Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 314

The story of ʿĪsā b. Maryam (peace be upon him)

قال ابن كثير رحمه الله تعالى: وَقَدَّمْنَا فِي قِصَّةِ يَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا عَنْ بَعْضِ السَّلَفِ أَنَّ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، كَانَ يَلْبَسُ الشَّعْرَ وَيَأْكُلُ مِنْ وَرَقِ الشَّجَرِ، وَلَا يَأْوِي إِلَى مَنْزِلٍ وَلَا أَهْلٍ وَلَا مَالٍ، وَلَا يَدَّخِرُ شَيْئًا لِغَدٍ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: كَانَ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ غَزْلِ أُمِّهِ، صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ بسنده عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، إِذَا ذُكِرَ عِنْدَهُ السَّاعَةُ صَاحَ  ، وَيَقُولُ: لَا يَنْبَغِي لِابْنِ مَرْيَمَ أَنْ تُذْكَرَ عِنْدَهُ السَّاعَةُ وَيَسْكُتَ. وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبْجَرَ، أَنَّ عِيسَى كَانَ إِذَا سَمِعَ الْمَوْعِظَةَ صَرَخَ صُرَاخَ الثَّكْلَى. وعن جَعْفَرُ بْنُ بُرْقَانَ: أَنَّ عِيسَى كَانَ يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَصْبَحْتُ لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ دَفْعَ مَا أَكْرَهُ، وَلَا أَمْلِكُ نَفْعَ مَا أَرْجُو، وَأَصْبَحَ الْأَمْرُ بِيَدِ غَيْرِي، وَأَصْبَحْتُ مُرْتَهِنًا بِعَمَلِي، فَلَا فَقِيرَ أَفْقَرُ مِنِّي، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُشْمِتْ بِيَ عَدُوِّي، وَلَا تَسُؤْ بِي صَدِيقِي، وَلَا تَجْعَلْ مُصِيبَتِي فِي دِينِي، وَلَا تُسَلِّطْ عَلَيَّ مَنْ لَا يَرْحَمُنِي. وَقَالَ الْفُضَيْلُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ عَنْ يُونُسَ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ كَانَ عِيسَى يَقُولُ: لَا يُصِيبُ أَحَدٌ حَقِيقَةَ الْإِيمَانِ حَتَّى لَا يُبَالِيَ مِنْ أَكْلِ الدُّنْيَا. قَالَ الْفُضَيْلُ: وَكَانَ عِيسَى يَقُولُ: فَكَّرْتُ فِي الْخَلْقِ، فَوَجَدْتُ مَنْ لَمْ يُخْلَقْ أَغْبَطَ عِنْدِي مِمَّنْ خُلِقَ. وَعَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: إِنَّ عِيسَى رَأْسُ الزَّاهِدِينَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ  . قَالَ: وَإِنَّ الْفَرَّارِينَ بِذُنُوبِهِمْ يُحْشَرُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ مَعَ عِيسَى. قَالَ: وَبَيْنَمَا عِيسَى يَوْمًا نَائِمٌ عَلَى حَجَرٍ قَدْ تَوَسَّدَهُ، وَقَدْ وَجَدَ لَذَّةَ النَّوْمِ، إِذْ مَرَّ بِهِ إِبْلِيسُ، فَقَالَ: يَا عِيسَى، أَلَسْتَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّكَ لَا تُرِيدُ شَيْئًا مِنْ عَرَضِ الدُّنْيَا ؟ فَهَذَا الْحَجَرُ مِنْ عَرَضِ الدُّنْيَا. فَقَامَ عِيسَى فَأَخَذَ الْحَجَرَ فَرَمَى بِهِ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ: هَذَا لَكَ مَعَ الدُّنْيَا. وَقَالَ مُعْتَمِرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ: خَرَجَ عِيسَى عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، وَعَلَيْهِ جُبَّةٌ صُوفٌ وَكِسَاءٌ وَتُبَّانٌ، حَافِيًا بَاكِيًا شَعِثًا، مُصْفَرَّ اللَّوْنِ مِنَ الْجُوعِ، يَابِسَ الشَّفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ، فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، أَنَا الَّذِي أَنْزَلْتُ الدُّنْيَا مَنْزِلَتَهَا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا عَجَبَ وَلَا فَخْرَ، أَتَدْرُونَ أَيْنَ بَيْتِي ؟ قَالُوا: أَيْنَ بَيْتُكَ يَا رُوحَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: بِيتِي الْمَسَاجِدُ، وَطِيبِي الْمَاءُ، وَإِدَامِي الْجُوعُ، وَسِرَاجِي الْقَمَرُ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَصَلَاتِي فِي الشِّتَاءِ مَشَارِقُ الشَّمْسِ، وَرَيْحَانِي بُقُولُ الْأَرْضِ، وَلِبَاسِي الصُّوفُ، وَشِعَارِي خَوْفُ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ، وَجُلَسَائِي الزَّمْنَى وَالْمَسَاكِينُ، أُصْبِحُ وَلَيْسَ لِي شَيْءٌ، وَأُمْسِي وَلَيْسَ لِي شَيْءٌ، وَأَنَا طَيِّبُ النَّفْسِ غَنِيٌّ مُكْثِرٌ، فَمَنْ أَغْنَى مِنِّي وَأَرْبَحُ ؟ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى عِيسَى، أَنْ يَا عِيسَى انْتَقِلَ مِنْ مَكَانٍ إِلَى مَكَانٍ، لِئَلَّا تُعْرَفَ فَتُؤْذَى، فَوَعِزَّتِي وَجَلَالِي، لَأُزَوِّجَنَّكَ أَلْفَ حَوْرَاءَ، وَلَأُولِمَنَّ عَلَيْكَ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ عَامٍ. وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ رَفْعُهُ، وَقَدْ يَكُونُ مَوْقُوفًا مِنْ رِوَايَةِ شُفَيِّ بْنِ مَاتِعٍ عَنْ كَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْإِسْرَائِيلِيِّينَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَعَنْ خَلَفِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى لِلْحَوَارِيِّينَ: كَمَا تَرَكَ لَكُمُ الْمُلُوكَ الْحِكْمَةَ، فَكَذَلِكَ فَاتْرُكُوا لَهُمُ الدُّنْيَا. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: قَالَ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: سَلُونِي فَإِنِّي لَيِّنُ الْقَلْبِ، وَإِنِّي صَغِيرٌ عِنْدَ نَفْسِي. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، لِلْحِوَارِيَّيْنِ: كُلُوا خُبْزَ الشَّعِيرِ، وَاشْرَبُوا الْمَاءَ الْقَرَاحَ، وَاخْرُجُوا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا سَالِمِينَ آمِنِينَ، لَحَقٌّ مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: إِنَّ حَلَاوَةَ الدُّنْيَا مَرَارَةُ الْآخِرَةِ،  وَإِنَّ مَرَارَةَ الدُّنْيَا حَلَاوَةُ الْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنَّ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ لَيْسُوا بِالْمُتَنَعِّمِينَ، لَحَقٌّ مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: إِنَّ شَرَّكُمْ عَالِمٌ يُؤْثِرُ هَوَاهُ عَلَى عِلْمِهِ، يَوَدُّ أَنَّ النَّاسَ كُلَّهُمْ مِثْلُهُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ: إِنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عِيسَى كَانَ يَقُولُ: يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْمَاءِ الْقَرَاحِ، وَالْبَقْلِ الْبَرِّيِّ، وَالْخُبْزِ الشَّعِيرِ، وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَخُبْزَ الْبُرِّ، فَإِنَّكُمْ لَنْ تَقُومُوا بِشُكْرِهِ. وعَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ عِيسَى يَقُولُ: اعْبُرُوا الدُّنْيَا وَلَا تُعَمِّرُوهَا. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا رَأْسُ كُلِّ خَطِيئَةٍ،  وَالنَّظَرُ يَزْرَعُ فِي الْقَلْبِ الشَّهْوَةَ. وَحَكَى وُهَيْبُ بْنُ الْوَرْدِ مِثْلَهُ، وَزَادَ: وَرُبَّ شَهْوَةٍ أَوْرَثَتْ أَهْلَهَا حُزْنًا طَوِيلًا. وَعَنْ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ الضَّعِيفَ، اتَّقِ اللَّهَ حَيْثُمَا كُنْتَ، وَكُنْ فِي الدُّنْيَا ضَيْفًا، وَاتَّخَذِ الْمَسَاجِدَ بَيْتًا، وَعَلِّمْ عَيْنَكَ الْبُكَاءَ، وَجَسَدَكَ الصَّبْرَ، وَقَلْبَكَ التَّفَكُّرَ، وَلَا تَهْتَمَّ بِرِزْقِ غَدٍ، فَإِنَّهَا خَطِيئَةٌ. وَعَنْهُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَمَا أَنَّهُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ عَلَى مَوْجِ الْبَحْرِ دَارًا، فَلَا يَتَّخِذِ الدُّنْيَا قَرَارًا. وَفِي هَذَا يَقُولُ سَابِقٌ الْبَرْبَرِيُّ: لَكُمْ بُيُوتٌ بِمُسْتَنِّ السُّيُولِ وَهَلْ يَبْقَى عَلَى الْمَاءِ بَيْتٌ أُسُّهُ مَدَرُ وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ: قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ: لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا وَحُبُّ الْآخِرَةِ فِي قَلْبِ مُؤْمِنٍ، كَمَا لَا يَسْتَقِيمُ الْمَاءُ وَالنَّارُ فِي إِنَاءٍ. وَعَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّوفِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى: طَالِبُ الدُّنْيَا مِثْلُ شَارِبِ مَاءِ الْبَحْرِ، كُلَّمَا ازْدَادَ شُرْبًا ازْدَادَ عَطَشًا، حَتَّى يَقْتُلَهُ. وَعَنْ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، أَنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ مَعَ الدُّنْيَا، وَمَكْرَهُ مَعَ الْمَالِ، وَتَزْيِينَهُ مَعَ الْهَوَى، وَاسْتِمْكَانَهُ عِنْدَ الشَّهَوَاتِ. وَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ خَيْثَمَةَ: كَانَ عِيسَى يَصْنَعُ الطَّعَامَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ وَيَقُومُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَيَقُولُ: هَكَذَا فَاصْنَعُوا بِالْقِرَى. وَبِهِ: قَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ لِعِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: طُوبَى لِحِجْرٍ حَمَلَكَ، وَلِثَدْيٍ أَرْضَعَكَ. فَقَالَ: طُوبَى لِمَنْ قَرَأَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَاتَّبَعَهُ  . وَعَنْهُ: طُوبَى لِمَنْ بَكَى مِنْ ذِكْرِ خَطِيئَتِهِ  ، وَحَفِظَ لِسَانَهُ، وَوَسِعَهُ بَيْتُهُ. وَعَنْهُ: طُوبَى لِعَيْنٍ نَامَتْ، وَلَمْ تُحَدِّثْ نَفْسَهَا بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ، وَانْتَبَهَتْ إِلَى غَيْرِ إِثْمٍ. وَعَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: مَرَّ عِيسَى وَأَصْحَابُهُ بِجِيفَةٍ، فَقَالُوا: مَا أَنْتَنَ رِيحَهَا. فَقَالَ: مَا أَبْيَضَ أَسْنَانَهَا. لِيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْغِيِبَةِ. وَعَنْ زَكَرِيَّا بْنِ عَدِيٍّ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، ارْضَوْا بِدَنِيِّ الدُّنْيَا مَعَ سَلَامَةِ الدِّينِ، كَمَا رَضِيَ أَهْلُ الدُّنْيَا بَدَنِيِّ الدِّينِ مَعَ سَلَامَةِ الدُّنْيَا. قَالَ زَكَرِيَّا: وَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ الشَّاعِرُ: أَرَى رِجَالًا بِأَدْنَى الدِّينِ قَدْ قَنَعُوا     وَلَا أَرَاهُمْ رَضُوا فِي الْعَيْشِ بِالدُّونِ فَاسْتَغْنِ بِالدِّينِ عَنْ دُنْيَا الْمُلُوكِ كَمَا     اسْتَغْنَى الْمُلُوكُ بِدُنْيَاهُمْ عَنِ الدِّينِ وَقَالَ أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ: قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: لَا تُكْثِرُوا الْحَدِيثَ بِغَيْرِ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، فَتَقْسُوَ قُلُوبُكُمْ، فَإِنَّ الْقَلْبَ الْقَاسِيَ بَعِيدٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَلَكِنْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ، وَلَا تَنْظُرُوا فِي ذُنُوبِ الْعِبَادِ كَأَنَّكُمْ أَرْبَابٌ، وَانْظُرُوا فِيهَا كَأَنَّكُمْ عَبِيدٌ، فَإِنَّمَا النَّاسُ رَجُلَانِ: مُعَافًى وَمُبْتَلًى، فَارْحَمُوا أَهْلَ الْبَلَاءِ، وَاحْمَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى الْعَافِيَةِ. وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى لِأَصْحَابِهِ: بِحَقٍّ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: مَنْ طَلَبَ الْفِرْدَوْسَ، فَخُبْزُ الشَّعِيرِ لَهُ، وَالنَّوْمُ فِي الْمَزَابِلِ مَعَ الْكِلَابِ كَثِيرٌ. وَقَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ: قَالَ عِيسَى: إِنَّ أَكْلَ الشَّعِيرِ مَعَ الرَّمَادِ، وَالنَّوْمَ عَلَى الْمَزَابِلِ مَعَ الْكِلَابِ لَقَلِيلٌ فِي طَلَبِ الْفِرْدَوْسِ. وَعَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى: اعْمَلُوا لِلَّهِ وَلَا تَعْمَلُوا لِبُطُونِكُمُ، انْظُرُوا إِلَى هَذِهِ الطَّيْرِ تَغْدُو وَتَرُوحُ، لَا تَحْرُثُ وَلَا تَحْصُدُ، وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُهَا، فَإِنْ قُلْتُمْ: نَحْنُ أَعْظَمُ بُطُونًا مِنَ الطَّيْرِ. فَانْظُرُوا إِلَى هَذِهِ الْأَبَاقِرِ مِنَ الْوُحُوشِ وَالْحُمُرِ، فَإِنَّهَا تَغْدُو وَتَرُوحُ لَا تَحْرُثُ وَلَا تَحْصُدُ، وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُهَا. وَعَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مَيْسَرَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ الْحَوَارِيُّونَ لِلْمَسِيحِ: يَا مَسِيحَ اللَّهِ، انْظُرْ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ اللَّهِ مَا أَحْسَنَهُ. قَالَ: آمِينَ آمِينَ، بِحَقٍّ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: لَا يَتْرُكُ اللَّهُ مِنْ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ حَجَرًا قَائِمًا إِلَّا أَهْلَكَهُ بِذُنُوبِ أَهْلِهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَصْنَعُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَلَا بِالْفِضَّةِ، وَلَا بِهَذِهِ الْأَحْجَارِ الَّتِي تُعْجِبُكُمْ شَيْئًا، إِنَّ أَحَبَّ إِلَى اللَّهِ مِنْهَا الْقُلُوبُ الصَّالِحَةُ، وَبِهَا يُعَمِّرُ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ، وَبِهَا يُخَرِّبُ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ إِذَا كَانَتْ عَلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: مَرَّ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، عَلَى مَدِينَةٍ خَرِبَةٍ فَأَعْجَبَهُ الْبُنْيَانُ، فَقَالَ: أَيْ رَبِّ، مُرْ هَذِهِ الْمَدِينَةَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي. فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ أَيَّتُهَا الْمَدِينَةُ الْخَرِبَةُ جَاوِبِي عِيسَى. قَالَ: فَنَادَتِ الْمَدِينَةُ عِيسَى: حَبِيبِي، وَمَا تُرِيدُ مِنِّي ؟ قَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ أَشْجَارُكِ، وَمَا فَعَلَ أَنْهَارُكِ، وَمَا فَعَلَ قُصُورُكِ، وَأَيْنَ سُكَّانُكِ ؟ قَالَتْ: حَبِيبِي، جَاءَ وَعْدُ رَبِّكَ الْحَقُّ، فَيَبِسَتْ أَشْجَارِي، وَنَشَفَتْ أَنْهَارِي، وَخَرِبَتْ قُصُورِي، وَمَاتَ سُكَّانِي. قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ أَمْوَالُهُمْ ؟ قَالَتْ: جَمَعُوهَا مِنَ الْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ مَوْضُوعَةٌ فِي بَطْنِي، لِلَّهِ مِيرَاثُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ. قَالَ: فَنَادَى عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: فَعَجِبْتُ مِنْ ثَلَاثِ أُنَاسٍ: طَالِبِ الدُّنْيَا وَالْمَوْتُ يَطْلُبُهُ، وَبَانِي الْقُصُورِ وَالْقَبْرُ مَنْزِلُهُ، وَمَنْ يَضْحَكُ مِلْءَ فِيهِ وَالنَّارُ أَمَامَهُ، ابْنَ آدَمَ، لَا بِالْكَثِيرِ تَشْبَعُ، وَلَا بِالْقَلِيلِ تَقْنَعُ، تَجْمَعُ مَالَكَ لِمَنْ لَا يَحْمَدُكَ، وَتُقْدِمُ عَلَى رَبٍّ لَا يَعْذُرُكَ، إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ عَبْدُ بَطْنِكَ وَشَهْوَتِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا تَمْلَأُ بَطْنَكَ إِذَا دَخَلْتَ قَبْرَكَ، وَأَنْتَ يَا ابْنَ آدَمَ تَرَى حَشْدَ مَالِكَ فِي مِيزَانِ غَيْرِكَ. هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا، وَفِيهِ مَوْعِظَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ، فَكَتَبْنَاهُ لِذَلِكَ. وعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، اجْعَلُوا كُنُوزَكُمْ فِي السَّمَاءِ، فَإِنَّ قَلْبَ الرَّجُلِ حَيْثُ كَنْزُهُ. وَعَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ ظَبْيَانَ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ: مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ وَعَلَّمَ وَعَمِلَ، دُعِيَ عَظِيمًا فِي مَلَكُوتِ السَّمَاءِ  . وَقَالَ أَبُو كُرَيْبٍ: رُوِيَ أَنَّ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، قَالَ: لَا خَيْرَ فِي عِلْمٍ لَا يَعْبُرُ مَعَكَ الْوَادِيَ، وَلَا يَعْمُرُ بِكَ النَّادِيَ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ، بِإِسْنَادٍ غَرِيبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرْفُوعًا، أَنَّ عِيسَى، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، قَامَ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، لَا تُحَدِّثُوا بِالْحِكْمَةِ غَيْرَ أَهْلِهَا فَتَظْلِمُوهَا، وَلَا تَمْنَعُوهَا أَهْلَهَا، فَتَظْلِمُوهُمْ، وَالْأُمُورُ ثَلَاثَةٌ: أَمْرٌ تَبَيَّنَ رُشْدُهُ فَاتَّبِعُوهُ، وَأَمْرٌ تَبَيَّنَ غَيُّهُ فَاجْتَنِبُوهُ، وَأَمْرٌ اخْتُلِفَ عَلَيْكُمْ. فِيهِ فَرُدُّوا عِلْمَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى: لَا تَطْرَحُوا اللُّؤْلُؤَ إِلَى الْخِنْزِيرِ ; فَإِنَّ الْخِنْزِيرَ لَا يَصْنَعُ بِاللُّؤْلُؤِ شَيْئًا، وَلَا تُعْطُوا الْحِكْمَةَ مَنْ لَا يُرِيدُهَا ; فَإِنَّ الْحِكْمَةَ خَيْرٌ مِنَ اللُّؤْلُؤِ  ، وَمَنْ لَا يُرِيدُهَا شَرٌّ مِنَ الْخِنْزِيرِ. وَكَذَا حَكَى وَهْبٌ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْهُ. وَعَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: أَنْتُمْ مِلْحُ الْأَرْضِ، فَإِذَا فَسَدْتُمْ فَلَا دَوَاءَ لَكُمْ، وَإِنَّ فِيكُمْ خَصْلَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْجَهْلِ: الضَّحِكُ مِنْ غَيْرِ عَجَبٍ، وَالصُّبْحَةُ مِنْ غَيْرِ سَهَرٍ. وَعَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ فِتْنَةً ؟ قَالَ: زَلَّةُ الْعَالِمِ، فَإِنَّ الْعَالِمَ إِذَا زَلَّ يَزِلُّ بِزَلَّتِهِ عَالَمٌ كَثِيرٌ. وَعَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَا عُلَمَاءَ السُّوءِ جَعَلْتُمُ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى رُءُوسِكُمْ، وَالْآخِرَةَ تَحْتَ أَقْدَامِكُمْ، قَوْلُكُمْ شِفَاءٌ وَعَمَلُكُمْ دَاءٌ، مَثَلُكُمْ مَثَلُ شَجَرَةِ الدِّفْلَى، تُعْجِبُ مَنْ رَآهَا، وَتَقْتُلُ مَنْ أَكَلَهَا. وَقَالَ وَهْبٌ: قَالَ عِيسَى: يَا عُلَمَاءَ السُّوءِ، جَلَسْتُمْ عَلَى أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ، فَلَا أَنْتُمْ تَدْخُلُونَهَا، وَلَا تَدَعُونَ الْمَسَاكِينَ يَدْخُلُونَهَا، إِنَّ شَرَّ النَّاسِ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَالِمٌ يَطْلُبُ الدُّنْيَا بِعِلْمِهِ  . وَقَالَ مَكْحُولٌ: التَقَى يَحْيَى وَعِيسَى، فَصَافَحَهُ عِيسَى، وَهُوَ يَضْحَكُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ يَحْيَى: يَا ابْنَ خَالَةٍ، مَا لِي أَرَاكَ ضَاحِكًا كَأَنَّكَ قَدْ أَمِنْتَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ عِيسَى: مَا لِي أَرَاكَ عَابِسًا كَأَنَّكَ قَدْ يَئِسْتَ. فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِمَا: إِنَّ أَحَبَّكُمَا إِلَيَّ أَبَشُّكُمَا بِصَاحِبِهِ. وَقَالَ وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ: وَقَفَ عِيسَى هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَى قَبْرٍ، وَصَاحِبُهُ يُدْلَى فِيهِ، فَجَعَلُوا يَذْكُرُونَ الْقَبْرَ وَضِيقَهُ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ كُنْتُمْ فِيمَا هُوَ أَضْيَقُ مِنْهُ فِي أَرْحَامِ أُمَّهَاتِكُمْ، فَإِذَا أَحَبَّ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُوَسِّعَ وَسَّعَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ الضَّرِيرُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ عِيسَى كَانَ إِذَا ذَكَرَ الْمَوْتَ يَقْطُرُ جِلْدُهُ دَمًا  . وَالْآثَارُ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا، وَقَدْ أَوْرَدَ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ مِنْهَا طَرَفًا صَالِحًا، اقْتَصَرْنَا مِنْهُ عَلَى هَذَا الْقَدْرِ، وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْمُوَفَّقُ لِلصَّوَابِ. ذِكْرُ طَرَفٍ مِنْ مَوَاعِظِ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ   عَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى بْنُ مَرْيَمَ: " إِنَّ لِلْحِكْمَةِ أَهْلًا، إِنْ كَتَمْتَهَا عَنْ أَهْلِهَا جَهِلْتَ، وَإِنْ تَكَلَّمْتَ بِهَا عِنْدَ غَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا جَهِلْتَ، فَكُنْ كَالطَّبِيبِ الْعَالِمِ الَّذِي يَضَعُ دَوَاءَهُ حَيْثُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَنْفَعُ ". وعن عِيسَى بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ السَّعْدِيُّ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، قَالَا: عَنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ، قَالَ: قَالَ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ لِلْحَوَارِيِّينَ: " لَا تُجَالِسُوا الْخَطَّائِينَ، فَإِنَّ مُجَالَسَتَهُمْ تُقَسِّي الْقَلْبَ، تَقَرَّبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِمُفَارَقَتِهِمْ. يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، لَا تَحْمِلُوا عَلَى الْيَوْمِ هَمَّ غَدٍ، حَسْبُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ هَمُّهُ، وَلَا يَهْتَمَّ أَحَدُكُمْ لِرِزْقِ غَدٍ، خَالِقُ غَدٍ يَأْتِيكُمْ فِيهِ بِالرِّزْقِ. وَلَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ إِذَا اسْتَقْبَلَ الشِّتَاءَ: مِنْ أَيْنَ آكُلُ وَمِنْ أَيْنَ [ أَلْبَسُ ؟ وَإِذَا اسْتَقْبَلَهُ الصَّيْفُ يَقُولُ: مِنْ أَيْنَ آكُلُ وَمِنْ أَيْنَ ] أَشْرَبُ ؟ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَكَ فِي الشِّتَاءِ بَقَاءٌ فَلَكَ فِيهِ رِزْقٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَكَ فِي الصَّيْفِ بَقَاءٌ فَلَكَ فِيهِ رِزْقٌ. وَلَا تَحْمِلْ هَمَّ شِتَائِكَ وَصَيْفِكَ عَلَى يَوْمِكَ، حَسْبُ هَمِّ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمَا فِيهِ. يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ. إِنَّ ابْنَ آدَمَ خُلِقَ فِي الدُّنْيَا عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ مَنَازِلَ، فَهُوَ فِي ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْهَا بِاللَّهِ وَاثِقٌ، وَظَنُّهُ بِاللَّهِ حَسَنٌ، وَهُوَ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ سَيِّئٌ ظَنُّهُ بِرَبِّهِ يَخَافُ خِذْلَانَ اللَّهِ إِيَّاهُ: أَمَّا الْمَنْزِلَةُ الْأُولَى، فَإِنَّهُ يُخْلَقُ فِي بَطْنِ أُمِّهِ خَلْقًا مِنْ بَعْدِ خَلْقٍ، فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ ثَلَاثٍ: ظُلْمَةِ الْبَطْنِ، وَظُلْمَةِ الرَّحِمِ، وَظُلْمَةِ الْمَشِيمَةِ، يُدِرُّ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُ فِي ظُلْمَةِ الْبَطْنِ، فَإِذَا خَرَجَ مِنَ الْبَطْنِ وَقَعَ فِي اللَّبَنِ، لَا يَسْعَى إِلَيْهِ بِقَدَمٍ، وَلَا يَتَنَاوَلُهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَلَا يَنْهَضُ إِلَيْهِ بِقُوَّةٍ بَلْ يُكْرَهُ عَلَيْهِ، حَتَّى يَرْتَفِعَ عَنِ اللَّبَنِ وَيُفْطَمَ، وَيَقَعَ فِي الْمَنْزِلَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ بَيْنَ أَبَوَيْنِ يَحِنَّانِ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا مَاتَا وَتَرَكَاهُ يَتِيمًا تَعَطَّفَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ، يُطْعِمُهُ هَذَا وَيَكْسُوهُ هَذَا رَحْمَةً لَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ مَنْزِلَتَهُ الرَّابِعَةَ وَاسْتَوَى خَلْقُهُ وَاجْتَمَعَ حَتَّى أَنَّهُ لَا يَرْزُقُهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، اجْتَرَأَ عَلَى اللَّهِ، وَغَدَا عَلَى النَّاسِ يُقَاتِلُهُمْ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا. يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، اعْتَبِرُوا بِالطَّيْرِ، هَلْ رَأَيْتُمْ طَيْرًا قَطُّ يَدَّخِرُ، وَكَذَلِكَ الْبَهَائِمُ وَالسِّبَاعُ، الْحَقَّ أَقُولُ لَكُمْ: أَمْسَيْتُمْ فِي زَمَانِ [ قَوْمٍ ] كَلَامُهُمْ كَلَامُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ، وَفِعَالُهُمْ فِعَالُ السُّفَهَاءِ، كَلَامُهُمْ دَوَاءٌ يُبْرِئُ الدَّاءَ، وَقُلُوبُكُمْ مَا تَقْبَلُ الدَّوَاءَ. قُلُوبُكُمْ تَبْكِي مِنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ، أَصْبَحَتِ الدُّنْيَا عِنْدَكُمْ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْعَرُوسِ الْمَجْلِيَّةِ يَعْشَقُهَا كُلُّ مَنْ يَرَاهَا، وَهِيَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْحَيَّةِ، لَيِّنٌ لَمْسُهَا، يَقْتُلُ سُمُّهَا. يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، لِيَكُنْ هَمُّكُمْ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا أَنْفُسَكُمْ تَفُوزُوا بِهَا، وَلَا تَكُنْ هَمَّكُمْ بُطُونُكُمْ وَفُرُوجُكُمْ، تَمْلَئُوهَا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَتُضْمِرُوهَا مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ، كُلُوا خُبْزَ الشَّعِيرِ، وَمِلْحَ الْجَرِيشِ، وَاخْرُجُوا مِنَ الدُّنْيَا سَالِمِينَ. وَاعْلَمُوا أَنَّ النَّظَرَ إِلَى النِّسَاءِ سَهْمٌ مِنْ سِهَامِ إِبْلِيسَ مَسْمُومٌ، وَهُوَ يَزْرَعُ الشَّهْوَةَ فِي الْقَلْبِ، وَإِنَّ مَثَلَ الْحَكِيمِ يَعْمَلُ حِكْمَتَهُ كَمَثَلِ الشَّمْسِ: تُضِيءُ لِلْخَلَائِقِ وَلَا تُحْرِقُ نَفْسَهَا، وَإِنَّ مَثَلَ الْحَكِيمِ الَّذِي لَا يَعْمَلُ بِحِكْمَتِهِ كَمَثَلِ السِّرَاجِ: يُضِيءُ لِمَنْ حَوْلَهُ، وَيُحْرِقُ نَفْسَهُ. يَا مَعْشَرَ الْحَوَارِيِّينَ، لَا تَضَعُوا الْبَعُوضَ عَنْ شَرَابِكُمْ وَتَشْتَرِطُونَ الْفِيَلَةَ، لَا تَنْظُرُوا فِي ذُنُوبِ النَّاسِ كَالْأَرْبَابِ وَانْظُرُوا فِي ذُنُوبِكُمْ كَالْعَبِيدِ، مَا النَّاسُ إِلَّا كَرَجُلَيْنِ: مُبْتَلًى وَمُعَافًى، فَارْحَمُوا صَاحِبَ الْبَلَاءِ، وَاحْمَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى الْعَافِيَةِ. يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، كُونُوا حُكَمَاءَ عُلَمَاءَ، لَا تَضَعُوا الْحِكْمَةَ إِلَّا عِنْدَ أَهْلِهَا وَلَا تَكْتُمُوهَا أَهْلَهَا، فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تَكَلَّمْتُمْ بِالْحِكْمَةِ عِنْدَ غَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا جَهِلْتُمْ، وَإِنْ مَنَعْتُمُوهَا أَهْلَهَا فَقَدْ ظَلَمْتُمُوهَا وَضَيَّعْتُمُوهَا، فَكُونُوا كَالطَّبِيبِ الْعَالِمِ الَّذِي يَضَعُ دَوَاءَهُ حَيْثُ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ يَنْفَعُ، اعْفُوا عَنِ النَّاسِ يَعْفُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَنْكُمْ. يَا بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، مَا يُغْنِي عَنِ الْبَيْتِ الْمُظْلِمِ السِّرَاجُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ وَبَاطِنُهُ مُظْلِمٌ، تُخْرِجُونَ الْحِكْمَةَ إِلَى النَّاسِ وَتُمْسِكُونَ الْغِلَّ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ. لَا تَكُونُوا كَالْمُنْخُلِ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الدَّقِيقُ وَيُمْسِكُ النُّخَالَةَ، كَذَلِكَ الْحِكْمَةُ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَفْوَاهِكُمْ وَتُبْقِي الْغِلَّ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ. إِنَّ الَّذِي يَخُوضُ الْمَاءَ لَا بُدَّ أَنْ يُصِيبَ ثَوْبَهُ الْمَاءُ، وَكَذَلِكَ مَنْ يُحِبُّ الدُّنْيَا لَا يَنْجُو مِنَ الْخَطَايَا. طُوبَى لِلْمُجْتَهِدِينَ بالَّليلِ، وَرَعَوْا فِي مَسَاجِدِهِمُ الْعَمَلَ، وَسَقَوْا زَرْعَهُمْ مِنْ دُمُوعِ أَعْيُنِهِمْ حَتَّى نَبَتَ وَأَدْرَكَ الْحَصَادَ لِيَوْمِ فَقْرِهِمْ، فَوَجَدُوا عَاقِبَةَ ذَلِكَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ، وَمَنْ يَكُنْ زَرْعُهُ الْمُرَّ لَا يَحْصُدُ حُلْوًا. يَا عَبْدَ الدُّنْيَا، مَا أَكْثَرَ الشَّجَرَ وَلَيْسَ كُلُّهُ يُثْمِرُ، وَمَا أَكْثَرَ الْعُلَمَاءَ وَلَيْسَ كُلُّهُمْ يَعْمَلُ، إِنَّ الدَّابَّةَ مَا لَمْ تُرَضْ تُسْتَصْعَبْ. يَا عَبِيدَ الدُّنْيَا، إِنَّكُمْ لَا تُدْرِكُونَ مَا تَأْمُلُونَ إِلَّا بِالصَّبْرِ عَلَى مَا تَكْرَهُونَ، وَلَا تَبْلُغُونَ مَا تُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا بِتَرْكِ مَا تَشْتَهُونَ، كُنْتُمْ أَمْوَاتًا فَأَحْيَاكُمْ، وَحِينَ أَحْيَاكُمْ مُتُّمْ، وَحِينَ كُنْتُمْ. ضُلَّالًا هَدَاكُمْ، وَحِينَ اهْتَدَيْتُمْ ضَلَلْتُمْ. إِنَّ الزَّانِيَةَ إِذَا حَمَلَتْ يَفْضَحُهَا حَمْلُهَا، وَكَذَلِكَ يَفْتَضِحُ بِالْعَمَلِ مَنْ كَانَ يَغُرُّ النَّاسَ بِالْقَوْلِ الْحَسَنِ وَيَقُولُ مَا لَا يَفْعَلُ.

Translation

✧ Ibn Kathīr, may God Almighty have mercy on him, said: We mentioned previously in the story of Yaḥyā b. Zakarīyā, from some of the early scholars, that ʿĪsā ﷺ used to wear haircloth and eat from tree leaves, and he would not take shelter in a house, nor with family, nor did he own wealth, and he did not store anything for the morrow. Some of them said: He used to eat from the spinning of his mother, may God's blessings and ﷺ. Ibn ʿAsākir narrated with his chain from al-Shaʿbī that he said: When the Hour was mentioned in the presence of ʿĪsā ﷺ, he would cry out and say, 'It is not fitting for the son of Maryam that the Hour be mentioned in his presence and he remain silent.' From ʿAbd al-Malik b. Saʿīd b. Abjar: ʿĪsā, when he heard admonition, would cry out with the cry of a bereaved mother. From Jaʿfar b. Burqān: ʿĪsā used to say: 'O God, I have entered the morning unable to repel what I dislike and unable to possess the benefit of what I hope for; the matter has become in the hand of another, and I have become a hostage to my deeds. There is no poor person poorer than I. O God, do not let my enemy gloat over me, do not grieve my friend through me, do not make my affliction in my religion, and do not give power over me to one who will not have mercy on me.' Al-Fuḍayl b. ʿIyāḍ said, from Yūnus b. ʿUbayd: ʿĪsā used to say: 'No one attains the reality of faith until he does not care from what he eats of this world.' Al-Fuḍayl said: And ʿĪsā used to say: 'I reflected upon creation and found that the one who was never created is more enviable to me than the one who was created.' From al-Ḥasan, he said: Indeed, ʿĪsā is the chief of the ascetics on the Day of Resurrection. He said: And those who flee with their sins will be gathered on the Day of Resurrection with ʿĪsā. He said: While ʿĪsā was sleeping one day on a stone he had used as a pillow, and had found the pleasure of sleep, Iblīs passed by him and said: 'O ʿĪsā, do you not claim that you want nothing of the goods of this world? This stone is among the goods of this world.' So ʿĪsā rose, took the stone, threw it at him, and said: 'This is yours along with the world.' Muʿtamir b. Sulaymān said: ʿĪsā went out to his companions wearing a woolen jubbah, a cloak, and short trousers, barefoot, weeping, disheveled, his complexion yellow from hunger, his lips dry from thirst. He said: 'Peace be upon you, O Children of Israel. I am the one who has put the world in its proper place by God's permission, without wonder and without pride. Do you know where my house is?' They said: 'Where is your house, O Spirit of God?' He said: 'My house is the mosques; my perfume is water; my seasoning is hunger; my lamp at night is the moon; my prayer in winter is the rising places of the sun; my sweet basil is the herbs of the earth; my clothing is wool; my distinguishing mark is fear of the Lord of Might; my companions are the chronically ill and the poor. I enter the morning having nothing, and I enter