، وَرَمَى بِهِ إِلَى الشُّهُودِ وَقَالَ: اشْهَدُوا عَلَى إِنْفَاذِي الْحُكْمَ بِمَا فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ، وَإِلْزَامِ فُلَانِ ابْنِ فُلَانٍ هَذَا [وَأَوْمَأَ إِلَى الرَّخْجِيِّ ] بِمَا أَقَرَّ بِهِ عِنْدِي مِنَ الْمَالِ الْمَذْكُورِ مَبْلَغُهُ فِي هَذَا الْكِتَابِ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَكَتَبَ الشُّهُودُ خُطُوطَهُمْ، وَأَخَذَ الْقَاضِي الْكِتَابَ وَمَضَى، وَأَخَذَ الرَّخْجِيُّ يَهْزَأُ بِهِ وَيَقُولُ: يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ لَقَدْ بَالَغَتْ فِي عُقُوبَتِي، قَتَلَتْنِي ! قَالَ: إِي وَاللَّهِ ! فَكَتَبَ صَاحِبُ الْخَبَرِ إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ بِمَا جَرَى، فَأَحْضَرَ وَزِيرَهُ وَقَالَ: أَنَا مُنْذُ زَمَانٍ أَقُولُ لَكَ حَاسِبْ هَذَا الْخَائِنَ، وَأَنْتَ تُدَافِعُ حَتَّى حَفِظَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا أَمْوَالَنَا بِقَاضِينَا مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، وَرَمَى إِلَيْهِ بِكِتَابِ صَاحِبِ الْخَبَرِ [قَالَ ]: اكْتُبِ السَّاعَةَ بِالْقَبْضِ عَلَى الرَّخْجِيِّ، فَخَرَجَ الْوَزِيرُ وَهُوَ قَلِقٌ لِعِنَايَتِهِ بِالرَّخْجِيِّ، وَقَالَ لِكَاتِبِهِ: اكْتُبْ إِلَيْهِ: [يَا مِسْكِينُ ] يَا مَشْئُومُ. مَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى مُعَادَاةِ الْقُضَاةِ وَأَنْتِ مَقْتُولٌ إِنْ لَمْ تَتَلَافَ أَمْرَكَ مَعَ الْقَاضِي. فَرَكِبَ الرَّخْجِيُّ إِلَى الْقَاضِي فَحَجَبَهُ، فَرَجَعَ خَجِلًا، فَاحْتَالَ فَدَخَلَ مَعَ بَعْضِ خَوَاصِّ الْقَاضِي بِاللَّيْلِ، فَصَاحَ عَلَيْهِ: اخْرُجْ عَنْ دَارِي فَأَكَبَّ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَبَكَى، فَقَامَ الْقَاضِي فَاعْتَنَقَهُ وَبَكَى وَقَالَ: عَزِيزٌ عَلَيَّ وَلَا حِيلَةَ لِي فَقَدْ نَفَذَ الْحُكْمُ ! فَنَهَضَ وَنَفَّذَ بِمَنْ قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ، وَنَصَّبَ الْقَاضِي مَنْ بَاعَ أَمْلَاكَ الرَّخْجِيِّ وَحَمَلَ ثَمَنَهَا إِلَى بَيْتِ الْمَالِ. [قُدُومُ يَحْيَى بْنِ هَرْثَمَةَ ] وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ: قَدِمَ يَحْيَى بْنُ هَرْثَمَةَ. وَكَانَ وَالِيَ طَرِيقِ مَكَّةَ بِعَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ الرِّضَا بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ.
