Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3316
The Year 224 AH
ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ: وَيُكَنَّى أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ، وَأُمُّهُ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ، يُقَالُ لَهَا: شَكْلَةُ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ أَسْوَدَ اللَّوْنِ، شَدِيدَ السَّوَادِ، عَظِيمَ الْجُثَّةِ، وَلَمْ يُرَ فِي أَوْلَادِ الْخُلَفَاءِ أَفْصَحُ مِنْهُ، وَلَا أَجْوَدُ شِعْرًا، وَكَانَ كَرِيمًا، بُويِعَ لَهُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْمَأْمُونِ فِي سَنَةِ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ تِسْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَشَهْرَيْنِ وَخَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا السَّبَبَ، وَأَنَّ الْمَأْمُونَ بَايَعَ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضَى بِوِلَايَةِ الْعَهْدِ، فَغَضِبَ بَنُو الْعَبَّاسِ، وَقَالُوا: لَا نُخْرِجُ الْأَمْرَ مِنْ أَيْدِينَا، فَبَايَعُوا إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَأْمُونُ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ اسْتَتَرَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ، فَأَقَامَ فِي اسْتِتَارِهِ سِتَّ سِنِينَ وَأَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَعَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَكَانَ يَنْتَقِلُ فِي الْمَوَاضِعِ، حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِقُرْبِ جَبَلَةَ، ثُمَّ ظَفِرَ بِهِ الْمَأْمُونُ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً بَقِيَتْ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا قِصَّتَهُ مَعَهُ، وَعَفْوَهُ عَنْهُ فِي حَوَادِثِ تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ بَعْدَ أَنْ عَفَا عَنْهُ إِلَى أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ. قَالَ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ بَعْضِ مَشَايِخِهِ قَالَ: اخْتَفَى إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ زَمَنَ الْمَأْمُونِ عِنْدَ أُخْتِهِ عُلَيَّةَ، وَكَانَتْ تُكْرِمُهُ غَايَةَ الْكَرَامَةِ، وَقَدْ وَكَّلَتْ بِهِ جَارِيَةً قَدْ أَدَّبَتْهَا وَأَنْفَقَتْ عَلَيْهَا الْأَمْوَالَ، وَكَانَتْ حَاذِقَةً رَاوِيَةً لِلشِّعْرِ، وَكَانَتْ قَدْ طَلَبَتْ مِنْهَا مِائَةً وَخَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ [دِرْهَمٍ]، وَكَانَتْ تَتَوَلَّى خِدْمَةَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، وَتَقُومُ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَهَوِيَهَا، وَكَرِهَ طَلَبَهَا مِنْ عَمَّتِهِ، فَلَمَّا اشْتَدَّ وَجْدُهُ بِهَا، أَخَذَ عُودًا، وَغَنَّى بِشِعْرٍ لَهُ فِيهَا، وَهِيَ وَاقِفَةٌ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ: يَا غَزَالًا لِي إِلَيْهِ شَافِعٌ مِنْ مُقْلَتَيْهِ وَالَّذِي أَجْلَلْتُ خَدَّيْهِ فَقَبَّلْتُ يَدَيْهِ بِأَبِي وَجْهُكَ مَا أَكْثَرَ حُسَّادِي عَلَيْهِ أَنَا ضَيْفٌ وَجَزَاءُ الضَّيْفِ إِحْسَانٌ إِلَيْهِ فَسَمِعَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ الشِّعْرَ، وَفَطِنَتْ لِمَعْنَاهُ لِرِقَّتِهَا وَظُرْفِهَا، وَكَانَتْ مَوْلَاتُهَا تَسْأَلُهَا عَنْ حَالِهَا مَعَهُ وَحَالِهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ، فَأَخْبَرَتْهَا فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ بِمَا فِي قَلْبِهِ مِنْهَا وَبِمَا سَمِعَتْ مِنْهُ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ وَالْغِنَاءِ، فَقَالَتْ [لَهَا] مَوْلَاتُهَا: اذْهَبِي فَقَدْ وَهَبْتُكِ لَهُ. فَعَادَتْ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهَا أَعَادَ الصَّوْتَ، فَأَكَبَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجَارِيَةُ، فَقَبَّلَتْ رَأْسَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: كُفِّي. فَقَالَتْ: قَدْ وَهَبَتْنِي مَوْلَاتِي لَكَ، وَأَنَا الرَّسُولُ، فَقَالَ: [أَمَّا] الْآنَ فَنَعَمْ. قَالَ: عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَرْوَرُّوذِيُّ أَنْشَدَنِي إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ: قَدْ شَابَ رَأْسِي وَرَأْسُ الْحِرْصِ لَمْ يَشِبِ إِنَّ الْحَرِيصَ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا لَفِي تَعَبِ قَدْ يَنْبَغِي لِيَ مَعَ مَا حُزْتُ مِنْ أَدَبٍ أَنْ لَا أُخَوِّضَ فِي أَمْرٍ يُنَقِّصُ بِي لَوْ كَانَ يَصْدُقُنِي دَهْرِي بِفِكْرَتِهِ مَا اشْتَدَّ غَمِّي عَلَى الدُّنْيَا وَلَا نَصَبِي أَسْعَى وَأُجْهَدُ فِيمَا لَسْتُ أُدْرِكُهُ وَالْمَوْتُ يَكْدَحُ فِي زِنْدِي وَفِي عَصَبِي بِاللَّهِ رَبِّكَ كَمْ بَيْتٍ مَرَرْتُ بِهِ قَدْ كَانَ يُغْمَرُ بِاللَّذَّاتِ وَالطَّرَبِ طَارَتْ عُبَابُ الْمَنَايَا فِي جَوَانِبِهِ فَصُيِّرَتْ بَعْدَهَا لِلْوَيْلِ وَالْحَرَبِ فَامْسِكْ عَنَانَكَ لَا تَجْمَحْ بِهِ طَلَعٌ فَلَا وَعَيْنِكَ مَا الْأَرْزَاقُ بِالطَّلَبِ قَدْ يُرْزَقُ الْعَبْدُ لَمْ يَتْعَبْ رَوَاحِلُهُ وَيُحْرَمُ الرِّزْقَ مَنْ لَمْ يُوفِ مِنْ طَلَبِ مَعْ أَنَّنِي وَاجِدٌ فِي النَّاسِ وَاحِدَةً الرِّزْقُ وَالنَّوْلُ مَقْرُونَانِ فِي سَبَبِ وَخُطَّةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا مِنْ بَيَانِ غِنًى الرِّزْقُ أَرْوَعُ شَيْءٍ عَنْ ذَوِي الْأَدَبِ يَا ثَاقِبَ الْفَهْمِ كَمْ أَبْصَرْتَ ذَا حُمُقٍ الرِّزْقُ أَعْرَى بِهِ مِنْ لَازِمِ الْجَرَبِ تُوُفِّيَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمَهْدِيِّ فِي رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ [وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ الْمُعْتَصِمُ]. أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَسَدِيُّ الْوَاشِجِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ، أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَسَدِيُّ الْوَاشِجِيُّ الْبَصْرِيُّ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، سَمِعَ شُعْبَةَ وَجَرِيرَ بْنَ حَازِمٍ، وَالْحَمَّادِينَ، وَغَيْرَهُمْ. رَوَى عَنْهُ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْقَطَّانُ، وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَابْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ، وَقَرَأَ الْفِقْهَ، وَكَانَ لَا يُدَلِّسُ. قَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ: حَضَرْتُ مَجْلِسَهُ بِبَغْدَادَ عِنْدَ قَصْرِ الْمَأْمُونِ، فَبُنِيَ لَهُ شِبْهُ مِنْبَرٍ، فَصَعِدَ، وَحَضَرَ حَوْلَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْقُوَّادِ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّوَادُ، وَالْمَأْمُونُ فَوْقَ قَصْرِهِ قَدْ فَتَحَ بَابَ الْقَصْرِ، وَقَدْ أُرْسِلَ سِتْرٌ يَشِفُّ وَهُوَ خَلْفَهُ، يَكْتُبُ مَا يُمْلِي، وَحَرَّزَ مَنْ حَضَرَ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ رَجُلٍ، وَكَانَ لَا يُسْأَلُ عَنْ حَدِيثٍ إِلَّا حَدَّثَ مِنْ حِفْظِهِ، وَلِيَ قَضَاءَ مَكَّةَ [فِي] سَنَةِ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ عُزِلَ [عَنْهَا] فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ بِهَا حَتَّى تُوَفِّيَ فِي رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. شَيْبَانُ الْمُصَابُ شَيْبَانُ الْمُصَابُ. قَالَ سَالِمٌ: بَيْنَمَا أَنَا سَائِرٌ مَعَ ذِي النُّونِ فِي جَبَلِ لُبْنَانَ، إِذْ قَالَ: مَكَانَكَ يَا سَالِمُ حَتَّى أَعُودَ إِلَيْكَ، فَغَابَ فِي الْجَبَلِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَأَنَا أَنْتَظِرُهُ، فَإِذَا هَاجَتْ عَلَيَّ النَّفْسُ أَطْعَمْتُهَا مِنْ نَبَاتِ الْأَرْضِ وَسَقَيْتُهَا مِنْ مَاءِ الْغُدْرَانِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ الثَّالِثِ رَجَعَ إِلَيَّ مُتَغَيِّرَ اللَّوْنِ، ذَاهِبَ الْعَقْلِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ [بَعْدَ مَا رَجَعَتْ إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ]: يَا أَبَا الْفَيْضِ، أَسَبْعٌ عَارَضَكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا، دَعْنِي مِنْ تَخْوِيفِ الْبَشَرِيَّةِ، إِنِّي دَخَلْتُ كَهْفًا مِنْ كُهُوفِ هَذَا الْجَبَلِ، فَرَأَيْتُ رَجُلًا أَبْيَضَ الرَّأْسِ وَاللِّحْيَةِ شَعْثًا أَغْبَرَ، نَحِيفًا نَحِيلًا، كَأَنَّمَا أُخْرِجَ مِنْ قَبْرِهِ، ذَا مَنْظَرٍ مَهُولٍ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَ مَا سَلَّمَ، فَرَدَّ عَلَيَّ السَّلَامَ وَقَالَ: الصَّلَاةَ، فَمَا زَالَ رَاكِعًا وَسَاجِدًا حَتَّى صَلَّى الْعَصْرَ وَاسْتَنَدَ إِلَى حَجَرٍ بِحِذَاءِ الْمِحْرَابِ يُسَبِّحُ وَلَا يُكَلِّمُنِي، فَبَدَأْتُهُ بِالْكَلَامِ وَقُلْتُ لَهُ: رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ، تَوَصَّنِي بِشَيْءٍ، ادْعُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِي بِدَعْوَةٍ. فَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، آنَسَكَ اللَّهُ بِقُرْبِهِ، ثُمَّ سَكَتَ، فَقُلْتُ: زِدْنِي. قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ مَنْ آنَسَهُ بِقُرْبِهِ أَعْطَاهُ أَرْبَعَ خِصَالٍ: عِزًّا مِنْ غَيْرِ عَشِيرَةٍ، وَعِلْمًا مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلَبٍ، وَغِنًى مِنْ غَيْرِ مَالٍ، وَأُنْسًا مِنْ غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ. ثُمَّ شَهِقَ شَهْقَةً فَلَمْ يُفِقْ إِلَّا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ حَتَّى تَوَهَّمْتُ أَنَّهُ مَيِّتٌ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ قَامَ وَتَوَضَّأَ مِنْ عَيْنِ مَاءٍ إِلَى جَنْبِ الْكَهْفِ، وَقَالَ لِي: يَا بُنَيَّ [كَمْ فَاتَنِي] مِنَ الْفَرَائِضِ؟ صَلَاةٌ أَوْ صَلَاتَانِ أَوْ ثَلَاثٌ ؟ قُلْتُ: قَدْ فَاتَتْكَ صَلَاةُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ بِلَيَالِيهِنَّ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ حُبَّ الْحَبِيبِ هَيَّجَ شَوْقِي ثُمَّ حُبُّ الْحَبِيبِ أَذْهَلَ عَقْلِي وَقَدِ اسْتَوْحَشْتُ مِنْ مَلَامَةِ الْمَخْلُوقِينَ، وَقَدْ أَنِسْتُ بِذِكْرِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، انْصَرِفْ عَنِّي بِسَلَامٍ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، وَقَفْتُ عَلَيْكَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ؛ رَجَاءَ الزِّيَادَةِ [وَبَكَيْتُ]. فَقَالَ: أَحْبِبْ مَوْلَاكَ وَلَا تُرِدْ بِحُبِّهِ بَدَلًا، فَالْمُحِبُّونَ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى هُمْ تِيجَانُ الْعُبَّادِ، وَعَلَمُ الزُّهَّادِ، وَهُمْ أَصْفِيَاءُ اللَّهِ وَأَحِبَّاؤُهُ. ثُمَّ صَرَخَ صَرْخَةً عَظِيمَةً فَحَرَّكَتْهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ فَارَقَ الدُّنْيَا، فَمَا كَانَ إِلَّا هُنَيْئَةً، وَإِذَا بِجَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْعُبَّادِ يَنْحَدِرُونَ مِنَ الْجِبَالِ حَتَّى وَارَوْهُ تَحْتَ التُّرَابِ، فَسَأَلْتُ: مَا اسْمُ هَذَا الشَّيْخِ؟ قَالُوا: شَيْبَانُ الْمُصَابُ. قَالَ سَالِمٌ: سَأَلْتُ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ عَنْهُ؛ قَالُوا: كَانَ مَجْنُونًا. قُلْتُ: تَعْرِفُونَ مِنْ كَلَامِهِ شَيْئًا؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ؛ كَلِمَةً وَجِيزَةً كَانَ يُغَنِّي بِهَا إِذَا ضَجِرَ: إِذَا بِكَ يَا حَبِيبِي لَمْ أُجَنَّ؛ فَبِمَنْ؟! قَالَ سَالِمٌ: فَقُلْتُ: عُمِّيَ وَاللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ. أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ الْمُقْرِي الْمُقْعَدُ الْبَصْرِيُّ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ، أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ الْمُقْرِي الْمُقْعَدُ الْبَصْرِيُّ. سَمِعَ عَبْدَ الْوَارِثِ بْنَ سَعِيدٍ، وَالدَّرَاوَرْدِيَّ. رَوَى عَنْهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ، وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ، وَالدُّورِيُّ. قَالَ: أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ صَاحِبُ عَبْدِ الْوَارِثِ: كَانَ شُعْبَةُ يَحْقِرُنِي إِذَا ذَكَرْتُ شَيْئًا، فَحَدَّثَنَا عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ: أَنَّ كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَضَيْنَا مِنْ تِهَامَةَ كُلَّ رَيْبٍ بِخَيْبَرَ ثُمَّ أَحْمَيْنَا السُّيُوفَا فَسَائِلْهَا وَلَوْ نَطَقَتْ لَقَالَتْ قَوَاطِعُهُنَّ دَوْسًا أَوْ ثَقِيفَا فَلَسْتُ لِمَالِكٍ إِنْ لَمْ يَزُرْكُمْ بِسَاحَةِ دَارِكُمْ مِنَّا أُلُوفَا وَتُنْتَزَعُ الْعُرُوشُ عُرُوشُ وَجٍّ وَتُصْبِحُ دَارُكُمْ مِنْكُمْ خُلُوفَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: وَأَيُّ عُرُوشٍ كَانَتْ؟ ثُمَّ قَالَ: مِمَّا هِيَ، قُلْتُ: وَيُنْتَزَعُ الْعُرُوشُ عُرُوشُ وَجٍّ، وَذَلِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا قَالَ: وَكَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يُكْرِمُنِي وَيَرْفَعُ مَجْلِسِي. كَانَ أَبُو مَعْمَرٍ ثِقَةً ثَبْتًا، لَكِنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ بِالْقَدَرِ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الرُّومِيُّ مَوْلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْمَنْصُورِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ يُونُسَ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الرُّومِيُّ، مَوْلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْمَنْصُورِ. وُلِدَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ يَسْتَمْلِي عَلَى سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، رَوَى عَنْهُ: الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِهِ، وَالْحَرْبِيُّ، وَابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا، وَقَالَ: أَبُو حَاتِمٍ الرَّازِيُّ: صَدُوقٌ. وَتُوُفِّيَ بِبَغْدَادَ فِي رَجَبٍ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي سَيْفٍ، أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ الْقُرَشِيُّ. وَهُوَ بَصْرِيٌّ، هِيَ مَوْلِدُهُ وَنَشَأَ بِهَا، وَسَكَنَ الْمَدَائِنَ، ثُمَّ انْتَقَلَ عَنْهَا إِلَى بَغْدَادَ، فَسَكَنَ بِهَا إِلَى أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَلَهُ ثَلَاثٌ وَتِسْعُونَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ عَالِمًا بِأَيَّامِ النَّاسِ وَأَخْبَارِ الْعَرَبِ وَالْفُتُوحِ وَالْمُغَازِي، وَلَهُ مُصَنَّفَاتٌ. [وَقَدْ] رَوَى