Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2955
Then the year 169 AH began
غزو الصائفة وَغَزَا الصَّائِفَةَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ دَرْبِ الرَّاهِبِ مَعْيُوفُ بْنُ يَحْيَى فِي جَحْفَلٍ كَثِيفٍ، وَقَدْ أَقْبَلَتِ الرُّومُ مَعَ بَطْرِيقِهَا فَبَلَغُوا الْحَدَثَ. ذِكْرُ ظُهُورِ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ ظَهَرَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَهُوَ الْمَقْتُولُ بِفَخٍّ عِنْدَ مَكَّةَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْهَادِيَ اسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَلَمَّا وَلِيَهَا أَخَذَ أَبَا الزِّفْتِ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، وَمُسْلِمَ بْنَ جُنْدُبٍ، الشَّاعِرَ الْهُذَلِيَّ، وَعُمَرَ بْنَ سَلَّامٍ، مَوْلَى آلِ عُمَرَ، عَلَى شَرَابٍ لَهُمْ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ، فَضُرِبُوا جَمِيعًا، وَجُعِلَ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ حِبَالٌ، وَطِيفَ بِهِمْ فِي الْمَدِينَةِ. فَجَاءَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى الْعُمَرِيِّ وَقَالَ لَهُ: قَدْ ضَرَبْتَهُمْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَكَ أَنْ تَضْرِبَهُمْ لِأَنَّ أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ لَا يَرَوْنَ بِهِ بَأْسًا، فَلِمَ تُطَوِّفُ بِهِمْ ؟ فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ فَرُدُّوا، وَحَبَسَهُمْ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ، وَيَحْيَى بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، كَفَلَا الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ الْعُمَرِيُّ مِنَ الْحَبْسِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ ضَمِنَ بَعْضُ آلِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ بَعْضًا، وَكَانُوا يُعْرَضُونَ، فَغَابَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْعَرْضِ يَوْمَيْنِ، فَأَحْضَرَ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ وَيَحْيَى بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَسَأَلَهُمَا عَنْهُ، وَأَغْلَظَ لَهُمَا، فَحَلَفَ لَهُ يَحْيَى أَنَّهُ لَا يَنَامُ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَهُ بِهِ، أَوْ يَدُقَّ عَلَيْهِ بَابَ دَارِهِ حَتَّى يَعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ جَاءَهُ بِهِ. فَلَمَّا خَرَجَا قَالَ لَهُ الْحُسَيْنُ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ ! مَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى هَذَا ؟ وَمِنْ أَيْنَ تَجِدُ حَسَنًا ؟ حَلَفْتَ لَهُ بِشَيْءٍ لَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ. فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا نِمْتُ حَتَّى أَضْرِبَ عَلَيْهِ بَابَ دَارِهِ بِالسَّيْفِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْحُسَيْنُ: إِنَّ هَذَا يَنْقُضُ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ أَصْحَابِنَا مِنَ الْمِيعَادِ. وَكَانُوا قَدْ تَوَاعَدُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَظْهَرُوا بِمِنًى وَبِمَكَّةَ فِي الْمَوْسِمِ، فَقَالَ يَحْيَى: قَدْ كَانَ ذَلِكَ، فَانْطَلَقَا وَعَمِلَا فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ لَيْلَتِهِمْ، وَخَرَجُوا آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ، وَجَاءَ يَحْيَى حَتَّى ضَرَبَ عَلَى الْعُمَرِيِّ بَابَ دَارِهِ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ، وَجَاءُوا فَاقْتَحَمُوا الْمَسْجِدَ وَقْتَ الصُّبْحِ، فَلَمَّا صَلَّى الْحُسَيْنُ الصُّبْحَ أَتَاهُ النَّاسُ، فَبَايَعُوهُ عَلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ لِلْمُرْتَضَى مِنْ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَجَاءَ خَالِدٌ الْبَرِيدِيُّ فِي مِائَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْجُنْدِ، وَجَاءَ الْعُمَرِيُّ، وَوَزِيرُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْأَزْرَقُ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ وَاقِدٍ الشَّرَوِيُّ، وَمَعَهُ نَاسٌ كَثِيرٌ، فَدَنَا