Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2990
The year 176 AH
الْفِتْنَةِ بِدِمَشْقَ وَفِي سنة ست وسبعين ومائة هَاجَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ بِدِمَشْقَ بَيْنَ الْمُضَرِيَّةِ وَالْيَمَانِيَّةِ ، وَكَانَ رَأْسَ الْمُضَرِيَّةِ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ، وَاسْمُهُ عَامِرُ بْنُ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمٍ النَّاعِمِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ سِنَانِ بْنِ أَبِي حَارِثَةَ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ نُشْبَةَ بْنِ غَيْظِ بْنِ مُرَّةَ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ ذُبْيَانَ بْنِ بَغِيضِ بْنِ رَيْثِ بْنِ غَطَفَانَ الْمُرِّيُّ، أَحَدُ فُرْسَانِ الْعَرَبِ الْمَشْهُورِينَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ الْفِتْنَةِ أَنَّ عَامِلًا لِلرَّشِيدِ بِسِجِسْتَانَ قَتَلَ أَخًا لِأَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَخَرَجَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ بِالشَّامِ، وَجَمَعَ جَمْعًا عَظِيمًا، وَقَالَ يَرْثِي أَخَاهُ: سَأَبْكِيكَ بِالْبِيضِ الرِّقَاقِ وَبِالْقَنَا فَإِنَّ بِهَا مَا يُدْرِكُ الطَّالِبُ الْوِتَرَا وَلَسْنَا كَمَنْ يَنْعَى أَخَاهُ بِغَيْرِهِ يُعَصِّرُهَا مِنْ مَاءِ مُقْلَتِهِ عَصْرَا وَإِنَّا أُنَاسٌ مَا تَفِيضُ دُمُوعُنَا عَلَى هَالِكٍ مِنَّا وَإِنْ قَصَمَ الظَّهْرَا وَلَكِنَّنِي أَشْفِي الْفُؤَادَ بِغَارَةٍ أُلَهِّبُ فِي قَطَرَيْ كَتَائِبِهَا جَمْرَا وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ الْأَبْيَاتَ لِغَيْرِهِ وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهَا لَهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّشِيدَ احْتَالَ عَلَيْهِ بِأَخٍ لَهُ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَرْغَبَهُ، ثُمَّ شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ فَكَتَفَهُ، وَأَتَى بِهِ الرَّشِيدَ، فَمَنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَأَطْلَقَهُ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا هَاجَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ فِي الشَّامِ أَنْ رُجَلًا مِنْ [ بَنِي ] الْقَيْنِ خَرَجَ بِطَعَامٍ لَهُ يَطْحَنُهُ فِي الرَّحَا بِالْبَلْقَاءِ، فَمَرَّ بِحَائِطِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ لَخْمٍ أَوْ جُذَامٍ، وَفِيهِ بِطِّيخٌ وَقِثَّاءٌ، فَتَنَاوَلَ مِنْهُ، فَشَتَمَهُ صَاحِبُهُ، وَتَضَارَبَا، وَسَارَ الْقَيْنِيُّ، فَجَمَعَ صَاحِبُ الْبِطِّيخِ قَوْمًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ لِيَضْرِبُوهُ إِذَا عَادَ، فَلَمَّا عَادَ ضَرَبُوهُ وَأَعَانَهُ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ، فَقُتِلَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ، وَطَلَبُوا بِدَمِهِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا لِذَلِكَ. وَكَانَ عَلَى دِمَشْقَ حِينَئِذٍ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، فَلَمَّا خَافَ النَّاسُ أَنْ يَتَفَاقَمَ ذَلِكَ اجْتَمَعَ أَهْلُ الْفَضْلِ وَالرُّؤَسَاءِ لِيُصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمْ، فَأَتَوْا بَنِي الْقَيْنِ فَكَلَّمُوهُمْ، فَأَجَابُوهُمْ إِلَى مَا طَلَبُوا، فَأَتَوُا الْيَمَانِيَّةَ فَكَلَّمُوهُمْ، فَقَالُوا: انْصَرِفُوا عَنَّا حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ، ثُمَّ سَارُوا، فَبَيَّتُوا [ بَنِي ] الْقَيْنِ، فَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ سِتَّمِائَةٍ، وَقِيلَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ، فَاسْتَنْجَدَتِ الْقَيْنُ قُضَاعَةَ وَسَلِيحًا، فَلَمْ يُنْجِدُوهُمْ، فَاسْتَنْجَدَتْ قَيْسًا فَأَجَابُوهُمْ، وَسَارُوا مَعَهُمْ إِلَى الصَّوَالِيكِ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْبَلْقَاءِ، فَقَتَلُوا مِنَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ، وَكَثُرَ الْقِتَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَالْتَقَوْا مَرَّاتٍ. وَعُزِلَ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ عَنْ دِمَشْقَ، وَاسْتُعْمِلَ عَلَيْهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ صَالِحِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، فَدَامَ ذَلِكَ الشَّرُّ بَيْنَهُمْ نَحْوَ سَنَتَيْنِ، وَالْتَقَوْا بِالْبَثْنِيَّةِ، فَقُتِلَ مِنَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ نَحْوُ ثَمَانِمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ اصْطَلَحُوا بَعْدَ شَرٍّ طَوِيلٍ. وَوَفَدَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَلَى الرَّشِيدِ، وَكَانَ مَيْلُهُ مَعَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ، فَوَقَعَ فِي قَيْسٍ عِنْدَ الرَّشِيدِ، فَاعْتَذَرَ عَنْهُمْ عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ بِشْرٍ النَّصْرِيُّ مِنْ بَنِي نَصْرٍ، فَقَبِلَ عُذْرَهُمْ، وَرَجَعُوا. وَاسْتَخْلَفَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ عَلَى دِمَشْقَ ابْنَهُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَكَانَ مَيْلُهُ أَيْضًا مَعَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ، فَأَخَذَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ قَيْسٍ، فَحَبَسَهُمْ، وَضَرَبَهُمْ وَحَلَقَ لِحَاهُمْ، فَنَفَرَ النَّاسُ، وَوَثَبَ غَسَّانُ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ وَلَدِ قَيْسِ بْنِ الْعَبْسِيِّ فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَجَاءَ أَخُوهُ إِلَى نَاسٍ مِنَ الزَّوَاقِيلِ بِحَوْرَانَ، فَاسْتَنْجَدَهُمْ فَأَنْجَدُوهُ وَقَتَلُوا مِنَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ نَفَرًا. ثُمَّ ثَارَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ بِكُلَيْبِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْجُنَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَعِنْدَهُ ضَيْفٌ لَهُ، فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَجَاءَتْ أُمُّ الْغُلَامِ بِثِيَابِهِ إِلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَأَلْقَتْهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: انْصَرِفِي حَتَّى نَنْظُرَ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَخْبِطَ خَبْطَ الْعَشْوَاءِ، حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ الْأَمِيرُ وَنَرْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ دِمَاءَنَا، فَإِنْ نَظَرَ فِيهَا وَإِلَّا فَأَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَنْظُرُ فِيهَا. ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِسْحَاقُ فَأَحْضَرَ أَبَا الْهَيْذَامِ، فَحَضَرَ، فَلَمْ يَأْذَنْ لَهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ نَاسًا مِنَ الزَّوَاقِيلِ قَتَلُوا رُجَلًا مِنَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ، وَقَتَلَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ رُجَلًا مِنْ سُلَيْمٍ، وَنَهَبَتْ أَهْلَ تَلْفِياثَا، وَهُمْ جِيرَانُ مُحَارِبٍ، فَجَاءَتْ مُحَارِبٌ إِلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَرَكِبَ مَعَهُمْ إِلَى إِسْحَاقَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَوَعَدَهُمُ الْجَمِيلَ فَرَضِيَ. فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ أَرْسَلَ إِسْحَاقُ إِلَى الْيَمَانِيَّةِ يُغْرِيهِمْ بِأَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا، وَأَتَوْا أَبَا الْهَيْذَامِ مِنْ بَابِ الْجَابِيَةِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي نَفَرٍ يَسِيرٍ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ، وَاسْتَوْلَى عَلَى دِمَشْقَ، وَأَخْرَجَ أَهْلَ السُّجُونِ عَامَّةً. استنجاد اليمانية بكلب ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَهْلَ الْيَمَانِيَّةِ اسْتَجْمَعَتْ، وَاسْتَنْجَدَتْ كَلْبًا وَغَيْرَهُمْ فَأَمَدُّوهُمْ، وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ أَبَا الْهَيْذَامِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْمُضْرِيَّةِ، فَأَتَتْهُ الْأَمْدَادُ وَهُوَ يُقَاتِلُ الْيَمَانِيَّةَ عِنْدَ بَابِ تُومَا، فَانْهَزَمَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ. ( ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْيَمَانِيَّةَ أَتَتْ قَرْيَةً لِقَيْسٍ عِنْدَ دِمَشْقَ، فَأَرْسَلَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ إِلَيْهِمُ الزَّوَاقِيلَ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ، فَانْهَزَمَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ ) أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ لَقِيَهُمْ جَمْعٌ آخَرُ فَانْهَزَمُوا أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ أَتَاهُمُ الصَّرِيخُ: أَدْرِكُوا بَابَ تُومَا، فَأَتَوْهُ فَقَاتَلُوا الْيَمَانِيَّةَ فَانْهَزَمَتْ أَيْضًا، فَهَزَمُوهُمْ فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا إِلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ. ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِسْحَاقُ إِلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْكَفِّ، فَفَعَلَ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْيَمَانِيَّةِ: قَدْ كَفَفْتُهُ عَنْكُمْ، فَدُونَكُمُ الرَّجُلُ فَهُوَ غَارٌّ، فَأَتَوْهُ مِنْ بَابِ شَرْقِيٍّ مُتَسَلِّلِينَ، فَأَتَى الصَّرِيخُ أَبَا الْهَيْذَامِ، فَرَكِبَ فِي فَوَارِسَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ. ثُمَّ بَلَغَهُ خَبَرُ جَمْعٍ آخَرَ لَهُمْ عَلَى بَابِ تُومَا، فَأَتَاهُمْ، فَهَزَمَهُمْ أَيْضًا، ثُمَّ جَمَعَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ أَهْلَ الْأُرْدُنِّ وَالْخَوْلَانَ وَكَلْبًا وَغَيْرَهُمْ، وَأَتَى الْخَبَرُ أَبَا الْهَيْذَامِ، فَأَرْسَلَ مَنْ يَأْتِيهِ بِخَبَرِهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَقِفْ لَهُمْ عَلَى خَبَرٍ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَجَاءُوا مِنْ جِهَةٍ أُخْرَى كَانَ آمِنًا مِنْهَا لِبِنَاءٍ فِيهَا. فَلَمَّا انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ وَلَمْ يَرَ شَيْئًا فَرَّقَ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَدَخَلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، وَدَخَلَهَا مَعَهُمْ، وَخَلَّفَ طَلِيعَةً، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ إِسْحَاقُ قَدْ دَخَلَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْبِنَاءِ فَهَدَمَهُ، وَأَمَرَ الْيَمَانِيَّةَ بِالْعُبُورِ، فَفَعَلُوا، فَجَاءَتِ الطَّلِيعَةُ إِلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَأَخْبَرُوهُ الْخَبَرَ، وَهُوَ عِنْدَ بَابِ الصَّغِيرِ. وَدَخَلَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ الْمَدِينَةَ وَحَمَلُوا عَلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَلَمْ يَبْرَحْ، وَأَمَرَ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِهِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ الْيَمَانِيَّةَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ، فَفَعَلُوا، فَلَمَّا رَأَتْهُمُ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ تَنَادَوْا: الْكَمِينَ الْكَمِينَ، وَانْهَزَمُوا، وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُمْ سِلَاحًا وَخَيْلًا. فَلَمَّا كَانَ مُسْتَهَلُّ صَفَرٍ جَمَعَ إِسْحَاقُ الْجُنُودَ، فَعَسْكَرُوا عِنْدَ قَصْرِ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَأَعْلَمَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَجَاءَتْهُ الْقَيْنُ وَغَيْرُهُمْ، وَاجْتَمَعَتِ الْيَمَنُ إِلَى إِسْحَاقَ، فَالْتَقَى بَعْضُ الْعَسْكَرِ فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَانْهَزَمَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ وَنَهَبَ أَصْحَابُ أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ بَعْضَ دَارِيَّا، وَأَحْرَقُوا فِيهَا وَرَجَعُوا، وَأَغَارَ هَؤُلَاءِ، فَنَهَبُوا وَأَحْرَقُوا، وَاقْتَتَلُوا غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ، فَانْهَزَمَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ أَيْضًا. فَأَرْسَلَتِ ابْنَةُ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ رَمْلٍ السَّكْسَكِيِّ، وَهِيَ يَمَانِيَّةٌ، إِلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ تَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ الْأَمَانَ، فَأَجَابَهَا، وَكَتَبَ لَهَا، وَنَهَبَ الْقُرَى الَّتِي لِلْيَمَانِيَّةِ بِنَوَاحِي دِمَشْقَ وَأَحْرَقَهَا، فَلَمَّا رَأَتِ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ ذَلِكَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ ابْنُ خَارِجَةَ الْحَرَشِيُّ، وَابْنُ عَزَّةَ الْخُشَنِيُّ، وَأَتَاهُ الْأَوْزَاعُ وَالْأَوْصَابُ، وَمُقْرَا، وَأَهْلُ كَفْرِ سُوسِيَّةَ، وَالْحِمْيَرِيُّونَ، وَغَيْرُهُمْ يَطْلُبُونَ الْأَمَانَ، فَآمَنُهُمْ، فَسَكَنَ النَّاسُ وَأَمِنُوا. وَفَرَّقَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَبَقِيَ فِي نَفَرٍ يَسِيرٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ دِمَشْقَ، فَطَمِعَ فِيهِ إِسْحَاقُ، فَبَذَلَ الْأَمْوَالَ لِلْجُنُودِ لِيُوَاقِعَ أَبَا الْهَيْذَامِ، فَأَرْسَلَ الْعُذَافِرَ السَّكْسَكِيَّ فِي جَمْعٍ إِلَى أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ، فَانْهَزَمَ الْعُذَافِرُ. وَدَامَتِ الْحَرْبُ بَيْنَ أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ وَبَيْنَ الْجُنُودِ مِنَ الظُّهْرِ إِلَى الْمَسَاءِ، وَحَمَلَتْ خَيْلُ أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ عَلَى الْجُنْدِ، فَجَالُوا ثُمَّ تَرَاجَعُوا وَانْصَرَفُوا، وَقَدْ جُرِحَ مِنْهُمْ أَرْبَعُمِائَةٍ، وَلَمْ يُقْتَلْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدٌ، وَذَلِكَ نِصْفَ صَفَرٍ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ لَمْ يَقْتَتِلُوا إِلَى الْمَسَاءِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ آخِرُ النَّهَارِ تَقَدَّمَ إِسْحَاقُ فِي الْجُنْدِ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ عَامَّةَ اللَّيْلِ، وَهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَاسْتَمَدَّ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَأَصْبَحُوا مِنَ الْغَدِ فَاقْتَتَلُوا وَالْجُنْدُ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَجَاءَتْهُمُ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ، وَخَرَجَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ، وَهُمْ قَلِيلُونَ: انْزِلُوا، فَنَزَلُوا، وَقَاتَلُوهُمْ عَلَى بَابِ الْجَابِيَةِ، حَتَّى أَزَالُوهُمْ عَنْهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ جَمْعًا مِنْ أَهْلِ حِمْصَ أَغَارُوا عَلَى قَرْيَةٍ لِأَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَأَرْسَلَ طَائِفَةً مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ فَانْهَزَمَ أَهْلُ حِمْصَ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ بَشَرٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَأَحْرَقُوا قُرًى فِي الْغُوطَةِ لِلْيَمَانِيَّةِ، وَأَحْرَقُوا دَارِيَّا، ثُمَّ بَقُوا نَيِّفًا وَسَبْعِينَ يَوْمًا لَمْ تَكُنْ حَرْبٌ. فَقَدِمَ السِّنْدِيُّ، مُسْتَهَلَّ رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ، فِي الْجُنُودِ مِنْ عِنْدِ الرَّشِيدِ فَأَتَتْهُ الْيَمَانِيَّةُ تُغْرِيهِ بِأَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، وَأَرْسَلَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ إِلَيْهِ يُخْبِرُهُ أَنَّهُ عَلَى الطَّاعَةِ، فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ دِمَشْقَ، وَإِسْحَاقُ بِدَارِ الْحَجَّاجِ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ أَرْسَلَ السِّنْدِيُّ قَائِدًا فِي ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ، وَأَخْرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ أَلْفًا، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمُ الْقَائِدُ رَجَعَ إِلَى السِّنْدِيِّ، فَقَالَ: أَعْطِ هَؤُلَاءِ مَا أَرَادُوا، فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ قَوْمًا الْمَوْتُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْحَيَاةِ، فَصَالَحَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ، وَأَمِنَ أَهْلُ دِمَشْقَ وَالنَّاسُ. وَسَارَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ إِلَى حَوْرَانَ، وَأَقَامَ السِّنْدِيُّ بِدِمَشْقَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَقَدِمَ مُوسَى بْنُ عِيسَى وَالِيًا عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا أَقَامَ بِهَا عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا، وَاغْتَنَمَ غِرَّةَ أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ فَأَرْسَلَ مَنْ يَأْتِيهِ بِهِ، فَكَبَسُوا دَارَهُ، فَخَرَجَ هُوَ وَابْنُهُ خُرَيْمٌ وَعَبْدٌ لَهُ، فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ، وَنَجَا مِنْهُمْ وَانْهَزَمَ الْجُنْدُ. وَسَمِعَتْ خَيْلُ أَبِي الْهَيْذَامِ، فَجَاءَتْهُ مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ، وَقَصَدَ بُصْرَى، وَقَاتَلَ جُنُودَ مُوسَى بِطَرَفِ اللَّجَاةِ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ، وَانْهَزَمُوا، وَمَضَى أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ أَتَاهُ خَمْسُ فَوَارِسَ فَكَلَّمُوهُ، فَأَوْصَى أَصْحَابَهُ بِمَا أَرَادَ، وَتَرَكَهُمْ وَمَضَى، وَذَلِكَ لِعَشْرٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ وَمِائَةٍ. ( وَكَانَ أُولَئِكَ النَّفَرُ قَدْ أَتَوْهُ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَخِيهِ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْكَفِّ، فَفَعَلَ، وَمَضَى مَعَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ بِالتَّفَرُّقِ، وَكَانَ آخِرَ الْفِتْنَةِ، وَمَاتَ أَبُو الْهَيْذَامِ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَثَمَانِينَ وَمِائَةٍ ). فلما هَدَأَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ، وَاسْتَقَامَ أَمْرُ الشَّامِ، وَحَمَلُوا جَمَاعَاتٍ مِنْ رُءُوسِ الْفِتْنَةِ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ السَّلَامِ، فَرَدَّ الرَّشِيدُ أَمْرَهُمْ إِلَى يَحْيَى بْنِ خَالِدٍ، فَعَفَا عَنْهُمْ وَأَطَلْقَهُمْ، وَفِي ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ بَعْضُ الشُّعَرَاءِ: قَدْ هَاجَتِ الشَّامُ هَيْجًا يُشِيبُ رَاسَ وَلِيدِهِ فَصَبَّ مُوسَى عَلَيْهَا بِخَيْلِهِ وَجُنُودِهِ فَدَانَتِ الشَّامُ لَمَّا أَتَى نَسِيجُ وَحِيدِهِ هَذَا الْجَوَادُ الَّذِي بَذَّ كُلَّ جُودٍ بِجُودِهِ أَعْدَاهُ جُودُ أَبِيهِ يَحْيَى وَجُودُ جُدُودِهِ فَجَادَ مُوسَى بْنُ يَحْيَى بِطَارِفٍ وَتَلِيدِهِ وَنَالَ مُوسَى ذُرَى الْمَجْ دِ وَهُوَ حَشْوُ مُهُودِهِ خَصَصْتُهُ بِمَدِيحِي مَنْثُورِهِ وَقَصِيدِهِ مِنَ الْبَرَامِكِ عُودٌ لَهُ فَأَكْرِمْ بَعُودِهِ حَوَوْا عَلَى الشِّعْرِ طُرًّا خَفِيفِهِ وَمَدِيدِهِ
Translation
✧ The dissension in Damascus In the year one hundred and seventy-six, dissension broke out in Damascus between the Muḍariyyah and the Yamāniyyah. The head of the Muḍariyyah was Abū al-Haydhām, whose name was ʿĀmir b. ʿUmārah b. Khuzaym al-Nāʿim b. ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārith b. Khārijah b. Sinān b. Abī Ḥārithah b. Murrah b. Nushbah b. Ghayẓ b. Murrah b. ʿAwf b. Saʿd b. Dhubyān b. Baghīḍ b. Rayth b. Ghaṭafān al-Murrī, one of the famous horsemen of the Arabs. The cause of the dissension was that an agent of al-Rashīd in Sijistān killed a brother of Abū al-Haydhām. So Abū al-Haydhām went out in Syria, gathered a great host, and said, elegizing his brother: I will bewail you with slender white swords and with lances, for by them the seeker attains vengeance. And we are not like one who bewails his brother with other than them, pressing them from the water of his eye, a pressing. We are a people whose tears do not overflow for one of us who perishes, even if he breaks the back. But I heal the heart with a raid in whose two flanks I kindle the embers of its squadrons. It was said that these verses belong to someone else, but the sound view is that they are his. Then al-Rashīd used a stratagem against him through a brother of his, who wrote to him and enticed him. Then he fell