Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2727
Then the Year 137 AH Began
وَهَذِهِ تَرْجَمَةُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيِّ هُوَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ صَاحِبُ دَوْلَةِ - وَيُقَالُ: دَعْوَةِ - بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: أَمِينُ آلِ بَيْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَقَالَ الْخَطِيبُ الْبَغْدَادِيُّ: عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ سَنْفِيرُونَ بْنِ أَسْفَنْدِيَارَ، أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، صَاحِبُ الدَّوْلَةِ الْعَبَّاسِيَّةِ، يَرْوِي عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ وَثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ ابْنَيْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. زَادَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي شُيُوخِهِ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ حَرْمَلَةَ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ: رَوَى عَنْهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ الصَّائِغُ، وَبِشْرٌ وَالِدُ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شُبْرُمَةَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُنِيبٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، وَقُدَيْدُ بْنُ مَنِيعٍ صِهْرُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ. قَالَ الْخَطِيبُ: وَكَانَ فَاتِكًا، شُجَاعًا، ذَا رَأْيٍ وَعَقْلٍ وَتَدْبِيرٍ وَحَزْمٍ. وَقَتَلَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْمَنْصُورُ بِالْمَدَائِنِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ فِي " تَارِيخِ أَصْبَهَانَ ": كَانَ اسْمُهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارٍ. قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ وُلِدَ بِأَصْبَهَانَ. وَرَوَى عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُ الْحُفَّاظِ: كَانَ اسْمُ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ - صَاحِبِ الدَّعْوَةِ - إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ يَسَارِ بْنِ شِيدُوسَ بْنِ جُودِرْنَ، مِنْ وَلَدِ بُزُرْجَمُهْرَ، وَكَانَ يُكَنَّى أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ، وَوُلِدَ بِأَصْبَهَانَ، وَنَشَأَ بِالْكُوفَةِ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ أَوْصَى إِلَى عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى السَّرَّاجِ، فَحَمَلَهُ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ قَالَ لَهُ: غَيِّرِ اسْمَكَ وَكُنْيَتَكَ. فَتَسَمَّى بِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، وَاكْتَنَى بِأَبِي مُسْلِمٍ، فَسَارَ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ وَهُوَ ابْنُ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً رَاكِبًا عَلَى حِمَارٍ بِإِكَافٍ، وَأَعْطَاهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ نَفَقَةً مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، فَرَحَلَ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ وَهُوَ كَذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ آلَ بِهِ الْحَالُ حَتَّى صَارَتْ لَهُ خُرَاسَانُ بِأَزِمَّتِهَا وَحَذَافِيرِهَا، وَذَكَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّهُ فِي مُرُورِهِ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ عَدَا رَجُلٌ فِي بَعْضِ الْخَانَاتِ عَلَى حِمَارِهِ، فَهَلَبَ ذَنَبَهُ، فَلَمَّا تَمَكَّنَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ وَحَكَمَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ، جَعَلَهُ دَكًّا، فَكَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ خَرَابًا لَا يُسْكَنُ. وَذَكَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّهُ أَصَابَهُ سِبَاءٌ فِي صِغَرِهِ، وَأَنَّهُ اشْتَرَاهُ بَعْضُ دُعَاةِ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ بِأَرْبَعِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ الْإِمَامَ اسْتَوْهَبَهُ أَوِ اشْتَرَاهُ، فَانْتَمَى إِلَيْهِ، وَزَوَّجَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى خُرَاسَانَ، بِنْتَ أَبِي النَّجْمِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الطَّائِيِّ، أَحَدِ دُعَاةِ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ، وَأَصْدَقَهَا عَنْهُ أَرْبَعَمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَوُلِدَ لِأَبِي مُسْلِمٍ بِنْتَانِ; إِحْدَاهُمَا أَسْمَاءُ، أَعْقَبَتْ، وَفَاطِمَةُ، وَلَمْ تُعْقِبْ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا فِيمَا سَلَفَ مِنَ السِّنِينَ، كَيْفِيَّةَ اسْتِقْلَالِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ بِأُمُورِ خُرَاسَانَ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ وَمِائَةٍ، وَنَشْرِهِ دَعْوَةَ بَنِي الْعَبَّاسِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ ذَا هَيْبَةٍ وَصَرَامَةٍ وَإِقْدَامٍ وَتَسَرُّعٍ; رَوَى ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ مِنْ طَرِيقِ مُصْعَبِ بْنِ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: قَامَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا السَّوَادُ الَّذِي أَرَى عَلَيْكَ؟ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَعَلَيْهِ عِمَامَةٌ سَوْدَاءُ. وَهَذِهِ ثِيَابُ الْهَيْبَةِ، وَثِيَابُ الدَّوْلَةِ. يَا غُلَامُ، اضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ. وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَنْ أَرَادَ هَوَانَ قُرَيْشٍ أَهَانَهُ اللَّهُ. وَقَدْ كَانَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ الصَّائِغُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ وَجُلَسَائِهِ فِي زَمَنِ الدَّعْوَةِ، وَكَانَ يَعِدُهُ إِذَا ظَهَرَ أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْحُدُودَ وَالْعَدْلَ، فَلَمَّا تَمَكَّنَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ مَا زَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ يُلِحُّ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْقِيَامِ بِمَا وَعَدَهُ بِهِ حَتَّى أَحْرَجَهُ، فَضَرَبَ عُنُقَهُ بَعْدَمَا قَالَ لَهُ: هَلَّا كُنْتَ تُنْكِرُ عَلَى نَصْرِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ وَهُوَ يَعْمَلُ أَوَانِيَ الْخَمْرِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ فَيَبْعَثُهَا إِلَى بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ؟ ! فَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ أُولَئِكَ لَمْ يَعِدُونِي مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ مَا وَعَدْتَنِي أَنْتَ. وَقَدْ رَأَى بَعْضُهُمْ فِي الْمَنَامِ لِإِبْرَاهِيمَ مَنَازِلَ عَالِيَةً فِي الْجَنَّةِ; بِصَبْرِهِ عَلَى الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا مَا اعْتَمَدَهُ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ فِي أَيَّامِ السَّفَّاحِ مِنَ الطَّاعَةِ الْأَكِيدَةِ لَهُ، وَالْمُبَادَرَةِ إِلَى أَوَامِرِهِ، وَامْتِثَالِ مَرَاسِيمِهِ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا صَارَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ اسْتَخَفَّ بِهِ وَاحْتَقَرَهُ، وَمَعَ هَذَا كَسَرَ عَمَّهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ حِينَ دَعَا إِلَى نَفْسِهِ بِالشَّامِ، فَاسْتَنْقَذَهَا مِنْهُ وَرَدَّهَا إِلَى حُكْمِ الْمَنْصُورِ، ثُمَّ شَمَخَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، وَهَمَّ بِقَلْعِهِ، فَفَطِنَ لِذَلِكَ الْمَنْصُورُ مَعَ مَا كَانَ مُبْطِنًا لَهُ مِنَ الْبِغْضَةِ، وَقَدْ سَأَلَ أَخَاهُ السَّفَّاحَ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ فَيَصْدِفَ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَذَكَرْنَا أَيْضًا مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ وَالْمَنْصُورِ مِنَ الْمُرَاسَلَاتِ وَالْمُكَاتَبَاتِ، حِينَ اسْتَوْحَشَ مِنْهُ الْمَنْصُورُ وَاتَّهَمَهُ بِسُوءِ النِّيَّةِ، وَمَا زَالَ يُرَاسِلُهُ وَيَسْتَدْعِيهِ وَيَخْدَعُهُ وَيُمَاكِرُهُ حَتَّى اسْتَحْضَرَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ.
