Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2572
The Year 121 AH
غَزَوَاتِ نَصْرِ بْنِ سَيَّارٍ مَا وَرَاءَ النَّهْرِ وَفِي سنة إحدى وعشرين ومائة غَزَا نَصْرُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ مَا وَرَاءَ النَّهْرِ مَرَّتَيْنِ، إِحْدَاهُمَا مِنْ نَحْوِ الْبَابِ الْجَدِيدِ، فَسَارَ مِنْ بَلْخٍ مِنْ تِلْكَ النَّاحِيَةِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مَرْوَ فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ وَأَخْبَرَهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أَقَامَ مَنْصُورَ بْنَ عُمَرَ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَرْقَاءِ عَلَى كَشْفِ الْمَظَالِمِ، وَأَنَّهُ قَدْ وَضَعَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَمَّنْ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ، وَجَعَلَهَا عَلَى مَنْ كَانَ يُخَفِّفُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ. فَلَمْ تَمْضِ جُمْعَةٌ حَتَّى أَتَاهُ ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفَ مُسْلِمٍ كَانُوا يُؤَدُّونَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ رُءُوسِهِمْ، وَثَمَانُونَ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ كَانَتْ قَدْ أُلْقِيَتْ عَنْهُمْ، فَحَوَّلَ مَا كَانَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَوَضَعَهُ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ صَنَّفَ الْخَرَاجَ وَوَضَعَهُ مَوَاضِعَهُ. ثُمَّ غَزَا الثَّانِيَةَ إِلَى وَرَغْسَرَ وَسَمَرْقَنْدَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ. ثُمَّ غَزَا الثَّالِثَةَ إِلَى الشَّاشِ مِنْ مَرْوَ، فَحَالَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ عُبُورِ نَهْرِ الشَّاشِ كُورْصُولُ فِي خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَكَانَ مَعَهُمُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ سُرَيْجٍ، وَعَبَرَ كُورْصُولُ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا، فَبَيَّتَ أَهْلُ الْعَسْكَرِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ مُظْلِمَةٍ، وَمَعَ نَصْرٍ بُخَارَاخُذَاهْ فِي أَهْلِ بُخَارَى، وَمَعَهُ أَهْلُ سَمَرْقَنْدَ وَكَشٍّ وَنَسَفَ، وَهُمْ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا، فَنَادَى نَصْرٌ: أَلَّا يَخْرُجَنَّ أَحَدٌ وَاثْبُتُوا عَلَى مَوَاضِعِكُمْ. فَخَرَجَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، وَهُوَ عَلَى جُنْدِ سَمَرْقَنْدَ، فَمَرَّتْ بِهِ خَيْلُ التُّرْكِ، فَحَمَلَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فِي آخِرِهِمْ فَأَسَرَهُ، فَإِذَا هُوَ مَلِكٌ مِنْ مُلُوكِهِمْ صَاحِبُ أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ قُبَّةٍ، فَأَتَى بِهِ إِلَى نَصْرٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ نَصْرٌ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: كُورْصُولُ. فَقَالَ نَصْرٌ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَمْكَنَ مِنْكَ يَا عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: مَا تَرْجُو مِنْ قَتْلِ شَيْخٍ ؟ وَأَنَا أُعْطِيكَ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ بَعِيرٍ مِنْ إِبِلِ التُّرْكِ وَأَلْفَ بِرْذَوْنٍ تُقَوِّي بِهَا جُنْدَكَ وَتُطْلِقُ سَبِيلِي. فَاسْتَشَارَ نَصْرٌ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَأَشَارُوا بِإِطْلَاقِهِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ عُمْرِهِ، قَالَ: لَا أَدْرِي. قَالَ: كَمْ غَزَوْتَ ؟ قَالَ: اثْنَتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ غَزْوَةً. قَالَ: أَشْهِدْتَ يَوْمَ الْعَطَشِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: لَوْ أَعْطَيْتَنِي مَا طَلَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ مَا أَفْلَتَّ مِنْ يَدِي بَعْدَ مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ مَشَاهِدِكَ. وَقَالَ لِعَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ السَّعْدِيِّ: قُمْ إِلَى سَلَبِهِ فَخُذْهُ. فَقَالَ: مَنْ أَسَرَنِي ؟ قَالَ نَصْرٌ، وَهُوَ يَضْحَكُ: أَسَرَكَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ قِرَانٍ الْحَنْظَلِيُّ، وَأَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ. قَالَ: هَذَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يَغْسِلَ اسْتَهُ، أَوْ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُتِمَّ لَهُ بَوْلَهُ فَكَيْفَ يَأْسِرُنِي ؟ أَخْبِرْنِي مَنْ أَسَرَنِي ؟ قَالَ: أَسَرَكَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ. قَالَ: لَسْتُ أَجِدُ أَلَمَ الْقَتْلِ إِذَا كَانَ أَسَرَنِي فَارِسٌ مِنْ فُرْسَانِ الْعَرَبِ. فَقَتَلَهُ وَصَلَبَهُ عَلَى شَاطِئِ النَّهْرِ. وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ هُوَ الْهَزَارْمَرْدُ، قُتِلَ بِنَهَاوَنْدَ أَيَّامَ قَحْطَبَةَ. فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ كُورْصُولُ أَحْرَقَتِ التُّرْكُ أَبْنِيَتَهُ وَقَطَعُوا آذَانَهُمْ وَقَصُّوا شُعُورَهُمْ وَأَذْنَابَ خَيْلِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ نَصْرٌ الرُّجُوعَ أَحْرَقَهُ لِئَلَّا يَحْمِلُوا عِظَامَهُ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ أَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ، وَارْتَفَعَ إِلَى فَرْغَانَةَ فَسَبَى بِهَا أَلْفَ رَأْسٍ. وَكَتَبَ يُوسُفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ إِلَى نَصْرٍ: سِرْ إِلَى هَذَا الْغَارِزِ ذَنَبَهُ فِي الشَّاشِ، يَعْنِي الْحَارِثَ بْنَ سُرَيْجٍ، فَإِنْ أَظْفَرَكَ اللَّهُ بِهِ وَبِأَهْلِ الشَّاشِ فَخَرِّبْ بِلَادَهُمْ وَاسْبِ ذَرَارِيَهُمْ، إِيَّاكَ وَوَرْطَةَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَقَرَأَ الْكِتَابَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ، فَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ الْحُضَيْنِ: ( امْضِ لِأَمْرِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَمْرِ الْأَمِيرِ ). فَقَالَ نَصْرٌ: يَا يَحْيَى تَكَلَّمْتَ بِكَلِمَةٍ أَيَّامَ عَاصِمٍ بَلَغَتِ الْخَلِيفَةَ فَحَظِيتَ بِهَا وَبَلَغْتَ الدَّرَجَةَ الرَّفِيعَةَ، فَقُلْتَ أَقُولُ مِثْلَهَا، سِرْ يَا يَحْيَى قَدْ وَلَّيْتُكَ مُقَدِّمَتِي. فَلَامَ النَّاسُ يَحْيَى، فَسَارَ إِلَى الشَّاشِ، فَأَتَاهُمُ الْحَارِثُ فَنَصَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَرَّادَتَيْنِ، وَأَغَارَ الْأَخْرَمُ، وَهُوَ فَارِسُ التُّرْكِ، عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَأَلْقَوْا رَأْسَهُ إِلَى التُّرْكِ، فَصَاحُوا وَانْهَزَمُوا. وَسَارَ نَصْرٌ إِلَى الشَّاشِ، فَتَلَقَّاهُ مَلِكُهَا بِالصُّلْحِ وَالْهَدِيَّةِ وَالرَّهْنِ، وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ نَصْرٌ إِخْرَاجَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ سُرَيْجٍ عَنْ بَلَدِهِ، فَأَخْرَجَهُ إِلَى فَارَابَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الشَّاشِ نَيْزَكَ بْنَ صَالِحٍ مَوْلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ قُبَا مِنْ أَرْضِ فَرْغَانَةَ، وَكَانُوا أَحَسُّوا بِمَجِيئِهِ فَأَحْرَقُوا الْحَشِيشَ وَقَطَعُوا الْمِيرَةَ، فَوَجَّهَ نَصْرٌ إِلَى وَلِيِّ [ عَهْدِ ] صَاحِبِ فَرْغَانَةَ فَحَاصَرَهُ فِي حِصْنٍ، وَغَفَلُوا عَنْهُ فَخَرَجَ وَغَنِمَ دَوَابَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ نَصْرٌ رِجَالًا مِنْ تَمِيمٍ وَمَعَهُمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَدَوَابُّهُمْ كَمَنُوا لَهُمْ، فَخَرَجُوا وَاسْتَاقُوا بَعْضَهَا، وَخَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَهَزَمُوهُمْ وَقَتَلُوا الدِّهْقَانَ، وَأَسَرُوا مِنْهُمْ وَأَسَرُوا ابْنَ الدِّهْقَانِ فَقَتَلَهُ نَصْرٌ، وَأَرْسَلَ نَصْرٌ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ صُولٍ بِكِتَابِ الصُّلْحِ إِلَى صَاحِبِ فَرْغَانَةَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَأُدْخِلَ الْخَزَائِنَ لِيَرَاهَا ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: كَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ الطَّرِيقَ فِيمَا بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ ؟ قَالَ: سَهْلًا كَثِيرَ الْمَاءِ وَالْمَرَاعِي، ( فَكَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ: مَا عِلْمُكَ ؟ فَقَالَ سُلَيْمَانُ: قَدْ غَزَوْتُ غَرْشِسْتَانَ وَغُورَ ) وَالْخُتُّلَ وَطَبَرِسْتَانَ فَكَيْفَ لَا أَعْلَمُ ؟ قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ رَأَيْتَ مَا أَعْدَدْنَا ؟ قَالَ: عُدَّةٌ حَسَنَةٌ، وَلَكِنْ أَمَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ [ صَاحِبَ ] الْحِصَارِ لَا يَسْلَمُ مِنْ خِصَالٍ، لَا يَأْمَنُ أَقْرَبَ النَّاسِ إِلَيْهِ وَأَوْثَقَهُمْ فِي نَفْسِهِ [ أَنْ يَثِبَ بِهِ يَطْلُبُ مَرْتَبَتَهُ وَيَتَقَرَّبُ بِذَلِكَ ]، أَوْ يُفْنِيَ مَا [ قَدْ ] جَمَعَ فَيَسْلَمُ بِرُمَّتِهِ، أَوْ يُصِيبُهُ دَاءٌ فَيَمُوتُ. فَكَرِهَ مَا قَالَ لَهُ وَأَمَرَهُ فَأُحْضِرَ كِتَابُ الصُّلْحِ، فَأَجَابَ إِلَيْهِ وَسَيَّرَ أُمَّهُ مَعَهُ، وَكَانَتْ صَاحِبَةُ أَمْرِهِ، فَقَدِمَتْ عَلَى نَصْرٍ، فَأَذِنَ لَهَا وَجَعَلَ يُكَلِّمُهَا، وَكَانَ مِمَّا قَالَتْ لَهُ: كُلُّ مَلِكٍ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ سِتَّةُ أَشْيَاءَ فَلَيْسَ بِمَلِكٍ، وَزِيرٌ يَبُثُّ إِلَيْهِ مَا فِي نَفْسِهِ وَيُشَاوِرُهُ وَيَثِقُ بِنَصِيحَتِهِ، وَطَبَّاخٌ إِذَا لَمْ يَشْتَهِ الطَّعَامَ اتَّخَذَ لَهُ مَا يَشْتَهِي، وَزَوْجَةٌ إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا مُغْتَمًّا فَنَظَرَ إِلَى وَجْهِهَا زَالَ غَمُّهُ، وَحِصْنٌ إِذَا فَزِعَ أَتَاهُ فَأَنْجَاهُ، تَعْنِي الْبِرْذَوْنَ، وَسَيْفٌ إِذَا قَاتَلَ لَا يَخْشَى خِيَانَتَهُ، وَذَخِيرَةٌ إِذَا حَمَلَهَا عَاشَ بِهَا أَيْنَ كَانَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ. ثُمَّ دَخَلَ تَمِيمُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ فَقَالَتْ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: هَذَا فَتَى خُرَاسَانَ تَمِيمُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ. قَالَتْ: مَا لَهُ نُبْلُ الْكَبِيرِ وَلَا حَلَاوَةُ الصَّغِيرِ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ فَقَالَتْ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالُوا: الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ، فَحَيَّتْهُ وَسَأَلَتْ عَنْهُ وَقَالَتْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْعَرَبِ مَا لَكُمْ وَفَاءٌ وَلَا يُصْلِحُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا. قُتَيْبَةُ الَّذِي ذَلَّلَ لَكُمْ مَا أَرَى، وَهَذَا ابْنُهُ تُقْعِدُهُ دُونَكَ فَحَقُّهُ أَنْ تُجْلِسَهُ أَنْتَ هَذَا الْمَجْلِسَ وَتَجْلِسَ أَنْتَ مَجْلِسَهُ.
Translation
✧ The campaigns of Naṣr b. Sayyār beyond the river In the year one hundred and twenty-one, Naṣr b. Sayyār campaigned beyond the river twice: one of them from the direction of the New Gate. He marched from Balkh in that direction, then returned to Marw, addressed the people, and informed them that he had appointed Manṣūr b. ʿUmar b. Abī al-Kharqāʾ to investigate grievances, and that he had lifted the jizyah from those who had embraced Islam and placed it upon those polytheists from whom it had been lightened. A week had not passed before thirty thousand Muslims came to him who had been paying the jizyah on their heads, and eighty thousand polytheists from whom it had been lifted. He transferred what had been upon the Muslims to them, and removed it from the Muslims. Then he classified the land tax and placed it in its proper places. Then he campaigned a second time to Warghsar and Samarqand, then returned. Then he campaigned a third time to al-Shāsh from Marw. Kūrṣūl blocked him from crossing the river of al-Shāsh with fifteen thousand, and al-Ḥārith b. Surayj was with them. Kūrṣūl crossed with forty men and made a night raid on the people of the camp on a dark night. With Naṣr was Bukhārākhudāh with the people of Bukhārā, and with him the people of Samarqand, Kish, and Nasaf—twenty thousand in all. Naṣr called out: "Let no one go out; remain firm in your positions." But ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmayr, who was in command of the army of Samarqand, went out. The cavalry of the Turks passed by him, and he charged at a man at their rear and captured him. Behold, he was a king of their kings, the master of four thousand tents. He brought him to Naṣr. Naṣr said to him: "Who are you?" He said: "Kūrṣūl." Naṣr said: "Praise be to God who has given power over you, O enemy of God." He said: "What do you hope from killing an old man? I will give you four thousand camels of the camels of the Turks and a thousand pack-horses with which you can strengthen your army, and you will release me." Naṣr consulted his companions, and they advised releasing him. Then he asked him about his age. He said: "I do not know." He said: "How many campaigns have you fought?" He said: "Seventy-two campaigns." He said: "Were you present on the Day of Thirst?" He said: "Yes." He said: "If you gave me all that the sun rises upon, you would not escape my hand after you have mentioned your witnessing of these events." And he said to ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmayr al-Saʿdī: "Rise to his spoils and take them." Then Kūrṣūl said: "Who captured me?" Naṣr said, laughing: "Yazīd b. Qirān al-Ḥanẓalī captured you," and he pointed to him. He said: "This one cannot wash his own backside," or "cannot finish urinating properly; how could he capture me? Tell me who captured me." He said: "ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmayr captured you." He said: "I shall not feel the pain of being killed if a horseman of the horsemen of the Arabs captured me." Then Naṣr killed him and crucified him on the bank of the river. ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmayr is al-Hazārmard. He was killed at Nihāwand in the days of Qaḥṭabah. When Kūrṣūl was killed, the Turks burned his buildings, cut their ears, clipped their hair, and the tails of their horses. When Naṣr wished to return, he burned him so that they would not carry off his bones. That was harder on them than his killing. He advanced to Farghānah and took captive there a thousand heads. Yūsuf b. ʿUmar wrote to Naṣr: "March against this one who has planted his tail in al-Shāsh—meaning al-Ḥārith b. Surayj. If God gives you victory over him and the people of al-Shāsh, then destroy their lands and take their offspring captive. Beware of entangling the Muslims in a predicament." He read the letter to the people and consulted them. Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥuḍayn said: "Carry out the command of the Commander of the Faithful and the command of the governor." Naṣr said: "O Yaḥyā, you spoke a word in the days of ʿĀṣim that reached the caliph, and you gained favor by it and attained a high rank. Now you say, 'I shall say something like it.' March, O Yaḥyā, I have appointed you over my vanguard." The people blamed Yaḥyā. He marched to al-Shāsh. Al-Ḥārith came upon them and set up two ballistae against them. Al-Akhram—who was the horseman of the Turks—raided the Muslims, and they killed him and threw his head toward the Turks. They cried out and were put to flight. Naṣr marched to al-Shāsh, and its king met him with peace, gifts, and hostages. Naṣr stipulated that he expel al-Ḥārith b. Surayj from his land. He expelled him to Fārāb. Naṣr appointed Nayzak b. Ṣāliḥ, client of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, over al-Shāsh. Then he marched until he encamped at Qubā in the land of Farghānah. They had become aware of his coming, so they burned the dry fodder and cut off supplies. Naṣr sent against the heir apparent of the lord of Farghānah and besieged him in a fortress. They were heedless of him, and he came out and seized the Muslims' mounts. Naṣr sent men from Tamīm against them, with them Muḥammad b. al-Muthannā. The Muslims and their mounts lay in ambush for them. They came out and drove off some of them. The Muslims came out against them, routed them, and killed the dihqān. They captured some of them and captured the son of the dihqān, and Naṣr killed him. Naṣr sent Sulaymān b. Ṣūl with the peace treaty to the lord of Farghānah. He ordered that he be brought into the treasuries so that he might see them, then he returned to him. He said: "How did you find the road between us and you?" He said: "Easy, with abundant water and pastures." He disliked that and said: "What is your knowledge?" Sulaymān said: "I have campaigned in Gharshistān, Ghūr, al-Khuttal, and Ṭabaristān; how should I not know?" He said: "How did you find what we have prepared?" He said: "A good preparation. But do you not know that the lord of a fortress is not safe from certain traits: he does not feel secure from the closest of his people and the most trusted in his own estimation lest he leap upon him seeking his rank and drawing near to him by that; or he spends what he has gathered and saves himself with all he has; or a disease afflicts him and he dies." He disliked what he said to him, and ordered that the peace treaty be brought. He agreed to it and sent his mother with him—she was the mistress of his affairs—and she came to Naṣr. He granted her permission, and he spoke with her. Among what she said to him was: "Every king who does not have six things is no king: a vizier to whom he confides what is in his soul, consults him, and trusts his counsel; a cook who, when he does not crave food, prepares for him what he craves; a wife who, when he enters upon her grieving, looks at her face and his grief departs; a fortress to which he comes when afraid and it saves him—meaning the pack-horse; a sword which, when he fights, he does not fear its treachery; and a store of treasure which, if he carries it, he can live on it wherever he is on earth." Then Tamīm b. Naṣr entered with a group. She said: "Who is this?" They said: "This is the youth of Khurāsān, Tamīm b. Naṣr." She said: "He has neither the dignity of the old nor the sweetness of the young." Then al-Ḥajjāj b. Qutaybah entered. She said: "Who is this?" They said: "Al-Ḥajjāj b. Qutaybah." She greeted him and asked about him, and said: "O assembly of Arabs, you have no loyalty, and you do not treat one another rightly. Qutaybah is the one who subdued for you what I see, and this is his son, and you seat him below you. His right is that you seat him in this very seat and take his seat yourself."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.