upon him, bound his arms behind his back, and brought him to al-Rashīd. But al-Rashīd pardoned him and released him. It was said: The first outbreak of dissension in Syria was that a man from [Banū] al-Qayn went out with some grain of his to grind it at the mill in al-Balqāʾ. He passed by the walled garden of a man from Lakhm or Judhām, in which there were melons and cucumbers, and he took some of it. Its owner reviled him, and they struck one another. The Qaynī went off, and the owner of the melons gathered a group from the people of Yemen to beat him when he returned. When he returned, they beat him, and other people helped him, so a man of the Yamāniyyah was killed. They sought his blood and assembled for that. At that time ʿAbd al-Ṣamad b. ʿAlī was governor of Damascus. When the people feared that this would grow worse, the people of virtue and the chiefs assembled to make peace between them. They came to Banū al-Qayn and spoke to them, and they consented to what they asked. Then they came to the Yamāniyyah and spoke to them, but they said: Leave us until we consider. Then they went off, made a night attack on [Banū] al-Qayn, and killed six hundred of them—or, it was said, three hundred. Al-Qayn sought help from Quḍāʿah and Salīḥ, but they did not help them. They sought help from Qays, and they responded, and marched with them to al-Ṣawālīk in the land of al-Balqāʾ, and killed eight hundred of the Yamāniyyah. Fighting between them increased, and they met many times. ʿAbd al-Ṣamad was dismissed from Damascus, and Ibrāhīm b. Ṣāliḥ b. ʿAlī was appointed over it. That evil continued between them for about two years. They met at al-Bathaniyyah, and about eight hundred of the Yamāniyyah were killed. Then they made peace after long evil. Ibrāhīm b. Ṣāliḥ went as a delegate to al-Rashīd, and his inclination was with the Yamāniyyah. He spoke against Qays before al-Rashīd, but ʿAbd al-Wāḥid b. Bishr al-Naṣrī of Banū Naṣr made excuses for them, and their excuse was accepted, and they returned. Ibrāhīm b. Ṣāliḥ left his son Isḥāq as his deputy over Damascus, and his inclination was also with the Yamāniyyah. He seized a group of Qays, imprisoned them, beat them, and shaved their beards. The people became restive, and Ghassān fell upon a man of the descendants of Qays b. al-ʿAbsī and they killed him. His brother came to some people of the zawāqīl in Ḥawrān, sought their help, and they helped him and killed a number of the Yamāniyyah. Then the Yamāniyyah rose against Kulayb b. ʿAmr b. al-Junayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, while he had a guest with him, and they killed him. The mother of the boy brought his clothes to Abū al-Haydhām and cast them before him. He said: Go away until we consider, for I will not strike blindly like a she-camel with weak eyes, until the amīr comes and we raise our blood claims to him. If he looks into them, then good; otherwise, the Commander of the Faithful will look into them. Then Isḥāq sent for Abū al-Haydhām, and he came, but he did not grant him permission to enter. Then some people of the zawāqīl killed a man of the Yamāniyyah, and the Yamāniyyah killed a man of Sulaym, and plundered the people of Talfiyāthā, who were neighbors of Muḥārib. Muḥārib came to Abū al-Haydhām, and he rode with them to Isḥāq about that, and he promised them good, and they were satisfied. When he departed, Isḥāq sent to the Yamāniyyah, inciting them against Abū al-Haydhām. They assembled and came to Abū al-Haydhām from Bāb al-Jābiyah. He went out against them with a small band and routed them, took control of Damascus, and released the prisoners in general. Seeking help of the