خَالِدٌ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ يَحْيَى وَإِدْرِيسُ ابْنَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ، فَضَرَبَهُ يَحْيَى عَلَى أَنْفِهِ فَقَطَعَهُ، وَدَارَ لَهُ إِدْرِيسُ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ فَصَرَعَهُ، ثُمَّ قَتَلَاهُ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَدَخَلَ الْعُمَرِيُّ فِي الْمُسَوِّدَةِ، فَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ أَصْحَابُ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَهَزَمُوهُمْ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَانْتَهَبُوا بَيْتَ الْمَالِ، وَكَانَ فِيهِ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، وَقِيلَ سَبْعُونَ أَلْفًا، وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ وَأَغْلَقَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ أَبْوَابَهُمْ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْغَدُ اجْتَمَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ شِيعَةُ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ فَقَاتَلُوهُمْ، وَفَشَتِ الْجِرَاحَاتُ فِي الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، وَاقْتَتَلُوا إِلَى الظُّهْرِ، ثُمَّ افْتَرَقُوا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ مُبَارَكًا التُّرْكِيَّ أَتَى شِيعَةَ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ مِنَ الْغَدِ، وَكَانَ قَدِمَ حَاجًّا، فَقَاتَلَ مَعَهُمْ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ إِلَى مُنْتَصَفِ النَّهَارِ. ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقُوا، وَرَجَعَ أَصْحَابُ الْحُسَيْنِ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، وَوَاعَدَ مُبَارَكٌ النَّاسَ الرَّوَاحَ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ، فَلَمَّا غَفَلُوا عَنْهُ رَكِبَ رَوَاحِلَهُ وَانْطَلَقَ، وَرَاحَ النَّاسُ فَلَمْ يَجِدُوهُ، فَقَاتَلُوا شَيْئًا مِنْ قِتَالٍ إِلَى الْمَغْرِبِ، ثُمَّ تَفَرَّقُوا. وَقِيلَ إِنَّ مُبَارَكًا أَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ يَقُولُ لَهُ: وَاللَّهِ لَأَنْ أَسْقُطَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَتَخْطَفُنِي الطَّيْرُ أَيْسَرُ عَلَيَّ مِنْ أَنْ تَشُوكَكَ شَوْكَةٌ، أَوْ أَقْطَعَ مِنْ رَأْسِكَ شَعْرَةً، وَكَانَ لَا بُدَّ مِنَ الْإِعْذَارِ، فَتَبَيَّتْنِي، فَإِنِّي مُنْهَزِمٌ عَنْكَ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَسَنَ، وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ فِي نَفَرٍ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْ عَسْكَرِهِ صَاحُوا وَكَبَّرُوا، فَانْهَزَمَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ. وَأَقَامَ الْحُسَيْنُ وَأَصْحَابُهُ أَيَّامًا يَتَجَهَّزُونَ، فَكَانَ مُقَامُهُمْ بِالْمَدِينَةِ أَحَدَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا لِسِتٍّ بَقِينَ مِنْ ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجُوا عَادَ النَّاسُ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ الْعِظَامَ الَّتِي كَانُوا يَأْكُلُونَ، ( وَآثَارَهُمْ فَدَعَوْا ) عَلَيْهِمْ. وَلَمَّا فَارَقَ الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ ! لَا خَلَفَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِخَيْرٍ. فَقَالُوا: بَلْ أَنْتَ لَا خَلَفَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ وَلَا رَدَّكَ عَلَيْنَا ! وَكَانَ أَصْحَابُهُ يُحْدِثُونَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَغَسَلَهُ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ. وَلَمَّا أَتَى الْحُسَيْنُ مَكَّةَ أَمَرَ فَنُودِيَ: أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ أَتَانَا فَهُوَ حُرٌّ. فَأَتَاهُ الْعَبِيدُ. فَانْتَهَى الْخَبَرُ إِلَى الْهَادِي، وَكَانَ قَدْ حَجَّ تِلْكَ السَّنَةَ رِجَالٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، مِنْهُمْ: سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمَنْصُورِ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَمُوسَى وَإِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنَا عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى، فَكَتَبَ الْهَادِي إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بِتَوْلِيَتِهِ عَلَى الْحَرْبِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ سَارَ بِجَمَاعَةٍ وَسِلَاحٍ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ لِخَوْفِ الطَّرِيقِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا بِذِي طُوًى، وَكَانُوا قَدْ أَحْرَمُوا بِعُمْرَةٍ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا مَكَّةَ طَافُوا وَسَعَوْا، وَحَلُّوا مِنَ الْعُمْرَةِ، وَعَسْكَرُوا بِذِي طُوًى، وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ حَجَّ مِنْ شِيعَتِهِمْ وَمَوَالِيهِمْ وَقُوَّادِهِمْ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمُ اقْتَتَلُوا يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ، فَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ، وَجُرِحَ، وَانْصَرَفَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ مَا حَالُ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغُوا ذَا طُوًى لَحِقَهُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ يَقُولُ: الْبُشْرَى، الْبُشْرَى، هَذَا رَأْسُ الْحُسَيْنِ فَأَخْرَجَهُ، وَبِجَبْهَتِهِ ضَرْبَةٌ طُولَى، وَعَلَى قَفَاهُ ضَرْبَةٌ أُخْرَى، وَكَانُوا قَدْ نَادَوُا الْأَمَانَ، فَجَاءَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَبُو الزِّفْتِ، فَوَقَفَ خَلْفَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَالْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَأَخَذَهُ مُوسَى بْنُ عِيسَى، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَقَتَلَاهُ. فَغَضِبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا، وَأَخَذَ رُءُوسَ الْقَتْلَى، فَكَانَتْ مِائَةَ رَأْسٍ وَنَيِّفًا، وَفِيهَا رَأْسُ [ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ ] بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ. وَأُخِذَتْ أُخْتُ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَتُرِكَتْ عِنْدَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَاخْتَلَطَ الْمُنْهَزِمُونَ بِالْحَاجِّ، وَأُتِيَ الْهَادِي ( بِسِتَّةِ أَسْرَى )، فَقَتَلَ بَعْضَهُمْ، وَاسْتَبْقَى بَعْضَهُمْ، وَغَضِبَ عَلَى مُوسَى بْنِ عِيسَى كَيْفَ قَتَلَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَقَبَضَ أَمْوَالَهُ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ بِيَدِهِ حَتَّى مَاتَ، وَغَضِبَ عَلَى مُبَارَكٍ التُّرْكِيِّ، وَأَخَذَ مَالَهُ، وَجَعَلَهُ سَائِسَ الدَّوَابِّ، فَبَقِيَ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى مَاتَ الْهَادِي. [ بَدْءُ الْأُسْرَةِ الْإِدْرِيسِيَّةِ بِالْمَغْرِبِ ] وَأَفْلَتَ مِنَ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، فَأَتَى مِصْرَ وَعَلَى بَرِيدِهَا وَاضِحٌ مَوْلَى صَالِحِ بْنِ الْمَنْصُورِ، وَكَانَ شِيعِيًّا لَعَلِيٍّ، فَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى الْبَرِيدِ إِلَى أَرْضِ الْمَغْرِبِ، فَوَقَعَ بِأَرْضِ طَنْجَةَ، بِمَدِينَةِ وَلَيْلَةَ، فَاسْتَجَابَ لَهُ مَنْ بِهَا مِنَ الْبَرْبَرِ. فَضَرَبَ الْهَادِي عُنُقَ وَاضِحٍ وَصَلَبَهُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ الرَّشِيدَ هُوَ الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ. وَإِنَّ الرَّشِيدَ دَسَّ عَلَى إِدْرِيسَ الشَّمَّاخَ الْيَمَامِيَّ، مَوْلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَأَتَاهُ وَأَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ مِنْ شِيعَتِهِمْ، وَعَظَّمَهُ، وَآثَرَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، فَمَالَ إِلَيْهِ إِدْرِيسُ، وَأَنْزَلَهُ عِنْدَهُ. ثُمَّ إِنْ إِدْرِيسَ شَكَا إِلَيْهِ مَرَضًا فِي أَسْنَانِهِ، فَوَصَفَ لَهُ دَوَاءً، وَجَعَلَ فِيهِ سُمًّا، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَنَّ بِهِ عِنْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ، فَأَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ، وَهَرَبَ الشَّمَّاخُ، ثُمَّ اسْتَعْمَلَ إِدْرِيسُ الدَّوَاءَ، فَمَاتَ مِنْهُ، فَوَلَّى الرَّشِيدُ الشَّمَّاخَ بَرِيدَ مِصْرَ. وَلَمَّا مَاتَ إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ خَلَفَ مَكَانَهُ ابْنُهُ إِدْرِيسُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ وَأَعْقَبَ بِهَا، وَمَلَكُوهَا، وَنَازَعُوا بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ فِي إِمَارَةِ الْأَنْدَلُسِ عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. وَحُمِلَتِ الرُّءُوسَ إِلَى الْهَادِي، فَلَمَّا وُضِعَ رَأْسُ الْحُسَيْنِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الْهَادِي قَالَ: كَأَنَّكُمْ قَدْ جِئْتُمْ بِرَأْسِ طَاغُوتٍ مِنَ الطَّوَاغِيتِ ! إِنَّ أَقَلَّ مَا أَجْزِيكُمْ بِهِ أَنْ أَحْرِمَكُمْ جَوَائِزَكُمْ، فَلَمْ يُعْطِهِمْ شَيْئًا. وَكَانَ الْحُسَيْنُ شُجَاعًا، كَرِيمًا، قَدِمَ عَلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَأَعْطَاهُ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ، فَفَرَّقَهَا فِي النَّاسِ بِبَغْدَاذَ وَالْكُوفَةِ، وَخَرَجَ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ لَا يَمْلِكُ مَا يَلْبَسُهُ إِلَّا فَرْوًا لَيْسَ تَحْتَهُ قَمِيصٌ. اشتداد طلب موسى للزنادقة وَفِيهَا: اشْتَدَّ طَلَبُ مُوسَى لِلزَّنَادِقَةِ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ جَمَاعَةً، فَكَانَ فِيمَنْ قَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ كَاتِبُ يَقْطِينٍ وَابْنُهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ يَقْطِينٍ وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ قَدْ حَجَّ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى النَّاسِ فِي الطَّوَافِ يُهَرْوِلُونَ فَقَالَ: مَا أَشْبَهَهُمْ بِبَقَرٍ يَدُوسُ فِي الْبَيْدَرِ. فَقَالَ شَاعِرٌ: قُلْ لِأَمِينِ اللَّهِ فِي خَلْقِهِ وَوُرَّاثِ الْكَعْبَةِ وَالْمِنْبَرْ مَاذَا تَرَى فِي رَجُلٍ كَافِرٍ يُشَبِّهُ الْكَعْبَةَ بِالْبَيْدَرْ وَيَجْعَلُ النَّاسَ إِذَا مَا سَعَوْا حُمْرًا يَدُوسُ الْبُرَّ وَالدَّوْسَرْ فَقَتَلَهُ مُوسَى ثُمَّ صَلَبَهُ، فَسَقَطَتْ خَشَبَتُهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْحَاجِّ فَقَتَلَتْهُ وَقَتَلَتْ حِمَارَهُ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَكَانَ الْمَهْدِيُّ أُتِيَ بِهِ وَبِابْنٍ لِدَاوُدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فَحَبَسَهُمَا لَمَّا أَقَرَّا لَهُ بِالزَّنْدَقَةِ، وَقَالَ لِيَعْقُوبَ: لَوْلَا مُحَمَّدٌ [رَسُولُ اللَّهِ] ﷺ مَنْ كُنْتَ! أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا إِنِّي كُنْتُ جَعَلْتُ عَلَى اللَّهِ عَهْدًا إِنْ وَلَّانِي أَنْ لَا أَقْتُلَ هَاشِمِيًّا لَمَا نَاظَرْتُكَ، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ إِلَى الْهَادِي فَقَالَ: يَا مُوسَى، أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ بِحَقِّي إِنْ وُلِّيتَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ مِنْ بَعْدِي أَنْ لَا تُنَاظِرَهُمَا سَاعَةً وَاحِدَةً. فَمَاتَ ابْنُ دَاوُدَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْحَبْسِ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْهَادِي مِنْ جُرْجَانَ ذَكَرَ وَصِيَّةَ الْمَهْدِيِّ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى يَعْقُوبَ فَأَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ فِرَاشًا، وَأُقْعِدَتْ عَلَيْهِ الرِّجَالُ حَتَّى مَاتَ، وَلَهَا عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ الْحَرُّ شَدِيدًا فَقِيلَ لَهُ: قَدِ انْتَفَخَ، فَقَالَ: ابْعَثُوا بِهِ إِلَى أَخِيهِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ فَأَخْبِرُوهُ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ فِي الْحَبْسِ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا لَيْسَ فِيهِ مَوْضِعٌ لِلْغُسْلِ، فَدُفِنَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ. وَكَانَ لِيَعْقُوبَ ابْنَةٌ تُسَمَّى فَاطِمَةَ، فَوُجِدَتْ حُبْلَى مِنْهُ، وَأَقَرَّتْ بِذَلِكَ، فَأُدْخِلَتْ وَامْرَأَةُ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ دَاوُدَ يُقَالُ لَهَا خَدِيجَةُ عَلَى الْهَادِي - أَوْ عَلَى الْمَهْدِيِّ - فَأَقَرَّتَا بِالزَّنْدَقَةِ وَأَقَرَّتْ فَاطِمَةُ أَنَّهَا حُبْلَى مِنْ أَبِيهَا، فَأَرْسَلَ بِهِمَا إِلَى رَيْطَةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ فَرَأَتْهُمَا مُكَحَّلَتَيْنِ مَخْضُوبَتَيْنِ، فَعَذَلَتْهُمَا، خُصُوصًا الْبِنْتَ، فَقَالَتْ: أَكْرَهَنِي - فَقَالَتْ لَهَا: فَمَا بَالُ الْخِضَابِ وَالْكُحْلِ وَلَعَنَتْهُمَا، فَفَزِعَتَا فَمَاتَتَا. وَفِيهَا خَرَجَ بِالْجَزِيرَةِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، وَعَلَى خَرَاجِهَا الْمَنْصُورُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، فَسَيَّرَ جَيْشًا إِلَى الْخَارِجِيِّ، فَالْتَقَوْا بِبَاعَرْبَايَا، مِنْ بَلَدِ الْمَوْصِلِ، فَهَزَمَهُمُ الْخَارِجِيُّ وَغَنِمَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَقَوِيَ أَمْرُهُ، فَأَتَى رَجُلَانِ، وَصَحِبَاهُ، ثُمَّ اغْتَالَاهُ فَقَتَلَاهُ. من حج في هذه السنة وَفِيهَا: حَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْمَنْصُورِ. وَكَانَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْعُمَرِيُّ، وَكَانَ عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَالطَّائِفِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ قُثَمَ، وَعَلَى الْيَمَنِ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ سَلْمِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ، وَعَلَى الْيَمَامَةِ وَالْبَحْرَيْنِ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ أَبِي سُوَيْدٍ الخُرَاسَانِيُّ، وَعَلَى صَلَاةِ الْكُوفَةِ وَأَحْدَاثِهَا مُوسَى بْنُ عِيسَى، وَعَلَى صَلَاةِ الْبَصْرَةِ وَأَحْدَاثِهَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، وَعَلَى قَضَائِهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَلَى جُرْجَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ مَوْلَى الْهَادِي، وَعَلَى قُومِسَ زِيَادُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، وَعَلَى طَبَرِسْتَانَ وَالرُّويَانِ صَالِحُ بْنُ شَيْخِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرَةَ الْأَسَدِيُّ.
Translation
✧ The Summer Expedition Maʿyūf b. Yaḥyā raided the summer expedition by way of Darb al-Rāhib with a dense host. The Byzantines had advanced with their patrician and reached al-Ḥadath. The Appearance of al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan In this year al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib appeared in al-Madīnah. He is the one killed at Fakhkh near Makkah. The reason for that was that al-Hādī had appointed over al-Madīnah ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. When he took charge of it, he seized Abū al-Zift al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥasan, Muslim b. Jundub the Hudhalī poet, and ʿUmar b. Sallām, a client of the family of ʿUmar, on account of a drink of theirs. He ordered them, and they were all flogged, ropes were placed on their necks, and they were paraded around al-Madīnah. Al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī came to al-ʿUmarī and said to him: “You have flogged them, and it was not for you to flog them because the people of Iraq see no harm in it. So why do you parade them around?” He ordered that they be brought back, and he imprisoned them. Then al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī and Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥasan stood surety for al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad, so al-ʿUmarī released him from prison. Some of the family of Abū Ṭālib had stood surety for one another, and they used to be presented. Al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad was absent from the presentation for two days, so he summoned al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī and Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd Allāh, and questioned them about him, and spoke harshly to them. Yaḥyā swore to him that he would