Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3236
The Year 210 AH
ذِكْرُ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ 1180 - إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مِرَارٍ، أَبُو عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيُّ . صَاحِبُ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ، سَمِعَ حَدِيثًا كَثِيرًا. كُوفِيٌّ نَزَلَ بَغْدَادَ، وَحَدَّثَ بِهَا، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَكَانَ يُلَازِمُ مَجْلِسَهُ وَيَسْأَلُهُ وَيَكْتُبُ أَمَالِيهِ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ: أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَغَيْرُهُ، وَكَانَ عَالِمًا بِاللُّغَةِ، ثِقَةً فِيمَا يَحْكِيهِ خَيِّرًا فَاضِلًا، وَجَمَعَ أَشْعَارَ الْعَرَبِ وَدَوَّنَهَا. قَالَ ابْنُهُ عَمْرٌو: لَمَّا جَمَعَ أَبِي أَشْعَارِ الْعَرَبِ كَانَتْ نَيِّفًا وَثَمَانِينَ قَبِيلَةً، وَكَانَ كُلَّمَا عَمِلَ مِنْهَا قَبِيلَةً [وَأَخْرَجَهَا إِلَى النَّاسِ] كَتَبَ مُصْحَفًا وَجَعَلَهُ فِي مَسْجِدِ الْكُوفَةِ، حَتَّى كَتَبَ نَيِّفًا وَثَمَانِينَ مُصْحَفًا [بِخَطِّهِ]. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ ثَعْلَبٌ: كَانَ مَعَ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ وَالسَّمَاعِ عَشْرَةُ أَضْعَافِ مَا كَانَ مَعَ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ مِثْلَ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ فِي السَّمَاعِ وَالْعِلْمِ، دَخَلَ إِلَى الْبَادِيَةِ وَمَعَهُ دَسْتَجَتَانِ حَبْرًا، فَمَا خَرَجَ حَتَّى أَفْنَاهُمَا يَكْتُبُ عَنِ الْعَرَبِ، وَعَمَّرَ طَوِيلًا حَتَّى أَنَافَ عَلَى التِّسْعِينَ. عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُكْثِرُ مِنْ إِنْشَادِ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ: لَا تُهِنِّي بَعْدَ إِكْرَامِكَ لِي فَشَدِيدٌ عَادَةٌ مُنْتَزَعَهْ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا أَبَهْ، إِنَّكَ تُكْثِرُ إِنْشَادَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ. قَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّ، أَنَا وَاللَّهِ أَدْعُو بِهِ فِي صَلَاتِي بِالسَّحَرِ. قَالَ حَنْبَلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: تُوُفِّيَ أَبُو عَمْرٍو الشَّيْبَانِيُّ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ يَوْمَ الشَّعَانِينَ. 1181 - حُمَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الطُّوسِيُّ. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصُّولِيُّ: كَانَ خَبَّازًا، قَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَرَّةً: رَأَيْتُ فِي مَنَامِي قُصُورًا أَوْ بَسَاتِينَ فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذِهِ؟ قَالُوا: الْجَنَّةُ، أُعِدَّتْ لِحُمَيْدٍ الطُّوسِيُّ، فَقَالَ حُمَيْدٌ: إِنْ صَدَقَتْ رُؤْيَاكَ فَالْحُورُ. ثُمَّ أَشَدُّ مِنْ هَاهُنَا يَكْثُرُ. عَنْ أَبِي الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْبَرَاءِ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا قَالَ: مَاتَ حُمَيْدٌ الطُّوسِيُّ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، فَإِنَّا لَجُلُوسٌ نَنْتَظِرُ إِخْرَاجَهُ، إِذْ أَشْرَفَتْ عَلَيْنَا مِنَ الْقَصْرِ جَارِيَةٌ، فَأَنْشَأَتْ تَقُولُ: مَنْ كَانَ أَصْبَحَ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ مُغْتَبِطًا فَمَا غَبِطْنَا بِهِ وَاللَّهُ مَحْمُودُ أَوْ كَانَ مُنْتَظِرًا لِلْفِطْرِ سَيِّدَهُ فَإِنَّ سَيِّدَنَا فِي اللَّحْدِ مَلْحُودُ قَالَ: فَقَتَلَتْنَا وَاللَّهِ وَأَحْزَنَتْنَا. 1182 - عَبْدُ الْوَهَّابِ بْنُ مُوسَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الزُّهْرِيُّ. يَرْوِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ. وَوَلِيَ الشُّرَطَ فِي فُسْطَاطِ مِصْرَ . تُوَفِّي فِي رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. 1183 - عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ قَرِيبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَصْمَعَ، أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ. سَمِعَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَوْنٍ، وَشُعْبَةَ، وَالْحَمَّادَيْنِ. وَرَوَى عَنْهُ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَخِيهِ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، وَأَبُو حَاتِمٍ، وَالرِّيَاشِيُّ، وَخَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ. كَانَ يَعْرِفُ النَّحْوَ وَاللُّغَةَ، وَالْغَرِيبَ، وَالْمُلَحَ . كَانَ الْمُبَرَّدُ يَقُولُ: الْأَصْمَعِيُّ بَحْرٌ فِي اللُّغَةِ لَا نَعْرِفُ مِثْلَهُ فِيهَا، وَفِي كَثْرَةِ الرِّوَايَةِ، وَكَانَ دُونَ أَبِي زَيْدٍ فِي النَّحْوِ. وَقِيلَ لِأَبِي يُونُسَ: قَدْ أَشْخَصَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ إِلَى الرَّشِيدِ فَقَالَ: هُوَ بُلْبُلٌ يُطْرِبُهُمْ بِنَغَمَاتِهِ. وَكَانَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ مَعِينٍ يُثْنِيَانِ عَلَى الْأَصْمَعِيِّ فِي السُّنَّةِ. وَقَالَ يَحْيَى: هُوَ ثِقَةٌ . وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: مَا رَأَيْتُ بِذَلِكَ الْعَسْكَرِ أَصْدَقَ لَهْجَةً مِنَ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ، [وَمَا غَيْرُ أَحَدٍ بِعِبَارَةِ أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: كَانَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ [يَتَّقِي أَنْ يُفَسِّرَ حَدِيثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ] كَمَا يَتَّقِي أَنْ يُفَسِّرَ الْقُرْآنَ. قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: أَحْفَظُ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفِ أُرْجُوزَةٍ. قَالَ: الْأَصْمَعِيُّ قَالَ: أَمَرَ الرَّشِيدُ بِحَمْلِي إِلَيْهِ، فَحُمِلْتُ، فَأَدْخَلَنِي عَلَيْهِ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ وَهُوَ مُنْفَرِدٌ، فَسَلَّمْتُ، فَاسْتَدْنَانِي وَأَمَرَنِي بِالْجُلُوسِ فَجَلَسْتُ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ وَجَّهْتُ إِلَيْكَ بِسَبَبِ جَارِيَتَيْنِ أُهْدِيَتَا إِلَيَّ، وَقَدْ أَخَذَتَا طَرَفًا مِنَ الْأَدَبِ، فَأَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ تُبَوِّرَ مَا عِنْدَهُمَا، وَأَنْ تُشِيرَ عَلَيَّ فِيهِمَا بِمَا هُوَ الصَّوَابُ عِنْدَكَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: لِيَمِضِ إِلَى عَاتِكَةَ، فَيُقَالُ لَهَا: أَحْضُرِي الْجَارِيَتَيْنِ، فَحَضَرَتْ جَارِيَتَانِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَهُمَا قَطُّ، فَقُلْتُ لِإِحْدَاهُمَا: مَا اسْمُكِ؟ قَالَتْ: فُلَانَةُ. قُلْتُ: مَا عِنْدَكِ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ؟ قَالَتْ: مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ فِي كِتَابِهِ، ثُمَّ مَا يَنْظُرُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنَ الْأَشْعَارِ وَالْآدَابِ وَالْأَخْبَارِ، فَسَأَلْتُهَا عَنْ حَرْفٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فَأَجَابَتْنِي كَأَنَّهَا تَقْرَأُ الْجَوَابَ مِنْ كِتَابٍ، وَسَأَلَتْهَا عَنِ النَّحْوِ وَالْعَرُوضِ [وَالْأَخْبَارِ]، فَمَا قَصَّرَتْ، فَقُلْتُ: بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِيكِ، فَمَا قَصَّرْتِ فِي جَوَابِي فِي كُلِّ فَنٍّ أَخَذْتِ فِيهِ، فَإِنْ كُنْتِ تَقْرِضِينَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الشِّعْرِ فَأَنْشِدِينَا شَيْئًا، فَانْدَفَعَتْ فِي هَذَا الشِّعْرِ: يَا غِيَاثَ الْعِبَادِ فِي كُلِّ مَحَلٍّ مَا يُرِيدُ الْعِبَادُ إِلَّا رِضَاكَا لَا وَمَنْ شَرَّفَ الْإِمَامَ وَأَعْلَى مَا أَطَاعَ الْإِلَهَ عَبْدٌ عَصَاكَا وَمَرَّتْ فِي الشِّعْرِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ. فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ مَا رَأَيْتُ امْرَأَةً فِي مَسْكِ رِجْلٍ مِثْلَهَا. وَسَأَلْتُ الْأُخْرَى فَوَجَدْتُهَا دُونَهَا مَا تَبْلُغُ مَنْزِلَتَهَا. إِلَّا أَنَّهَا إِنْ وُوِظِبَ عَلَيْهَا. لَحِقَتْ. قَالَ: يَا عَبَّاسِيُّ، فَقَالَ الْفَضْلُ: لَبَّيْكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ: لُيُرَدَّا إِلَى عَاتِكَةَ، وَيُقَالُ لَهَا تَصْنَعُ هَذِهِ الَّتِي وُصِفَتْ بِالْكَمَالِ لِتُحْمَلَ إِلَيَّ اللَّيْلَةَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ لِي: يَا عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ، أَنَا ضَجِرٌ. وَقَدْ جَلَسْتُ أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَسْمَعَ حَدِيثًا أَتَفَرَّجُ بِهِ، فَحَدِّثْنِي بِشَيْءٍ. فَقُلْتُ: لِأَيِّ الْحَدِيثِ يَقْصِدُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. . قَالَ: لِمَا شَاهَدْتَ وَسَمِعْتَ مِنْ أَعَاجِيبِ النَّاسِ، وَطَرَائِفِ أَخْبَارِهِمْ. فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ صَاحِبٌ لَنَا فِي بَدْوِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ كُنْتُ أَغَشَاهُ وَأَتَحَدَّثُ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ أَتَتْ عَلَيْهِ سِتٌّ وَتِسْعُونَ سَنَةً أَصَحَّ النَّاسِ ذِهْنًا وَأَجْوَدَهُمْ عَقْلًا وَأَكْلًا، وَأَقْوَاهُمْ بَدَنًا فَغَبَرْتُ عَنْهُ زَمَانًا، ثُمَّ قَصَدْتُهُ فَوَجَدْتُهُ نَاحِلَ الْبَدَنِ، كَاسِفَ الْبَالِ، مُتَغَيِّرَ الْحَالِ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ أَأَصَابَتْكَ مُصِيبَةٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قُلْتُ: أَفَمَرَضٌ عَرَاكَ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قُلْتُ: فَمَا سَبَبُ هَذَا التَّغْيِيرِ الَّذِي أَرَاهُ بِكَ؟ قَالَ: قَصَدْتُ بَعْضَ الْقَرَابَةِ فِي حَيِّ بَنِي فُلَانٍ فَأَلْفَيْتُ عِنْدَهُمْ جَارِيَةً قَدْ لَاثَتْ رَأْسَهَا، وَطُلَّتْ بِالْوَرْسِ مَا بَيْنَ قَرْنِهَا إِلَى قَدَمِهَا، عَلَيْهَا قَمِيصٌ وَقِنَاعٌ مَصْبُوغَانِ، وَفِي عُنُقِهَا طَبْلٌ تُوَقِّعُ عَلَيْهِ وَتَنْشُدُ: مَحَاسِنُهَا سِهَامٌ لِلْمَنَايَا مُرِيشَةٌ بِأَنْوَاعِ الْخُطُوبِ بَرَى رَيْبُ الزَّمَانِ لَهُنَّ سَهْمًا تُصِيبُ بِفَضْلِهِ مُهَجَ الْقُلُوبِ فَأَجَبْتُهَا: فَفِي شَفَتِي فِي مَوْضِعِ الطَّبْلِ تَرْتَقِي كَمَا قَدْ أَبَحْتِ الطَّبْلَ فِي جِيدِكِ الْحَسَنِ هَبِينِي عُودًا أَجْوَفًا تَحْتَ شَنَّةٍ تَمَتَّعُ فِيهَا بَيْنَ نَحْرِكِ وَالذَّقَنِ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتِ الشِّعْرَ مِنِّي نَزَعَتِ الطَّبْلَ فَرَمَتْ بِهِ فِي وَجْهِي، وَبَادَرَتْ إِلَى الْخِبَاءِ فَدَخَلْتُ فَلَمْ أَزَلْ وَاقِفًا حَتَّى حَمِيَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِي لَا تَخْرُجُ إِلَيَّ وَلَا تُرْجِعُ [إِلَيَّ] جَوَابًا. فَقُلْتُ: أَنَا [مَعَهَا] وَاللَّهِ كَمَا قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ: فَوَ اللَّهِ يَا سَلْمَى لَقَدْ طَالَ مَوْقِفِي عَلَى غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ يَا سُلَيْمَى أُرَاقِبُهُ فَضَحِكُ الرَّشِيدُ حَتَّى اسْتَلْقَى. وَقَالَ: وَيْحَكَ يَا عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ، ابْنُ سِتٍّ وَتِسْعِينَ سَنَةً يَعْشَقُ؟ قُلْتُ: قَدْ كَانَ هَذَا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَقَالَ: يَا عَبَّاسِيُّ، أَعْطِ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَرَدَّهُ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ السَّلَامِ، فَانْصَرَفْتُ، فَإِذَا خَادِمٌ يَحْمِلُ شَيْئًا وَمَعَهُ جَارِيَةٌ تَحْمِلُ شَيْئًا فَقَالَ: أَنَا رَسُولُ بِنْتِكَ - يَعْنِي الْجَارِيَةَ الَّتِي وَصَفْتَهَا - وَهَذِهِ جَارِيَتُهَا، وَهِيَ تَقْرَأُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامَ وَتَقُولُ لَكَ: إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَمَرَ لِي بِمَالٍ وَثِيَابٍ وَهَذَا نُصِيبُكَ مِنْهُمَا. فَإِذَا الْمَالُ أَلْفُ دِينَارٍ، وَهِيَ تَقُولُ: لَنْ نُخَلِّيَكَ مِنَ الْمُوَاصَلَةِ بِالْبِرِّ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ تَتَعَهَّدُنِي بِالْبَرِّ الْوَاسِعِ حَتَّى كَانَتْ فِتْنَةُ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَانْقَطَعَتْ أَخْبَارُهَا عَنِّي. وَأَمَرَ لِي الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ مِنْ مَالِهِ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ. قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى جَعْفَرِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ خَالِدٍ يَوْمًا فَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَصْمَعِيُّ، هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ زَوْجَةٍ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، قَالَ: فَجَارِيَةٌ؟ قُلْتَ: جَارِيَةٌ لِلْمِهْنَةِ. قَالَ: هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ أَهَبَكَ جَارِيَةً نَظِيفَةً، قُلْتُ: إِنِّي لَمُحْتَاجٌ إِلَى جَارِيَةٍ فَأَمَرَ بِإِخْرَاجِ جَارِيَةٍ فِي غَايَةِ الْحُسْنِ وَالْجَمَالِ وَالظُّرْفِ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: قَدْ وَهَبْتُكِ لِهَذَا، وَقَالَ: يَا أَصْمَعِيُّ خُذْهَا، فَشَكَرْتُهُ، فَبَكَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ، وَقَالَتْ: يَا سَيِّدِي، تَدْفَعُنِي إِلَى هَذَا الشَّيْخِ مَعَ مَا أَرَى مِنْ سَمَاجَتِهِ وَقُبْحِ مَنْظَرِهِ، وَجَزِعَتْ جَزَعًا شَدِيدًا، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَصْمَعِيُّ، هَلْ لَكَ أَنْ أُعَوِّضَكَ عَنْهَا أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، قُلْتُ مَا أَكْرَهُ ذَلِكَ فَأَمَرَ لِي بِأَلْفِ دِينَارٍ، وَدَخَلَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَصْمَعِيُّ إِنِّي أَنْكَرْتُ عَلَى هَذِهِ الْجَارِيَةِ أَمْرًا، فَأَرَدْتُ عُقُوبَتَهَا بِكَ، ثُمَّ رَحِمْتُهَا مِنْكَ، قُلْتُ: أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ فَهَلَّا أَعْلَمْتَنِي قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، فَإِنِّي لَمْ آتِكَ حَتَّى سَرَّحْتُ لِحْيَتِي، وَأَصْلَحْتْ عِمَّتِي، وَلَوْ عَرَفْتُ الْخَبَرَ لَصَبَرْتُ عَلَى هَيْئَةِ خِلْقَتِي، فَوَ اللَّهِ لَوْ رَأَتْنِي كَذَلِكَ مَا عَاوَدَتْ شَيْئًا تُنِكِرُهُ مِنْهَا أَبَدًا مَا بَقِيَتْ. قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: دَخَلْتُ أَنَا وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ عَلَى الْفَضْلِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ. فَقَالَ: يَا أَصْمَعِيُّ كَمْ كِتَابُكَ فِي الْخَيْلِ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: جِلْدُ، قَالَ: فَاسْأَلْ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، قَالَ: خَمْسُونَ جِلْدًا، فَأَمَرَ بِإِحْضَارِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِإِحْضَارِ فَرَسٍ، فَقَالَ لِأَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ: أَقْرَأُ كِتَابَكَ حَرْفًا حَرْفًا وَضَعْ يَدَكَ عَلَى مَوْضِعٍ مَوْضِعٍ. فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: لَيْسَ أَنَا بَيْطَارٌ، إِنَّمَا ذَا شَيْءٌ [أَخَذْتُهُ] وَسَمِعْتُهُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ وَأَلَّفْتُهُ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَصْمَعِيُّ، ثُمَّ فَضَعْ يَدَكَ عَلَى مَوْضِعٍ مَوْضِعٍ مِنَ الْفَرَسِ، فَقُمْتُ فَحَسَرْتُ عَنْ ذِرَاعِي وَسَاقِي، ثُمَّ وَثَبْتُ فَأَخَذْتُ بِأُذُنِ الْفَرَسِ، ثُمَّ وَضَعْتُ يَدِي عَلَى نَاصِيَتِهِ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَقْبِضُ مِنْهَا بِشَيْءٍ شَيْءٍ وَأَقُولُ: هَذَا كَذَا، وَأُنْشِدُ فِيهِ حَتَّى بَلَّغْتُ حَافِرَهُ، فَأَمَرَ لِي بِالْفَرَسِ، فَكُنْتُ إِذَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَغِيظَ أَبَا عُبَيْدَةَ رَكِبْتُ الْفُرَسَ وَأَتَيْتُهُ. وَنَقَلْتُ مِنْ خَطِّ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ الْمَرْزُبَانِيِّ قَالَ: حَكَى أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنَّا يَوْمًا عِنْدَ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ سَهْلٍ وَبِحَضْرَتِهِ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ مِنْهُمُ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ، وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، وَالْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ وَخَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَحَاجِبُ الْحَسَنِ يَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِ الرِّقَاعَ إِلَى أَنَّ وَقَعَ فِي خَمْسِينَ رُقْعَةٍ، فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْنَا فَقَالَ: قَدْ فَعَلْنَا فِي يَوْمِنَا خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا، وَوَقَعْنَا فِي الْقِصَصِ بِمَا فِيهِ فَرَحٌ لِأَهْلِهَا [وَصَلَاحٌ]، وَنَحْنُ نَرْجُو أَنْ نَكُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ مُثَابِينَ فَحَدَّثُونَا فِي حَقِّ أَنْفُسِنَا [فَجَعَلْنَا] نُذَاكِرُهُ الْعِلْمَ، فَتَكَلَّمَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، وَالْأَصْمَعِيُّ وَجَرِيرُ بْنُ حَازِمٍ، وَالْتَجَّ الْمَجْلِسُ بِالْمُذَاكَرَةِ إِلَى أَنْ بَلَغُوا إِلَى ذِكْرَ الْحُفَّاظِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَأَخَذُوا فِي [ذِكْرِ] الزُّهْرِيِّ، وَالشَّعْبِيِّ، وَقَتَادَةَ، وَسُفْيَانَ. فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: وَمَا حَاجَتُنَا إِلَى ذِكْرِ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَمَا نَدْرِي أَصَدَقَ الْخَبَرُ عَنْهُمْ أَمْ كَذَبَ، وَبِالْحَضْرَةِ رَجُلٌ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ مَا أُنْسِيَ شَيْئًا قَطُّ، وَأَنَّهُ مَا يَحْتَاجُ أَنْ يُعِيدَ نَظَرَهُ فِي دَفْتَرٍ، إِنَّمَا هِيَ نَظْرَةٌ، ثُمَّ يَحْفَظُ مَا فِيهِ فَعَرَّضَ بِالْأَصْمَعِيِّ، فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: نَعَمْ وَاللَّهِ يَا أَبَا سَعِيدٍ، إِنَّكَ لِتَجِيءُ مِنْ هَذَا بِمَا يُنْكَرُ جَدًّا، فَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: نَعَمْ، مَا أَحْتَاجُ أَنْ أُعِيدَ النَّظَرَ فِي دَفْتَرٍ، وَمَا أُنْسِيتُ شَيْئًا قَطُّ، فَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: فَنَحْنُ نُجَرِّبُ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ بِوَاحِدَةٍ، يَا غُلَامُ هَاتِ الدَّفْتَرَ الْفُلَانِيَّ، فَإِنَّهُ جَامِعٌ لِكَثِيرٍ مِمَّا أَنْشَدْتَنَاهُ وَحَدَّثَنَاهُ، فَمَضَى الْغُلَامُ لِيُحْضِرَ الدَّفْتَرَ، فَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: فَأَنَا أُرِيكَ مَا هُوَ أَعْجَبُ مِنْ هَذَا، أَنَا أُعِيدُ الْقِصَصَ الَّتِي مَرَّتْ وَأَسْمَاءَ أَهْلِهَا وَتَوْقِيعَاتِكَ فِيهَا كُلِّهَا، وَامْتُحِنَ ذَلِكَ بِالنَّظَرِ إِلَيْهَا. قَالَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ الْحَسَنُ قَالَ: عَارَضْتُ بِتِلْكَ التَّوْقِيعَاتِ لِأَنَّهَا أُثْبِتَتْ فِي دَفْتَرِ الْإِثْبَاتِ، فَأَكْبَرَ ذَلِكَ مَنْ حَضَرَ وَاسْتَضْحَكُوا، فَاسْتَدْعَى الْحَسَنُ الْقِصَصَ بِأَعْيَانِهَا مِنَ الْحَاجِبِ فَرُدَّتْ بِأَسْرِهَا، فَابْتَدَأَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ فَقَالَ: الْقِصَّةُ الْأَوْلَى لِفُلَانٍ الْفُلَانِيِّ قَصَّتُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا وَقَعَتْ أَعَزَّكَ اللَّهُ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا حَتَّى أَتَى عَلَى هَذَا السَّبِيلِ عَلَى سَبْعَةٍ وَأَرْبَعِينَ قِصَّةً. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحَسَنُ: يَا هَذَا، حَسْبُكَ السَّاعَةَ، وَاللَّهِ تَقْتُلُكَ الْجَمَاعَةُ بِأَعْيُنِهَا، يَا غُلَامُ، خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَأُحْضِرَتْ خَمْسُ بُدَرٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا غِلْمَانُ احْمِلُوهَا مَعَهُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، فَتَبَادَرُ الْغِلْمَانُ لِحَمْلِهَا، فَقَالَ: تَنْعَمُ بِالْحَامِلِ كَمَا أُنْعِمْتَ بِالْمَحْمُولِ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ لَكَ وَلَسْتَ تَنْتَفِعُ بِهِمْ وَقَدِ اشْتَرَيْتُهُمْ مِنْكَ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ احْمِلْ يَا غُلَامُ مَعَ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ سِتِّينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، قَالَ: فَحَمَلْتُ وَاللَّهِ مَعَهُ وَانْصَرَفَ الْبَاقُونَ بِالْخَيْبَةِ. عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْمَوْصِلِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَأَلَ الرَّشِيدَ عَنْ بَيْتِ الرَّاعِي: قَتَلُوا ابْنَ عَفَّانَ الْخَلِيفَةَ مُحْرِمًا وَدَعَا فَلَمْ أَرَ مِثْلَهُ مَخْذُولَا مَا مَعْنًى مُحْرِمًا؟ قَالَ الْكِسَائِيُّ: إِحْرَامٌ بِالْحَجِّ، فَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ أَحْرَمَ بِالْحَجِّ، وَلَا أَرَادَ الشَّاعِرُ أَنَّهُ أَيْضًا فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ، يُقَالُ: أَحْرَمَ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ، كَمَا يُقَالُ أَشْهَرَ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الشَّهْرِ، وَأَعَامَ إِذَا دَخَلَ فِي الْعَامِ. فَقَالَ الْكِسَائِيُّ: مَا هُوَ غَيْرُ هَذَا؟ وَإِلَّا فَمَا أَرَادَ؟ فَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: مَا أَرَادَ عَدِيُّ بْنُ زَيْدٍ بِقَوْلِهِ: قَتَلُوا كِسْرَى بِلَيْلٍ مُحْرِمًا فَتَوَلَّى لَمْ يُمَتَّعْ بِكَفَنِ أَيْ إِحْرَامٌ لِكِسْرَى ؟ فَقَالَ الرَّشِيدُ: مَا تُطَاقُ فَمَا الْمَعْنَى؟ قَالَ: كُلُّ مَنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ شَيْئًا يُوجِبُ [عَلَيْهِ] عُقُوبَةً فَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ لَا يَحِلُّ شَيْءٌ مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ الرَّشِيدُ: مَا تُطَاقُ فِي الشِّعْرِ يَا أَصْمَعِيُّ. وقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ: أَنْشَدَنَا الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: إِذَا جَاءَ يَوْمٌ صَالِحٌ فَاقْبَلْنَهُ فَأَنْتَ عَلَى يَوْمِ الشَّقَاءِ قَدِيرُ فَقَالَ: أَتُدْرُونَ مِنْ أَيْنَ أَخَذْتُ هَذَا؟ أَخَذْتُهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ الْعَيَّارِينَ أَكْثِرْ مِنَ الشَّحْمِ، فَإِنَّكَ عَلَى الْجُوعِ قَادِرٌ. عَنِ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ قَالَ: بَيْنَا أَنَا بِالْجَبَّانَةِ بِالْبَصْرَةِ فِي يَوْمٍ [صَائِفٍ] شَدِيدٌ حَرُّهُ، إِذَا أَنَا بِجَارِيَةٍ وَاضِعَةٍ يَدَهَا عَلَى قَبْرٍ وَهِيَ تَقُولُ بِصَوْتٍ حَزِينٍ مِنْ قَلْبٍ قَرِحٍ: هَلْ أَخْبَرَ الْقَبْرُ سَائِلِيهِ أَمْ قَرَّ عَيْنًا بِزَائِرِيهِ أَمْ هَلْ تَرَاهُ أَحَاطَ عِلْمًا بِالْجَسَدِ الْمَسَّتكِنِّ فِيهِ لَوْ يَعْلَمُ الْقَبْرُ مَا يُوَارِي تَاهَ عَلَى كُلِّ مَنْ يَلِيهِ يَا جَبَلًا كَانَ لِامْتِنَاعٍ وَرُكْنَ عَزٍّ لِآمِلِيهِ وَنَخْلَةً طَلْعُهَا نَضِيدٌ يَقْرُبُ مِنْ كَفِّ مُجْتَنِيهِ وَيَا مَرِيضًا عَلَى فِرَاشٍ تُؤْذِيهِ أَيْدِي مُمَرِّضِيهِ وَيَا صَبُورًا عَلَى بَلَاءٍ كَانَ بِهِ اللَّهُ مُبْتَلِيهِ يَا مَوْتُ لَوْ تَقْبَلُ افْتِدَاءً كُنْتُ بِنَفْسِي سَأَفْتَدِيهِ يَا مَوْتُ مَاذَا أَرَدْتَ مِنِّي خَفَقْتَ مَا كُنْتُ أَتَّقِيهِ مَوْتٌ رَمَانِي بِفَقْدِ أَلْفِي أَذُمُّ دَهْرِيِ وَأَشْتَكِيهِ أَمَّنَكَ اللَّهُ كُلَّ رَوْعٍ وَكُلَّ مَا كُنْتَ تَتَّقِيهِ قَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: يَا جَارِيَةُ أَعِيدِي عَلَيَّ لَفْظَكِ، قَالَتْ: أَوَ سَمِعْتَ ذَلِكَ مِنِّي؟ فَأَنْشَدَتْهَا شَعْرَهَا عَنْ آخِرِهِ، فَقَامَتْ تَنْفُضُ ثِيَابَهَا وَهِيَ تَقُولُ: إِنْ كَانَ فِي عِبَادِكَ أَصْمَعِيٌّ فَهُوَ هَذَا. قَالَ الْمَازِنِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ الْأَصْمَعِيَّ يَقُولُ: بَيْنَا أَنَا أَطُوفُ بِالْكَعْبَةِ إِذَا رَجُلٌ عَلَى قَفَاهُ كَارَّةٌ وَهُوَ يَطُوفُ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَتَطَّوَّفُ وَعَلَيْكَ كَارَّةٌ، فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ وَالِدَتِي الَّتِي حَمَلَتْنِي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُؤَدِّيَ حَقَّهَا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: أَلَا أَدُلَّكَ عَلَى مَا تُؤَدِّي بِهِ حَقَّهَا، قَالَ: وَمَا هُوَ؟ قُلْتُ: تَزَوَّجْهَا، قَالَ: يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ، تَسْتَقْبِلُنِي فِي أُمِّي بِمِثْلِ هَذَا؟ فَرَفَعَتْ يَدَهَا وَصَفَعَتْ قَفَا ابْنَهَا، وَقَالَتْ: إِذَا قِيلَ لَكَ الْحَقُّ تَغْضَبُ؟! قَالَ أَبُو مُوسَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى: مَاتَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَقَدْ بَلَغَ ثَمَانِيًا وَثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ بِالْبَصْرَةِ. وقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي الْعَتَاهِيَةَ: لَمَّا بَلَغَ أَبِي مَوْتُ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ جَزِعَ عَلَيْهِ وَرَثَاهُ فَقَالَ: لَهِفِي عَلَى فَقْدِ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ لَقَدْ مَضَى حَمِيدًا لَهُ فِي كُلِّ مَصْلَحَةٍ سَهْمُ نَقَصَتْ بِشَاشَاتِ الْمَحَاسِنِ بَعْدَهُ وَوَدَّعْنَا إِذْ وُدِّعَ الْأُنْسُ وَالْعِلْمُ وَقَدْ كَانَ نَجْمَ الْعِلْمِ فِينَا حَيَاتَهُ فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتْ أَيَّامُهُ أَفَلَ النَّجْمُ [قَالَ ابن الجوزي رحمه الله تعالى: وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ أَبُو الْعَتَاهِيَةِ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ سَنَةَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ. وَقَالَ الْكُدَيْمِيُّ: مَاتَ سَنَةَ سَبْعَ عَشْرَةَ. وَالَّذِي قَالَهُ أَبُو مُوسَى أَصَحُّ، وَيَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ أَبَا الْعَتَاهِيَةِ رَثَاهُ، وَأَبُو الْعَتَاهِيَةِ مَاتَ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ. وَبَلَغَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ ثَمَانِيًا وَثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ بِالْبَصْرَةِ ]. 1184 - عُلَيَّةُ بِنْتُ الْمَهْدِيِّ . أُمُّهَا أُمُّ وَلَدٍ اسْمُهَا مَكْنُونَةُ، اشْتُرِيَتْ لِلْمَهْدِيِّ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَغَلَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ، وَكَانَتِ الْخَيْزُرَانُ تَقُولُ: مَا مِلْكُ أَمَةٍ أَغْلَظُ عَلَيَّ مِنْهَا فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عُلَيَّةَ سَنَةَ سِتِّينَ وَمِائَةٍ. وَكَانَتْ عُلَيَّةُ أَجْمَلَ النِّسَاءِ وَأَطْرَفَهُنَّ وَأَكْمَلَهُنَّ عَقْلًا وَأَدَبًا وَنَزَاهَةً وَصِيَانَةً وَظُرْفًا، وَكَانَ فِي جَبْهَتِهَا سِعَةٌ تُشِينُ، فَاتَّخَذَتِ الْعِصَابَةَ الْمُكَلَّلَةُ بِالْجَوْهَرِ لِتَسْتُرَ بِهِ جَبْهَتَهَا، فَهِيَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اتَّخَذَهَا . وَكَانَتْ كَثِيرَةَ الصَّلَاةِ مُلَازِمَةً لِلْمِحْرَابِ وَقِرَاءَةِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَكَانَتْ تَتَدَيَّنُ وَلَا تَشْرَبُ النَّبِيذَ، وَقَالَتْ: مَا حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا وَقَدْ جَعَلَ فِيمَا أَحَلَّ عِوَضًا مِنْهُ، فَبِمَاذَا يَحْتَجُّ الْعَاصِي؟ وَكَانَتْ تَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَغْفِرْ لِي حَرَامًا أَتَيْتُهُ وَلَا عَزْمًا عَلَى حَرَامٍ عَزْمَتُهُ، وَلَا اسْتَفْزَعَنِي [لَهْوٌ] إِلَّا ذَكَرْتُ نَسَبِي مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَصَّرْتُ عَنْهُ، وَلَا أَقُولُ مَا أَقُولُ فِي شِعْرِي إِلَّا عَبَثًا، وَكَانَتْ تَدْخُلُ عَلَى الرَّشِيدِ فَيُكْرِمُهَا وَيَأْمُرُهَا بِالْجُلُوسِ مَعَهُ عَلَى سَرِيرِهِ فَتَأْبَى. وَكَانَتْ تُحِبُّ أَنْ تُرَاسِلَ بِالْأَشْعَارِ مَنْ تَخْتَصُّهُ، فَاخْتَصَّتْ خَادِمًا يُقَالُ لَهُ " طَلٌّ " مِنْ خَدَمِ الرَّشِيدِ، فَرَاسَلَتْهُ بِالشِّعْرِ، فَلَمْ تَرَهُ أَيَّامًا فَمَشَتْ عَلَى مِيزَابٍ حَتَّى رَأَتْهُ وَقَالَتْ: قَدْ كَانَ مَا كُلِّفْتُهُ زَمَنًا يَا طَلُّ مِنْ وَجْدٍ بِكُمْ يَكْفِي حَتَّى أَتَيْتُكَ زَائِرًا عَجِلًا أَمْشِي عَلَى حَتْفٍ إِلَى حَتْفِي فَحَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا الرَّشِيدُ أَنْ لَا تُكَلِّمَ طَلًّا، وَلَا تُسَمِّي بِاسْمِهِ، فَضَمِنَتْ لَهُ ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهَا يَوْمًا وَهِيَ تَقْرَأُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُصِبْهَا وَابِلٌ فَطَلٌّ فَقَالَتْ: فَالَّذِي نَهَى عَنْهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَبَّلَ رَأْسِهَا وَوَهَبَ لَهَا