Translation
✧ This is the biography of Abū Muslim al-Khurāsānī He is ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muslim, Abū Muslim, the holder of the dynasty—or it is said: the call—of the Banū al-ʿAbbās, and he used to be called: the trustee of the family of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muslim b. Sanfīrūn b. Asfandiyār, Abū Muslim al-Marwazī, the holder of the Abbasid dynasty. He narrates from Abū al-Zubayr, Thābit al-Bunānī, Ibrāhīm and ʿAbd Allāh the two sons of Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās. Ibn ʿAsākir added among his shaykhs Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥarmala, and ʿIkrima the mawlā of Ibn ʿAbbās. Ibn ʿAsākir said: Narrated from him Ibrāhīm b. Maymūn al-Ṣāʾigh, Bishr the father of Muṣʿab b. Bishr, ʿAbd Allāh b. Shubruma, ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Mubārak, ʿAbd Allāh b. Munīb al-Marwazī, and Qudayd b. Manīʿ the brother-in-law of Abū Muslim. Al-Khaṭīb said: He was daring, brave, possessed of judgment, intellect, management, and resoluteness. Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr killed him at al-Madāʾin. Abū Nuʿaym al-Aṣbahānī said in the “History of Aṣbahān”: His name was ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿUthmān b. Yasār. It is said that he was born in Aṣbahān. He narrated from al-Suddī and others. Some of the ḥuffāẓ said: The name of Abū Muslim—the holder of the call—was Ibrāhīm b. ʿUthmān b. Yasār b. Shīdūs b. Jūdirn, from the descendants of Buzurjmihr, and he was called Abū Isḥāq. He was born in Aṣbahān and grew up in al-Kūfa. His father had entrusted him to ʿĪsā b. Mūsā al-Sarrāj, who took him to al-Kūfa when he was seven years old. When Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad sent him to Khurāsān, he said to him: Change your name and your kunya. So he named himself ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muslim and took the kunya Abū Muslim. He set out to Khurāsān when he was nineteen years old, riding a donkey with a packsaddle. Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad gave him spending money from his own funds, and he departed to Khurāsān in that condition. Then circumstances brought him to the point that Khurāsān with its reins and its entirety became his. Some of them mentioned that during his journey to Khurāsān a man in one of the khans attacked his donkey and cut off its tail. When Abū Muslim gained power and ruled over that place, he made it level ground, and after that it remained a ruin, uninhabited. Some of them mentioned that he was taken captive in his childhood, and that one of the callers of the Banū al-ʿAbbās bought him for four hundred dirhams, and that Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad the Imam asked for him as a gift or bought him, and he affiliated himself to him. Ibrāhīm b. Muḥammad married him, when he sent him to Khurāsān, to the daughter of Abū al-Najm ʿImrān b. Ismāʿīl al-Ṭāʾī, one of the callers of the Banū al-ʿAbbās, and paid her dower on his behalf of four hundred dirhams. Two daughters were born to Abū Muslim: one of them Asmāʾ, who left descendants, and Fāṭima, who left none. We have mentioned in the preceding years how Abū Muslim took independent control of the affairs of Khurāsān in the year one hundred and twenty-nine, and how he spread the call of the Banū al-ʿAbbās. He was possessed of awe, resoluteness, boldness, and hastiness. Ibn ʿAsākir narrated through Muṣʿab b. Bishr, from his father, who said: A man stood up to Abū Muslim while he was delivering a sermon and said: What is this blackness that I see on you? He said: Abū al-Zubayr narrated to me, from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Makkah on the day of the conquest wearing a black turban. And these are the garments of awe and the garments of the state. O boy, strike his neck. And from Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, from his father, from his grandfather ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Whoever desires the humiliation of Quraysh, Allah humiliates him. Ibrāhīm b. Maymūn al-Ṣāʾigh had been one of his companions and close associates during the time of the call, and he had promised him that when he prevailed he would establish the legal punishments and justice. When Abū Muslim gained power, Ibrāhīm b. Maymūn kept insisting that he fulfill what he had promised him until he put him in a difficult position, and he struck his neck after saying to him: Why did you not denounce Naṣr b. Sayyār when he made vessels for wine out of gold and sent them to the Banū Umayya? He said to him: Those people did not promise me from themselves what you promised me. And some people saw in a dream for Ibrāhīm lofty abodes in Paradise because of his patience in commanding good and forbidding evil, may Allah have mercy on him. We have mentioned what Abū Muslim undertook during the days of al-Saffāḥ of firm obedience to him, hastening to his commands, and compliance with his decrees. Then when the authority passed to al-Manṣūr, he belittled and despised him. Nevertheless he defeated his uncle ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī when he called for himself in Syria, and he recovered it from him and returned it to the rule of al-Manṣūr. Then his soul became arrogant toward al-Manṣūr, and he resolved to uproot him. Al-Manṣūr perceived that, along with the hatred he had harbored for him. He had asked his brother al-Saffāḥ more than once to kill him, but he refrained from doing so. We also mentioned what took place between Abū Muslim and al-Manṣūr of correspondence and letters, when al-Manṣūr became wary of him and accused him of bad intention. He kept corresponding with him, summoning him, deceiving him, and outwitting him until he brought him before him and killed him.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.