not sleep until he brought him, or until he knocked on the door of his house so that he would know that he had brought him. When the two went out, al-Ḥusayn said to him: “Glory be to God! What called you to this? And where will you find Ḥasan? You swore to him something you cannot fulfill.” He said: “By God, I will not sleep until I strike the door of his house with the sword.” Al-Ḥusayn said to him: “This breaks the appointment that was between us and our companions.” They had agreed to appear at Minā and Makkah during the pilgrimage season. Yaḥyā said: “That has happened.” They departed and set about it that very night, and they went out at the end of the night. Yaḥyā came and struck the door of al-ʿUmarī’s house, but did not find him. They came and stormed the mosque at dawn. When al-Ḥusayn prayed the dawn prayer, people came to him and pledged allegiance to him on the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Prophet for the one pleasing to God from the family of Muḥammad. Khālid al-Barīdī came with two hundred soldiers, and al-ʿUmarī came, and Wazīr b. Isḥāq al-Azraq, and Muḥammad b. Wāqid al-Sharawī, and with him many people. Khālid drew near to them, so Yaḥyā and Idrīs, the two sons of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥasan, rose against him. Yaḥyā struck him on the nose and cut it off, and Idrīs went around behind him and struck him and threw him down, then the two killed him. His companions fled. Al-ʿUmarī entered among the black-clad ones, and al-Ḥusayn’s companions charged them and routed them from the mosque. They looted the treasury, which contained some ten thousand dinars, or it is said seventy thousand. The people dispersed and the people of al-Madīnah shut their doors. The next day the Shīʿah of the Banū al-ʿAbbās gathered against them and fought them. Wounds spread among both parties, and they fought until noon, then separated. Then Mubārak al-Turkī came to the Shīʿah of the Banū al-ʿAbbās on the following day; he had arrived as a pilgrim, and he fought with them. They fought a most severe battle until midday. Then they separated, and al-Ḥusayn’s companions returned to the mosque. Mubārak promised the people to return to the fighting in the afternoon. When they were heedless of him, he mounted his riding camels and departed. The people went in the afternoon but did not find him, and they fought a little until sunset, then separated. It is said that Mubārak sent to al-Ḥusayn saying to him: “By God, for me to fall from the sky and be snatched by birds would be easier for me than for a thorn to prick you or for me to cut a hair from your head. There must be an excuse, so spend the night near me, for I will flee from you.” He sent al-Ḥasan to him, and went out to him with a few men. When they drew near his camp, they shouted and proclaimed the takbīr, and he and his companions fled. Al-Ḥusayn and his companions remained for some days making preparations. Their stay in al-Madīnah was eleven days, then they departed with six nights remaining of Dhū al-Qaʿdah. When they left, the people returned to the mosque and found in it the bones that they had been eating and their traces, and they invoked God against them. When he left al-Madīnah, he said: “O people of al-Madīnah, may God not compensate you with good.” They said: “Rather, may God not compensate you nor return you to us!” His companions used to relieve themselves in the mosque, so the people of al-Madīnah washed it. When al-Ḥusayn came to Makkah, he ordered it to be proclaimed: “Any slave who comes to us is free.” The slaves came to him. The news reached al-Hādī. Men from his household had performed the pilgrimage that year, among them Sulaymān b. al-Manṣūr, Muḥammad