Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2529
The Year 112
مَقْتَلِ سَوْرَةَ بْنِ الْحُرِّ فَلَمَّا اشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ وَرَأَى الْجُنَيْدُ شِدَّةَ الْأَمْرِ اسْتَشَارَ أَصْحَابَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ: اخْتَرْ إِمَّا أَنْ تَهْلِكَ أَنْتَ أَوْ سَوْرَةُ بْنُ الْحُرِّ. قَالَ: هَلَاكُ سَوْرَةَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيَّ. قَالَ: فَاكْتُبْ ( إِلَيْهِ فَلْيَأْتِكَ فِي أَهْلِ سَمَرْقَنْدَ، فَإِنَّهُ إِذَا بَلَغَ التُّرْكَ إِقْبَالُهُ تَوَجَّهُوا إِلَيْهِ فَقَاتَلُوهُ ). فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْجُنَيْدُ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْقُدُومِ. وَقَالَ حُلَيْسُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ: إِنَّ التُّرْكَ بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الْجُنَيْدِ، فَإِنْ خَرَجْتَ كَرُّوا عَلَيْكَ فَاخْتَطَفُوكَ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْجُنَيْدِ: إِنِّي لَا أَقْدِرُ عَلَى الْخُرُوجِ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ الْجُنَيْدُ: يَابْنَ اللَّخْنَاءِ تَخْرُجُ، وَإِلَّا وَجَّهْتُ إِلَيْكَ شَدَّادَ بْنَ خُلَيْدٍ الْبَاهِلِيَّ، وَكَانَ عَدُوَّهُ، فَاخْرُجِ الْزَمِ الْمَاءَ وَلَا تُفَارِقْهُ، فَأَجْمَعَ عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ وَقَالَ: إِذَا سِرْتُ عَلَى النَّهْرِ لَا أَصِلُ فِي يَوْمَيْنِ وَبَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ فِي هَذَا الْوَجْهِ لَيْلَةٌ، فَإِذَا سَكَتَ الرَّجُلُ سِرْتُ. فَجَاءَتْ عُيُونُ الْأَتْرَاكِ فَأَخْبَرُوهُمْ بِمَقَالَةِ سَوْرَةَ، وَرَحَلَ سَوْرَةُ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ مُوسَى بْنَ أَسْوَدَ الْحَنْظَلِيَّ، وَسَارَ فِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، فَأَصْبَحَ عَلَى رَأْسِ جَبَلٍ، فَتَلَقَّاهُ خَاقَانُ حِينَ أَصْبَحَ، وَقَدْ سَارَ ثَلَاثَةَ فَرَاسِخَ وَبَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجُنَيْدِ فَرْسَخٌ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَاشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ وَصَبَرُوا. فَقَالَ غُوزَكُ لِخَاقَانَ: الْيَوْمَ حَارٌّ فَلَا نُقَاتِلُهُمْ حَتَّى يَحْمَى عَلَيْهِمُ السِّلَاحُ، فَوَافَقَهُمْ وَأَشْعَلَ النَّارَ فِي الْحَشِيشِ وَحَالَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمَاءِ، فَقَالَ سَوْرَةُ لِعُبَادَةَ: مَا تَرَى يَا أَبَا سُلَيْمٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: أَرَى أَنَّ التُّرْكَ يُرِيدُونَ الْغَنِيمَةَ، فَاعْقِرِ الدَّوَابَّ وَأَحْرِقِ الْمَتَاعَ وَجَرِّدِ السَّيْفَ، فَإِنَّهُمْ يُخَلُّونَ لَنَا الطَّرِيقَ، وَإِنْ مَنَعُونَا شَرَعْنَا الرِّمَاحَ وَنَزْحَفُ زَحْفًا، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ فَرْسَخٌ حَتَّى نَصِلَ إِلَى الْعَسْكَرِ. فَقَالَ: لَا أَقْوَى عَلَى هَذَا وَلَا فُلَانٌ وَفُلَانٌ، وَعَدَّ رِجَالًا، وَلَكِنْ أَجْمَعُ الْخَيْلَ فَأَصُكُّهُمْ بِهَا سَلِمْتُ أَمْ عَطِبْتُ.. وَجَمَعَ النَّاسَ وَحَمَلُوا، فَانْكَشَفَ التُّرْكُ وَثَارَ الْغُبَارُ فَلَمْ يُبْصِرُوا، وَمِنْ وَرَاءِ التُّرْكِ لَهِيبٌ فَسَقَطُوا فِيهِ، وَسَقَطَ الْعَدُوُّ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ وَسَقَطَ سَوْرَةُ فَانْدَقَّتْ فَخِذُهُ، وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ، فَقَتَلَهُمُ التُّرْكُ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ مِنْهُمْ غَيْرَ أَلْفَيْنِ، وَيُقَالُ أَلْفٌ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ نَجَا