Tarikh (al-Tabari) 295
The story of Zakariyyā and Yaḥyā (peace be upon them both)
دعاء زكريا عليه السلام وَأَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَفَلَ مَرْيَمَ بِنْتَ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مَاثَانَ، وَكَانَ كُلَّمَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا مِحْرَابَهَا وَجَدَ عِنْدَهَا فَاكِهَةً فِي غَيْرِ أَوَانِهَا، وَلَا فِي أَوَانِهَا، وَهَذِهِ مِنْ كَرَامَاتِ الْأَوْلِيَاءِ، فَعَلِمَ أَنَّ الرَّازِقَ لِلشَّيْءِ فِي غَيْرِ أَوَانِهِ قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَرْزُقَهُ وَلَدًا، وَإِنْ كَانَ قَدْ طَعَنَ فِي سِنِّهِ. هُنَالِكَ دَعَا زَكَرِيَّا رَبَّهُ قَالَ رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ ذُرِّيَّةً طَيِّبَةً إِنَّكَ سَمِيعُ الدُّعَاءِ وَقَوْلُهُ: وَإِنِّي خِفْتُ الْمَوَالِيَ مِنْ وَرَائِي وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَتِي عَاقِرًا قِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ بِالْمَوَالِي الْعُصْبَةُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ خَافَ مِنْ تَصَرُّفِهِمْ بَعْدَهُ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ بِمَا لَا يُوَافِقُ شَرْعَ اللَّهِ وَطَاعَتَهُ، فَسَأَلَ وُجُودَ وَلَدٍ مِنْ صُلْبِهِ يَكُونُ بَرًّا تَقِيًّا مَرْضِيًّا، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: فَهَبْ لِي مِنْ لَدُنْكَ أَيْ: مِنْ عِنْدِكَ بِحَوْلِكَ وَقُوَّتِكَ. الأنبياء لا تورث وَلِيًّا يَرِثُنِي أَيْ: فِي النُّبُوَّةِ وَالْحُكْمِ فِي بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ. وَيَرِثُ مِنْ آلِ يَعْقُوبَ وَاجْعَلْهُ رَبِّ رَضِيًّا يَعْنِي كَمَا كَانَ آبَاؤُهُ وَأَسْلَافُهُ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ يَعْقُوبَ أَنْبِيَاءَ، فَاجْعَلْهُ مِثْلَهُمْ فِي الْكَرَامَةِ الَّتِي أَكْرَمْتَهُمْ بِهَا مِنَ النُّبُوَّةِ وَالْوَحْيِ. وَلَيْسَ الْمُرَادُ هَاهُنَا وِرَاثَةَ الْمَالِ. قَالَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ فَهَذَا نَصٌّ عَلَى أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَا يُورَثُ، وَلِهَذَا مَنَعَ الصِّدِّيقُ أَنْ يُصْرَفُ مَا كَانَ يَخْتَصُّ بِهِ فِي حَيَاتِهِ إِلَى أَحَدٍ مِنْ وُرَّاثِهِ الَّذِينَ لَوْلَا هَذَا النَّصُّ لَصُرَفَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَهُمُ: ابْنَتُهُ فَاطِمَةُ، وَأَزْوَاجُهُ التِّسْعُ، وَعَمُّهُ الْعَبَّاسُ، ؓ، وَاحْتَجَّ عَلَيْهِمُ الصِّدِّيقُ فِي مَنْعِهِ إِيَّاهُمْ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ، وَقَدْ وَافَقَهُ عَلَى رِوَايَتِهِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ، وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ وَطَلْحَةُ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَآخَرُونَ، ؓ. الثَّانِي أَنَّ التِّرْمِذِيَّ رَوَاهُ بِلَفْظٍ يَعُمُّ سَائِرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: نَحْنُ مُعَاشِرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَا نُورَثُ وَصَحَّحَهُ. الثَّالِثُ أَنَّ الدُّنْيَا كَانَتْ أَحْقَرَ عِنْدَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ أَنْ يَكْنِزُوا لَهَا أَوْ يَلْتَفِتُوا إِلَيْهَا أَوْ يُهِمَّهُمْ أَمْرُهَا، حَتَّى يَسْأَلُوا الْأَوْلَادَ لِيَحُوزُوهَا بَعْدَهُمْ ; فَإِنَّ مَنْ لَا يَصِلُ إِلَى قَرِيبٍ مِنْ مَنَازِلِهِمْ فِي الزَّهَادَةِ لَا يَهْتَمُّ بِهَذَا الْمِقْدَارِ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ وَلَدًا يَكُونُ وَارِثًا لَهُ فِيهَا. عمل زكريا عليه السلام الرَّابِعُ، أَنَّ زَكَرِيَّا، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، كَانَ نَجَّارًا يَعْمَلُ بِيَدِهِ، وَيَأْكُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِهَا ، كَمَا كَانَ دَاوُدُ، عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، يَأْكُلُ مِنْ كَسْبِ يَدِهِ، وَالْغَالِبُ - وَلَا سِيَّمَا مَنْ مِثْلُ حَالِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ - أَنَّهُ لَا يُجْهِدُ نَفْسَهُ فِي الْعَمَلِ إِجْهَادًا يَسْتَفْضِلُ مِنْهُ مَالًا يَكُونُ ذَخِيرَةً لَهُ يَخْلُفُهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَهَذَا أَمْرٌ بَيِّنٌ وَاضِحٌ لِكُلِّ مِنْ تَأَمَّلَهُ بِتَدَبُّرٍ وَتَفَهُّمٍ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ. قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: كَانَ زَكَرِيَّا نَجَّارًا.