Translation
✧ Then the year 233 AH commenced. Mention of the arrest of Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik al-Zayyāt In this year, al-Mutawakkil arrested Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik al-Zayyāt and imprisoned him on the seventh of Ṣafar. The reason was that al-Wāthiq had appointed Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik as his vizier and delegated all affairs to him. Al-Wāthiq had become angry with his brother Jaʿfar al-Mutawakkil and assigned someone to guard him and bring him news of him. Al-Mutawakkil came to Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Malik asking him to speak to al-Wāthiq so that he might be pleased with him. He stood before him, and he did not speak to him. Then he gestured to him to sit, so he sat. When he finished the documents that were before him, he turned to him as if threatening and said: “What has brought you?” He said: “I came to ask the Commander of the Faithful to be pleased with me.” He said to those around him: “Look, he angers his brother and then asks me to appease him for him! Go, and when you are upright, he will be pleased with you.” He rose from his presence sad, and went to Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād. Aḥmad rose to meet him at the door of the room and kissed him, and said: “What is your need? May I be your ransom!” He said: “I came so that you might appease the Commander of the Faithful for me.” He said: “I will do so, with pleasure and honor!” Aḥmad spoke to al-Wāthiq about him, and he promised him but did not become pleased with him. Then he spoke to him about him a second time, and he became pleased with him and gave him a robe of honor. When al-Mutawakkil left the presence of Ibn al-Zayyāt, he wrote to al-Wāthiq: “Jaʿfar came to me in the guise of effeminates, with hair at the nape of his neck, asking me to ask the Commander of the Faithful to be pleased with him.” Al-Wāthiq wrote to him: “Send for him and bring him, and order someone to shave the hair of his nape and strike his face with it.” Al-Mutawakkil said: “When his messenger came to me, I put on new black clothing and went to him hoping that news of his being pleased with me had reached him. He summoned a barber, who took my hair over the new black clothing, then struck my face with it.” When al-Mutawakkil assumed the caliphate, he waited until Ṣafar, then ordered Ītākh to seize Ibn al-Zayyāt and torture him. He was brought, and he rode thinking that the caliph was summoning him. When he drew level with Ītākh's residence, he was diverted to it, and he became afraid. He was put into a room and guarded. He sent to his houses some of his companions who raided them and took everything in them, and confiscated his wealth and properties in all the lands. He was intensely anxious, weeping and brooding much. Then he was kept awake at night with prods of a needle so that he would not sleep. Then he was left, and he slept for a day and a night. Then he was placed in an oven that he himself had made, and with which he had tortured Ibn Asbāṭ al-Miṣrī, and taken his wealth. It was made of wood with iron nails whose points were inside the oven, preventing anyone inside from moving. It was so narrow that a person would stretch his hands above his head in order to enter because of its narrowness, and anyone inside could not sit. He remained for days, then died. His imprisonment was on the seventh of Ṣafar, and his death on the eleventh remaining of Rabīʿ al-Awwal. There is disagreement about the cause of his death: it is said as we have mentioned; and it is said that he was beaten and died while being beaten; and it is said that he died without beating, and this is more correct. When he died, his two sons Sulaymān and ʿUbayd Allāh, who had been imprisoned, attended him. He was thrown at the door in the shirt in which he had been imprisoned. They said: “Praise be to God who has given rest from this dissolute man!” They washed him at the door and buried him. It is said that dogs exhumed him and ate his flesh. He said: Before his death, he was heard saying to himself: “O Muḥammad, blessing did not satisfy you, nor riding animals, nor a clean house, nor fine clothing, while you were in well-being, until you sought the vizierate. Taste what you have done to yourself.” Then he fell silent about that, and he would not go beyond the testimony of faith and the remembrance of God, Mighty and Majestic. Ibn al-Zayyāt was a friend of Ibrāhīm al-Ṣūlī. When he became vizier, he confiscated from him one million five hundred thousand dirhams. Al-Ṣūlī said: You were my brother in the ease of time, but when it turned hard, you became a fierce war. I used to blame time to you, but now I blame time because of you. I used to count on you for misfortunes, but here I am asking you for safety. And he also said: I have become, because of the opinion of Abū Jaʿfar, in a state that warns of destruction, without any sin, but it is the enmity of the heretic toward the Muslim. Al-Mutawakkil became angry with Sulaymān b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Junayd In this year, al-Mutawakkil became angry with Sulaymān b. Ibrāhīm b. al-Junayd the Christian, the secretary of Sammānah, and beat him and took his wealth. He also became angry with Abū al-Wazīr, and took his wealth and the wealth of his brother and his secretary. In this year also, al-Faḍl b. Marwān was dismissed from the dīwān of the kharāj, and Yaḥyā b. Khāqān al-Khurāsānī, a client of al-Azd, was appointed to it. And he appointed Ibrāhīm b. al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad b. Ṣūl to the dīwān of control of expenditures. In this year, al-Mutawakkil appointed his son al-Muntaṣir over the two Holy Sanctuaries, Yemen, and al-Ṭāʾif in Ramaḍān. Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād suffered a stroke In this year, Aḥmad b. Abī Duʾād suffered a stroke in Jumādā al-Ākhirah. Mīkhāʾīl b. Tawfīl attacked his mother Tadūrah In this year, Mīkhāʾīl b. Tawfīl attacked his mother Tadūrah and forced her into the monastery, and killed the foundling because he suspected her because of him. He ruled her for six years. He dismissed Muḥammad b. al-Aghlab, and Muḥammad b. Dāwūd led the pilgrimage in this year In this year, he dismissed Muḥammad b. al-Aghlab, and Muḥammad b. Dāwūd, the emir of Ifrīqiyah, his governor over al-Zābb, whose name was Sālim b. Ghalbūn, led the pilgrimage in this year. He set out intending al-Qayrawān. When he reached the fortress of Yalbasīr, he secretly resolved to rebel and marched to al-Urbus. Its people prevented him from entering it, so he marched to Bājah and entered it and fortified himself there. Ibn al-Aghlab sent against him an army under Khafājah b. Sufyān. He encamped before him and fought him. Sālim fled by night, and Khafājah pursued him, overtook him, and killed him, and carried his head to Ibn al-Aghlab. Ibn Sālim was imprisoned with Ibn al-Aghlab, so he killed him. Mention of several events Damascus was shaken by a severe earthquake In Rabīʿ al-Ākhir, Damascus was shaken by a severe earthquake at forenoon. Houses were destroyed by it, great stones were displaced, and several houses and arches in the markets collapsed on those inside, killing many men, women, and children. Some of the battlements of the congregational mosque fell, and the arches of the dome in the middle of the mosque, next to the miḥrāb, cracked. A quarter of the minaret of the mosque broke off. People fled with women and children, and the people of the markets fled to the prayer ground, weeping, supplicating, praying, and asking forgiveness until sunset. Then it subsided, and they returned and began extracting the dead from under the rubble. Some of those who were in the monastery of Mirān mentioned that he saw the city of Damascus rising and lifting repeatedly. The people of a village in the district of al-Ghūṭah were struck by the earthquake such that it collapsed upon them, and none of them escaped except one man on his horse, who came to the people of Damascus and told them. The people of al-Balqāʾ suffered the same as the people of Damascus, from the destruction of houses on that day and at that time, and stones were displaced from the wall of their city, and a wall of theirs fell, whose width was one cubit by sixteen cubits. Its people went out with their women and children, and they continued in supplication and clamor until God withheld it from them by His mercy. The earthquakes were severe in Antioch The earthquakes were severe in Antioch, and many of its people died. Likewise al-Mawṣil, and it is said that twenty thousand of its people died. The people of al-Mawṣil were rained upon with a heavy rain In Rajab, the people of al-Mawṣil were rained upon with a heavy rain, and hail fell, sealed like sugar and some like pigeon eggs, blocking watercourses. Then a wadi from the direction of the desert flowed, which they mentioned had never flowed before. They remained in clamor until a quarter of the night had passed, and the water carried people and drowned them, and houses fell on some and killed them. More than two thousand houses fell and were destroyed. The water cut through a mill that was built of lead, and the water flowed through it. Had it not been for that, all the people of al-Mawṣil would have drowned. More than two hundred palm trees with their roots disappeared in a garden, leaving no trace, and there was a severe earthquake with it and thunderbolts. More than ten thousand were buried, and those who drowned were more. Al-Mutawakkil's anger at ʿUmar b. al-Faraj In this year, al-Mutawakkil became angry with ʿUmar b. al-Faraj, and that was in Ramaḍān. Fifteen thousand dirhams were found in his house, and his slave girls and furnishings were seized. He was shackled with thirty raṭls of iron, and his client Naṣr was brought, and he carried thirty thousand dinars. Naṣr carried from his own wealth fourteen thousand dinars. Forty thousand dinars were obtained for him in al-Ahwāz, and for his brother Muḥammad b. al-Faraj one hundred thousand dinars and fifty thousand dinars. From his house, fine furnishings were carried on sixteen camels, and jewels worth forty thousand dinars. He was dressed in a woolen jubbah and shackled. His dependents were taken and searched, and they were one hundred slave girls. Then he was reconciled for eleven million, on condition that he return to him what was