Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2607
Then the Year 126 AH Began
ذِكْرُ نَسَبِ الْوَلِيدِ وَبَعْضِ سِيرَتِهِ هُوَ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافٍ الْأُمَوِيُّ، يُكَنَّى أَبَا الْعَبَّاسِ، وَأُمُّهُ أُمُّ الْحَجَّاجِ بِنْتُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَهِيَ بِنْتُ أَخِي الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، وَأُمُّ أَبِيهِ عَاتِكَةُ بِنْتُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَأُمُّهَا أُمُّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ كُرَيْزٍ، وَأُمُّ عَامِرِ بْنِ كُرَيْزٍ أُمُّ حَكِيمٍ الْبَيْضَاءُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَلِذَلِكَ يَقُولُ الْوَلِيدُ: نَبِيُّ الْهُدَى خَالِي وَمَنْ يَكُ خَالُهُ نَبِيَّ الْهُدَى يُقْهَرْ بِهِ مَنْ يُفَاخِرُهُ وَكَانَ مِنْ فِتْيَانِ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ وَظُرَفَائِهِمْ وَشُجْعَانِهِمْ وَأَجْوَادِهِمْ وَأَشِدَّائِهِمْ، مُنْهَمِكًا فِي اللَّهْوِ وَالشُّرْبِ وَسَمَاعِ الْغِنَاءِ فَظَهَرَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ فَقُتِلَ. وَمِنْ جَيِّدِ شِعْرِهِ مَا قَالَهُ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ هِشَامًا يُرِيدُ خَلْعَهُ: كَفَرْتَ يَدًا مِنْ مُنْعِمٍ لَوْ شَكَرْتَهَا جَزَاكَ بِهَا الرَّحْمَنُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ وَالْمَنِّ وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَتِ الْأَبْيَاتُ الْأَرْبَعَةُ، وَأَشْعَارُهُ حَسَنَةٌ فِي الْغَزَلِ وَالْعِتَابِ وَوَصْفِ الْخَمْرِ وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ أَخَذَ الشُّعَرَاءُ مَعَانِيَهُ فِي وَصْفِ الْخَمْرِ فَسَرَقُوهَا وَأَدْخَلُوهَا فِي أَشْعَارِهِمْ وَخَاصَّةً أَبُو نُوَاسٍ فَإِنَّهُ أَكْثَرُهُمْ أَخْذًا لَهَا. قَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: الْمَحَبَّةُ لِلْغَنَاءِ تَزِيدُ فِي الشَّهْوَةِ، وَتَهْدِمُ الْمُرُوءَةُ، وَتَنُوبُ عَنِ الْخَمْرِ، وَتَفْعَلُ مَا يَفْعَلُ السُّكْرُ، فَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ لَا بُدَّ فَاعِلِينَ فَجَنِّبُوهُ النِّسَاءَ، فَإِنَّ الْغِنَاءَ رُقْيَةُ الزِّنَا، وَإِنِّي لَأَقُولَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ وَإِنَّهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ كُلِّ لَذَّةٍ، وَأَشْهَى إِلَى نَفْسِي مِنَ الْمَاءِ إِلَى ذِي الْغُلَّةِ، وَلَكِنَّ الْحَقَّ أَحَقُّ أَنْ يُتَّبَعَ. قِيلَ: إِنَّ يَزِيدَ بْنَ مُنَبِّهٍ مَوْلَى ثَقِيفٍ مَدَحَ الْوَلِيدَ وَهَنَّأَهُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ، فَأَمَرَ أَنْ تُعَدَّ الْأَبْيَاتُ وَيُعْطَى بِكُلِّ بَيْتٍ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، فَعُدَّتْ فَكَانَتْ خَمْسِينَ بَيْتًا فَأُعْطِيَ خَمْسِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ خَلِيفَةٍ عَدَّ الشِّعْرَ وَأَعْطَى بِكُلِّ بَيْتٍ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ. وَمِنْ حَسَنِ الْكَلَامِ مَا قَالَهُ الْوَلِيدُ لَمَّا مَاتَ مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَإِنَّ هِشَامًا قَعَدَ لِلْعَزَاءِ، فَأَتَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ وَهُوَ نَشْوَانُ يَجُرُّ مُطْرَفَ خَزٍّ عَلَيْهِ، فَوَقَفَ عَلَى هِشَامٍ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّ عُقْبَى مَنْ بَقِيَ لُحُوقُ مَنْ مَضَى، وَقَدْ أَقْفَرَ بَعْدَ مَسْلَمَةَ الصَّيْدُ لِمَنْ رَمَى، وَاخْتَلَّ الثَّغْرُ فَهَوَى، وَعَلَى أَثَرِ مَنْ سَلَفَ يَمْضِي مَنْ خَلَفَ، ( وَتَزَوَّدُوا فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الزَّادِ التَّقْوَى ). فَأَعْرَضَ هِشَامٌ وَلَمْ يُحِرْ جَوَابًا، وَسَكَتَ الْقَوْمُ فَلَمْ يَنْطِقُوا. وَقَدْ نَزَّهَ قَوْمٌ الْوَلِيدَ مِمَّا قِيلَ فِيهِ، وَأَنْكَرُوهُ وَنَفَوْهُ عَنْهُ وَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ قِيلَ عَنْهُ وَأُلْصِقَ بِهِ وَلَيْسَ بِصَحِيحٍ. قَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: دَخَلَ ابْنٌ لِلْغَمْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ أَخِي الْوَلِيدِ عَلَى الرَّشِيدِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ. قَالَ: مِنْ أَيِّهَا ؟ فَأَمْسَكَ، فَقَالَ: قُلْ وَأَنْتَ آمِنٌ وَلَوْ أَنَّكَ مَرْوَانُ. فَقَالَ: أَنَا ابْنُ الْغَمْرِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ. فَقَالَ: رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَمَّكَ الْوَلِيدَ وَلَعَنَ يَزِيدَ النَّاقِصَ، فَإِنَّهُ قَتَلَ خَلِيفَةً مُجْمَعًا عَلَيْهِ ! ارْفَعْ حَوَائِجَكَ. فَرَفَعَهَا فَقَضَاهَا. وَقَالَ شَبِيبُ بْنُ شَيْبَةَ: كُنَّا جُلُوسًا عِنْدَ الْمَهْدِيِّ فَذَكَرُوا الْوَلِيدَ، فَقَالَ الْمَهْدِيُّ: كَانَ زِنْدِيقًا، فَقَامَ أَبُو عُلَاثَةَ الْفَقِيهُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ - عَزَّ وَجَلَّ - أَعْدَلُ مِنْ أَنْ يُوَلِّيَ خِلَافَةَ النُّبُوَّةِ وَأَمْرَ الْأُمَّةِ زِنْدِيقًا، لَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ كَانَ يَشْهَدُهُ فِي مَلَاعِبِهِ وَشُرْبِهِ عَنْهُ بِمُرُوءَةٍ فِي طَهَارَتِهِ وَصَلَاتِهِ، فَكَانَ إِذَا حَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ يَطْرَحُ الثِّيَابَ الَّتِي عَلَيْهِ الْمَطَايِبُ الْمُصْبَغَةِ، ثُمَّ يَتَوَضَّأُ فَيُحْسِنُ الْوُضُوءَ، وَيُؤْتَى بِثِيَابٍ نِظَافٍ بِيضٍ فَيَلْبَسُهَا وَيُصَلِّي فِيهَا، فَإِذَا فَرَغَ عَادَ إِلَى تِلْكَ الثِّيَابِ فَلَبِسَهَا وَاشْتَغَلَ بِشُرْبِهِ وَلَهْوِهِ، فَهَذَا فَعَالُ مَنْ لَا يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ ؟ ! فَقَالَ الْمَهْدِيُّ: بَارَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَبَا عُلَاثَةَ ! وَقَالَ حَمَّادٌ الرَّاوِيَةُ: (كُنْتُ يَوْمًا عِنْدَ الْوَلِيدِ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ مُنَجِّمَانِ فَقَالَا: نَظَرْنَا فِيمَا أَمَرْتَنَا فَوَجَدْنَاكَ تَمْلِكُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ، قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَخْدَعَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: كَذَبَا وَنَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِالْآثَارِ وَضُرُوبِ الْعِلْمِ، وَقَدْ نَظَرْنَا فِي هَذَا فَوَجَدْنَاكَ تَمْلِكُ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً، فَأَطْرَقَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: لَا، مَا قَالَا يَكْسِرُنِي، وَلَا مَا قُلْتَ يَغُرُّنِي، وَاللَّهِ؛ لَأَجْبِيَنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ مِنْ حُلَّةِ جِبَايَةِ مَنْ يَعِيشُ الْأَبَدَ، وَلَأَصْرِفَنَّهُ فِي حَقِّهِ صَرْفَ مَنْ يَمُوتُ الْغَدَ). وعَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أُمِّهَا قَالَتْ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَعِنْدِي غُلَامٌ مِنْ آلِ الْمُغِيرَةِ اسْمُهُ الْوَلِيدُ فَقَالَ: " مَنْ هَذَا يَا أُمَّ سَلَمَةَ ؟ " قَالَتْ: هَذَا الْوَلِيدُ. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " وَقَدِ اتَّخَذْتُمُ الْوَلِيدَ حَنَانًا، غَيِّرُوا اسْمَهُ ; فَإِنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ فِي هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ فِرْعَوْنٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْوَلِيدُ ". وعَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الْجَرَّاحِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا يَزَالُ هَذَا الْأَمْرُ قَائِمًا بِالْقِسْطِ حَتَّى يَثْلَمَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ فَضْلِ اللَّهِ فِي «الْمَسَالِكِ»: (الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، الْجَبَّارُ الْعَنِيدُ، لَقَبًا مَا عَدَاهُ، وَلَقَمًا سَلَكَهُ فَمَا هَدَاهُ، فِرْعَوْنُ ذَلِكَ الْعَصْرِ الذَّاهِبِ، وَالدَّهْرِ الْمَمْلُوءِ بِالْمَعَائِبِ، يَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَقْدُمُ قَوْمَهُ فَيُورِدُهُمُ النَّارَ، وَيُرْدِيهِمُ الْعَارَ، وَبِئْسَ الْوِرْدُ الْمَوْرُودُ، وَالْمَرَدُّ الْمُرْدِي فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْقِفِ الْمَشْهُودِ، رَشَقَ الْمُصْحَفَ بِالسِّهَامِ، وَفَسَقَ وَلَمْ يَخَفْ الْآثَامَ). وَأَخْرَجَ الصُّولِيُّ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ قَالَ: (أَنْشَدَ ابْنُ مَيَّادَةَ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ يَزِيدَ شِعْرَهُ الَّذِي يَقُولُ فِيهِ: فَضَلْتُمْ قُرَيْشًا غَيْرَ آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ وَغَيْرَ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ أَهْلِ الْفَضَائِلِ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَلِيدُ: أَرَاكَ قَدْ قَدَّمْتَ عَلَيْنَا آلَ مُحَمَّدٍ؟! فَقَالَ ابْنُ مَيَّادَةَ: مَا أَرَاهُ يَجُوزُ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ!!) وَابْنُ مَيَّادَةَ هَذَا هُوَ الْقَائِلُ فِي الْوَلِيدِ أَيْضًا مِنْ قَصِيدَةٍ طَوِيلَةٍ: هَمَمْتُ بِقَوْلٍ صَادِقٍ أَنْ أَقُولَهُ وَإِنِّي عَلَى رَغْمِ الْعِدَاةِ لَقَائِلُهْ رَأَيْتُ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ الْيَزِيدِ مُبَارَكًا شَدِيدًا بِأَعْبَاءِ الْخِلَافَةِ كَاهِلُهُ
Translation
✧ Mention of al-Walīd’s lineage and some of his conduct He is al-Walīd b. Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ b. ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf al-Umawī. His kunyah is Abū al-ʿAbbās. His mother was Umm al-Ḥajjāj bt. Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-Thaqafī, and she was the daughter of the brother of al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf. The mother of his father was ʿĀtikah bt. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān, and her mother was Umm Kulthūm bt. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir b. Kurayz. The mother of ʿĀmir b. Kurayz was Umm Ḥakīm al-Bayḍāʾ bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. For this reason al-Walīd says: The Prophet of guidance is my maternal uncle, and whoever’s maternal uncle is the Prophet of guidance is with him subdued whoever vies with him in glory. He was among the young men of the Banū Umayyah, their refined ones, their brave ones, their generous ones, and their strong ones, immersed in diversion, drinking, and listening to singing. That became apparent in his affair, so he was killed. Among his good poetry is what he said when he learned that Hishām wanted to depose him: You have disbelieved a hand of a benefactor; had you thanked it, the Merciful, possessor of bounty and favor, would have rewarded you for it. The four verses have already been mentioned. His poems are good in amatory verse, reproach, describing wine, and other topics. The poets took his meanings in describing wine and stole them, incorporating them into their poems, especially Abū Nuwās, for he took from them the most. Al-Walīd said: Love of singing increases desire, destroys manly virtue, takes the place of wine, and does what drunkenness does. If you must do it, keep women away from it, for singing is the incantation of fornication. I say this against myself even though it is dearer to me than every pleasure and more desirable to my soul than water to one burning with thirst, but the truth is more worthy of being followed. It is said that Yazīd b. Munabbih, a client of Thaqīf, praised al-Walīd and congratulated him on the caliphate. He ordered the verses to be counted and that he be given a thousand dirhams for each verse. They were counted and came to fifty verses, so he was given fifty thousand dirhams. He was the first caliph to count poetry and give a thousand dirhams for each verse. Among the fine speech of al-Walīd is what he said when Maslamah b. ʿAbd al-Malik died. Hishām sat to receive condolences, and al-Walīd came to him intoxicated, trailing an outer garment of silk brocade over himself. He stood before Hishām and said: O Commander of the Faithful, the final outcome of whoever remains is to join whoever has passed away. After Maslamah, the hunt has become empty for whoever shoots, and the frontier has become disordered and fallen. Upon the track of those who have gone, those who come after will pass. (And take provisions, for the best provision is God-fearing.) Hishām turned away and gave no answer, and the people fell silent and did not speak. Some people declared al-Walīd innocent of what was said about him, denied it, and refuted it, saying it was said about him and attached