the evening having nothing, while I am good in spirit, rich, and abounding. Who is richer and more profitable than I?' Ibn ʿAsākir narrated it. From Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, he said: God Almighty revealed to ʿĪsā: 'O ʿĪsā, move from place to place so that you will not be recognized and harmed, for by My might and majesty, I will surely marry you to a thousand ḥūr and hold a wedding feast for you for four hundred years.' This is a strange ḥadīth in its raised form; it may be mawqūf from the narration of Shufayy b. Mātiʿ from Kaʿb al-Aḥbār or other Israelite sources. And God knows best. From Khalaf b. Ḥawshab, he said: ʿĪsā said to the disciples: 'Just as kings have left wisdom to you, so you should leave the world to them.' Qatādah said: ʿĪsā ﷺ said: 'Ask me, for I am soft-hearted and small in my own eyes.' From Ibn ʿUmar, he said: ʿĪsā ﷺ said to the disciples: 'Eat barley bread, drink pure water, and depart from the world safe and secure. Truly I say to you: the sweetness of the world is the bitterness of the Hereafter, and the bitterness of the world is the sweetness of the Hereafter. God's servants are not those who live in luxury. Truly I say to you: the worst of you is a scholar who prefers his desire over his knowledge and wishes that all people were like him.' Abū Muṣʿab said, from Mālik: It reached him that ʿĪsā used to say: 'O Children of Israel, keep to pure water, wild greens, and barley bread, and beware of wheat bread, for you will never fulfill its gratitude.' From Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, he said: ʿĪsā used to say: 'Cross through the world and do not build it up.' And he used to say: 'Love of the world is the root of every error, and the gaze sows desire in the heart.' Wuhayb b. al-Ward related the like, and added: 'How often a desire bequeaths its people long grief.' From ʿĪsā ﷺ: 'O weak son of Adam, fear God wherever you are, be a guest in the world, take the mosques as your home, teach your eye to weep, your body to endure, and your heart to reflect, and do not worry about tomorrow's provision, for that is a sin.' From him ﷺ, he said: 'Just as none of you can build a house on the waves of the sea, so do not make the world an abode.' Concerning this Sābiq al-Barbarī said: You have houses where torrents flow; Can a house remain on water whose foundation is mud? Sufyān al-Thawrī said: ʿĪsā b. Maryam said: 'Love of the world and love of the Hereafter cannot be upright in the heart of a believer, just as water and fire cannot be upright in one vessel.' From Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṣūfī, he said: ʿĪsā said: 'The seeker of the world is like one drinking seawater; the more he drinks, the more thirsty he becomes, until it kills him.' From ʿĪsā ﷺ: 'Satan is with the world, his scheming is with wealth, his adornment is with desire, and his entrenchment is with lusts.' Al-Aʿmash said, from Khaythamah: ʿĪsā used to prepare food for his companions and serve them, saying: 'Thus deal with guests.' And from him: A woman said to ʿĪsā ﷺ: 'Blessed is the lap that carried you and the breast that nursed you.' He said: 'Blessed is the one who reads the Book of God and follows it.' From him: 'Blessed is the one who weeps at the remembrance of his sin, guards his tongue, and whose house is spacious for him.' From him: 'Blessed is an eye that sleeps and does not tell itself of disobedience, and wakes without sin.' From Mālik b. Dīnār, he said: ʿĪsā and his companions passed by a carcass. They said: 'How foul is its smell.' He said: 'How white are its teeth,' to deter them from backbiting. From Zakarīyā b. ʿAdī, he said: ʿĪsā b. Maryam said: 'O assembly of disciples, be content with the lowly things of the world along with soundness of religion, just as the people of the world are content with the lowly things of religion along with soundness of the world.' Zakarīyā said: Concerning this the poet says: I see men content with the least of religion, And I do not see them content in life with what is lowly. So be content, through religion, without the world of kings, Just as kings are content, through their world, without religion. Abū Muṣʿab said, from Mālik: ʿĪsā b. Maryam ﷺ said: 'Do not talk much without mentioning God, lest your hearts harden, for the hard heart is far from God, but you do not know. Do not look at the sins of people as though you are lords; rather look at them as though you are slaves. People are but two kinds: one who is spared and one who is afflicted. Have mercy on the people of affliction, and praise God for well-being.' Al-Thawrī said: I heard my father say, from Ibrāhīm al-Taymī, he said: ʿĪsā said to his companions: 'Truly I say to you: whoever seeks Paradise, barley bread is for him, and sleeping on dung heaps with the dogs is abundant.' Mālik b. Dīnār said: ʿĪsā said: 'Eating barley with ashes, and sleeping on dung heaps with the dogs, is little in seeking Paradise.' From Sālim b. Abī al-Jaʿd, he said: ʿĪsā said: 'Work for God and do not work for your bellies. Look at these birds: they go out in the morning and return in the evening; they do not plow or reap, yet God provides for them. If you say, "Our bellies are larger than those of birds," then look at these cattle among the wild beasts and donkeys: they go out in the morning and return in the evening; they do not plow or reap, yet God provides for them.' From Yazīd b. Maysarah, he said: The disciples said to the Messiah: 'O