Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2794
Then the year 145 AH began
ذِكْرُ مَسِيرِ عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَقَتْلِهِ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمَنْصُورَ أَحْضَرَ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ عِيسَى بْنَ مُوسَى بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَأَمَرَهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لِقِتَالِ مُحَمَّدٍ. فَقَالَ: شَاوِرْ عُمُومَتَكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: فَأَيْنَ قَوْلُ ابْنِ هَرْمَةَ: تَرَوْنَ أَمْرَأً لَا يُمْحِضُ الْقَوْمَ سِرَّهُ وَلَا يَنْتَجِي الْأُذْنَيْنِ عَمَّا يُحَاوِلُ إِذَا مَا أَتَى شَيْئًا مَضَى كَالَّذِي أَتَى وَإِنْ قَالَ إِنِّي فَاعِلٌ فَهْوَ فَاعِلُ. فَقَالَ الْمَنْصُورُ: امْضِ أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا يُرَادُ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرُكَ، وَمَا هُوَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَشْخَصَ أَنْتَ أَوْ أَشْخَصَ أَنَا. فَسَارَ وَسَيَّرَ مَعَهُ الْجُنُودَ. وَقَالَ الْمَنْصُورُ لَمَّا سَارَ عِيسَى: لَا أُبَالِي أَيُّهُمَا قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُ. وَبَعَثَ مَعَهُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَبَّاسِ السَّفَّاحِ، وَكَثِيرَ بْنَ حُصَيْنٍ الْعَبْدِيَّ، وَابْنَ قَحْطَبَةَ، وَهَزَارَ مَرَدَ وَغَيْرَهُمْ، وَقَالَ لَهُ حِينَ وَدَّعَهُ: يَا عِيسَى إِنِّي أَبْعَثُكَ إِلَى مَا بَيْنَ هَذَيْنِ، وَأَشَارَ إِلَى جَنْبَيْهِ، فَإِنْ ظَفِرْتَ بِالرَّجُلِ فَأَغْمِدْ سَيْفَكَ، وَابْذُلِ الْأَمَانَ، وَإِنْ تَغَيَّبَ فَضَمِّنْهُمْ إِيَّاهُ فَإِنَّهُمْ يَعْرِفُونَ مَذَاهِبَهُ، وَمَنْ لَقِيَكَ مِنْ آلِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فَاكْتُبْ إِلَيَّ بِاسْمِهِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَلْقَكَ فَاقْبِضْ مَالَهُ. وَكَانَ جَعْفَرٌ الصَّادِقُ تَغَيَّبَ عَنْهُ فَقَبَضَ مَالَهُ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ الْمَنْصُورُ الْمَدِينَةَ قَالَ لَهُ جَعْفَرٌ فِي مَعْنَى مَالِهِ، فَقَالَ: قَبَضَهُ مَهْدِيُّكُمْ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ عِيسَى إِلَى فَيْدَ كَتَبَ إِلَى النَّاسِ فِي خِرَقِ حَرِيرٍ، مِنْهُمْ: عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ صَفْوَانَ الْجُمَحِيُّ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فِيمَنْ أَطَاعَهُ، فَخَرَجَ هُوَ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، وَأَبُو عَقِيلٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَقِيلٍ، وَأَبُو عِيسَى. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ مُحَمَّدًا قُرْبُ عِيسَى مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ اسْتَشَارَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي الْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَوِ الْمُقَامِ بِهَا، فَأَشَارَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالْخُرُوجِ عَنْهَا، وَأَشَارَ بَعْضُهُمْ بِالْمُقَامِ بِهَا لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ " رَأَيْتُنِي فِي دِرْعٍ حَصِينَةٍ فَأَوَّلْتُهَا الْمَدِينَةَ "، فَأَقَامَ. ثُمَّ اسْتَشَارَهُمْ فِي حَفْرِ خَنْدَقِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لَهُ جَابِرُ بْنُ أَنَسٍ، رَئِيسُ سُلَيْمٍ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ نَحْنُ أَخْوَالُكَ وَجِيرَانُكَ، وَفِينَا السِّلَاحُ وَالْكُرَاعُ، فَلَا تُخَنْدِقِ الْخَنْدَقَ، فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَنْدَقَ خَنْدَقَهُ لِمَا اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ، وَإِنْ خَنْدَقْتَهُ لَمْ يَحْسُنِ الْقِتَالُ رَجَّالَةً، وَلَمْ تُوَجَّهْ لَنَا الْخَيْلُ بَيْنَ الْأَزِقَّةِ، وَإِنَّ الَّذِينَ تُخَنْدِقُ دُونَهُمْ هُمُ الَّذِينَ يَحُولُ الْخَنْدَقُ دُونَهُمْ. فَقَالَ أَحَدُ بَنِي شُجَاعٍ: خَنْدِقْ، خَنْدَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاقْتَدِ بِهِ، وَتُرِيدُ أَنْتَ أَنْ تَدَعَ أَثَرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِرَأْيِكَ ! قَالَ: إِنَّهُ وَاللَّهِ يَا ابْنَ شُجَاعٍ مَا شَيْءٌ أَثْقَلَ عَلَيْكَ وَعَلَى أَصْحَابِكَ مِنْ لِقَائِهِمْ، وَمَا شَيْءٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَيْنَا مِنْ مُنَاجَزَتِهِمْ. فَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ: إِنَّمَا اتَّبَعْنَا فِي الْخَنْدَقِ أَثَرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَلَا يَرُدَّنِي أَحَدٌ عَنْهُ فَلَسْتُ بِتَارِكِهِ. وَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَحُفِرَ، وَبَدَأَ هُوَ فَحَفَرَ بِنَفْسِهِ الْخَنْدَقَ الَّذِي حَفَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلْأَحْزَابِ. وَسَارَ عِيسَى حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْأَعْوَصَ، وَكَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ قَدْ جَمَعَ النَّاسَ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمِيثَاقَ، وَحَصَرَهُمْ فَلَا يَخْرُجُونَ. وَخَطَبَهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ وَعَدُوَّكُمْ قَدْ نَزَلَ الْأَعْوَصَ، وَإِنَّ أَحَقَّ النَّاسِ بِالْقِيَامِ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ لَأَبْنَاءُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، أَلَا وَإِنَّا قَدْ جَمَعْنَاكُمْ وَأَخَذْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمِيثَاقَ، وَعَدُوُّكُمْ عَدَدٌ كَثِيرٌ وَالنَّصْرُ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَالْأَمْرُ بِيَدِهِ، وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ بَدَا لِي أَنْ آذَنَ لَكُمْ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يُقِيمَ أَقَامَ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَظْعَنَ ظَعَنَ. فَخَرَجَ عَالَمٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَخَرَجَ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ بِذَرَارِيِّهِمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ إِلَى الْأَعْرَاضِ وَالْجِبَالِ، وَبَقِيَ مُحَمَّدٌ فِي شِرْذِمَةٍ يَسِيرَةٍ، فَأَمَرَ أَبَا الْقَلَمَّسِ بِرَدِّ مَنْ قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَعْجَزَهُ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهُمْ، فَتَرَكَهُمْ. وَكَانَ الْمَنْصُورُ قَدْ أَرْسَلَ ابْنَ الْأَصَمِّ مَعَ عِيسَى يُنْزِلُهُ الْمَنَازِلَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا نَزَلُوا عَلَى مِيلٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ الْأَصَمِّ: إِنَّ الْخَيْلَ لَا عَمَلَ لَهَا مَعَ الرَّجَّالَةِ، وَإِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ كَشَفُوكُمْ كَشْفَةً أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا عَسْكَرَكُمْ. فَتَأَخَّرُوا إِلَى سِقَايَةِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بِالْجُرْفِ، وَهِيَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَمْيَالٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَالَ: لَا يُهَرْوِلُ الرَّاجِلُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مِيلَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ حَتَّى تَأْخُذَهُ الْخَيْلُ. وَأَرْسَلَ عِيسَى خَمْسَمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ إِلَى بَطْحَاءِ أَزْهَرَ عَلَى سِتَّةِ أَمْيَالٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَقَامُوا بِهَا، وَقَالَ: أَخَافُ أَنْ يَنْهَزِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَيَأْتِيَ مَكَّةَ فَيَرُدَّهُ هَؤُلَاءِ، فَأَقَامُوا بِهَا حَتَّى قُتِلَ. وَأَرْسَلَ عِيسَى إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ يُخْبِرُهُ أَنَّ الْمَنْصُورَ قَدْ آمَنَهُ وَأَهْلَهُ، فَأَعَادَ الْجَوَابَ: يَا هَذَا إِنَّ لَكَ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَرَابَةً قَرِيبَةً، وَإِنِّي أَدْعُوكَ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّهِ وَالْعَمَلِ بِطَاعَتِهِ، وَأُحَذِّرُكَ نِقْمَتَهُ وَعَذَابَهُ، وَإِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا أَنَا مُنْصَرِفٌ عَنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ حَتَّى أَلْقَى اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِيَّاكَ أَنْ يَقْتُلَكَ مَنْ يَدْعُوكَ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَتَكُونَ شَرَّ قَتِيلٍ، أَوْ تَقْتُلَهُ فَيَكُونَ أَعْظَمَ لِوِزْرِكَ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَتْهُ الرِّسَالَةُ قَالَ عِيسَى: لَيْسَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُ إِلَّا الْقِتَالُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ لِلرَّسُولِ: عَلَامَ تَقْتُلُونَنِي وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا رَجُلٌ فَرَّ مِنْ أَنْ يُقْتَلَ ؟ قَالَ: الْقَوْمُ يَدْعُونَكَ إِلَى الْأَمَانِ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتَ إِلَّا قِتَالَهُمْ قَاتَلُوكَ عَلَى مَا قَاتَلَ عَلَيْهِ خَيْرُ آبَائِكَ [ عَلِيٌّ ] طَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ عَلَى نَكْثِ بَيْعَتِهِمْ وَكَيْدِ مُلْكِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ الْمَنْصُورُ قَوْلَهُ قَالَ: مَا سَرَّنِي أَنَّهُ قَالَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ. وَنَزَلَ عِيسَى بِالْجُرْفِ لِاثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ، فَأَقَامَ السَّبْتَ وَالْأَحَدَ وَغَدَا يَوْمَ الْإِثْنَيْنِ فَوَقَفَ عَلَى سَلْعٍ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَمَنْ فِيهَا فَنَادَى: يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ حَرَّمَ دِمَاءَ بَعْضِنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ، فَهَلُمُّوا إِلَى الْأَمَانِ ! فَمَنْ قَامَ تَحْتَ رَايَتِنَا فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ دَارَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ أَلْقَى سِلَاحَهُ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، وَمَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَهُوَ آمِنٌ، خَلُّوا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ صَاحِبِنَا، فَإِمَّا لَنَا وَإِمَّا لَهُ ! فَشَتَمُوهُ. وَانْصَرَفَ مِنْ يَوْمِهِ وَعَادَ مِنَ الْغَدِ وَقَدْ فَرَّقَ الْقُوَّادَ مِنْ سَائِرِ جِهَاتِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَخْلَى نَاحِيَةَ مَسْجِدِ أَبِي الْجَرَّاحِ، وَهُوَ عَلَى بُطْحَانَ، فَإِنَّهُ أَخْلَى تِلْكَ النَّاحِيَةَ لِخُرُوجِ مَنْ يَنْهَزِمُ. وَبَرَزَ مُحَمَّدٌ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ، وَكَانَتْ رَايَتُهُ مَعَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَكَانَ شِعَارُهُ: أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ. فَبَرَزَ أَبُو الْقَلَمَّسِ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَبَرَزَ إِلَيْهِ أَخُو أَسَدٍ وَاقْتَتَلُوا طَوِيلًا، فَقَتَلَهُ أَبُو الْقَلَمَّسِ، وَبَرَزَ إِلَيْهِ آخَرُ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَقَالَ حِينَ ضَرَبَهُ: خُذْهَا وَأَنَا ابْنُ الْفَارُوقِ. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عِيسَى: قَتَلْتَ خَيْرًا مِنْ أَلْفِ فَارُوقٍ. وَقَاتَلَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ قِتَالًا عَظِيمًا، فَقَتَلَ بِيَدِهِ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا، وَأَمَرَ عِيسَى حُمَيْدَ بْنَ قَحْطَبَةَ، فَتَقَدَّمَ فِي مِائَةٍ كُلُّهُمْ رَاجِلٌ سِوَاهُ، فَزَحَفُوا حَتَّى بَلَغُوا جِدَارًا دُونَ الْخَنْدَقِ عَلَيْهِ نَاسٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ، فَهَدَمَ حُمَيْدٌ الْحَائِطَ وَانْتَهَى إِلَى الْخَنْدَقِ وَنَصَبَ عَلَيْهِ أَبْوَابًا وَعَبَرَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ عَلَيْهَا فَجَازُوا الْخَنْدَقَ وَقَاتَلُوا مِنْ وَرَائِهِ أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ مِنْ بُكْرَةٍ إِلَى الْعَصْرِ. وَأَمَرَ عِيسَى أَصْحَابَهُ فَأَلْقَوُا الْحَقَائِبَ وَغَيْرَهَا فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَجَعَلَ الْأَبْوَابَ عَلَيْهَا وَجَازَتِ الْخَيْلُ فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْصَرَفَ مُحَمَّدٌ قَبْلَ الظُّهْرِ فَاغْتَسَلَ وَتَحَنَّطَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ: بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي ! وَاللَّهِ مَا لَكَ بِمَا تَرَى طَاقَةٌ ! فَلَوْ أَتَيْتَ الْحَسَنَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بِمَكَّةَ فَإِنَّ مَعَهُ جُلَّ أَصْحَابِكَ. فَقَالَ: لَوْ خَرَجْتُ لَقُتِلَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَاللَّهِ لَا أَرْجِعُ حَتَّى أَقْتُلَ أَوْ أُقْتَلَ، وَأَنْتَ مِنِّي فِي سَعَةٍ فَاذْهَبْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ. فَمَشَى مَعَهُ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ عَنْهُ، وَتَفَرَّقَ عَنْهُ جُلُّ أَصْحَابِهِ حَتَّى بَقِيَ فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ رَجُلٍ يَزِيدُونَ قَلِيلًا، فَقَالَ لِبَعْضِ أَصْحَابِهِ: نَحْنُ الْيَوْمَ بِعِدَّةِ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ. وَصَلَّى مُحَمَّدٌ الظُّهْرَ وَالْعَصْرَ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ عِيسَى بْنُ خُضَيْرٍ وَهُوَ يُنَاشِدُهُ إِلَّا ذَهَبْتَ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا، وَمُحَمَّدٌ يَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا تُبْتَلَوْنَ بِي مَرَّتَيْنِ، وَلَكِنِ اذْهَبْ أَنْتَ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ خُضَيْرٍ: وَأَيْنَ الْمَذْهَبُ عَنْكَ ؟ ثُمَّ مَضَى فَأَحْرَقَ الدِّيوَانَ الَّذِي فِيهِ أَسْمَاءُ مَنْ بَايَعَهُ، وَقَتَلَ رِيَاحَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ، وَأَخَاهُ عَبَّاسَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ، وَقَتَلَ ابْنَ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ الْمُرِّيَّ، وَمَضَى إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْقَسْرِيِّ وَهُوَ مَحْبُوسٌ لِيَقْتُلَهُ، فَعَلِمَ بِهِ فَرَدَمَ الْأَبْوَابَ دُونَهُ، فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ فَقَاتَلَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ [ حَتَّى قُتِلَ ]. وَتَقَدَّمَ حُمَيْدُ بْنُ قَحْطَبَةَ وَتَقَدَّمَ مُحَمَّدٌ، فَلَمَّا صَارَ يَنْظُرُ مَسِيلَ سَلْعٍ عَرْقَبَ فَرَسُهُ، وَعَرْقَبَ بَنُو شُجَاعٍ الْخَمِيسِيُّونَ دَوَابَّهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا كَسَرَ جَفْنَ سَيْفِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ: قَدْ بَايَعْتُمُونِي وَلَسْتُ بَارِحًا حَتَّى أُقْتَلَ، فَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْصَرِفَ فَقَدْ أَذِنْتُ لَهُ. وَاشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ، فَهَزَمُوا أَصْحَابَ عِيسَى مَرَّتَيْنِ وَثَلَاثًا. وَقَالَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ: وَيْلُ أُمِّهِ فَتْحًا لَوْ كَانَ لَهُ رِجَالٌ ! فَصَعِدَ نَفَرٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عِيسَى عَلَى جَبَلِ سَلْعٍ وَانْحَدَرُوا مِنْهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَمَرَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ حَسَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ بِخِمَارٍ أَسْوَدَ، فَرُفِعَ عَلَى مَنَارَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ أَصْحَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ: دُخِلَتِ الْمَدِينَةُ، فَهَرَبُوا، فَقَالَ يَزِيدُ: لِكُلِّ قَوْمٍ جَبَلٌ يَعْصِمُهُمْ، وَلَنَا جَبَلٌ لَا نُؤْتَى إِلَّا مِنْهُ، يَعْنِي سَلْعًا. وَفَتَحَ بَنُو أَبِي عَمْرٍو الْغِفَارِيُّونَ طَرِيقًا فِي بَنِي غِفَارٍ لِأَصْحَابِ عِيسَى وَدَخَلُوا مِنْهُ أَيْضًا، وَجَاءُوا مِنْ وَرَاءِ أَصْحَابِ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَنَادَى مُحَمَّدٌ حُمَيْدَ بْنَ قَحْطَبَةَ: ابْرُزْ إِلَيَّ فَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ حُمَيْدٌ: قَدْ عَرَفْتُكَ وَأَنْتَ الشَّرِيفُ ابْنُ الشَّرِيفِ الْكَرِيمُ ابْنُ الْكَرِيمِ، لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَبْرُزُ إِلَيْكَ وَبَيْنَ يَدَيَّ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَغْمَارِ أَحَدٌ، فَإِذَا فَرَغْتُ مِنْهُمْ فَسَأَبْرُزُ إِلَيْكَ. وَجَعَلَ حُمَيْدٌ يَدْعُو ابْنَ خُضَيْرٍ إِلَى الْأَمَانِ وَيَشِحُّ بِهِ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ، وَابْنُ خُضَيْرٍ يَحْمِلُ عَلَى النَّاسِ رَاجِلًا لَا يُصْغِي إِلَى أَمَانِهِ، وَهُوَ يَأْخُذُهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عِيسَى عَلَى أَلْيَتِهِ فَحَلَّهَا، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَشَدَّهَا بِثَوْبٍ ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ، فَضَرَبَهُ إِنْسَانٌ عَلَى عَيْنِهِ فَغَاصَ السَّيْفُ وَسَقَطَ، فَابْتَدَرُوهُ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَاحْتَزُّوا رَأْسَهُ، وَكَأَنَّهُ بِاذِنْجَانَةٌ مُفَلَّقَةٌ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ الْجِرَاحِ فِيهِ. فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ تَقَدَّمَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَقَاتَلَ عَلَى جِيفَتِهِ، فَجَعَلَ يَهُذُّ النَّاسَ هَذًّا، وَكَانَ أَشْبَهَ النَّاسِ بِقِتَالِ حَمْزَةَ. وَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُقَاتِلُ حَتَّى ضَرَبَهُ رَجُلٌ دُونَ شَحْمَةِ أُذُنِهِ الْيُمْنَى فَبَرَكَ لِرُكْبَتِهِ وَجَعَلَ يَذُبُّ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ وَيَقُولُ: وَيْحَكُمُ ابْنُ نَبِيِّكُمْ مُجَرَّحٌ مَظْلُومٌ ! فَطَعَنَهُ ابْنُ قَحْطَبَةَ فِي صَدْرِهِ فَصَرَعَهُ، ثُمَّ نَزَلَ إِلَيْهِ فَاحْتَزَّ رَأْسَهُ وَأَتَى بِهِ عِيسَى، وَهُوَ لَا يُعْرَفُ مِنْ كَثْرَةِ الدِّمَاءِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عِيسَى اتَّهَمَ ابْنَ قَحْطَبَةَ، وَكَانَ فِي الْخَيْلِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا أَرَاكَ تُبَالِغُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَتَتَّهِمُنِي ؟ فَوَاللَّهِ لَأَضْرِبَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا حِينَ أَرَاهُ بِالسَّيْفِ أَوْ أُقْتَلُ دُونَهُ. قَالَ: فَمَرَّ بِهِ وَهُوَ مَقْتُولٌ فَضَرَبَهُ وَهُوَ مَقْتُولٌ لِيُبِرَّ يَمِينَهُ. وَقِيلَ: بَلْ رُمِيَ بِسَهْمٍ وَهُوَ يُقَاتِلُ فَوَقَفَ إِلَى جِدَارٍ فَتَحَامَاهُ النَّاسُ، فَلَمَّا وَجَدَ الْمَوْتَ تَحَامَلَ عَلَى سَيْفِهِ فَكَسَرَهُ، وَهُوَ ذُو الْفَقَارِ سَيْفُ عَلِيٍّ. وَقِيلَ: بَلْ أَعْطَاهُ رَجُلًا مِنَ التُّجَّارِ كَانَ مَعَهُ وَلَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَقَالَ: خُذْهُ فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَلْقَى أَحَدًا مِنْ آلِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِلَّا أَخَذَهُ، وَأَعْطَاكَ حَقَّكَ، فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عِنْدَهُ حَتَّى وَلِيَ جَعْفَرُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمَدِينَةَ فَأُخْبِرَ بِهِ، فَأَخَذَ السَّيْفَ مِنْهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ مَعَهُ حَتَّى أَخَذَهُ مِنْهُ الْمَهْدِيُّ، ثُمَّ صَارَ إِلَى الْهَادِي، فَجَرَّبَهُ عَلَى كَلْبٍ فَانْقَطَعَ السَّيْفُ. وَقِيلَ: بَلْ بَقِيَ إِلَى أَيَّامِ الرَّشِيدِ، وَكَانَ يَتَقَلَّدُهُ وَكَانَ بِهِ ثَمَانِيَ عَشْرَةَ فَقَّارَةً. وَلَمَّا أُتِيَ عِيسَى بِرَأْسِ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: مَا تَقُولُونَ فِيهِ ؟ فَوَقَعُوا فِيهِ، فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: كَذَبْتُمْ، مَا لِهَذَا قَاتَلْنَاهُ، وَلَكِنَّهُ خَالَفَ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَشَقَّ عَصَا الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَصَوَّامًا قَوَّامًا ! فَسَكَتُوا. فَأَرْسَلَ عِيسَى الرَّأْسَ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ مَعَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي الْكِرَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَبِالْبِشَارَةِ مَعَ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَأَرْسَلَ مَعَهُ رُءُوسَ بَنِي شُجَاعٍ. فَأَمَرَ الْمَنْصُورُ فَطِيفَ بِرَأْسِ مُحَمَّدٍ فِي الْكُوفَةِ، وَسَيَّرَهُ إِلَى الْآفَاقِ، وَلَمَّا رَأَى الْمَنْصُورُ رُءُوسَ بَنِي شُجَاعٍ قَالَ: هَكَذَا فَلْيَكُنِ النَّاسُ، طَلَبْتُ مُحَمَّدًا فَاشْتَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ هَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ نَقَلُوهُ وَانْتَقَلُوا مَعَهُ، ثُمَّ قَاتَلُوا مَعَهُ حَتَّى قُتِلُوا. وَكَانَ قَتْلُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ يَوْمَ الْإِثْنَيْنِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ لِأَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ. وَكَانَ الْمَنْصُورُ قَدْ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عِيسَى قَدْ هُزِمَ، فَقَالَ: كَلَّا، أَيْنَ لَعِبُ أَصْحَابِنَا وَصِبْيَانِنَا بِهَا عَلَى الْمَنَابِرِ، وَمَشُورَةُ النِّسَاءِ ؟ مَا أَنَى لِذَلِكَ بَعْدُ ! ثُمَّ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا هَرَبَ فَقَالَ: كَلَّا، إِنَّا أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ لَا نَفِرُّ. فَجَاءَتْهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الرُّءُوسُ. وَلَمَّا وَصَلَ رَأْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ كَانَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عِنْدَهُ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى الرَّأْسَ عَظُمَ عَلَيْهِ فَتَجَلَّدَ خَوْفًا مِنَ الْمَنْصُورِ، ( وَقَالَ لِنَقِيبِ الْمَنْصُورِ: أَهُوَ ؟ قَالَ: هُوَ فِلْذُهُمْ، وَقَالَ: لَوَدِدْتُ أَنَا الرَّكَانَةَ إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ فَعَلَ وَلَا قَالَ، وَإِلَّا فَأُمُّ مُوسَى طَالِقٌ )، وَكَانَتْ غَايَةَ أَيْمَانِهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ أَرَادَ قَتْلَهُ، وَكَانَتْ نَفْسُهُ أَكْرَمَ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ نَفْسِهِ، فَبَصَقَ بَعْضُ الْغِلْمَانِ فِي وَجْهِهِ، فَأَمَرَ الْمَنْصُورُ بِأَنْفِهِ فَكُسِرَ عُقُوبَةً لَهُ. وَلَمَّا وَرَدَ الْخَبَرُ بِقَتْلِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَى أَخِيهِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِالْبَصْرَةِ كَانَ يَوْمُ الْعِيدِ، فَخَرَجَ فَصَلَّى بِالنَّاسِ وَنَعَاهُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، وَأَظْهَرَ الْجَزَعَ عَلَيْهِ، وَتَمَثَّلَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: يَابَا الْمَنَازِلِ يَا خَيْرَ الْفَوَارِسِ مَنْ يُفْجَعْ بِمِثْلِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَقَدْ فُجِعَا اللَّهُ يَعْلَمُ أَنِّي لَوْ خَشِيتُهُمُ وَأَوْجَسَ الْقَلْبُ مِنْ خَوْفٍ لَهُمْ فَزَعَا لَمْ يَقْتُلُوهُ وَلَمْ أُسْلِمْ أَخِي أَبَدًا حَتَّى نَمُوتَ جَمِيعًا أَوْ نَعِيشَ مَعَا . وَلَمَّا قُتِلَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَرْسَلَ عِيسَى أَلْوِيَةً فَنُصِبَتْ فِي مَوَاضِعَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَنَادَى مُنَادِيهِ: مَنْ دَخَلَ تَحْتَ لِوَاءٍ مِنْهَا فَهُوَ آمِنٌ. وَأَخَذَ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ فَصَلَبَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ ثَنِيَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ إِلَى دَارِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ صَفَّيْنِ، وَوَكَّلَ بِخَشَبَةِ ابْنِ خُضَيْرٍ مَنْ يَحْفَظُهَا، فَاحْتَمَلَهُ قَوْمٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَوَارَوْهُ سِرًّا وَبَقِيَ الْآخَرُونَ ثَلَاثًا، فَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ عِيسَى، فَأُلْقُوا عَلَى مَقَابِرِ الْيَهُودِ، ثُمَّ أُلْقُوا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي خَنْدَقٍ فِي أَصْلِ ذِبَابٍ، فَأَرْسَلَتْ زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أُخْتُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَابْنَةُ فَاطِمَةَ إِلَى عِيسَى: إِنَّكُمْ قَدْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ وَقَضَيْتُمْ حَاجَتَكُمْ مِنْهُ، فَلَوْ أَذِنْتُمْ لَنَا فِي دَفْنِهِ ؟ فَأَذِنَ لَهَا، فَدُفِنَ بِالْبَقِيعِ. وَقَطَعَ الْمَنْصُورُ الْمِيرَةَ فِي الْبَحْرِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، ثُمَّ أَذِنَ فِيهَا الْمَهْدِيُّ.
Translation
✧ Mention of ʿĪsā b. Mūsā's march against Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh and his killing Then al-Manṣūr summoned his nephew ʿĪsā b. Mūsā b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās and ordered him to march to al-Madīnah to fight Muḥammad. He said: Consult your uncles, O Commander of the Faithful. Then he said: Where is the saying of Ibn Harmah: You see a man who does not disclose his secret to the people, nor does he confide his intentions to two ears. When he undertakes something, he proceeds as one who has already accomplished it; And if he says, 'I shall do it,' he is a doer. Al-Manṣūr said: Go on, O man, for by God, no one is intended but me and you, and it is only a matter of either you setting out or me setting out. So he set out, and troops were sent with him. Al-Manṣūr said when ʿĪsā departed: I do not care which of them kills his companion. He sent with him Muḥammad b. Abī al-ʿAbbās al-Saffāḥ, Kathīr b. Ḥuṣayn al-ʿAbdī, Ibn Qaḥṭabah, Hazārmard, and others. He said to him when bidding him farewell: O ʿĪsā, I am sending you against what lies between these two, and he pointed to his own sides. If you gain victory over the man, sheathe your sword and offer amnesty. If he goes into hiding, hold them responsible for him, for they know his ways. And whoever of the family of Abū Ṭālib meets you, write to me his name; and whoever does not meet you, seize his property. Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq had gone into hiding from him, so he seized his property. When al-Manṣūr came to al-Madīnah, Jaʿfar spoke to him about his property, and he said: Your Mahdī seized it. When ʿĪsā reached Fayd, he wrote to the people on pieces of silk, among them: ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. al-Muṭṭalib al-Makhzūmī and ʿUbayd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. Ṣafwān al-Jumaḥī. He wrote to ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ordering him to leave al-Madīnah with those who obeyed him. So he went out, along with ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, Abū ʿAqīl Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿAqīl, and Abū ʿĪsā. When Muḥammad learned that ʿĪsā was near al-Madīnah, he consulted his companions about leaving al-Madīnah or staying in it. Some advised leaving it, while others advised staying in it because of the saying of the Messenger of God ﷺ: "I saw myself in a strong coat of mail, and I interpreted it as al-Madīnah." So he stayed. Then he consulted them about digging