عَنْهُ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الثِّقَاتِ، أَهْلِ الْخَيْرِ، يَسْرِدُ الصَّوْمَ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً. قَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ الْمُطَرِّزُ: سَمِعْتُ أَحْمَدَ بْنَ يَحْيَى النَّحْوِيَّ يَقُولُ: مَنْ أَرَادَ أَخْبَارَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ فَعَلَيْهِ بِكُتُبِ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَخْبَارَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَعَلَيْهِ بِكُتُبِ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ. الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْقَاسِمُ بْنُ سَلَّامٍ، أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ. كَانَ أَبُوهُ عَبْدًا رُومِيًّا لِرَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ هَرَاةَ، وَبِهَا وُلِدَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، وَيُحْكَى أَنَّ سَلَّامًا خَرَجَ يَوْمًا وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ مَعَ ابْنِ مَوْلَاهُ فِي الْكُتَّابِ، فَقَالَ لِلْمُعَلِّمِ: عَلَّمَنِي الْقَاسِمُ فَإِنَّهَا كَسْبُهُ. طَلَبَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْعِلْمَ، وَسَمِعَ الْحَدِيثَ مِنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، وَشَرِيكٍ، وَهُشَيْمٍ، وَابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، وَيَزِيدَ بْنِ هَارُونَ، وَخَلْقٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَرَوَى اللُّغَةَ عَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّينَ وَالْكُوفِيِّينَ، عَنْ أَبِي زَيْدٍ، وَأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَالْأَصْمَعِيِّ، وَالْيَزِيدِيِّ، وَعَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ، وَأَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، وَالْكِسَائِيِّ، [وَالْأَحْوَصِ]، وَالْأَحْمَرِ، وَالْفَرَّاءِ. وَصَنَّفَ الْكُتُبَ فِي فُنُونِ الْفِقْهِ وَالْقِرَاءَاتِ، وَالْغَرِيبِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. وَكَانَ مُؤَدِّبًا لِآلِ هَرْثَمَةَ، وَصَارَ فِي نَاحِيَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ، وَكَانَ ذَا فَضْلٍ وَدِينٍ وُجُودٍ، وَمَذْهَبٍ حَسَنٍ. قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ: كَانَ طَاهِرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ حِينَ مَضَى إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ نَزَلَ بِمَرْوٍ، فَطَلَبَ رَجُلًا يُحَدِّثُهُ لَيْلَهُ، فَقِيلَ: مَا هَاهُنَا إِلَّا رَجُلٌ مُؤَدِّبٌ، فَأُدْخِلُ عَلَيْهِ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، فَوَجَدَهُ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِأَيَّامِ النَّاسِ، وَالنَّحْوِ، وَاللُّغَةِ، وَالْفِقْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مِنَ الْمَظَالِمِ تَرَكَكَ أَنْتَ بِهَذَا الْبَلَدِ، فَدَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنَا مُتَوَجِّهٌ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ إِلَى حَرْبٍ، وَلَيْسَ أُحِبُّ اسْتِصْحَابَكَ شَفَقَةً عَلَيْكَ، فَأَنْفِقْ هَذِهِ إِلَى أَنْ أَعُودَ إِلَيْكَ. قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ: [صَنَّفْتُ] "غَرِيبَ الْمُصَنَّفِ" إِلَى أَنْ عَادَ طَاهِرُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ فَحَمَلَهُ مَعَهُ إِلَى سَامُرَّاءَ. قَالَ الْفُسْطَاطِيُّ: كَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ مَعَ ابْنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو دُلَفٍ يَسْتَهْدِيهِ أَبَا عُبَيْدٍ مُدَّةَ شَهْرَيْنِ، فَأَنْفَذَ أَبَا عُبَيْدٍ إِلَيْهِ فَأَقَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ الِانْصِرَافَ وَصَلَهُ أَبُو دُلَفٍ بِثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْهَا وَقَالَ: أَنَا فِي جَنَبَةِ رَجُلٍ مَا يُحْوِجُنِي إِلَى صِلَةِ أَحَدٍ وَلَا آخُذُ مَا فِيهِ عَلَيَّ نَقْصٌ، فَلَمَّا عَادَ إِلَى طَاهِرٍ وَصَلَهُ بِثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ بَدَلَ مَا وَصَلَهُ أَبُو دُلَفٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ [قَدْ قَبِلْتُهَا، وَلَكِنْ] أَنْتَ [قَدْ] أَغْنَيْتَنِي بِمَعْرُوفِكَ وَبِرِّكَ وَكِفَايَتِكَ عَنْهَا، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَ بِهَا سِلَاحًا وَخَيْلًا، وَأُوَجِّهَ بِهَا إِلَى الثُّغُورِ لِيَكُونَ الثَّوَابُ مُتَوَفِّرًا عَلَى الْأَمِيرِ؛ فَفَعَلَ. قَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ - إِمَّا سَمِعْتُهُ مِنْهُ أَوْ حُدِّثْتُ بِهِ عَنْهُ - قَالَ: لَمَّا عَمِلَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ كِتَابَ "غَرِيبِ الْحَدِيثِ" عَرَضَهُ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ طَاهِرٍ، فَاسْتَحْسَنَهُ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ عَقْلًا بَعَثَ صَاحِبَهُ عَلَى عَمَلِ مِثْلِ هَذَا الْكِتَابِ لَحَقِيقٌ أَنْ لَا يُحْوَجَ إِلَى طَلَبِ الْمَعَاشِ، فَأَجْرَى لَهُ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ. وَأَوَّلُ مَنْ سَمِعَ هَذَا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ: يَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ، وَابْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ. وَكَانَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ يَقُولُ: لَنْ يَضِيعَ النَّاسُ مَا حَيِيَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ. وَقَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ [الْحَرْبِيُّ]: مَا شَبَّهْتُ أَبَا عُبَيْدٍ إِلَّا بِجَبَلٍ نُفِخَ فِيهِ رُوحٌ. وَكَانَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ يُقَسِّمُ اللَّيْلَ أَثْلَاثًا فَيَنَامُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيُصَلِّي ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَضَعُ الْكُتُبَ ثُلُثَهُ. وَتَوَلَّى قَضَاءَ طَرَسُوسَ، ثُمَّ حَجَّ سَنَةَ تِسْعَ عَشْرَ، وَمَاتَ بِمَكَّةَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَقِيلَ فِي الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا، وَقَدْ بَلَغَ سَبْعًا وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَفِيهَا مَاتَ نَاطِسٌ الرُّومِيُّ وَصُلِبَ بِسَامَرَّا. وَمِمَّنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَعْيَانِ أَيْضًا: سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَرْيَمَ الْمِصْرِيُّ. وَعَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْزُوقٍ، شَيْخُ الْبُخَارِيِّ، وَقَدْ تَزَوَّجَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ أَلْفَ امْرَأَةٍ. وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ أَبُو الْجَمَاهِرِ الدِّمَشْقِيُّ الْكَفْرَسُوسِيُّ، أَحَدُ مَشَايِخِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ السَّدُوسِيُّ، الْمُلَقَّبُ بِعَارِمٍ، شَيْخُ الْبُخَارِيِّ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ الطَّبَّاعِ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ رَبِّهِ الْجُرْجُسِيُّ الْحِمْصِيُّ، شَيْخُهَا فِي زَمَانِهِ.
Translation
✧ Mention of those among the notable who died in this year Ibrāhīm b. al-Mahdī: His kunyah was Abū Isḥāq, and his mother was an umm walad called Shaklah. He was born in the year 166 AH. He was black-skinned, very dark, of huge frame. Among the children of the caliphs none was seen more eloquent than he, nor better in poetry. He was generous. He was pledged allegiance as caliph during the days of al-Maʾmūn in the year 202 AH, when he was thirty-nine years, two months, and five days old. We have mentioned the reason: al-Maʾmūn pledged allegiance to ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Riḍā as heir apparent, so the Banū al-ʿAbbās became angry and said, "We will not let the matter leave our hands," so they pledged allegiance to Ibrāhīm. When al-Maʾmūn came from Khurāsān, Ibrāhīm went into hiding and remained in concealment six years, four months, and ten days, moving from place to place, until he stopped near Jabalah. Then al-Maʾmūn seized him when thirteen nights remained of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir in the year 210 AH. We have mentioned his story with him and his pardon of him in the events of that year. He remained after being pardoned until he died. Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Ḥarb said, from one of his shaykhs: Ibrāhīm b. al-Mahdī hid during the time of al-Maʾmūn with his sister ʿUlayyah, who honored him greatly. She had assigned to him a slave girl whom she had educated and upon whom she had spent money. The girl was clever and transmitted poetry. ʿUlayyah had asked of her a hundred and fifty thousand [dirhams]. The girl took charge of serving Ibrāhīm and stood at his head. He fell in love with her but disliked asking his aunt for her. When his passion for her grew intense, he took a lute and sang a poem of his about her while she stood at his head: O gazelle, I have an intercessor to you from his two eyes, and from the one whose cheeks I honored So I kissed his two hands. By my father, your face — how many envious rivals I have over him. I am a guest, and the guest's reward is kindness to him. The slave girl heard the poetry and understood its meaning, due to her subtlety and refinement. Her mistress used to ask her every day about her situation with him and his state, so that day she told her what was in his heart for her and what she had heard from him of poetry and song. Her mistress said to her, "Go, for I have given you to him." She returned to him. When he saw her, he repeated the song. The slave girl bent over him and kissed his head. He said to her, "Enough." She said, "My mistress has given me to you, and I am the messenger." He said, "Now, yes." ʿUbayd Allāh b. Aḥmad al-Marwarūdhī said: Ibrāhīm b. al-Mahdī recited to me: My head has grown gray, but the head of greed has not. Verily, the greedy one for this world is in toil. It befits me, with the refinement I have attained, not to plunge into what diminishes me. If time were true to me in its thought, my grief over this world and my weariness would not intensify. I strive and exert myself for what I cannot attain, while death labors in my flint and in my sinews. By God, your Lord, how many a house I passed by that used to be flooded with pleasures and delight, but the waves of fates flew into its sides, so after that it was turned to woe and destruction. So hold your reins, lest a desire make them bolt. No, by your eye, provisions do not come by seeking. A servant may be provided for whose mounts did not weary, and provision may be withheld from one who did not fail in seeking. Yet I find in people one thing: provision and gift are tied to a cause. And a plan in which there is no clear sufficiency: provision is the most wondrous thing from the people of refinement. O one of piercing understanding, how often have you seen a fool whom provision strips bare as a scab is stripped? Ibrāhīm b. al-Mahdī died in Ramaḍān of this year, and al-Muʿtaṣim prayed over him. Abū Ayyūb al-Asadī al-Wāshijī al-Baṣrī Sulaymān b. Ḥarb, Abū Ayyūb al-Asadī al-Wāshijī al-Baṣrī. He was born in the year 140 AH. He heard Shuʿbah, Jarīr b. Ḥāzim, the two Ḥammāds, and others. Narrated from him: Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Qaṭṭān, Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, Ibn Rāhawayh, al-Bukhārī, and others. He studied fiqh and did not practice tadlīs. Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī said: I attended his gathering in Baghdad near the palace of al-Maʾmūn. A sort of pulpit was built for him, and he climbed it. Around him gathered a group of commanders dressed in black. Al-Maʾmūn was above in his palace with its door open, and a sheer curtain had been let down while he was behind it, writing what was dictated. Those present were estimated at forty thousand men. He was not asked about any ḥadīth but that he narrated it from memory. He was appointed judge of Makkah in the year 214 AH, then dismissed from it in 219 AH. He returned to al-Baṣrah and remained there until he died in Rabīʿ al-Ākhir of this year. Shaybān al-Muṣāb Sālim said: While I was traveling with Dhū al-Nūn in Mount Lubnān, he said, "Stay where you are, O Sālim, until I return to you." He disappeared into the mountain for three days while I waited for him. Whenever my soul grew agitated, I fed it from the plants of the earth and gave it water from the pools. After the third day, he came back to me with changed color and mind gone. I said to him, after he had regained himself, "O Abū al-Fayḍ, did a lion confront you?" He said, "No. Spare me the fear of human frailty. I entered one of the caves of this mountain and saw a man white of head and beard, disheveled, dusty, thin and gaunt, as if he had been taken out of his grave, of terrifying appearance, praying. I greeted him after he had finished, and he returned my greeting and said, 'Prayer.' He kept bowing and prostrating until he prayed ʿAṣr, then leaned against a stone facing the miḥrāb, glorifying God and not speaking to me. I began the conversation and said to him, 'May God have mercy on you. Give me a counsel. Supplicate God, mighty and glorious, for me with a prayer.' He said, 'My son, may God make you intimate with His nearness.' Then he fell silent. I said, 'Give me more.' He said, 'My son, whoever is made intimate with His nearness is given four traits: might without kinsmen, knowledge