مِنْهُمْ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ السَّمَرْقَنْدِيُّ، وَاسْتُشْهِدَ حُلَيْسُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، وَانْحَازَ الْمُهَلَّبُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْعِجْلِيُّ فِي سَبْعِمِائَةٍ إِلَى رُسْتَاقَ يُسَمَّى الْمَرْغَابُ فَنَزَلُوا قَصْرًا هُنَاكَ، فَأَتَاهُمُ الْأَشْكَنْدُ صَاحِبُ نَسَفَ فِي خَيْلٍ وَمَعَهُ غَوْزَكُ، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ غَوْزَكُ الْأَمَانَ. فَقَالَ قُرَيْشُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَبْدِيُّ: لَا تَثِقُوا بِهِمْ، وَلَكِنْ إِذَا جَنَّنَا اللَّيْلُ خَرَجْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى نَأْتِيَ سَمَرْقَنْدَ. فَعَصَوْهُ فَنَزَلُوا بِالْأَمَانِ، فَسَاقَهُمْ إِلَى خَاقَانَ فَقَالَ: لَا أُجِيزُ أَمَانَ غَوْزَكَ، فَقَاتَلَهُمُ الْوَجْفُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ فَأُصِيبُوا غَيْرَ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا فَقُتِلُوا غَيْرَ ثَلَاثَةٍ. وَقُتِلَ سَوْرَةُ فِي اللَّهَبِ. خروج الجنيد من الشعب نحو سمرقند فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ خَرَجَ الْجُنَيْدُ مِنَ الشِّعْبِ يُرِيدُ سَمَرْقَنْدَ مُبَادِرًا، فَقَالَ لَهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: سِرْ وَأَسْرِعْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمُجَشِّرُ: انْزِلْ وَخُذْ بِلِجَامِ دَابَّتِهِ، فَنَزَلَ وَنَزَلَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَتِمَّ نُزُولُهُمْ حَتَّى طَلَعَ التُّرْكُ، فَقَالَ الْمُجَشِّرُ لَهُ: لَوْ لَاقَوْنَا وَنَحْنُ نَسِيرُ أَلَمْ يُهْلِكُونَا ؟ فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا تَنَاهَضُوا فَجَالَ النَّاسُ، فَقَالَ الْجُنَيْدُ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهَا النَّارُ، فَرَجَعُوا، وَنَادَى الْجُنَيْدُ: أَيُّ عَبْدٍ قَاتَلَ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ. فَقَاتَلَ الْعَبِيدُ قِتَالًا عَجِبَ مِنْهُ النَّاسُ، فَسُرُّوا بِمَا رَأَوْا مِنْ صَبْرِهِمْ، وَصَبَرَ النَّاسُ حَتَّى انْهَزَمَ الْعَدُوُّ وَمَضَوْا، فَقَالَ مُوسَى ابْنُ التَّعْرَاءِ [ لِلنَّاسِ ]: تَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا رَأَيْتُمْ مِنَ الْعَبِيدِ ! إِنَّ لَكُمْ مِنْهُمْ لَيَوْمًا أَرُوزْبَانَ. وَمَضَى الْجُنَيْدُ إِلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ فَحَمَلَ عِيَالَ مَنْ كَانَ مَعَ سَوْرَةَ إِلَى مَرْوَ، وَأَقَامَ بِالصُّغْدِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ. وَكَانَ صَاحِبُ رَأْيِ خُرَاسَانَ فِي الْحَرْبِ الْمُجَشِّرُ بْنُ مُزَاحِمٍ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ صُبْحٍ الْخَرَقِيُّ وَعُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْهَجَرِيُّ، وَكَانَ الْمُجَشِّرُ يُنْزِلُ النَّاسَ عَلَى رَايَاتِهِمْ وَيَضَعُ الْمَسَالِحَ، لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ مِثْلُ رَأْيِهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ إِذَا نَزَلَ الْأَمْرُ الْعَظِيمُ فِي الْحَرْبِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِأَحَدٍ مِثْلُ رَأْيِهِ، وَكَانَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ عَلَى تَعْبِيَةِ الْقِتَالِ. وَكَانَ رِجَالٌ مِنَ الْمَوَالِي مِثْلَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي الرَّأْيِ وَالْمَشُورَةِ وَالْعِلْمِ بِالْحَرْبِ، فَمِنْهُمْ: الْفَضْلُ بْنُ بَسَّامٍ، مَوْلَى لَيْثٍ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، مَوْلَى سُلَيْمٍ، وَالْبَخْتَرِيُّ بْنُ مُجَاهِدٍ، مَوْلَى شَيْبَانَ. فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ التُّرْكُ بَعَثَ الْجُنَيْدُ نَهَارَ بْنَ تَوْسِعَةَ، أَحَدَ بَنِي تَيْمِ اللَّاتِ، وَزِبْلَ بْنَ سُوَيْدٍ الْمُرِّيَّ إِلَى هِشَامٍ، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنَّ سَوْرَةَ عَصَانِي، أَمَرْتُهُ بِلُزُومِ الْمَاءِ فَلَمْ يَفْعَلْ، فَتَفَرَّقَ عَنْهُ أَصْحَابُهُ، فَأَتَتْنِي طَائِفَةٌ [ إِلَى كَشٍّ ]، وَطَائِفَةٌ إِلَى نَسَفَ، وَطَائِفَةٌ إِلَى سَمَرْقَنْدَ، وَأُصِيبَ سَوْرَةُ فِي بَقِيَّةِ أَصْحَابِهِ. فَسَأَلَ هِشَامٌ نَهَارَ بْنَ تَوْسِعَةَ عَنِ الْخَبَرِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا شَهِدَ، فَكَتَبَ هِشَامٌ إِلَى الْجُنَيْدِ: قَدْ وَجَّهْتُ إِلَيْكَ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَعَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَمِنَ السِّلَاحِ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ رُمْحٍ، وَمِثْلُهَا تِرَسَةٌ، فَافْرِضْ فَلَا غَايَةَ لَكَ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ لِخَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ هِشَامٌ مُصَابَ سَوْرَةَ ( قَالَ: إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، مُصَابُ سَوْرَةَ ) بِخُرَاسَانَ وَمُصَابُ الْجَرَّاحِ بِالْبَابِ. وَأَبْلَى نَصْرُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَلَاءً حَسَنًا. وَأَرْسَلَ الْجُنَيْدُ لَيْلَةً بِالشِّعْبِ رَجُلًا وَقَالَ [ لَهُ ]: تَسْمَعُ مَا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ وَكَيْفَ حَالُهُمْ. فَفَعَلَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: رَأَيْتُهُمْ طَيِّبَةً أَنْفُسُهُمْ، يَتَنَاشَدُونَ الْأَشْعَارَ وَيَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ. فَسَرَّهُ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ عُبَيْدُ بْنُ حَاتِمِ بْنِ النُّعْمَانِ: رَأَيْتُ فَسَاطِيطَ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَقُلْتُ: لِمَنْ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالُوا: لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بِسْطَامٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، فَقُتِلُوا فِي غَدٍ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: مَرَرْتُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْضِعِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِحِينٍ، فَشَمَمْتُ رَائِحَةَ الْمِسْكِ. وَأَقَامَ الْجُنَيْدُ بِسَمَرْقَنْدَ، وَتَوَجَّهُ الْخَاقَانُ إِلَى بُخَارَى وَعَلَيْهَا قَطَنُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، فَخَافَ الْجُنَيْدُ التُّرْكَ عَلَى قَطَنِ بْنِ قُتَيْبَةَ، فَشَاوَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: نَلْزَمُ سَمَرْقَنْدَ. وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: نَسِيرُ مِنْهَا فَنَأْتِي رَبِنْجَنَ، ثُمَّ كَشَّ، ثُمَّ إِلَى نَسَفَ، فَنَتَّصِلُ مِنْهَا إِلَى أَرْضِ زُمَّ، وَنَقْطَعُ النَّهْرَ وَنَنْزِلُ آمُلَ فَنَأْخُذُ عَلَيْهِ بِالطَّرِيقِ. فَاسْتَشَارَ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْلَى بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ، وَأَخْبَرَهُ بِمَا قَالُوا، فَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يُخَالِفَهُ فِيمَا يُشِيرُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ ارْتِحَالٍ وَنُزُولٍ وَقِتَالٍ، قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أَطْلُبُ إِلَيْكَ خِصَالًا. قَالَ: وَمَا هِيَ ؟ قَالَ: تَخَنْدَقْ حَيْثُمَا نَزَلْتَ، فَلَا يَفُوتَنَّكَ حَمْلُ الْمَاءِ، وَلَوْ كُنْتَ عَلَى شَاطِئِ نَهْرٍ، وَأَنْ تُطِيعَنِي فِي نُزُولِكَ وَارْتِحَالِكَ. قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: أَمَّا مَا أَشَارُوا عَلَيْكَ فِي مُقَامِكَ بِسَمَرْقَنْدَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَكَ الْغِيَاثُ، فَالْغِيَاثُ يُبْطِئُ عَنْكَ، وَأَمَّا مَا أَشَارُوا مِنْ طَرِيقِ كَشٍّ وَنَسَفَ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ سِرْتَ بِالنَّاسِ فِي غَيْرِ الطَّرِيقِ، فَتَتَّ فِي أَعْضَادِهِمْ، وَانْكَسَرُوا عَنْ عَدُوِّهِمْ، وَاجْتَرَأَ عَلَيْكَ خَاقَانُ، وَهُوَ الْيَوْمَ قَدِ اسْتَفْتَحَ بُخَارَى فَلَمْ يَفْتَحُوا لَهُ، فَإِنْ أَخَذْتَ غَيْرَ الطَّرِيقِ بَلَغَ أَهْلُ بُخَارَى مَا فَعَلْتَ فَيَسْتَسْلِمُوا لِعَدُوِّهِمْ، وَإِنْ أَخَذْتَ الطَّرِيقَ الْأَعْظَمَ هَابَكَ الْعَدُوُّ، وَالرَّأْيُ عِنْدِي أَنْ تَأْخُذَ عِيَالَ مَنْ قُتِلَ مَعَ سَوْرَةَ فَتُقَسِّمَهُمْ عَلَى عَشَائِرِهِمْ وَتَحْمِلَهُمْ مَعَكَ، فَإِنِّي أَرْجُو بِذَلِكَ أَنْ يَنْصُرَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَى عَدُوِّكَ، وَتُعْطِيَ كُلَّ رَجُلٍ تَخَلَّفَ بِسَمَرْقَنْدَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَفَرَسًا. فَأَخَذَ بِرَأْيِهِ وَخَلَّفَ بِسَمَرْقَنْدَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ فِي أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ وَأَرْبَعِمِائَةِ رَاجِلٍ. فَشَتَمَ النَّاسُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ وَقَالُوا: مَا أَرَادَ إِلَّا هَلَاكَنَا. فَخَرَجَ الْجُنَيْدُ وَحَمَلَ الْعِيَالَ مَعَهُ، وَسَرَّحَ الْأَشْحَبَ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ الْحَنْظَلِيَّ وَمَعَهُ عَشَرَةٌ مِنَ الطَّلَائِعِ وَقَالَ: كُلَّمَا مَضَتْ مَرْحَلَةٌ تُسَرِّحُ إِلَيَّ رَجُلًا يُعْلِمُنِي الْخَبَرَ. وَسَارَ الْجُنَيْدُ فَأَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَطَاءٌ الدَّبُّوسِيُّ: انْظُرْ أَضْعَفَ شَيْخٍ فِي الْعَسْكَرِ فَسَلِّحْهُ سِلَاحًا تَامًّا بِسَيْفِهِ وَرُمْحِهِ وَتُرْسِهِ وَجَعْبَتِهِ، ثُمَّ سِرْ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَشْيِهِ، فَإِنَّا لَا نَقْدِرُ عَلَى سُرْعَةِ الْمَسِيرِ وَالْقِتَالِ وَنَحْنُ رَجَّالَةٌ. فَفَعَلَ الْجُنَيْدُ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يَعْرِضْ لِلنَّاسِ عَارِضٌ حَتَّى خَرَجُوا مِنَ الْأَمَاكِنِ الْمُخَوِّفَةِ، وَدَنَا مِنَ الطَّوَاوِيسِ، وَأَقْبَلَ إِلَيْهِ خَاقَانُ بِكَرْمِينِيَةَ أَوَّلَ يَوْمٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ وَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَأَتَاهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ وَهُوَ يَضْحَكُ، فَقَالَ الْجُنَيْدُ: لَيْسَ هَذَا يَوْمَ ضَحِكٍ. قَالَ: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَلْقَكَ هَؤُلَاءِ فِي جِبَالٍ مُعَطَّشَةٍ وَعَلَى ظُهْرٍ، إِنَّمَا أَتَوْكَ وَأَنْتَ مُخَنْدِقٌ آخِرَ النَّهَارِ كَالِّينِ وَأَنْتَ مَعَكَ الزَّادُ، فَقَاتَلُوا قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا. ثُمَّ قَالَ لِلْجُنَيْدِ: ارْتَحِلْ فَإِنَّ خَاقَانَ وَدَّ أَنَّكَ تُقِيمُ فَيَنْطَوِي عَلَيْكَ إِذَا شَاءَ. فَسَارَ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ عَلَى السَّاقَةِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُ بِالنُّزُولِ فَنَزَلَ، وَاسْتَقَى النَّاسُ وَبَاتُوا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحُوا ارْتَحَلُوا، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ: إِنِّي أَتَوَقَّعُ أَنَّ خَاقَانَ يَصْدِمُ السَّاقَةَ الْيَوْمَ فَشَدُّوهَا بِالرِّجَالِ، فَقَوَّاهُمُ الْجُنَيْدُ، وَجَاءَتِ التُّرْكُ فَمَالَتْ عَلَى السَّاقَةِ فَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَاشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ وَقَتَلَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ أَحْوَزَ عَظِيمًا مِنْ عُظَمَاءَ التُّرْكِ، فَتَطَيَّرُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ وَانْصَرَفُوا مِنَ الطَّوَاوِيسِ. وَسَارَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَدَخَلُوا بُخَارَى يَوْمَ الْمِهْرَجَانِ، فَتَلَقَّوْهُمْ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ الْبُخَارِيَّةِ، فَأَعْطَاهُمْ عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً. قَالَ عَبْدُ الْمُؤْمِنِ بْنُ خَالِدٍ: رَأَيْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِي الْمَنَامِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ، فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَ النَّاسُ عَنِّي بِرَأْيِي يَوْمَ الشِّعْبِ. وَكَانَ الْجُنَيْدُ يَذْكُرُ خَالِدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَيَقُولُ: زُبْدَةٌ مِنَ الزُّبْدِ، صُنْبُورٌ مِنْ صُنْبُورٍ، قُلٌّ مَنْ قُلٍّ، هَيْفَةٌ مِنَ الْهِيفِ. وَالْهَيْفَةُ: الضَّبُعُ، وَالْقُلُّ: الْفَرْدُ، وَالصُّنْبُورُ: الَّذِي لَا أَخَ لَهُ، ( وَقِيلَ الْمُلْصَقُ ). وَقَدِمَتِ الْجُنُودُ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ عَلَى الْجُنَيْدِ، فَسَرَّحَ مَعَهُمْ حَوْثَرَةَ بْنَ زَيْدٍ الْعَنْبَرِيَّ فِيمَنِ انْتَدَبَ مَعَهُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ وَقْعَةَ الشِّعْبِ كَانَتْ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ شعر نصر بن سيار في يوم الشعب وَقَالَ نَصْرُ بْنُ سَيَّارٍ يَذْكُرُ يَوْمَ الشِّعْبِ: إِنِّي نَشَأْتُ وَحُسَّادِي ذَوُو عَدَدٍ يَا ذَا الْمَعَارِجِ لَا تُنْقِصْ لَهُمْ عَدَدًا إِنْ تَحْسُدُونِي عَلَى مِثْلِ الْبَلَاءِ لَكُمْ يَوْمًا فَمِثْلُ بَلَائِي جَرَّ لِي الْحَسَدَا يَأْبَى الْإِلَهُ الَّذِي أَعْلَى بِقُدْرَتِهِ كَعْبِي عَلَيْكُمْ وَأَعْطَى فَوْقَكُمْ عَدَدًا أَرْمِي الْعُدَاةَ بِأَفْرَاسٍ مُكَلَّمَةٍ حَتَّى اتَّخَذْنَ عَلَى حُسَّادِهِنَّ يَدَا مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي مِنْكُمْ فِي الشِّعْبِ إِذْ وَرَدُوا لَمْ يَتَّخِذْ حَوْمَةَ الْأَثْقَالِ مُعْتَمَدًا هَلَّا شَهِدْتُمْ دِفَاعِي عَنْ جُنَيْدِكُمُ وَقْعَ الْقَنَا وَشِهَابُ الْحَرْبِ قَدْ وُقِدَا وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُرْسٍ يَمْدَحُ نَصْرًا: يَا نَصْرُ أَنْتَ فَتَى نِزَارٍ كُلِّهَا فَلَكَ الْمَآثِرُ وَالْفَعَالُ الْأَرْفَعُ فَرَّجْتَ عَنْ كُلِّ الْقَبَائِلِ كُرْبَةً بِالشِّعْبِ حِينَ تَخَاضَعُوا وَتَضَعْضَعُوا يَوْمَ الْجُنَيْدِ إِذِ الْقَنَا مُتَشَاجِرٌ وَالنَّحْرُ دَامٍ وَالْخَوَافِقُ تَلْمَعُ مَا زِلْتَ تَرْمِيهِمْ بِنَفْسٍ حُرَّةٍ حَتَّى تَفَرَّجَ جَمْعُهُمْ وَتَصَدَّعُوا فَالنَّاسُ كُلٌّ بَعْدَهَا عُتَقَاؤُكُمْ وَلَكَ الْمَكَارِمُ وَالْمَعَالِي أَجْمَعُ
Translation
✧ The killing of Sawrah b. al-Ḥurr When the fighting intensified and al-Junayd saw the severity of the situation, he consulted his companions. ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ḥabīb said to him: Choose either that you perish or that Sawrah b. al-Ḥurr perishes. He said: Sawrah's destruction is easier for me. He said: Then write to him that he should come to you with the people of Samarqand, for when the Turks learn of his approach they will turn toward him and fight him. So al-Junayd wrote to him ordering him to advance. But Ḥulays b. Ghālib al-Shaybānī said: The Turks are between you and al-Junayd, and if you set out they will fall upon you and snatch you away. So he wrote to al-Junayd: I am unable to set out. Al-Junayd