Tarikh (al-Tabari) 3128
The year 198 AH
ذِكْرُ وَقْعَةِ الرَّبَضِ بِقُرْطُبَةَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ كَانَتْ بِقُرْطُبَةَ الْوَقْعَةُ الْمَعْرُوفَةُ بِالرَّبَضِ، وَسَبَبُهَا أَنَّ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ الْأُمَوِيَّ، صَاحِبَهَا، كَانَ كَثِيرَ التَّشَاغُلِ بِاللَّهْوِ وَالصَّيْدِ وَالشُّرْبِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا يُجَانِسُهُ، وَكَانَ قَدْ قَتَلَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ أَعْيَانِ قُرْطُبَةَ، فَكَرِهَهُ أَهْلُهَا، وَصَارُوا يَتَعَرَّضُونَ لِجُنْدِهِ بِالْأَذَى وَالسَّبِّ، إِلَى أَنْ بَلَغَ الْأَمْرُ بِالْغَوْغَاءِ أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُنَادُونَ عِنْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْأَذَانِ: " الصَّلَاةَ يَا مَخْمُورُ الصَّلَاةَ "، وَشَافَهَهُ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالْقَوْلِ، وَصَفَّقُوا عَلَيْهِ بِالْأَكُفِّ، فَشَرَعَ فِي تَحْصِينِ قُرْطُبَةَ وَعِمَارَةِ أَسْوَارِهَا، وَحَفْرِ خَنَادِقِهَا، وَارْتَبَطَ الْخَيْلَ عَلَى بَابِهِ، وَاسْتَكْثَرَ الْمَمَالِيكَ، وَرَتَّبَ جَمْعًا لَا يُفَارِقُونَ بَابَ قَصْرِهِ بِالسِّلَاحِ، فَزَادَ ذَلِكَ فِي حِقْدِ أَهْلِ قُرْطُبَةَ، وَتَيَقَّنُوا أَنَّهُ يَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ لِلِانْتِقَامِ مِنْهُمْ. ثُمَّ وَضَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ عُشْرَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ، مِنْ غَيْرِ حِرْصٍ، فَكَرِهُوا ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ عَمَدَ إِلَى عَشَرَةٍ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ سُفَهَائِهِمْ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ وَصَلَبَهُمْ، فَهَاجَ لِذَلِكَ أَهْلُ الرَّبَضِ، وَانْضَافَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّ مَمْلُوكًا لَهُ سَلَّمَ سَيْفًا إِلَى صَيْقَلٍ لِيَصْقُلَهُ، فَمَطَلَهُ، فَأَخَذَ الْمَمْلُوكُ السَّيْفَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَضْرِبُ الصَّيْقَلَ بِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قَتَلَهُ، وَذَلِكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ شَهَرَ السِّلَاحَ أَهْلُ الرَّبَضِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ أَهْلُ الْأَرْبَاضِ جَمِيعَهُمْ بِالسِّلَاحِ، وَاجْتَمَعَ الْجُنْدُ وَالْأُمَوِيُّونَ وَالْعَبِيدُ بِالْقَصْرِ، وَفَرَّقَ الْحَكَمُ الْخَيْلَ وَالْأَسْلِحَةَ، وَجَعَلَ أَصْحَابَهُ كَتَائِبَ، وَوَقَعَ الْقِتَالُ بَيْنَ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ فَغَلَبَهُمْ أَهْلُ الرَّبَضِ، وَأَحَاطُوا بِقَصْرِهِ، فَنَزَلَ الْحَكَمُ مِنْ أَعْلَى الْقَصْرِ، وَلَبِسَ سِلَاحَهُ، وَرَكِبَ وَحَرَّضَ النَّاسَ، فَقَاتَلُوا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا. ثُمَّ أَمَرَ ابْنَ عَمِّهِ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ، فَثَلَمَ فِي السُّورِ ثُلْمَةً، وَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا وَمَعَهُ قِطْعَةٌ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ، وَأَتَى أَهْلَ الرَّبَضِ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ظُهُورِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا بِهِمْ، فَأَضْرَمُوا النَّارَ فِي الرَّبَضِ، وَانْهَزَمَ أَهْلُهُ، وَقُتِّلُوا مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً، وَأَخْرَجُوا مَنْ وَجَدُوا فِي الْمَنَازِلِ وَالدُّورِ، فَأَسَرُوهُمْ، فَانْتَقَى مِنَ الْأَسْرَى ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ مِنْ وُجُوهِهِمْ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ، وَصَلَبَهُمْ مُنَكَّسِينَ، وَأَقَامَ النَّهْبَ وَالْقَتْلَ وَالْحَرِيقَ وَالْخَرَابَ فِي أَرْبَاضِ قُرْطُبَةَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ. ثُمَّ اسْتَشَارَ الْحَكَمُ عَبْدَ الْكَرِيمِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْوَاحِدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُغِيثِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عِنْدَهُ مَنْ يُوَازِيهِ فِي قُرْبِهِ، فَأَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ بِالصَّفْحِ عَنْهُمْ وَالْعَفْوِ، وَأَشَارَ غَيْرُهُ بِالْقَتْلِ، فَقَبِلَ قَوْلَهُ، وَأَمَرَ فَنُودِيَ بِالْأَمَانِ عَلَى أَنَّهُ مَنْ بَقِيَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرَّبَضِ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ قَتَلْنَاهُ وَصَلَبْنَاهُ، فَخَرَجَ مَنْ بَقِيَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ مُسْتَخْفِيًا، وَتَحَمَّلُوا عَلَى الصَّعْبِ وَالذَّلُولِ خَارِجِينَ مِنْ حَضْرَةِ قُرْطُبَةَ بِنِسَائِهِمْ وَأَوْلَادِهِمْ، وَمَا خَفَّ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، وَقَعَدَ لَهُمُ الْجُنْدُ وَالْفَسَقَةُ بِالْمَرَاصِدِ يَنْهَبُونَ، وَمَنِ امْتَنَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَتَلُوهُ. فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتِ الْأَيَّامُ الثَّلَاثَةُ أَمَرَ الْحَكَمُ بِكَفِّ الْأَيْدِي عَنْ حُرُمِ النَّاسِ، وَجَمَعَهُنَّ إِلَى مَكَانٍ، وَأَمَرَ بِهَدْمِ الرَّبَضِ الْقِبْلِيِّ. وَكَانَ بَزِيعٌ مَوْلَى أُمَيَّةَ ابْنِ الْأَمِيرِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ هِشَامٍ مَحْبُوسًا فِي حَبْسِ الدَّمِ بِقُرْطُبَةَ، فِي رِجْلَيْهِ قَيْدٌ ثَقِيلٌ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَهْلَ قُرْطُبَةَ قَدْ غَلَبُوا الْجُنْدَ، سَأَلَ الْحَرَسَ أَنْ يُفْرِجُوا لَهُ، فَأَخَذُوا عَلَيْهِ الْعُهُودَ إِنْ سَلِمَ أَنْ يَعُودَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَأَطْلَقُوهُ، فَخَرَجَ فَقَاتَلَ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الْجَيْشِ مِثْلُهُ، فَلَمَّا انْهَزَمَ أَهْلُ الرَّبَضِ عَادَ إِلَى السِّجْنِ، فَانْتَهَى خَبَرُهُ إِلَى الْحَكَمِ، فَأَطْلَقَهُ وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ، ( وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ هَذِهِ الْوَقْعَةَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَمِائَتَيْنِ ).
Translation
✧ Mention of the Battle of al-Rabaḍ in Cordoba In this year the well-known Battle of al-Rabaḍ took place in Cordoba. Its cause was that al-Ḥakam b. Hishām al-Umawī, its ruler, was much occupied with diversion, hunting, drinking, and other such things. He had killed a number of the notables of Cordoba, so its people hated him and began to assail his troops with harm and insults, until the matter reached the point that the rabble would call out at the end of the call to prayer: "The prayer, O drunkard, the prayer!" Some of them even confronted him with speech and clapped their hands at him. So he set about fortifying Cordoba, building its walls, and digging its trenches, tied horses at his gate, increased his mamluks, and stationed an armed group who never left the gate of his palace. This only increased the rancor of the people of Cordoba, and they became certain that he was doing this to take vengeance on them. Then he imposed on them a tithe on foodstuffs every year, without eagerness. They disliked that. Then he seized ten of the leaders of their fools, killed them, and crucified them. At that the people of al-Rabaḍ rose up. Added to that was the fact that one of his mamluks handed a sword to a polisher to polish it, and the polisher delayed him. The mamluk took the sword and kept striking the polisher with it until he killed him. That was in Ramaḍān of this year. The first to draw weapons were the people of al-Rabaḍ. All the people of the suburbs gathered with weapons, while the troops, the Umayyads, and the slaves gathered at the palace. Al-Ḥakam distributed horses and weapons and formed his companions into battalions. Fighting broke out between the two parties, and the people of al-Rabaḍ overcame them and surrounded his palace. Al-Ḥakam came down from the top of the palace, put on his armor, mounted, and urged the people on. They fought before him a fierce fight. Then he ordered his cousin ʿUbayd Allāh, who made a breach in the wall, and he went out through it with a detachment of the army and came upon the people of al-Rabaḍ from behind, without them knowing. They set fire to al-Rabaḍ. Its people were routed and suffered a great slaughter. They brought out those they found in the houses and dwellings and took them captive. From the captives he selected three hundred of their leaders, killed them, and crucified them upside down. For three days he kept up plunder, killing, burning, and destruction in the suburbs of Cordoba. Then al-Ḥakam consulted ʿAbd al-Karīm b. ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. ʿAbd al-Mughīth, who had no equal near him in closeness. He advised pardoning them and forgiveness. Others advised killing. He accepted his counsel and ordered that an amnesty be proclaimed, on condition that whoever remained of the people of al-Rabaḍ after three days would be killed and crucified. After that, those who remained went out in concealment, departing from the environs of Cordoba with their women and children and such of their property as was light, riding on the rough and the docile. Troops and profligates lay in wait for them at lookouts, plundering. Whoever resisted them they killed. When the three days had passed, al-Ḥakam ordered that hands be restrained from the sanctities of the people, and he gathered them in one place and ordered the destruction of the southern suburb. Bazīʿ, the mawlā of Umayya b. al-Amīr ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muʿāwiya b. Hishām, was imprisoned in the blood prison in Cordoba, with a heavy fetter on his legs. When he saw the people of Cordoba overcome the troops, he asked the guards to release him. They took pledges from him that, if he was safe, he would return to them, and they set him free. He went out and fought a fierce fight, the like of which was not in the army. When the people of al-Rabaḍ were routed, he returned to the prison. His story reached al-Ḥakam, so he released him and treated him well. (Some have mentioned this battle in the year 202 AH).
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.