without seeking, wealth without money, and intimacy without company.' Then he let out a sob and did not recover until after three days, so that I thought he was dead. After three days, he rose, performed ablution from a spring beside the cave, and said to me, 'My son, how many obligatory prayers have I missed? One prayer, or two, or three?' I said, 'You have missed the prayers of three days and their nights.' He said: The love of the Beloved has stirred my longing; then the love of the Beloved has driven away my mind. He continued, 'I have felt estranged from the blame of created beings and have been intimate with the remembrance of the Lord of the worlds. Depart from me in peace.' I said to him, 'May God have mercy on you. I stayed with you for three days hoping for more,' and I wept. He said, 'Love your Master and do not seek a substitute for His love. The lovers of God, exalted is He, are the crowns of the worshippers and the banner of the ascetics; they are God's chosen and His beloved.' Then he let out a great cry that shook him, and he had departed this world. It was only a moment before a group of worshippers descended from the mountains and buried him under the earth. I asked, 'What is the name of this shaykh?' They said, 'Shaybān al-Muṣāb.' Sālim said: I asked the people of Syria about him. They said, 'He was insane.' I said, 'Do you know anything of his speech?' They said, 'Yes, a brief phrase he used to sing when he was distressed: If I were not mad for You, O my Beloved, then for whom?! Sālim said: I said, 'You have gone blind, by God.' Abū Maʿmar al-Muqrī al-Muqʿad al-Baṣrī ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr b. Abī al-Ḥajjāj, Abū Maʿmar al-Muqrī al-Muqʿad al-Baṣrī. He heard ʿAbd al-Wārith b. Saʿīd and al-Darāwardī. Narrated from him: al-Bukhārī, Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī, and al-Dūrī. Abū Maʿmar, the companion of ʿAbd al-Wārith, said: Shuʿbah used to belittle me when I mentioned something. Then he narrated to us from Abū ʿAwn, from Ibn Sīrīn, that Kaʿb b. Mālik said: We settled every doubt of Tihāmah at Khaybar; then we heated the swords. Ask them, and if they could speak, their cutting edges would say, 'Daws or Thaqīf.' I am not of Mālik if they do not visit you with thousands of us in the courtyard of your home. The vines will be uprooted, the vines of Wajj, and your home will become, after you, empty. I said to him, 'And what vines were there?' Then he said, 'What are they?' I said, "'And the vines will be uprooted, the vines of Wajj,' and that is from the saying of God, mighty and glorious: 'fallen in upon their trellises.'" He said: After that he honored me and raised my seat. Abū Maʿmar was trustworthy and reliable, but he held the doctrine of qadar. He died in this year. Abū Muslim al-Rūmī, mawlā of Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Yūnus b. Hāshim, Abū Muslim al-Rūmī, mawlā of Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr. He was born in the year 164 AH. He used to listen to dictation from Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah and Yazīd b. Hārūn. Narrated from him: al-Bukhārī in his Ṣaḥīḥ, al-Ḥarbī, and Ibn Abī al-Dunyā. Abū Ḥātim al-Rāzī said: Truthful. He died in Baghdad in Rajab of this year. Abū al-Ḥasan al-Madāʾinī ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Sayf, Abū al-Ḥasan al-Madāʾinī, mawlā of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Samurah al-Qurashī. He was of Baṣrah — that was his birthplace, and he grew up there. He settled in al-Madāʾin, then moved from it to Baghdad and resided there until he died in this year. It is also said he died in the year 225 AH, at the age of ninety-three. He was learned in the history of the people, the accounts of the Arabs, the conquests, and the military expeditions. He has written works. Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār and others narrated from him. He was among the trustworthy, the people of good; he fasted continuously for thirty years before his death. Abū ʿUmar al-Muṭarriz said: I heard Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-Naḥwī say: Whoever wants the accounts of the Jāhiliyyah should consult the books of Abū ʿUbaydah, and whoever wants the accounts of Islam should consult the books of al-Madāʾinī. Al-Qāsim b. Sallām, Abū ʿUbayd Al-Qāsim b. Sallām, Abū ʿUbayd. His father was a Byzantine slave belonging to a man of Herat, and Abū ʿUbayd was born there. It is related that Sallām went out one day while Abū ʿUbayd was with the son of his master in the kuttāb. He said to the teacher, "Teach me al-Qāsim, for he is his earning." Abū ʿUbayd sought knowledge. He heard ḥadīth from Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar, Sharīk, Hushaym, Ibn ʿUyaynah, Yazīd b. Hārūn, and many others. He transmitted language from the Baṣrans and Kūfans: from Abū Zayd, Abū ʿUbaydah, al-Aṣmaʿī, al-Yazīdī, and from Abū ʿUthmān, Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybānī, al-Kisāʾī, al-Aḥwaṣ, al-Aḥmar, and al-Farrāʾ. He composed books in various branches of fiqh, Qurʾānic readings, gharīb, and other subjects. He was a tutor to the family of Harthamah and came into the entourage of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir. He was a man of virtue, religion, generosity, and good doctrine. Abū al-Ḥasan Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar al-Tamīmī said: When Ṭāhir b. al-Ḥusayn went to Khurāsān, he stopped at Marw and sought a man to converse with him at night. He was told, "There is no one here but a tutor." So Abū ʿUbayd was brought in to him, and he found him the most learned of people in the history of the people, grammar, language, and fiqh. He said to him, "It is a wrong that you remain in this town." He handed him a thousand dinars and said, "I am heading to Khurāsān for war, and I do not like to take you with me out of concern for you. Spend this until I return to you." Abū ʿUbayd said: I composed Gharīb al-Muṣannaf until Ṭāhir b. al-Ḥusayn returned from Khurāsān, then he took him with him to Sāmarrāʾ. Al-Fusṭāṭī said: Abū ʿUbayd was with Ibn Ṭāhir when Abū Dulaf sent to him asking him to lend Abū ʿUbayd for a period of two months. He sent Abū ʿUbayd to him, and he stayed two months. When he wanted to leave, Abū Dulaf gave him thirty thousand dirhams, but he did not accept them and said, "I am in the protection of a man who makes me need no one's gift, and I do not take what would be a deficiency for me." When he returned to Ṭāhir, Ṭāhir gave him thirty thousand dinars in place of what Abū Dulaf had given him. He said to him, "O emir, I have accepted it, but you have already enriched me with your kindness, your goodness, and your sufficiency, so I see fit to buy with it weapons and horses and send them to the frontier outposts, so that the reward may be abundant for the emir." And he did so. Aḥmad b. Yūsuf said — either I heard it from him or it was related to me from him: When Abū ʿUbayd composed the book Gharīb al-Ḥadīth, he presented it to ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṭāhir. He admired it and said, "A mind that impels its owner to produce a book like this is worthy not to be compelled to seek a livelihood." So he granted him ten thousand dirhams every month. The first to hear this book from Abū ʿUbayd were Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn and Ibn al-Madīnī. Al-Aṣmaʿī used to say, "The people will never be lost as long as Abū ʿUbayd lives." Ibrāhīm al-Ḥarbī said, "I have never likened Abū ʿUbayd except to a mountain into which a spirit was breathed." Abū ʿUbayd used to divide the night into thirds: he slept a third, prayed a third, and worked on books a third. He was appointed judge of Ṭarsūs. Then he performed the pilgrimage in the year 219 AH and died in Makkah in the year 224 AH — though it is also said in the year before — at the age of sixty-seven. In that year Nāṭis al-Rūmī died and was crucified in Sāmarrāʾ. Among the notables who also died in this year: Saʿīd b. Abī Maryam al-Miṣrī; ʿAmr b. Marzūq, the shaykh of al-Bukhārī, and this man married a thousand women; Muḥammad b. ʿUthmān Abū al-Jamāhir al-Dimashqī al-Kafrasūsī, one of the shaykhs of ḥadīth; Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl Abū al-Nuʿmān al-Sadūsī, called ʿĀrim, the shaykh of al-Bukhārī; Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā b. al-Ṭabbāʿ; and Yazīd b. ʿAbd Rabbih al-Jurjusī al-Ḥimṣī, the shaykh of his time there.
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