Tarikh (al-Tabari) 302
The story of Zakariyyā and Yaḥyā (peace be upon them both)
صفات وشمائل يحيى عليه السلام وَقَوْلُهُ: يَا يَحْيَى خُذِ الْكِتَابَ بِقُوَّةٍ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيًّا يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى عَنْ وُجُودِ الْوَلَدِ وَفْقَ الْبِشَارَةِ الْإِلَهِيَّةِ لِأَبِيهِ زَكَرِيَّا، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّمَهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ فِي حَالِ صِبَاهُ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ: قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: قَالَ الصِّبْيَانُ لِيَحْيَى بْنِ زَكَرِيَّا: اذْهَبْ بِنَا نَلْعَبُ. فَقَالَ: مَا لِلَّعِبِ خُلِقْنَا. قَالَ: وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيًّا وَأَمَّا قَوْلُهُ: وَحَنَانًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي مَا الْحَنَانُ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَقَتَادَةَ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ: وَحَنَانًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا أَيْ: رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا رَحِمْنَا بِهَا زَكَرِيَّا، فَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ هَذَا الْوَلَدَ. وَعَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: ( وَحَنَانًا ) أَيْ: مَحَبَّةً عَلَيْهِ. وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ صِفَةً لِتَحَنُّنِ يَحْيَى عَلَى النَّاسِ، وَلَا سِيَّمَا عَلَى أَبَوَيْهِ، وَهُوَ مَحَبَّتُهُمَا وَالشَّفَقَةُ عَلَيْهِمَا، وَبِرُّهُ بِهِمَا. وَأَمَّا الزَّكَاةُ فَهُوَ طَهَارَةُ الْخُلُقِ وَسَلَامَتُهُ مِنَ النَّقَائِصِ وَالرَّذَائِلِ. وَالتَّقْوَى طَاعَةُ اللَّهِ بِامْتِثَالِ أَوَامِرِهِ وَتَرْكِ زَوَاجِرِهِ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ بِرَّهُ بِوَالِدَيْهِ وَطَاعَتَهُ لَهُمَا أَمْرًا وَنَهْيًا، وَتَرْكَ عُقُوقِهِمَا قَوْلًا وَفِعْلًا، فَقَالَ: وَبَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ جَبَّارًا عَصِيًّا
Translation
✧ The qualities and characteristics of Yaḥyā ﷺ And His saying: “O Yaḥyā, take the Book with strength,” and “We gave him judgment while yet a boy” informs, exalted be He, of the existence of the child in accordance with the divine good tidings to his father Zakariyyā ﷺ, and that Allah taught him the Book and wisdom while he was young, in the state of his childhood. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mubārak said: Maʿmar said: The boys said to Yaḥyā b. Zakariyyā: “Come with us, let us play.” He said: “We were not created for play.” He said: And that is His saying: “And We gave him judgment while yet a boy.” As for His saying: “And tenderness (ḥanān) from Us,” on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, that he said: “I do not know what al-ḥanān is.” And on the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid, ʿIkrimah, Qatādah, and al-Ḍaḥḥāk: “And tenderness from Us” means: mercy from Ourselves by which We had mercy on Zakariyyā, so We granted him this child. And from ʿIkrimah: “And tenderness” means: love upon him. And it is possible that this is a description of Yaḥyā's tenderness toward people, especially toward his parents, which is his love for them, compassion toward them, and dutifulness to them. As for al-zakāh (purity), it is purity of character and its soundness from defects and vices. And al-taqwā (piety) is obedience to Allah by complying with His commands and abandoning His prohibitions. Then He mentioned his dutifulness to his parents and his obedience to them in command and prohibition, and his avoidance of disobedience to them in word and deed, so He said: “And dutiful to his parents, and he was not arrogant, disobedient.”
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No grade is recorded for this wording.