b. Sulaymān b. ʿAlī, al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, and Mūsā and Ismāʿīl the two sons of ʿĪsā b. Mūsā. Al-Hādī wrote to Muḥammad b. Sulaymān appointing him over the war. He had set out with a group and weapons from al-Baṣrah out of fear of the road. They gathered at Dhū Ṭuwā, and they had entered into iḥrām for an ʿumrah. When they arrived in Makkah, they circumambulated and ran, and exited the iḥrām of the ʿumrah, and encamped at Dhū Ṭuwā. Those of their Shīʿah, clients, and commanders who had performed the pilgrimage joined him. Then they fought on the Day of Tarwiyah. Al-Ḥusayn’s companions were defeated, and some of them were killed and wounded. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān and those with him returned to Makkah, not knowing al-Ḥusayn’s condition. When they reached Dhū Ṭuwā, a man from the people of Khurāsān caught up with them saying: “Good news, good news! This is the head of al-Ḥusayn.” He brought it out. On his forehead was a long wound, and on the back of his neck another wound. They had proclaimed a guarantee of safety. Al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh, Abū al-Zift, came and stood behind Muḥammad b. Sulaymān and al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad. Mūsā b. ʿĪsā and ʿAbd Allāh b. al-ʿAbbās b. Muḥammad seized him and killed him. Muḥammad b. Sulaymān became extremely angry. He took the heads of the slain, which were a hundred and some, among them the head of al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī. Al-Ḥusayn’s sister was taken and left with Zaynab bt. Sulaymān. The defeated mixed with the pilgrims. Six captives were brought to al-Hādī. He killed some of them and spared some. He was angry with Mūsā b. ʿĪsā for how he had killed al-Ḥasan b. Muḥammad, and he seized his wealth, which remained in his possession until he died. He was angry with Mubārak al-Turkī, seized his wealth, and made him a groom of the riding animals. He remained thus until al-Hādī died. The Beginning of the Idrīsid Dynasty in the Maghrib Among the defeated, Idrīs b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī escaped. He came to Egypt, whose postal chief was Wāḍiḥ, a client of Ṣāliḥ b. al-Manṣūr, and he was a Shīʿī loyal to ʿAlī. He carried him by the postal service to the land of the Maghrib. He arrived in the land of Tangier, in the city of Walīla. The Berbers there responded to him. Al-Hādī struck Wāḍiḥ’s neck and crucified him. It is said that al-Rashīd is the one who killed him. Al-Rashīd sent secretly against Idrīs al-Shammākh al-Yamāmī, a client of al-Mahdī. He came to him and pretended to be one of their Shīʿah, honored him, and preferred him over himself. Idrīs inclined toward him and lodged him with himself. Then Idrīs complained to him of an illness in his teeth. He prescribed a remedy for him and put poison in it, and ordered him to clean his teeth with it at dawn. He took it from him, and al-Shammākh fled. Then Idrīs used the remedy and died from it. Al-Rashīd appointed al-Shammākh over the postal service of Egypt. When Idrīs b. ʿAbd Allāh died, his son Idrīs b. Idrīs succeeded him in his place and left descendants there. They ruled it and contended with the Umayyads over the rule of al-Andalus, as we shall mention, God Almighty willing. The heads were carried to al-Hādī. When the head of al-Ḥusayn was placed before al-Hādī, he said: “It is as though you have brought the head of a tyrant among tyrants! The least I will recompense you with is to deprive you of your rewards.” He gave them nothing. Al-Ḥusayn was brave and generous. He had come to al-Mahdī, and he gave him forty thousand dinars, which he distributed among the people in Baghdad and