Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2725
Then the Year 137 AH Began
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سَبْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ وَمِائَةٍ ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عَلَى ابْنِ أَخِيهِ الْمَنْصُورِ لَمَّا رَجَعَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الْمَنْصُورُ مِنَ الْحَجِّ دَخَلَ الْكُوفَةَ، فَخَطَبَ بِأَهْلِهَا يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ، ثُمَّ ارْتَحَلَ مِنْهَا إِلَى الْأَنْبَارِ، وَقَدْ أُخِذَتْ لَهُ الْبَيْعَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ وَخُرَاسَانَ وَسَائِرِ الْبِلَادِ سِوَى الشَّامِ، وَقَدْ ضَبَطَ عِيسَى بْنُ مُوسَى بُيُوتَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْحَوَاصِلَ لِلْمَنْصُورِ حَتَّى قَدِمَ، فَسَلَّمَ إِلَيْهِ الْأَمْرَ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ وَهُوَ بِدُرُوبِ الرُّومِ يُعْلِمُهُ بِوَفَاةِ السَّفَّاحِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ الْخَبَرُ نَادَى فِي النَّاسِ: الصَّلَاةُ جَامِعَةً. فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ الْأُمَرَاءُ وَالنَّاسُ، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَفَاةَ السَّفَّاحِ، ثُمَّ قَامَ فِيهِمْ خَطِيبًا، فَذَكَرَ أَنَّ السَّفَّاحَ كَانَ عَهِدَ إِلَيْهِ حِينَ بَعَثَهُ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، وَشَهِدَ لَهُ بَعْضُ أُمَرَاءِ خُرَاسَانَ بِذَلِكَ، وَنَهَضُوا إِلَيْهِ فَبَايَعُوهُ، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى حَرَّانَ فَتَسَلَّمَهَا مِنْ نَائِبِ الْمَنْصُورِ بَعْدَ مُحَاصَرَةٍ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَقُتِلَ مُقَاتِلٌ الْعَكِّيُّ نَائِبُهَا، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْمَنْصُورَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ عَمِّهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ بَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ أَبَا مُسْلِمٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيَّ، وَمَعَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الْأُمَرَاءِ، وَقَدْ تَحَصَّنَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بِحَرَّانَ، وَأَرْصَدَ عِنْدَهُ مِمَّا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مِنَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ وَالسِّلَاحِ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا جِدًّا. وَسَارَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ وَعَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ مَالِكُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، وَلَمَّا تَحَقَّقَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ قُدُومَ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ إِلَيْهِ خَشِيَ مِنْ جَيْشِ خُرَاسَانَ الَّذِينَ مَعَهُ أَنْ لَا يُنَاصِحُوهُ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَأَرَادَ قَتْلَ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ قُحْطُبَةَ، فَهَرَبَ مِنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ. وَرَكِبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، فَنَزَلَ نَصِيبِينَ وَخَنْدَقَ حَوْلَ عَسْكَرِهِ، وَأَقْبَلَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، فَنَزَلَ نَاحِيَةً، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: إِنِّي لَمْ أُومَرْ بِقِتَالِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَنِي أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالِيًا عَلَى الشَّامِ فَأَنَا أُرِيدُهَا. فَخَافَ جُنُودُ الشَّامِ مِنْ هَذَا الْكَلَامِ وَقَالُوا: إِنَّا نَخَافُ عَلَى ذَرَارِينَا وَأَمْوَالِنَا، فَنَحْنُ نَذْهَبُ إِلَيْهَا نَمْنَعُهُمْ مِنْهُ. فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: وَيْحَكُمْ! وَاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَأْتِ إِلَّا لِقِتَالِنَا. فَأَبَوْا إِلَّا أَنْ يَرْتَحِلُوا نَحْوَ الشَّامِ فَتَحَوَّلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ ذَلِكَ، وَقَصَدَ نَاحِيَةَ الشَّامِ، فَنَهَضَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ، فَنَزَلَ فِي مَوْضِعِ عَسْكَرِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَغَوَّرَ مَا حَوْلَهُ مِنَ الْمِيَاهِ، وَكَانَ نَزَلَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَنْزِلًا جَيِّدًا جِدًّا، وَاحْتَاجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، فَنَزَلُوا فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي نَزَلَ فِيهِ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ فَوَجَدُوهُ مَنْزِلًا رَدِيئًا، ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْقِتَالَ، فَحَارَبَهُمْ خَمْسَةَ أَشْهُرٍ أَوْ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَكَانَ عَلَى خَيْلِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِ بَكَّارُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ، وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِ حَبِيبُ بْنُ سُوَيْدٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ، وَعَلَى مَيْمَنَةِ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ قُحْطُبَةَ، وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِ أَبُو نَصْرٍ خَازِمُ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ، وَقَدْ جَرَتْ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَعَاتٌ، وَقُتِلُ مِنْهُمْ جَمَاعَاتٌ فِي أَيَّامٍ نَحِسَاتٍ، وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ إِذَا حَمَلَ يَرْتَجِزُ وَيَقُولُ: مَنْ كَانَ يَنْوِي أَهْلَهُ فَلَا رَجَعْ فَرَّ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ وَفِي الْمَوْتِ وَقَعْ وَكَانَ يُعْمَلُ لَهُ عَرِيشٌ، فَيَكُونُ فِيهِ إِذَا الْتَقَى الْجَيْشَانِ، فَمَا رَأَى فِي جَيْشِهِ مِنْ خَلَلٍ أَرْسَلَ فَأَصْلَحَهُ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الثُّلَاثَاءِ أَوِ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ لِسَبْعٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ الْتَقَوْا، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَمَكَرَ بِهِمْ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ; بَعَثَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ بْنِ قُحْطُبَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمَيْمَنَةِ، يَأْمُرُهُ أَنْ يَتَحَوَّلَ بِمَنْ مَعَهُ إِلَّا الْقَلِيلَ، إِلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ انْحَازُوا إِلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ بِإِزَاءِ الْمَيْسَرَةِ الَّتِي تَعَمَّرَتْ، فَأَرْسَلَ حِينَئِذٍ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ إِلَى الْقَلْبِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ بِمَنْ بَقِيَ فِي الْمَيْمَنَةِ عَلَى مَيْسَرَةِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، فَحَطَّمُوهُمْ، فَجَالَ أَهْلُ الْقَلْبِ وَالْمَيْمَنَةِ مِنَ الشَّامِيِّينَ، فَحَمَلَ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّونَ فَكَانَتِ الْهَزِيمَةُ، وَانْهَزَمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ بَعْدَ تَلَوُّمٍ، وَاحْتَازَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ مَا كَانَ فِي مُعَسْكَرِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْحَوَاصِلِ، وَأَمَّنَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ بَقِيَّةَ النَّاسِ فَلَمْ يَقْتُلْ مِنْهُمْ أَحَدًا، وَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْمَنْصُورِ بِذَلِكَ، فَأَرْسَلَ الْمَنْصُورُ مَوْلَاهُ أَبَا الْخَصِيبِ لِيُحْصِيَ مَا وَجَدُوا فِي مُعَسْكَرِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَغَضِبَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَبُو مُسْلِمٍ الْخُرَاسَانِيُّ، وَاسْتَوْسَقَتِ الْمَمَالِكُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الْمَنْصُورِ فِي الْمَشَارِقِ وَالْمَغَارِبِ، وَمَضَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ وَأَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهِمَا، فَلَمَّا مَرَّا بِالرُّصَافَةِ أَقَامَ بِهَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ أَبُو الْخَصِيبِ وَجَدَهُ بِهَا، فَأَخَذَهُ مُقَيَّدًا فِي الْحَدِيدِ، فَأَدْخَلَهُ عَلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى عِيسَى بْنِ مُوسَى، فَاسْتَأْمَنَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَنْصُورِ، وَقِيلَ: بَلِ اسْتَأْمَنَ لَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ. وَأَمَّا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، فَإِنَّهُ ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، فَأَقَامَ عِنْدَهُ زَمَانًا مُخْتَفِيًا، ثُمَّ عَلِمَ بِهِ الْمَنْصُورُ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ فَسَجَنَهُ، فَلَبِثَ فِي السَّجْنِ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ، ثُمَّ سَقَطَ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ فَمَاتَ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.