Messiah of God, look at God's mosque, how beautiful it is.' He said: 'Amen, amen. Truly I say to you: God will not leave a single standing stone of this mosque without destroying it because of the sins of its people. God does not care for gold or silver or these stones that please you. More beloved to God than them are righteous hearts. Through them God makes the earth flourish, and through them God lays waste the earth when they are otherwise.' From Ibn ʿAbbās, from the Prophet ﷺ, he said: ʿĪsā ﷺ passed by a ruined city, and its buildings pleased him. He said: 'O Lord, command this city to answer me.' So God revealed to the city: 'O ruined city, answer ʿĪsā.' The city called out to ʿĪsā: 'My beloved, what do you want from me?' He said: 'What happened to your trees, what happened to your rivers, what happened to your palaces, and where are your inhabitants?' It said: 'My beloved, the true promise of your Lord came; my trees withered, my rivers dried up, my palaces fell into ruin, and my inhabitants died.' He said: 'And where is their wealth?' It said: 'They gathered it from the lawful and the unlawful; it is placed in my belly. To God belongs the inheritance of the heavens and the earth.' He said: ʿĪsā ﷺ called out: 'I marvel at three kinds of people: the seeker of the world while death seeks him, the builder of palaces while the grave is his home, and the one who laughs with his mouth wide open while the Fire is before him. Son of Adam, you are not satisfied by much, nor content with little. You gather your wealth for one who will not praise you, and you advance to a Lord who will not excuse you. You are but a slave of your belly and your desire. You will only fill your belly when you enter your grave. And you, O son of Adam, see the throng of your wealth in the scale of another.' This is a very strange ḥadīth, and it contains a fine admonition, so we recorded it for that reason. From Ibrāhīm al-Taymī, he said: ʿĪsā ﷺ said: 'O assembly of disciples, place your treasures in heaven, for a man's heart is where his treasure is.' From ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. Ẓabyān, he said: ʿĪsā b. Maryam ﷺ said: 'Whoever learns and teaches and acts will be called great in the kingdom of heaven.' Abū Kurayb said: It is related that ʿĪsā ﷺ said: 'There is no good in knowledge that does not cross the valley with you or make you flourish in the assembly.' Ibn ʿAsākir narrated with a strange chain from Ibn ʿAbbās, in marfūʿ form, that ʿĪsā ﷺ stood among the Children of Israel and said: 'O assembly of disciples, do not speak wisdom to other than its people, lest you wrong it, and do not withhold it from its people, lest you wrong them. Matters are of three kinds: a matter whose right course is clear, so follow it; a matter whose error is clear, so avoid it; and a matter about which there is disagreement among you—refer its knowledge to God, Mighty and Majestic.' From ʿIkrimah, he said: ʿĪsā said: 'Do not cast pearls before swine, for the swine does nothing with the pearl. Do not give wisdom to one who does not want it, for wisdom is better than the pearl, and one who does not want it is worse than the swine.' Similarly Wahb and others related from him. From him: He said to his companions: 'You are the salt of the earth, so if you become corrupt, there is no remedy for you. In you are two traits of ignorance: laughing without wonder and morning companionship without night vigil.' From him: It was said to him: 'Who is the greatest trial among people?' He said: 'The slip of the scholar, for when the scholar slips, many people slip with his slip.' From him: He said: 'O evil scholars, you have placed the world above your heads and the Hereafter beneath your feet. Your speech is a cure, and your deeds are a disease. Your likeness is the likeness of the oleander tree: it pleases the one who sees it, and kills the one who eats it.' Wahb said: ʿĪsā said: 'O evil scholars, you have sat at the gates of Paradise, but neither do you enter it nor do you let the poor enter it. The worst of people in God's sight is a scholar who seeks the world through his knowledge.' Makḥūl said: Yaḥyā and ʿĪsā met. ʿĪsā shook his hand while laughing. Yaḥyā said to him: 'O cousin, why do I see you laughing as though you are safe?' ʿĪsā said to him: 'Why do I see you frowning as though you have despaired?' God revealed to both of them: 'The more beloved of you to Me is the one who is more cheerful toward his companion.' Wahb b. Munabbih said: ʿĪsā and his companions stopped at a grave while its occupant was being lowered into it. They began to speak of the grave and its narrowness. He said: 'You were in something narrower than it in your mothers' wombs. When God wills to make it spacious, He makes it spacious.' Abū ʿUmar al-Ḍarīr said: It reached me that when ʿĪsā mentioned death, his skin would drip blood. The reports of this kind are very numerous. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir cited a good portion of them, and we have limited ourselves to this amount. God Almighty is the granter of success to what is right. Mention of a portion of the admonitions of ʿĪsā ﷺ. From Wahb b. Munabbih, he said: ʿĪsā b. Maryam said: 'Wisdom has people who are worthy of it. If you conceal it from its people, you are ignorant; if you speak it before other than its people, you are ignorant. So be like the learned physician who places his remedy where he knows it will benefit.' From ʿĪsā b. ʿAṭiyyah al-Saʿdī and ʿAbd Allāh b. Ziyād b. Samʿān, they said: From one of the People of the Book who accepted Islam, he said: ʿĪsā ﷺ said to the disciples: 'Do not sit with sinners, for sitting with them hardens the heart. Draw near to God, Mighty and Majestic, by separating from them. O assembly of disciples, do not carry the worry of tomorrow upon today. Sufficient for each day is its own worry. Let none of you worry about tomorrow's provision; the Creator of tomorrow will bring you provision in it. Let none of you say when winter approaches: "From where shall I eat and from where shall I clothe myself?" And when summer approaches he says: "From where shall I eat and from where shall I drink?" If you are to remain through winter, then you will have provision in it; if you are to remain through summer, then you will have provision in it. Do not carry the worry of your winter and summer upon your day; sufficient is the worry of each day with what is in it. O assembly of disciples, the son of Adam was created in the world in four stages. In three of them he trusts in God and thinks well of God; in the fourth his thought of his Lord is evil, and he fears that God will forsake him: As for the first stage, he is created in his mother's womb, creation after creation, in three darknesses: the darkness of the belly, the darkness of the womb, and the darkness of the placenta. God causes his provision to flow to him in the darkness of the belly. When he comes out of the belly, he falls upon milk; he does not strive for it with a foot, nor take it with a hand, nor rise to it with strength. Rather he is compelled to it until he is raised above milk and weaned, and he falls into the third stage between two parents who are tender toward him. If they die and leave him an orphan, people show compassion to him; this one feeds him and that one clothes him out of mercy for him, until he reaches his fourth stage, and his creation is complete and gathered, and none provides for him except God. Then he grows bold against God, and goes out against people fighting them over the world. O assembly of disciples, take a lesson from the birds. Have you ever seen a bird store anything? Likewise the beasts and the beasts of prey. Truly I say to you: you have entered upon an evening in a time of a people whose speech is the speech of prophets and whose deeds are the deeds of fools. Their speech is a remedy that cures disease, but your hearts do not accept the remedy. Your hearts weep because of your deeds. The world has become among you like a bride displayed; everyone who sees her loves her, yet she is like a serpent: soft to the touch, deadly is her poison. O assembly of disciples, let your concern for the world be for your own souls, that you may win them, and let not your concern be your bellies and your private parts, filling them with food while starving them of wisdom. Eat barley bread and coarse salt, and leave the world safe. Know that looking at women is a poisoned arrow among the arrows of Iblīs, and it sows desire in the heart. The likeness of the wise man who acts by his wisdom is like the sun: it gives light to creatures and does not burn itself. The likeness of the wise man who does not act by his wisdom is like the lamp: it gives light to those around it, and burns itself. O assembly of disciples, do not strain out the gnat from your drink while you swallow the elephant. Do not look at the sins of people as lords; look at your own sins as slaves. People are but two kinds: one afflicted and one spared. Have mercy on the one afflicted, and praise God for well-being. O Children of Israel, be wise and learned. Do not place wisdom except with its people, and do not conceal it from its people. If you speak wisdom before other than its people, you are ignorant; if you withhold it from its people, you have wronged it and lost it. So be like the learned physician who places his remedy where he knows it will benefit. Pardon people and God, Mighty and Majestic, will pardon you. O Children of Israel, what does a lamp on the roof avail a dark house while its interior is dark? You bring wisdom out to people while you keep rancor in your chests. Do not be like a sieve from which the fine flour comes out while it retains the bran. Thus wisdom comes out of your mouths while rancor remains in your chests. One who wades through water must have his garment touched by water; likewise one who loves the world will not escape sins. Blessed are those who strive by night and tend their deeds in their mosques, watering their crops with the tears of their eyes until they grow and attain the harvest for the day of their need, and find the outcome of that with their Lord. Whoever's crop is bitter will not harvest sweet. O slave of the world, how many are the trees, yet not all of them bear fruit; how many are the scholars, yet not all of them act. A beast, as long as it is not trained, remains refractory. O slaves of the world, you will not attain what you hope for except by patience with what you dislike, and you will not reach what you want except by leaving what you desire. You were dead and He gave you life, and when He gave you life you died, and when you were astray He guided you, and when you were guided you went astray. When the adulteress becomes pregnant, her pregnancy exposes her; likewise he who deceives people with fine speech and says what he does not do is exposed by his deeds.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.