al-Kūfah. He left al-Kūfah owning nothing to wear except a fur garment with no shirt beneath it. The Intensification of Mūsā’s Pursuit of the Zanādiqah In this year Mūsā’s pursuit of the zanādiqah (heretics) intensified, and he killed a group of them. Among those he killed was the secretary of Yaqṭīn and his son ʿAlī b. Yaqṭīn. ʿAlī had performed the pilgrimage and saw people hurrying in the circumambulation, and he said: “How much they resemble cattle trampling on the threshing floor.” A poet said: Say to the trustee of God over His creation, and the heirs of the Kaʿbah and the pulpit: What do you think of a disbelieving man who likens the Kaʿbah to a threshing floor, and makes the people, when they hasten, red oxen trampling wheat and wild oats? Mūsā killed him and then crucified him. His wooden cross fell on a man from the pilgrims and killed him and killed his donkey. Among the Banū Hāshim killed was Yaʿqūb b. al-Faḍl b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbbās b. Rabīʿah b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. Al-Mahdī had brought him and a son of Dāwūd b. ʿAlī and imprisoned the two when they confessed to him of zandaqah. He said to Yaʿqūb: “Were it not for Muḥammad ﷺ, who would you be? By God, were it not that I had made a covenant with God that if He granted me authority I would not kill a Hāshimī, I would not have debated with you.” Then he turned to al-Hādī and said: “O Mūsā, I adjure you by my right, if you assume this affair after me, not to debate with the two of them for even one hour.” The son of Dāwūd b. ʿAlī died in prison before al-Mahdī’s death. When al-Hādī came from Jurjān, he remembered al-Mahdī’s testament. He sent for Yaʿqūb and threw a mattress over him, and men were seated on it until he died, and it was taken off him. The heat was intense, and it was said to him: “He has become bloated.” He said: “Send him to his brother Isḥāq b. al-Faḍl and inform them that he died in prison.” He was sent to him, and there was no place on him for washing, so he was buried immediately. Yaʿqūb had a daughter named Fāṭimah, and she was found to be pregnant by him, and she admitted that. She and the wife of Yaʿqūb b. Dāwūd, who was called Khadījah, were brought before al-Hādī – or before al-Mahdī – and both confessed to zandaqah. Fāṭimah admitted that she was pregnant by her father. He sent the two of them to Rayṭah bt. Abī al-ʿAbbās. She saw them with kohl and dyed hands, and she reproached them, especially the daughter. She said: “He forced me.” She said to her: “Then what of the dye and the kohl?” She cursed them both, and the two took fright and died. In this year Ḥamzah b. Mālik al-Khuzāʿī rose in al-Jazīrah, whose tax collector was al-Manṣūr b. Ziyād. He sent an army against the Khārijī. They met at Bāʿarbāyā, in the region of al-Mawṣil. The Khārijī routed them and seized their wealth, and his affair grew strong. Two men came and accompanied him, then assassinated him and killed him. Those Who Performed the Pilgrimage in This Year In this year Sulaymān b. al-Manṣūr led the people in the pilgrimage. Over al-Madīnah was ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-ʿUmarī. Over Makkah and al-Ṭāʾif was ʿUbayd Allāh b. Qutham. Over al-Yaman was Ibrāhīm b. Salm b. Qutaybah. Over al-Yamāmah and al-Baḥrayn was Suwayd b. Abī Suwayd al-Khurāsānī. Over the prayer of al-Kūfah and its events was Mūsā b. ʿĪsā. Over the prayer of al-Baṣrah and its events was Muḥammad b. Sulaymān. Over its judiciary was ʿUmar b. ʿUthmān. Over Jurjān was al-Ḥajjāj, a client of al-Hādī. Over Qūmis was Ziyād b. Ḥassān. Over Ṭabaristān and al-Rūyān was Ṣāliḥ b. Shaykh b. Abī ʿUmayrah al-Asadī.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.