wrote back to him: O son of an uncircumcised woman, set out, or else I will send Shaddād b. Khulayd al-Bāhilī against you—and he was his enemy—so set out and keep to the water and do not leave it. So he resolved to march and said: If I travel along the river I will not arrive in two days, but between me and him on this route is one night; when the man falls silent, I will march. The Turks' scouts came and informed them of Sawrah's words. Sawrah departed, leaving Mūsā b. Aswad al-Ḥanẓalī as his deputy over Samarqand, and he marched with twelve thousand men. At daybreak he was on a mountain top, and the Khāqān met him at dawn, having marched three farsakhs while between him and al-Junayd was one farsakh, and he fought them. The fighting intensified and they held firm. Ghūzak said to the Khāqān: Today is hot, so let us not fight them until their weapons become hot against them. He agreed with them and set fire to the grass, coming between them and the water. Sawrah said to ʿUbādah: What do you think, O Abū Sulaym? He said: I think the Turks want booty; hamstring the mounts, burn the baggage, and draw the sword, for they will leave us the way. If they block us, we will couch the lances and advance steadily; it is only one farsakh until we reach the camp. He said: I am not able to do this, nor is so-and-so or so-and-so—and he enumerated some men—but rather I will gather the cavalry and strike them with it, whether I survive or perish. He gathered the people and they charged. The Turks broke, and the dust rose so they could not see; behind the Turks there was flame, so they fell into it. The enemy and the Muslims fell, and Sawrah fell and his thigh was broken. The people scattered, and the Turks killed them; only two thousand—some say one thousand—escaped. Among those who escaped was ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmayr al-Samarqandī. Ḥulays b. Ghālib al-Shaybānī was martyred. Al-Muhallab b. Ziyād al-ʿIjlī withdrew with seven hundred to a rural district called al-Marghāb, where they entered a fortress. Al-Ashkand, the lord of Nasaf, came to them with cavalry, and with him was Ghūzak, and Ghūzak granted them safe-conduct. Quraysh b. ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAbdī said: Do not trust them, but when night falls we will go out against them until we reach Samarqand. They disobeyed him and surrendered under the safe-conduct. He drove them to the Khāqān, who said: I will not honor Ghūzak's safe-conduct. Al-Wajf b. Khālid and the Muslims fought them, and they were struck down except for seventeen men, who were killed except for three. Sawrah was killed in the flames. Al-Junayd's departure from the mountain pass toward Samarqand When he was killed, al-Junayd emerged from the pass heading for Samarqand in haste. Khālid b. ʿUbayd Allāh said to him: March and hurry. Al-Mujashshir said to him: Dismount—and he took his mount's bridle. So he dismounted and the people dismounted with him. They had hardly finished dismounting when the Turks appeared. Al-Mujashshir said to him: If they had met us while we were marching, would they not have destroyed us? When morning came, they attacked one another and the people wavered. Al-Junayd said: O people, this is the fire—so they returned. Al-Junayd called out: Any slave who fights is free. The