Translation
✧ Zakariyyā’s supplication ﷺ And when he took charge of Maryam bt. ʿImrān b. Māthān, every time he entered her prayer chamber he found with her fruit out of its season and in its season, and this is among the miracles of the saints. So he knew that the One who provides a thing out of its season is able to provide him a son, even though he had reached an advanced age. There Zakariyyā called upon his Lord: “My Lord, grant me from Yourself a good offspring. Indeed, You are the Hearer of supplication.” And his saying: “And indeed, I fear the kinsmen after me, and my wife has been barren.” It is said: By “kinsmen” is meant the ʿaṣabah (male relatives). It was as though he feared their conduct after him among the Children of Israel in a way that would not accord with God’s law and obedience to Him. So he asked for a son from his own loins who would be righteous, pious, and well-pleasing. For this reason he said: “So grant me from Yourself,” meaning: from You, by Your power and Your strength. Prophets are not inherited from “A heir who shall inherit from me,” meaning: in prophethood and rule among the Children of Israel, “and inherit from the family of Yaʿqūb. And make him, my Lord, pleasing,” meaning: just as his forefathers and predecessors from the progeny of Yaʿqūb were prophets, make him like them in the honor with which You honored them of prophethood and revelation. What is meant here is not inheritance of wealth. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “We are not inherited from; what we leave is charity.” This is an explicit text that the Messenger of God ﷺ is not inherited from. For this reason al-Ṣiddīq prevented what he had exclusively possessed in his lifetime from being distributed to any of his heirs who, were it not for this text, would have received it: his daughter Fāṭimah, his nine wives, and his uncle al-ʿAbbās ؓ. Al-Ṣiddīq used this ḥadīth as proof against them in preventing them, and those who agreed with him in transmitting it from the Messenger of God ﷺ were ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf, Ṭalḥah, al-Zubayr, Abū Hurayrah, and others ؓ. Second: al-Tirmidhī narrated it with wording that includes all prophets: “We, the company of prophets, are not inherited from,” and he declared it sound. Third: the world was too insignificant in the eyes of the prophets for them to hoard for it or turn to it or be concerned with its affairs, such that they would ask for children in order to acquire it after them. For one who does not come near their stations in asceticism would not be concerned to this extent to ask for a son who would be his heir in it. The work of Zakariyyā ﷺ Fourth: Zakariyyā ﷺ was a carpenter who worked with his own hands and ate from his earnings, just as Dāwūd ﷺ ate from the earnings of his hand. And the prevailing assumption—especially for one in the state of the prophets—is that he would not exhaust himself in work to the extent that he would have surplus wealth as a reserve to leave behind for his heirs. This is a clear and evident matter for everyone who reflects upon it with consideration and understanding, if God wills. Imām Aḥmad said: On the authority of Abū Hurayrah that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: “Zakariyyā was a carpenter.”
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.