the trench of the Messenger of God ﷺ. Jābir b. Anas, chief of Sulaym, said to him: O Commander of the Faithful, we are your maternal uncles and your neighbors, and among us are weapons and horses. Do not dig the trench, for the Messenger of God ﷺ dug his trench for what God alone knows. If you dig it, fighting on foot will not be effective, and our horses cannot be directed between the narrow lanes. Those against whom you dig are the very ones whom the trench would keep away. One of the Banū Shujāʿ said: Dig; the Messenger of God ﷺ dug, so follow his example. Do you want to abandon the practice of the Messenger of God ﷺ for your own opinion? He said: By God, O Ibn Shujāʿ, nothing is heavier upon you and your companions than meeting them, and nothing is more beloved to us than fighting them immediately. Muḥammad said: In the matter of the trench we only follow the practice of the Messenger of God ﷺ, so let no one turn me away from it, for I will not abandon it. He ordered it to be dug, and he began by digging with his own hands the trench that the Messenger of God ﷺ had dug for the confederates. ʿĪsā marched until he encamped at al-Aʿwaṣ. Muḥammad had gathered the people, taken a covenant from them, and confined them so that they would not leave. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh addressed them and said: God's enemy and your enemy has encamped at al-Aʿwaṣ. The most entitled of people to uphold this affair are the sons of the Emigrants and the Helpers. Indeed, we have gathered you and taken a covenant from you. Your enemy is numerous, but victory is from God and the matter is in His hand. It has occurred to me to give you permission: whoever of you wishes to stay may stay, and whoever wishes to depart may depart. A great multitude left, and some people of al-Madīnah went out with their children and families to the outskirts and the mountains. Muḥammad remained with a small band. He ordered Abū al-Qalammas to bring back those he could, but many of them eluded him, so he left them. Al-Manṣūr had sent Ibn al-Aṣamm with ʿĪsā to choose the encampments for him. When they arrived, they camped one mile from al-Madīnah. Ibn al-Aṣamm said: Horses are of no use alongside infantry, and I fear that if they rout you with a single rout, they will enter your camp. So they withdrew to the watering place of Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik at al-Jurf, which is four miles from al-Madīnah. He said: A foot soldier cannot run more than two or three miles before the cavalry overtakes him. ʿĪsā sent five hundred men to the plain of Azhar, six miles from al-Madīnah, and they stayed there. He said: I fear that Muḥammad may flee and go to Makkah, so let these men turn him back. They remained there until he was killed. ʿĪsā sent to Muḥammad informing him that al-Manṣūr had granted him and his family amnesty. He returned the answer: O you, you have close kinship with the Messenger of God ﷺ. I call you to the Book of God and the Sunnah of His Prophet and to act in obedience to Him, and I warn you of His vengeance and His punishment. By God, I will not turn away from this affair until I meet God upon it. Beware lest the one who calls you to God kill you and you become the worst of those killed, or you kill him and that becomes greater in your burden of sin. When the message reached him, ʿĪsā said: Between us and him there is nothing but fighting. Muḥammad said to the messenger: Why do you kill me when I am only a man who fled from being killed? He said: The people call you to amnesty. If you refuse anything but fighting them, they will fight you as your best forefather [ʿAlī] fought Ṭalḥah and al-Zubayr for breaking their pledge of allegiance and plotting against his rule. When al-Manṣūr heard his words, he said: I would not be pleased had he said anything else. ʿĪsā encamped at al-Jurf on the twelfth of Ramaḍān, a Saturday. He stayed Saturday and Sunday, and on Monday morning he went and stood on Salʿ and looked at al-Madīnah and those within it. He called out: O people of al-Madīnah, God has forbidden the blood of some of us against others. Come to amnesty! Whoever stands under our banner is safe, whoever enters his house is safe, whoever enters the mosque is safe, whoever throws down his weapon is safe, and whoever leaves al-Madīnah is safe. Leave us alone with our man, and it will be either for us or for him! They reviled him. He departed that day and returned the next day, having distributed the commanders on all sides of al-Madīnah and left open the area of the Mosque of Abū al-Jarrāḥ, which is on Buṭḥān. He left that side open for the exit of those who might flee. Muḥammad came out with his companions. His banner was with ʿUthmān b. Muḥammad b. Khālid b. al-Zubayr, and his battle cry was: One, One! Abū al-Qalammas, one of Muḥammad's companions, came forward. The brother of Asad came out against him, and they fought for a long time. Abū al-Qalammas killed him. Another came out against him and he killed him. When he struck him, he said: Take it, for I am the son of al-Fārūq. A man from ʿĪsā's companions said: You have killed one better than a thousand Fārūqs. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh fought that day a great fight and killed seventy men with his own hand. ʿĪsā ordered Ḥumayd b. Qaḥṭabah, and he advanced with a hundred men, all on foot except himself. They advanced until they reached a wall in front of the trench with some of Muḥammad's companions on it. Ḥumayd demolished the wall and reached the trench. He set up doors over it and crossed with his companions, and they crossed the trench and fought beyond it a most severe fight from morning until afternoon. ʿĪsā ordered his companions, and they threw saddlebags and other things into the trench and placed doors over them. The cavalry crossed, and they fought a fierce battle. Muḥammad withdrew before noon, performed the full ablution, and perfumed himself with ḥanūṭ, then returned. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar said to him: May my father and mother be your ransom! By God, you cannot withstand what you see. If only you would go to al-Ḥasan b. Muʿāwiyah in Makkah, for with him are most of your companions. He said: If I left, the people of al-Madīnah would be killed. By God, I will not return until I kill or am killed. You are free of me, so go wherever you wish. He walked with him a little, then turned away from him. Most of his companions dispersed until he remained with three hundred men, a little more. He said to some of his companions: Today we are the number of the people of Badr. Muḥammad performed the noon and afternoon prayers. With him was ʿĪsā b. Khuḍayr, who kept adjuring him to go to al-Baṣrah or elsewhere, while Muḥammad kept saying: By God, you will not be afflicted through me twice. But you go wherever you wish. Ibn Khuḍayr said: And where is there to go away from you? Then he went and burned the register containing the names of those who had pledged allegiance to him. He killed Riyāḥ b. ʿUthmān and his brother ʿAbbās b. ʿUthmān, and he killed Ibn Muslim b. ʿUqbah al-Murrī. He went to Muḥammad b. al-Qasrī, who was imprisoned, to kill him. The latter learned of it and barricaded the doors against him, so he could not get to him. He returned to Muḥammad and fought before him [until he was killed]. Ḥumayd b. Qaḥṭabah advanced, and Muḥammad advanced. When he came within sight of the watercourse of Salʿ, his horse was hamstrung. The Banū Shujāʿ al-Khamīsiyyūn hamstrung their mounts, and there remained no one who did not break the scabbard of his sword. Muḥammad said to them: You have pledged allegiance to me, and I will not leave until I am killed. Whoever wishes to depart, I give him permission. The fighting intensified, and they routed ʿĪsā's companions twice and three times. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah b. ʿAbbās b. Jaʿfar said: Woe to his mother, what a victory, if only he had men! A group of ʿĪsā's companions climbed Mount Salʿ and descended from it into al-Madīnah. Asmāʾ bt. Ḥasan b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās ordered a black veil to be raised on the minaret of Muḥammad, the Messenger of God ﷺ. Muḥammad's companions said: Al-Madīnah has been entered, and they fled. Yazīd said: Every people has a mountain that protects them, but we have a mountain from which alone we can be attacked, meaning Salʿ. The Banū Abī ʿAmr al-Ghifāriyyūn opened a path among the Banū Ghifār for ʿĪsā's companions, and they entered from there as well, coming from behind Muḥammad's companions. Muḥammad called out to Ḥumayd b. Qaḥṭabah: Come out against me, for I am Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. Ḥumayd said: I know you; you are the noble, son of the noble, the generous, son of the generous. No, by God, I will not come out against you while any of these raw youths remain before me. When I am done with them, I will come out against you. Ḥumayd kept calling Ibn Khuḍayr to amnesty, being reluctant for him to perish. Ibn Khuḍayr attacked the people on foot, not heeding his offer of amnesty, while Ḥumayd sought to take him alive before him. A man from ʿĪsā's companions struck him on his buttock and cut it open. He returned to his companions, bound it with a cloth, and went back to fighting. Someone struck him on his eye, and the sword sank in and he fell. They rushed upon him, killed him, and cut off his head. He was like a split eggplant from the many wounds on him. When he was killed, Muḥammad advanced and fought over his corpse, cutting down the people in swaths. He was the most like the fighting of Ḥamzah. He kept fighting until a man struck him just below the lobe of his right ear. He fell to his knees and began defending himself, saying: Woe to you! The son of your Prophet, wounded and wronged! Ibn Qaḥṭabah thrust him in the chest and threw him