slaves fought in a manner that amazed the people, and they rejoiced at the steadfastness they saw from them. The people held firm until the enemy was routed and they departed. Mūsā b. al-Taʿrāʾ said to the people: You rejoice at what you have seen from the slaves! You will have a day from them like Arūzbān. Al-Junayd proceeded to Samarqand and conveyed the families of those who had been with Sawrah to Marw, and he remained in Sughd for four months. The men of sound judgment for Khurāsān in war were al-Mujashshir b. Muzāḥim, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ṣubḥ al-Kharaqī, and ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ḥabīb al-Hajarī. Al-Mujashshir would station the people under their banners and post the advance guards; no one had judgment like his in that. When a great matter arose in war, no one had judgment like ʿAbd al-Raḥmān's. ʿUbayd Allāh was in charge of arranging the battle order. There were men among the clients with judgment, counsel, and knowledge of war like these, among them: al-Faḍl b. Bassām, a client of Layth; ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī ʿAbd Allāh, a client of Sulaym; and al-Bakhtarī b. Mujāhid, a client of Shaybān. When the Turks withdrew, al-Junayd sent Nahār b. Tawsiʿah, one of the Banū Taym al-Lāt, and Zibl b. Suwayd al-Murrī to Hishām, and wrote to him: Sawrah disobeyed me; I ordered him to keep to the water, but he did not, so his companions scattered from him. One party came to me at Kashsh, one party to Nasaf, and one party to Samarqand; Sawrah was killed among the rest of his companions. Hishām questioned Nahār b. Tawsiʿah about the news, and he reported what he had witnessed. Hishām wrote to al-Junayd: I have sent to you ten thousand from the people of Baṣrah and ten thousand from the people of Kūfah, and of weapons thirty thousand spears and the like number of shields. Enroll without limit for fifteen thousand. When Hishām heard of Sawrah's calamity, he said: Indeed we belong to God, and indeed to Him we return. The calamity of Sawrah in Khurāsān and the calamity of al-Jarrāḥ at the Gate. Naṣr b. Sayyār distinguished himself that day with excellent valor. One night in the pass al-Junayd sent a man, saying to him: Listen to what the people say and how they are. He did so and returned to him, saying: I found them in good spirits, reciting poetry and reading the Qurʾān. That pleased him. ʿUbayd b. Ḥātim b. al-Nuʿmān said: I saw tents between heaven and earth and said: Whose are these? They said: They belong to ʿAbd Allāh b. Bisṭām and his companions. They were killed the next day. A man said: I passed by that place some time later and smelled the fragrance of musk. Al-Junayd remained at Samarqand, and the Khāqān headed for Bukhārā, where Qaṭan b. Qutaybah b. Muslim was in command. Al-Junayd feared the Turks for Qaṭan b. Qutaybah, so he consulted his companions. One group said: We stay at Samarqand. Another group said: We march from there and come to Rabinjan, then Kashsh, then to Nasaf, and from there we reach the land of Zamm, cross the river, and halt at Āmul, cutting off his route. He consulted ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī ʿAbd Allāh, client of the Banū Sulaym, and told him what they had said. He stipulated that he would not oppose him in whatever he