taken from the estates of al-Ahwāz, and that the shackles be removed from him in Shawwāl. ʿAlī b. al-Muḥsin al-Tanūkhī said: My father narrated to me that one of the aged witnesses in al-Ahwāz narrated to him from his father—or one of his family—he said: Muḥammad b. Manṣūr held the judgeship of the districts of al-Ahwāz, and ʿUmar b. Faraj al-Rukhkhajī held the kharāj there. They were equal in sultanic rank, so the judge would not ride to al-Rukhkhajī except after he answered him, and they vied in showing honor. Enmity arose between them from that. Al-Rukhkhajī would write to al-Mutawakkil about the judge, but he paid no attention to his letters because of his great standing with al-Mutawakkil. That reached the judge, and he did not care. Then at some point, a letter from al-Mutawakkil came to al-Rukhkhajī commanding him regarding a matter of the kharāj, and that he should meet with Muḥammad b. Manṣūr the judge and not act alone without him. A senior servant of the sultan's servants brought the letter. Al-Rukhkhajī sent to the judge, informing him of the news, and said: “You will go to the dīwān of the kharāj so that we may meet there to comply with the command.” The judge said: “No, rather you will go to the congregational mosque and we will meet there.” The exchange between them went back and forth until al-Rukhkhajī said to the servant: “Return to the court of the Commander of the Faithful and mention the story, and that his judge wants to halt what the Commander of the Faithful has commanded.” The news reached him, and Muḥammad b. Manṣūr rode to the dīwān with his witnesses. He entered it while al-Rukhkhajī was in it on a dais with his letter before him. When they saw him, they stood, except al-Rukhkhajī, who moved to the end of the carpet after ordering his servant to roll up the carpet, and he sat on the mat. The witnesses surrounded him, and the servant came and sat by the judge and showed him the letter. Al-Rukhkhajī continued addressing the judge with a distance between them until they finished the matter. When they finished, al-Rukhkhajī said to the judge: “O Abū Jaʿfar, what is this tyranny?! You keep vexing me and imagine that you are with the caliph like me, or that your standing equals my standing. The caliph's hand is not restrained in his wealth by which his state stands. I have taken from his wealth one million dinars, and one million dinars, and one million dinars, and he did not ask me about it. You only have to swear denying a right, and to impose for a woman upon her husband, and to imprison one who refuses to pay a right.” And Abū Jaʿfar remained silent. When al-Rukhkhajī mentioned one million dinars and repeated the words, counting on his fingers, and he had uncovered them for people to see. When ʿUmar b. al-Faraj stopped, the judge did not answer him with anything, and said to an agent: “O so-and-so, have you heard what happened?” He said: “I have appointed you for the Commander of the Faithful and for the Muslims against this man to demand from him this wealth on their behalf.” The agent said to him: “If the judge sees fit to rule this wealth for the Muslims.” He said, while al-Rukhkhajī listened, the judge said: “An inkwell.” The judge wrote a legal record in his own hand for that wealth, and threw it to the witnesses and said: “Bear witness to my execution of the ruling contained in this document, and the obligation of so-and-so son of so-and-so”—and he gestured to al-Rukhkhajī—“for what he acknowledged before me of the wealth mentioned, its amount in this document, for the Muslims.” The witnesses wrote their signatures, and the judge took the document and left. Al-Rukhkhajī began mocking him and saying: “O Abū Jaʿfar, you have gone far in punishing me, you have killed me!” He said: “Yes, by God!” The intelligence officer wrote to al-Mutawakkil about what had happened. He summoned his vizier and said: “I have been telling you for a long time to call this traitor to account, and you have been deflecting until God preserved our wealth for us by our judge Muḥammad b. Manṣūr.” And he threw the intelligence officer's letter to him and said: “Write now to arrest al-Rukhkhajī.” The vizier went out anxious because of his concern for al-Rukhkhajī, and said to his secretary: “Write to him: O wretched one, O ill-omened one. What called you to enmity with judges while you are a dead man if you do not repair your affair with the judge.” Al-Rukhkhajī rode to the judge, but he barred him, and he returned ashamed. He devised a trick and entered at night with one of the judge's close associates. The judge shouted at him: “Get out of my house!” He fell upon his head and wept. The judge rose, embraced him, and wept, and said: “It is hard for me, but I have no device, for the ruling has been executed!” He rose and carried out the arrest of him, and the judge appointed someone who sold al-Rukhkhajī's properties and carried their price to the public treasury. The arrival of Yaḥyā b. Harthamah In this year, Yaḥyā b. Harthamah arrived. He was the governor of the road to Makkah, bringing ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Riḍā b. Mūsā b. Jaʿfar from Madinah.
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