to him without being true. Al-Madāʾinī said: A son of al-Ghamr b. Yazīd, the brother of al-Walīd, entered upon al-Rashīd. He said to him: From whom are you? He said: From Quraysh. He said: From which of them? He hesitated, so al-Rashīd said: Speak, and you are safe, even if you were Marwān. He said: I am the son of al-Ghamr b. Yazīd. He said: May God have mercy on your paternal uncle al-Walīd and curse Yazīd the Deficient, for he killed a caliph upon whom there was consensus! Present your requests. He presented them, and he fulfilled them. Shibāb b. Shaybah said: We were sitting with al-Mahdī, and they mentioned al-Walīd. Al-Mahdī said: He was a heretic (zindīq). Abū ʿUlāthah the jurist stood up and said: O Commander of the Faithful, God—mighty and glorious—is too just to place the caliphate of prophethood and the affair of the community upon a heretic. Someone who used to witness him in his diversions and drinking told me of his manly virtue in his purification and prayer. When prayer was due, he would cast off the perfumed, dyed garments he had on, then perform ablution and perform it well. Clean white garments would be brought, and he would put them on and pray in them. When he finished, he would return to those garments, put them on, and occupy himself with his drinking and diversion. Is this the action of one who does not believe in God?! Al-Mahdī said: May God bless you, O Abū ʿUlāthah! Ḥammād the transmitter said: (One day I was with al-Walīd when two astrologers entered. They said: We looked into what you commanded us and found that you would rule for seven years. Ḥammād said: I wanted to deceive him, so I said: They have lied, and we are more knowledgeable of the traditions and the various branches of knowledge. We have looked into this and found that you will rule for forty years. He bowed his head, then said: No. What they said does not break me, and what you said does not deceive me. By God, I shall collect this wealth with the collection of one who lives forever, and I shall spend it in its rightful place with the spending of one who will die tomorrow.) From Zaynab bt. Umm Salamah, from her mother, who said: The Prophet ﷺ entered upon me while a boy from the family of al-Mughīrah named al-Walīd was with me. He said: “Who is this, O Umm Salamah?” She said: This is al-Walīd. The Prophet ﷺ said: “You have taken al-Walīd as a namesake. Change his name, for in this community there will be a Pharaoh called al-Walīd.” From Abū ʿUbaydah b. al-Jarrāḥ, from the Prophet ﷺ, he said: This affair will remain established in justice until a man from the Banū Umayyah breaches it. Ibn Faḍl Allāh said in al-Masālik: (Al-Walīd b. Yazīd, the obstinate tyrant. In no way does a title exceed him, and in no way does he follow a road that guides him. The Pharaoh of that bygone age, and the time filled with faults. On the Day of Resurrection he will come leading his people, bringing them to the Fire and casting them into disgrace. Evil is the watering place at which they will drink and the destination that will destroy them in that witnessed station. He shot the muṣḥaf with arrows, acted immorally, and did not fear sins.) Al-Ṣūlī transmitted from Saʿīd b. Sulaym, who said: (Ibn Mayyādah recited to al-Walīd b. Yazīd his poem in which he says: You have surpassed Quraysh, other than the family of Muḥammad and other than the Banū Marwān, the people of virtues. Al-Walīd said to him: I see you have placed the family of Muḥammad before us?! Ibn Mayyādah said: I do not think anything other than that is permissible!!) This Ibn Mayyādah is the one who also said of al-Walīd in a long ode: I resolved to say a truthful word, and despite the enemies I shall surely say it. I saw al-Walīd b. al-Yazīd as blessed, strong, his shoulders bearing the burdens of the caliphate.
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