Yamāniyyah from Kalb Then the people of the Yamāniyyah gathered, sought help from Kalb and others, and they reinforced them. The news reached Abū al-Haydhām, and he sent to the Muḍariyyah, and reinforcements came to him while he was fighting the Yamāniyyah at Bāb Tūmā, and the Yamāniyyah were routed. (Then the Yamāniyyah came to a village of Qays near Damascus, and Abū al-Haydhām sent the zawāqīl against them, and they fought them, and the Yamāniyyah were routed) also. Then another host met them, and they were routed also. Then the cry for help came to them: Rescue Bāb Tūmā! They went there and fought the Yamāniyyah, and they were routed also. Thus they routed them four times in a single day, then returned to Abū al-Haydhām. Then Isḥāq sent to Abū al-Haydhām, ordering him to desist, and he did so. And he sent to the Yamāniyyah: I have restrained him from you. Now the man is yours, for he is off guard. So they came to him from Bāb Sharqī, stealing in. The cry for help came to Abū al-Haydhām, and he rode with horsemen of his people and fought them and routed them. Then news reached him of another host of theirs at Bāb Tūmā, and he came to them and routed them too. Then the Yamāniyyah gathered the people of al-Urdunn, al-Khawlān, Kalb, and others. The news came to Abū al-Haydhām, and he sent someone to bring him news of them, but he found no trace of them in that direction. They came from another direction which he felt safe from because of a building there. When midday came and he saw nothing, he dispersed his companions, and they entered the city, and he entered with them, leaving a scouting party behind. When Isḥāq saw that he had entered, he sent to that building and demolished it, and ordered the Yamāniyyah to cross over, and they did. The scouting party came to Abū al-Haydhām and told him the news while he was at Bāb al-Ṣaghīr. The Yamāniyyah entered the city and charged Abū al-Haydhām, but he did not move. He ordered some of his companions to come upon the Yamāniyyah from behind them, and they did. When the Yamāniyyah saw them, they cried out: The ambush, the ambush! and were routed. He captured weapons and horses from them. When the first of Ṣafar came, Isḥāq assembled the troops, and they encamped at the palace of al-Ḥajjāj. Abū al-Haydhām informed his companions, and al-Qayn and others came to him, while the Yemen assembled to Isḥāq. Part of the two armies met and fought, and the Yamāniyyah were routed, some of them were killed, and Abū al-Haydhām's companions plundered part of Dārayyā, burned in it, and returned. These raided and plundered and burned, and they fought more than once, and the Yamāniyyah were routed again. The daughter of al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Raml al-Saksakī, a Yamānī woman, sent to Abū al-Haydhām asking for safe-conduct. He granted it and wrote it for her. He plundered the villages belonging to the Yamāniyyah around Damascus and burned them. When the Yamāniyyah saw that, Ibn Khārijah al-Ḥarashī, Ibn ʿAzzah al-Khushanī, and the Awzāʿ, al-Awṣāb, Muqrā, the people of Kafr Sūsiyyah, the Ḥimyarīs, and others sent to him seeking safe-conduct, and he granted them safety. So the people became calm and secure. Abū al-Haydhām dispersed his companions and remained with a small band of the people of Damascus. Isḥāq coveted him, so he offered money to the troops to attack Abū al-Haydhām. He sent al-ʿUdhāfir al-Saksakī with a host against Abū al-Haydhām, and they fought them, and al-ʿUdhāfir was routed. The battle between Abū al-Haydhām and the troops lasted from noon until evening. The cavalry of Abū al-Haydhām charged the troops, and they wavered, then