Translation
✧ Then the year 137 AH began. Mention of the rebellion of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās against his nephew al-Manṣūr. When Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr returned from the pilgrimage, he entered al-Kūfah and delivered a sermon to its people on Friday. Then he departed from it to al-Anbār. The oath of allegiance had been taken for him from the people of Iraq, Khurāsān, and the rest of the lands, except al-Shām. ʿĪsā b. Mūsā had taken control of the treasuries and storehouses for al-Manṣūr until he arrived, and then he handed over authority to him. He wrote to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī, who was at the passes of al-Rūm, informing him of the death of al-Saffāḥ. When the news reached him, he called out among the people: "Gather for prayer!" The commanders and people assembled to him, and he read to them the news of al-Saffāḥ's death. Then he stood among them as a speaker and mentioned that al-Saffāḥ had covenanted to him, when he sent him against Marwān, that the matter would be his after him. Some of the commanders of Khurāsān testified to that on his behalf, and they rose to him and pledged allegiance to him. He returned to Ḥarrān, and took possession of it from the deputy of al-Manṣūr after a siege of forty nights. Muqātil al-ʿAkkī, its deputy, was killed. When what had happened with his uncle ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī reached al-Manṣūr, he sent Abū Muslim al-Khurāsānī against him, accompanied by a group of commanders. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī had fortified himself in Ḥarrān and had stockpiled a great quantity of what he needed of food and weapons. Abū Muslim set out, with Mālik b. al-Haytham al-Khuzāʿī at the head of his vanguard. When ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī confirmed the approach of Abū Muslim toward him, he feared that the Khurāsānī troops who were with him would not be sincere to him, so he killed seventeen thousand of them. He wanted to kill Ḥumayd b. Qaḥṭabah, but he fled from him to Abū Muslim. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī then rode out and encamped at Naṣībīn, and he dug a trench around his camp. Abū Muslim advanced and encamped in a nearby area. He wrote to ʿAbd Allāh: "I have not been ordered to fight you. The Commander of the Faithful sent me only as governor over al-Shām, and I intend to go there." The troops of al-Shām feared from this talk and said: "We fear for our families and properties, so we will go there to protect them from him." ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī said: "Woe to you! By God, he has come only to fight us." But they insisted on departing toward al-Shām. So ʿAbd Allāh moved from that position of his and headed toward the region of al-Shām. Abū Muslim then advanced and encamped at the site of ʿAbd Allāh's camp, and he destroyed the water sources around it. ʿAbd Allāh had encamped in a very good position, but he and his companions were in need, so they encamped at the place where Abū Muslim had encamped, which they found to be a poor position. Then Abū Muslim initiated fighting. He fought them for five or six months. The cavalry of ʿAbd Allāh was commanded by his brother ʿAbd al-Ṣamad b. ʿAlī; his right wing by Bakkār b. Muslim al-ʿUqaylī; his left wing by Ḥabīb b. Suwayd al-Asadī. The right wing of Abū Muslim was commanded by al-Ḥasan b. Qaḥṭabah, and his left wing by Abū Naṣr Khāzim b. Khuzaymah. Several engagements took place between them, and groups were killed on inauspicious days. When Abū Muslim charged, he would chant in rajaz: "Whoever intends his family, let him not return; he fled from death, and in death he has fallen." A trellis was constructed for him, and he would be in it when the two armies met. Whatever breach he saw in his army, he would send and repair it. On Tuesday or Wednesday, seven nights remaining of Jumādā al-Ākhirah, they met and fought a severe battle. Abū Muslim tricked them: he sent to al-Ḥasan b. Qaḥṭabah, commander of the right wing, ordering him to move with those with him, except a few, to the left wing. When the people of al-Shām saw that, they shifted to the right wing opposite the left wing that had become reinforced. Then Abū Muslim sent to the center to charge with those remaining in the right wing against the left wing of the people of al-Shām. They crushed them. The center and right wing of the Syrians wavered, and the Khurāsānīs charged, and the rout occurred. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī fled after some hesitation. Abū Muslim seized what was in their camp of wealth and stores, and he granted amnesty to the rest of the people, so he did not kill any of them. He wrote to al-Manṣūr about that. Al-Manṣūr sent his client Abū al-Khaṣīb to inventory what they found in the camp of ʿAbd Allāh. Abū Muslim al-Khurāsānī became angry at that. The dominions were consolidated for Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr in the east and the west. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī and his brother ʿAbd al-Ṣamad fled at random. When they passed by al-Ruṣāfah, ʿAbd al-Ṣamad stayed there. When Abū al-Khaṣīb returned, he found him there, so he took him bound in irons and brought him before al-Manṣūr. He handed him over to ʿĪsā b. Mūsā, who sought safe-conduct for him from al-Manṣūr. It is also said that Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī sought safe-conduct for him. As for ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAlī, he went to his brother Sulaymān b. ʿAlī in al-Baṣrah and stayed with him for a time in hiding. Then al-Manṣūr learned of him, so he sent for him and imprisoned him. He remained in prison for nine years, then the house in which he was collapsed upon him, and he died, as will be explained in its proper place, if God Almighty wills.
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