down. Then he dismounted, cut off his head, and brought it to ʿĪsā. It was unrecognizable from the abundance of blood. It is said: ʿĪsā suspected Ibn Qaḥṭabah, who was among the cavalry, and said to him: I do not see you exerting yourself. He said: Do you suspect me? By God, I will strike Muḥammad with the sword when I see him, or be killed before him. He said: He passed by him after he was already dead, and struck him while he was dead to fulfill his oath. It is said: Rather, he was shot with an arrow while fighting, and he stood against a wall. The people avoided him. When he felt death, he leaned upon his sword and broke it. It was Dhū al-Faqār, the sword of ʿAlī. It is said: Rather, he gave it to a merchant who was with him, to whom he owed four hundred dinars, and said: Take it, for you will not meet anyone of the family of Abū Ṭālib who will not take it and give you your due. It remained with him until Jaʿfar b. Sulaymān governed al-Madīnah. He was informed of it, so he took the sword from him and gave him four hundred dinars. It remained with him until al-Mahdī took it from him. Then it passed to al-Hādī, who tested it on a dog, and the sword broke. It is said: Rather, it remained until the days of al-Rashīd, and he used to wear it, and it had eighteen notches. When Muḥammad's head was brought to ʿĪsā, he said to his companions: What do you say about him? They disparaged him. One of them said: You lie. It was not for this that we fought him. Rather, he opposed the Commander of the Faithful and split the staff of the Muslims, even if he was one who fasted much and prayed much! They fell silent. ʿĪsā sent the head to al-Manṣūr with Muḥammad b. Abī al-Kirām b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar b. Abī Ṭālib, and the news of victory with al-Qāsim b. al-Ḥasan b. Zayd b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. He sent with him the heads of the Banū Shujāʿ. Al-Manṣūr ordered that Muḥammad's head be paraded in al-Kūfah and sent around the regions. When al-Manṣūr saw the heads of the Banū Shujāʿ, he said: Thus should people be. I sought Muḥammad, and these surrounded him, carried him, and moved with him, then fought with him until they were killed. The killing of Muḥammad and his companions took place on Monday after the afternoon prayer, on the fourteenth of Ramaḍān. Al-Manṣūr had received word that ʿĪsā had been defeated, and he said: Never! Where is the playing of our companions and our children with it upon the pulpits, and the counsel of the women? The time for that has not yet come! Then word reached him that Muḥammad had fled, and he said: Never! We are a household that does not flee. Then the heads came to him after that. When Muḥammad's head reached al-Manṣūr, al-Ḥasan b. Zayd b. al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī was with him. When he saw the head, it weighed heavily upon him, but he composed himself out of fear of al-Manṣūr. (He said to al-Manṣūr's chamberlain: Is it he? He said: It is their very flesh. And he said: I wish that we had inclined to obedience to him, and that he had not done or said what he did. Otherwise, the mother of Mūsā is divorced.) That was the utmost of his oaths. But he had wanted him killed, and his life was more precious to us than his own life. One of the servant boys spat in his face, and al-Manṣūr ordered that his nose be broken as a punishment for him. When the news of Muḥammad's killing reached his brother Ibrāhīm in al-Baṣrah, it was the day of the festival. He went out and prayed with the people, announced his death from the pulpit, and displayed grief for him. He recited on the pulpit: O best of abodes, O best of horsemen, whoever is bereaved of one like you in this world is indeed bereaved. God knows that if I feared them and the heart felt dread from fear of them, it would take fright, They would not have killed him, and I would never surrender my brother until we die together or live together. When Muḥammad was killed, ʿĪsā sent out banners, and they were set up in places in Madinah, and his crier proclaimed: “Whoever enters under one of these banners is safe.” He seized Muḥammad's companions and crucified them between Thaniyyat al-Wadāʿ and the house of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz in two rows. He assigned someone to guard the wood of Ibn Khuḍayr, but some people carried him away at night and buried him secretly. The others remained for three days, then ʿĪsā ordered them to be thrown onto the Jewish cemetery, and after that they were thrown into a trench at the foot of Dhubāb. Zaynab bt. ʿAbd Allāh, Muḥammad's sister and the daughter of Fāṭimah, sent word to ʿĪsā: “You have killed him and achieved your aim concerning him. Would you permit us to bury him?” He granted her permission, and he was buried in al-Baqīʿ. Al-Manṣūr cut off supplies by sea to Madinah, then al-Mahdī later permitted them.
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