طَلًّا. وَتَزَوَّجَهَا مُوسَى بْنُ عِيسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْعَبَّاسِ وَمِنْ أَشْعَارِهَا الرَّائِقَةِ: أَوْقَعْتِ فِي قَلْبِي الْهَوَى وَنَجَوْتِ مِنْهُ سَالِمَةْ وَبَدَأْتِنِي بِالْوَصْلِ ثُمَّ قَطَعْتِ وَصْلِي ظَالِمَةْ وَلَهَا: لَيْتَ سَلْمَى تَرَانِي أَوْ تُنَبَّأُ بِشَانِي كَيْ تَفُكَّ أَسِيرًا مُتْعَبَ الْقَلْبِ عَانِي يَا دِيَارَ الْغَوَانِي الْمِلِاحِ الْحِسَانِ جَادَكِ الْغَيْثُ مِنْهُ بِالْغَوَادِي الرَّوَانِي وَلَهَا: الْيَأْسُ بَيْنَ جَوَانِحِي يَتَرَدَّدُ وَدُمُوعُ عَيْنِي تَسْتَهِلُّ وَتَفْقِدُ إِنِّي لَأَطْمَعُ ثُمَّ أَنْهَضُ بِالْمُنَى وَالْيَأْسُ يَجْذِبُنِي إِلَيْهِ فَأَقْعُدُ وَلَهَا: شَغَفَ الْفُؤَادُ بِجَارَةِ الْجَنْبِ فَظَلِلْتُ فِي حَرْبٍ وَفِي كَرْبِ يَا جَارَتِي أَمْسَيْتِ مَالِكَةً رِقِّي وَغَالِبَتِي عَلَى لُبِّي وَلَهَا: فَرِّجُوا كَرْبِي قَلِيلًا فَلَقَدْ صِرْتُ نَحِيلَا وَافْعَلُوا فِي أَمْرِ مَشْغُوفٍ بِكُمْ فِعْلًا جَمِيلَا وَلَهَا: صَرَمَتْ أَسْمَاءُ حَبْلِي فَانْصَرَمَ ظَلَمْتَنَا كُلُّ مَنْ شَاءَ ظَلَمْ وَاسْتَحَلَّتْ قَتْلَنَا عَامِدَةً وَتَجَنَّتْ عِلَلًا لَمْ تُحْتَرَمْ وَلَهَا: أَصَابَنِي بَعْدَكَ ضُرُّ الْهَوَى وَاعْتَادَنِي شَوْقٌ وَإِقْلَاقُ قَدْ يَعْلَمُ اللَّهُ وَحَسْبِي بِهِ أَنِّي إِلَى وَجْهِكِ مُشْتَاقُ وَلَهَا: كَتَمْتُ اسْمَ الْحَبِيبِ مِنَ الْعِبَادِ وَرَدَدْتُ الصَّبَابَةَ فِي فُؤَادِي فَيَا شَوْقِي إِلَى بَلَدِ خِلِّي لَعَلِّي بَاسِمِ مَنْ أَهْوَى أُنَادِي وَلَهَا: لَيْسَ يُسْتَحْسَنُ فِي وَصْفِ الْهَوَى عَاشِقٌ يُحْسِنُ تَأْلِيفَ الْحُجَجِ بُنِيَ الْحُبُّ عَلَى الْجَوْرِ فَلَوْ أَنْصَفَ الْمَعْشُوقُ فِيهِ لِسَمِجِ لَا تَعِيبَا مِنْ مُحِبِّ ذِلَّةً ذِلَّةُ الْعَاشِقِ مِفْتَاحُ الْفَرَجِ ضَمَّ الْمَأْمُونُ عُلَيَّةَ يَوْمًا وَجَعَلَ يُقَبِّلُ رَأْسَهَا، وَكَانَ وَجْهُهَا مُغَطًّى فَتَأَذَّتْ بِذَلِكَ وَشَرِقَتْ وَسَعَلَتْ، ثُمَّ حُمَّتْ أَيَّامًا. وَمَاتَتْ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ عَنْ خَمْسِينَ سَنَةً رَحِمَهَا اللَّهُ. 1185 - مَنْصُورُ بْنُ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْخُزَاعِيُّ. سَمِعَ مِنْ مَالِكٍ، وَاللَّيْثِ، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ: أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، وَيَحْيَى، قَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ: هُوَ أَحَدُ الثِّقَاتِ الْحُفَّاظِ الرُّفَعَاءِ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يَسْأَلُونَ عَنِ الرِّجَالِ وَيُؤْخَذُ بِقَوْلِهِ فِيهِمْ . أَخَذَ عَنْهُ أَحْمَدُ، وَيَحْيَى، وَغَيْرُهُمَا عِلْمَ ذَلِكَ. تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ بِالْمَصِيصَةِ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the prominent figures who died in this year. 1180 - Isḥāq b. Mirār, Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybānī. The authority on Arabic. He heard a great deal of hadith. He was a Kufan who settled in Baghdad and transmitted hadith there. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal related from him and used to keep his company, question him, and write down his dictations. Abū ʿUbaydah and others also related from him. He was a scholar of language, trustworthy in what he reported, virtuous, and excellent. He collected the poetry of the Arabs and compiled it. His son ʿAmr said: When my father collected the poetry of the Arabs, it came from more than eighty tribes. Each time he completed a tribe [and presented it to the people], he wrote out a copy of the Qur'an and placed it in the mosque of Kufa, until he had written more than eighty copies [in his own hand]. Abū al-ʿAbbās Thaʿlab said: Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybānī had ten times the knowledge and audition that Abū ʿUbaydah had, and there was no one from the people of Basra like Abū ʿUbaydah in audition and knowledge. He went into the desert with two inkwells of ink, and he did not leave until he had used them up writing down from the Arabs. He lived long, surpassing ninety years. From ʿAmr b. Abī ʿAmr al-Shaybānī, from his father: He used to recite this verse frequently: Do not insult me after honoring me, for a firmly established habit is hard to uproot. I said to him: Father, you recite this verse a great deal. He said: My son, by God, I use it as a supplication in my prayer at dawn. Ḥanbal b. Isḥāq said: Abū ʿAmr al-Shaybānī died in the year 210 AH on Palm Sunday. 1181 - Ḥumayd b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Ṭūsī. Abū Bakr al-Ṣūlī said: He was a baker. A man once said to him: I saw in a dream palaces or gardens, and I said, "What are these?" They said, "Paradise, prepared for Ḥumayd al-Ṭūsī." Ḥumayd replied: If your dream is true, then the houris are even more wonderful than this. From Abū al-Ḥasan b. al-Barrāʾ, who said: One of our companions related to us, saying: Ḥumayd al-Ṭūsī died in the year 210 AH. While we were sitting waiting for his funeral procession to come out, a slave girl looked down upon us from the palace and began to recite: Whoever has become enviable this day, we do not envy him, and God be praised. Or whoever awaits his master for the breaking of the fast, our master is laid in the grave. He said: By God, she devastated us and grieved us. 1182 - ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Mūsā b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Zuhrī. He related from Mālik and Ibn ʿUyaynah. He was in charge of the police in Fusṭāṭ Miṣr. He died in Ramadan of this year. 1183 - ʿAbd al-Malik b. Qarīb b. ʿAbd al-Malik b. ʿAlī b. Aṣmaʿ, Abū Saʿīd al-Aṣmaʿī. He heard from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAwn, Shuʿbah, and the two Ḥammāds. Those who related from him include: his brother ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd Allāh, Abū ʿUbayd, Abū Ḥātim, al-Riyāshī, and many others. He knew grammar, lexicography, rare vocabulary, and witty anecdotes. Al-Mubarrad used to say: Al-Aṣmaʿī was an ocean in the language, and we know of no one like him in it or in the abundance of his transmission, though he was below Abū Zayd in grammar. It was said to Abū Yūnus: Al-Aṣmaʿī has been summoned to al-Rashīd. He replied: He is a nightingale that delights them with his melodies. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and Yaḥyā b. Maʿīn both praised al-Aṣmaʿī for his adherence to the Sunnah. Yaḥyā said: He is trustworthy. Al-Shāfiʿī said: I have never seen in that army anyone more truthful in speech than al-Aṣmaʿī, nor anyone better in expression than him. Naṣr b. ʿAlī said: Al-Aṣmaʿī used to refrain from interpreting the hadith of the Messenger of God ﷺ just as he refrained from interpreting the Qur'an. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: I have memorized sixteen thousand rajaz poems. He said: Al-Aṣmaʿī said: Al-Rashīd ordered that I be brought to him. I was brought, and al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ admitted me to him while he was alone. I greeted him, and he drew me near and ordered me to sit. I sat. He said to me: "ʿAbd al-Malik, I have sent for you because of two slave girls who were given to me. They have acquired some literary training, and I would like you to test what they know and advise me about them with what you consider right." Then he said: "Let him go to ʿĀtikah and tell her to bring the two slave girls." Two slave girls appeared, the like of whom I had never seen. I said to one of them: "What is your name?" She replied: "So-and-so." I asked: "What knowledge do you have?" She answered: "What God has commanded in His Book, then what people examine of poetry, literature, and historical reports." I asked her about a passage of the Qur'an, and she answered me as if she were reading the answer from a book. I asked her about grammar, prosody [and historical reports], and she did not fall short. I said: "God bless you, you have not fallen short in answering me in every field you took up. If you compose any poetry, recite something for us." She began to recite this verse: O refuge of servants in every station, servants desire nothing but Your pleasure. No, by the One who honored the Imam and exalted him, no servant obeys God who disobeys you. And she continued with the poem to its end. I said: "Commander of the Faithful, I have never seen a woman like her, even in a man's shoe." I tested the other and found her below her, not reaching her level, though if she were given regular training she might catch up. He said: "ʿAbbāsī," and al-Faḍl replied: "At your service, Commander of the Faithful." He said: "Return them to ʿĀtikah and tell her to prepare the one described as perfect, to be brought to me tonight." Then he said to me: "ʿAbd al-Malik, I am weary. I sat down wanting to hear a story to while away the time, so relate something to me." I asked: "What kind of story does the Commander of the Faithful desire?" He said: "What you have witnessed and heard of the wonders of people and the curiosities of their reports." I said: "Commander of the Faithful, a companion of ours in the desert of Banū So-and-so, whom I used to visit and converse with. He had reached ninety-six years of age, the soundest of mind, the best of intellect and appetite, and the strongest of body. I was absent from him for a time, then went to him and found him emaciated in body, gloomy in spirit, changed in condition. I asked him: 'What is the matter with you? Has some misfortune befallen you?' He said: 'No.' I asked: 'Has illness struck you?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'Then what is the cause of this change I see in you?' He said: 'I went to visit some relatives in the camp of Banū So-and-so, and I found with them a slave girl who had wound her headcloth, and she was smeared with wars from her horn to her foot. She wore a dyed shirt and veil, and around her neck hung a drum on which she beat while singing: Her charms are arrows of death, fletched with all kinds of misfortunes. Time's uncertainties have made for them an arrow that pierces the hearts with its excellence. I answered her: On my lip, in the place of the drum, ascend, just as you have permitted the drum on your beautiful neck. Grant me a hollow wood beneath a worn skin, to enjoy between your chest and chin. When she heard the poetry from me, she took off the drum and threw it in my face, then hurried into the tent and went inside. I remained standing until the sun grew hot on the crown of my head, and she neither came out to me nor sent back any answer. I said: 'By God, I am with her as the poet said: By God, Salmā, my standing has grown long, for no purpose, Sulaymā, that I watch.' Al-Rashīd laughed until he fell back. He said: "Woe to you, ʿAbd al-Malik! A man of ninety-six years falls in love?" I replied: "This is what happened, Commander of the Faithful." He said: "ʿAbbāsī, give ʿAbd al-Malik a hundred thousand dirhams and send him back to the City of Peace." I departed, and there was a servant carrying something, and with him a slave girl carrying something. He said: "I am the messenger of your daughter"—meaning the slave girl you described—"and this is her servant. She sends you greetings and says: The Commander of the Faithful has ordered money and clothes for me, and this is your share of them." And there was the money: a thousand dinars. She said: "We will not leave you without continued kindness." She kept providing me with abundant kindness until the fitnah of Muḥammad, and then her news was cut off from me. Al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ also ordered ten thousand dirhams for me from his own money. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: One day I entered upon Jaʿfar b. Yaḥyā b. Khālid, and he said to me: "Aṣmaʿī, do you have a wife?" I said: "No." He said: "A slave girl?" I said: "A slave girl for service." He said: "Would you like me to give you a clean slave girl?" I replied: "I am indeed in need of a slave girl." He ordered a slave girl to be brought out, in the utmost of beauty, loveliness, and elegance. He said to her: "I have given you to this man." And he said: "Aṣmaʿī, take her." I thanked him. The slave girl wept and said: "My master, will you hand me over to this old man with the ugliness and repulsiveness I see in him?" She grieved intensely. He said to me: "Aṣmaʿī, would you accept a thousand dinars in exchange for her?" I said: "I would not object to that." He ordered a thousand dinars for me, and the slave girl went back in. He said to me: "Aṣmaʿī, I had disapproved of something in this slave girl and wanted to punish her through you, but then I took pity on her from you." I said: "Prince, why did you not tell me beforehand? For I did not come to you until I had combed my beard and straightened my turban. Had I known the matter, I would have kept my natural appearance. By God, if she had seen me like that, she would never again have done anything objectionable as long as she