rallied and withdrew, with four hundred of them wounded and none killed. That was in the middle of Ṣafar. The next day they did not fight until evening. At the end of the day, Isḥāq advanced with the troops and fought them most of the night, while they were in the city. Abū al-Haydhām called for reinforcements from his companions. The next morning they fought, the troops being twelve thousand, and the Yamāniyyah came to them. Abū al-Haydhām went out of the city and said to his companions, who were few: Dismount. They dismounted and fought them at Bāb al-Jābiyah until they drove them away from it. Then a host of the people of Ḥimṣ raided a village of Abū al-Haydhām. He sent a band of his companions against them, and they fought them, and the people of Ḥimṣ were routed, and many of them were killed. They burned villages in the Ghūṭah belonging to the Yamāniyyah and burned Dārayyā. Then they remained more than seventy days without war. Al-Sindī arrived at the beginning of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir with troops from al-Rashīd. The Yamāniyyah came to him inciting him against Abū al-Haydhām. Abū al-Haydhām sent to him, informing him that he was obedient. He came forward and entered Damascus, while Isḥāq was at the palace of al-Ḥajjāj. The next day al-Sindī sent a commander with three thousand men. Abū al-Haydhām sent out a thousand against them. When the commander saw them, he returned to al-Sindī and said: Give these people what they want, for I have seen a people to whom death is dearer than life. So Abū al-Haydhām made peace, and the people of Damascus and the people were safe. Abū al-Haydhām went to Ḥawrān. Al-Sindī stayed in Damascus three days, and Mūsā b. ʿĪsā arrived as governor over it. When he entered it, he stayed twenty days. He seized the opportunity of Abū al-Haydhām's heedlessness and sent someone to bring him. They raided his house, but he came out with his son Khuraym and a servant of his, and they fought them, and he escaped from them, and the troops were routed. Abū al-Haydhām's cavalry heard, and they came to him from every direction. He made for Buṣrā and fought Mūsā's troops at the edge of al-Lajāh, killed some of them, and they were routed. Abū al-Haydhām went on, and when morning came, five horsemen came to him and spoke to him. He gave his companions his instructions, left them, and went off. That was ten nights remaining in Ramaḍān of the year one hundred and seventy-seven. (Those men had come to him from his brother, ordering him to desist, and he did so. He went with them and ordered his companions to disperse. That was the end of the dissension. Abū al-Haydhām died in the year one hundred and eighty-two.) When the dissension subsided and the affairs of Syria were set aright, they carried groups of the leaders of the dissension to the City of Peace. Al-Rashīd referred their case to Yaḥyā b. Khālid, and he pardoned them and released them. About that one of the poets said: Syria stirred up a commotion that makes the head of its child turn gray. Mūsā poured upon it his cavalry and his troops. Syria submitted when its unique and peerless one came. This is the generous one who surpassed every generosity with his generosity. He was infected by the generosity of his father Yaḥyā and the generosity of his forefathers. Mūsā b. Yaḥyā was generous with inherited and acquired wealth. Mūsā attained the peaks of glory while still in his cradle's swaddling. I singled him out with my praise, in prose and in poem. A branch of the Barāmikah, so honor his branch! They encompassed poetry entire, its light and its long.
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