lived." Al-Aṣmaʿī said: Abū ʿUbaydah and I entered upon al-Faḍl b. al-Rabīʿ. He said: "Aṣmaʿī, how large is your book on horses?" I replied: "One volume." He said: "Ask Abū ʿUbaydah about that." He said: "Fifty volumes." He ordered both books to be brought, then ordered a horse to be brought. He said to Abū ʿUbaydah: "I will read your book letter by letter, and you place your hand on each part." Abū ʿUbaydah said: "I am not a farrier. This is just something I learned and heard from the Arabs and compiled." He said to me: "Aṣmaʿī, then you place your hand on each part of the horse." I stood up, bared my forearm and shin, then leaped and took hold of the horse's ear, then placed my hand on its forelock. I began to take hold of each part and say: "This is such-and-such," and I recited poetry about it until I reached its hoof. He ordered the horse for me. So whenever I wanted to anger Abū ʿUbaydah, I would ride the horse and come to him. I copied from the handwriting of Abū ʿUbayd, ʿUbayd Allāh Muḥammad b. ʿImrān al-Marzubānī, who said: Abū al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad b. Bukayr reported from his father, who said: One day we were with al-Ḥasan b. Sahl, and in his presence was a group of scholars, among them al-Aṣmaʿī, Abū ʿUbaydah, al-Haytham b. ʿAdī, and many other people. Al-Ḥasan's chamberlain was presenting petitions to him until he had signed fifty of them. When he finished, he turned to us and said: "We have done much good today by signing the petitions, bringing joy and benefit to their people, and we hope to be rewarded for that. Now tell us something for our own sake." We began to discuss knowledge with him. Abū ʿUbaydah, al-Aṣmaʿī, and Jarīr b. Ḥāzim spoke, and the gathering became lively with discussion until they came to mention the great memorizers among the hadith scholars. They began to speak of al-Zuhrī, al-Shaʿbī, Qatādah, and Sufyān. Abū ʿUbaydah said: "What need do we have to mention these people? We do not know whether the reports about them are true or false. Here in the gathering is a man who claims that he never forgets anything and that he does not need to look again at a notebook. It is just one glance, and he memorizes what is in it." He was alluding to al-Aṣmaʿī. Al-Ḥasan said: "Yes, by God, Abū Saʿīd, you do produce something quite extraordinary from this." Al-Aṣmaʿī said: "Yes, I do not need to look again at a notebook, and I never forget anything." Al-Ḥasan said: "Then let us test this claim with one thing. Boy, bring such-and-such a notebook, for it contains much of what we have recited and related." The boy went to bring the notebook. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: "Then I will show you something even more astonishing than this: I will repeat the petitions that passed, the names of their owners, and all your annotations on them, and this will be checked against them." He said: Al-Ḥasan had said: "I made those annotations to have them recorded in the register." Those present were amazed and laughed. Al-Ḥasan called for the petitions themselves from the chamberlain, and they were all brought back. Al-Aṣmaʿī began: "The first petition is from so-and-so, the son of so-and-so. His petition is such-and-such, and you annotated it, may God honor you, with such-and-such." He continued in this manner through forty-seven petitions. Al-Ḥasan said to him: "You, enough for now. By God, the company will kill you with their eyes. Boy, fifty thousand dirhams!" Five purses were brought. Then he said: "Boys, carry them with him to his house." The boys rushed to carry them. He said: "May you enjoy the carrier as much as the carried." He replied: "Yes, they are yours, but you will not benefit from them, for I have bought them from you for ten thousand dirhams. Carry, boy, with Abū Saʿīd sixty thousand dirhams." He said: "By God, I carried it with him, and the rest departed empty-handed." From Ḥammād b. Isḥāq al-Mawṣilī, from his father, who said: Al-Rashīd asked about the verse of al-Rāʿī: They killed Ibn ʿAffān the caliph while he was muḥrim, and he called out, but I have never seen anyone so forsaken. What is the meaning of "muḥrim"? Al-Kisāʾī said: "Consecrated for the pilgrimage." Al-Aṣmaʿī said: "By God, he was not in a state of pilgrimage consecration, nor did the poet mean he was in a sacred month. One says 'aḥrama' when one enters it, just as one says 'ashhara' when one enters the month and 'aʿāma' when one enters the year." Al-Kisāʾī said: "What else could it be? If not, what did he mean?" Al-Aṣmaʿī replied: "What did ʿAdī b. Zayd mean by his saying: They killed Kisrā at night while he was muḥrim, and he departed without being shrouded. What consecration did Kisrā have?" Al-Rashīd said: "You are unbearable. What is the meaning?" He said: "Anyone who has not done anything deserving punishment is muḥrim, inviolable, nothing of him may be violated." Al-Rashīd said: "You are unbearable in poetry, Aṣmaʿī." Abū Ḥātim said: Al-Aṣmaʿī recited to us: When a good day comes, accept it, for you are able to bear the day of misery. Then he said: "Do you know where I took this from? I took it from the saying of the vagabonds: 'Eat more fat, for you are able to endure hunger.'" From al-Aṣmaʿī, who said: While I was in the cemetery of Basra on a scorching summer day, I saw a slave girl placing her hand on a grave and saying in a sorrowful voice from a wounded heart: Did the grave answer its askers, or did its eye find comfort in its visitors? Or do you see it encompassing knowledge of the body dwelling within it? If the grave knew what it conceals, it would boast over all who come near it. O mountain that was for refuge, and a pillar of might for its hopers; and a palm tree whose spathes are ranged, near to the hand of its gatherer; and O sick one on a bed, whom the hands of his nurses trouble; and O patient one under affliction with which God tried him. O death, if you would accept ransom, I would ransom him with myself. O death, what did you want from me? You feared what I used to guard against. A death that struck me with loss of my familiar; I blame my time and complain of it. May God secure you from every terror and from all that you used to fear. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: So I drew near to her and said to her, "O slave girl, repeat your words to me." She said, "Did you hear that from me?" Then she recited her poetry to its end, and she stood up shaking her clothes while saying, "If among God's servants there is an Aṣmaʿī, it is this one." Al-Māzinī said: I heard al-Aṣmaʿī say: While I was circumambulating the Kaaba, there was a man with his mother on the back of his neck and he was circumambulating. I said to him, "You circumambulate with a load on you?" He said, "This is my mother who carried me; I want to fulfill her right." I said to him, "Shall I guide you to what fulfills her right?" He said, "What is it?" I said, "Marry her." He said, "O enemy of God, you confront me about my mother with such a thing?" Then she raised her hand and slapped the back of her son's neck and said, "When the truth is told to you, you get angry?!" Abū Mūsā Muḥammad b. al-Muthannā said: Al-Aṣmaʿī died in the year two hundred and ten, having reached eighty-eight years, and his death was in Basra. Muḥammad b. Abī al-ʿAtāhiyah said: When news of al-Aṣmaʿī's death reached my father, he grieved for him and mourned him, saying: My sorrow for the loss of al-Aṣmaʿī; he has passed away, praised, having a share in every benefit. The cheerfulness of excellences diminished after him, and we bade farewell, when intimacy and knowledge were bidden farewell. He was the star of knowledge among us in his lifetime; when his days ended, the star set. [Ibn al-Jawzī, may God Almighty have mercy on him, said: Abū al-ʿAtāhiyah mentioned that he died in the year fifteen. Al-Kudaymī said: He died in the year seventeen. What Abū Mūsā said is more correct, and it is indicated by the fact that Abū al-ʿAtāhiyah mourned him, and Abū al-ʿAtāhiyah died in the year eleven. Al-Aṣmaʿī reached eighty-eight years, and his death was in Basra.] 1184 - ʿUlayyah bt. al-Mahdī. Her mother was an umm walad named Maknūnah, who was purchased for al-Mahdī for one hundred thousand dirhams. She prevailed over him, and al-Khayzurān used to say, "No slave woman's possession is more burdensome to me than hers." She bore him ʿUlayyah in the year one hundred and sixty. ʿUlayyah was the most beautiful of women, the most elegant, the most complete in intellect, refinement, purity, chastity, and grace. She had a broad forehead that disfigured her, so she adopted the jewel-encrusted headband to cover her forehead with it; she was the first to adopt it. She prayed much, kept to the prayer niche, and recited the Quran. She was devout and did not drink nabīdh. She said, "God has not forbidden anything but that He has made in what He permitted a substitute for it; so how does the disobedient argue?" She used to say, "O God, do not forgive me for any forbidden thing I committed, nor for any resolve upon a forbidden thing I intended. No amusement ever startled me but that I remembered my lineage from the Messenger of God ﷺ and desisted from it. I do not say what I say in my poetry except in jest." She used to enter upon al-Rashīd, who would honor her and command her to sit with him on his couch, but she would refuse. She loved to correspond in poetry with those whom she favored. She favored a servant called "Ṭall" from among al-Rashīd's servants, and she corresponded with him in poetry. She did not see him for some days, so she walked on a rain spout until she saw him and said: What I have endured for a time—O Ṭall—of passion for you is sufficient, until I came to you as a hasty visitor, walking on a water channel toward my own destruction. Then al-Rashīd made her swear not to speak to Ṭall or mention his name. She guaranteed him that. One day he listened to her while she was reciting, "And if no heavy rain falls on it, then a drizzle" (Quran 2:265), and she said, "The one whom the Commander of the Faithful forbade." Then he entered upon her, kissed her head, and gave her Ṭall. Mūsā b. ʿĪsā b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās married her. Among her exquisite poems: You placed passion in my heart and escaped from it safe. You began with union, then cut off my union, unjustly. She also has: Would that Salmā saw me or were told of my state, so that she might free a captive, weary of heart, distressed. O abodes of the fair, beautiful coquettes, may abundant rain from the early and continuous showers water you. She also has: Despair within my ribs wavers, and the tears of my eye pour forth and stream. Indeed I hope, then I rise with aspirations, but despair pulls me back and I sit. She also has: The heart is consumed with passion for the neighbor next door, so I remained in war and distress. O my neighbor, you have become the owner of my neck, and you have overcome my mind. She also has: Relieve my distress a little, for I have become thin. Do a beautiful deed in the matter of one infatuated with you. She also has: Asmāʾ severed my rope, and it broke. Everyone who wished to wrong us wronged us. She deemed killing us lawful deliberately, and she invented pretexts that were not respected. She also has: After you, the harm of passion afflicted me, and longing and restlessness became my habit. God knows, and He suffices me, that I long for your face. She also has: I concealed the name of the beloved from people and returned the passion to my heart. O my longing for the land of my friend; perhaps I will call out with the name of the one I love. She also has: In describing passion, a lover who is good at composing arguments is not admired. Love is built on tyranny; if the beloved were fair in it, it would be ugly. Do not blame a lover for abasement; the abasement of the lover is the key to relief. Al-Maʾmūn once embraced ʿUlayyah and began kissing her head while her face was covered; she was annoyed by that and choked and coughed. Then she suffered a fever for some days and died in this year at the age of fifty, may God have mercy on her. 1185 - Manṣūr b. Salamah b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Salamah al-Khuzāʿī. He heard from Mālik and al-Layth. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal and Yaḥyā narrated from him. Al-Dāraquṭnī said: He is one of the trustworthy, precise, eminent memorizers who were asked about narrators and whose word about them was accepted. Aḥmad, Yaḥyā, and others took from him the knowledge of that. He died in this year at al-Maṣṣīṣah. It was also said: in the year nine.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.