advised concerning marching, halting, and fighting. He said: Agreed. He said: I ask of you certain conditions. He said: What are they? He said: Dig a trench wherever you halt, so that you do not miss carrying water, even if you are on a riverbank, and obey me in your halting and marching. He said: Agreed. He said: As for what they advised you, to remain at Samarqand until relief comes to you—relief will be slow in reaching you. As for what they advised about the route through Kashsh and Nasaf, if you march with the people off the main road, you will break their determination, and they will be humbled before their enemy, and the Khāqān will grow bold against you. Today he has begun the siege of Bukhārā but they have not opened it to him. If you take a different road, the people of Bukhārā will learn what you did and surrender to their enemy. But if you take the main road, the enemy will fear you. My counsel is that you take the families of those killed with Sawrah, distribute them among their clans, and carry them with you, for thereby I hope God will grant you victory over your enemy. And give every man who stays behind at Samarqand a thousand dirhams and a horse. He followed his counsel and left ʿUthmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Shikhkhīr in Samarqand with four hundred cavalry and four hundred infantry. The people reviled ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī ʿUbayd Allāh and said: He only wants our destruction. Al-Junayd departed carrying the families with him, and he sent ahead al-Ashḥab b. ʿUbayd al-Ḥanẓalī with ten scouts, saying: Whenever a stage is completed, send me a man to inform me of the news. Al-Junayd marched and hastened, so ʿAṭāʾ al-Dabbūsī said to him: Look at the weakest old man in the army and arm him with full equipment—his sword, spear, shield, and quiver—then march at his pace, for we cannot manage speed of march and fighting while we are on foot. Al-Junayd did that, and no one opposed the people until they left the dangerous places and approached al-Ṭawāwīs. The Khāqān came against him at Karmīniyah on the first day of Ramaḍān, and they fought. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī ʿAbd Allāh came to him laughing, and al-Junayd said: This is not a day for laughter. He said: Praise be to God who did not meet these in waterless mountains and on the open road; they came upon you while you are entrenched at the end of the day, weary, and you have provisions with you. They fought a little and then withdrew. Then he said to al-Junayd: March, for the Khāqān wishes you to stay so that he may close upon you whenever he wills. He marched, with ʿAbd Allāh in the rear guard. Then he ordered him to halt, and he halted. The people drew water and spent the night. When morning came, they marched. ʿAbd Allāh said: I expect the Khāqān will strike the rear guard today, so strengthen it with infantry. Al-Junayd reinforced them, and the Turks came and assailed the rear guard, and they fought. The fighting intensified between them, and Muslim b. Aḥwaz killed a great man among the Turkish nobles. They took that as a bad omen and turned away from al-Ṭawāwīs. The Muslims marched and entered Bukhārā on the day of the Mihrajān festival, and they met them with Bukhāran dirhams, giving each ten. ʿAbd al-Muʾmin b. Khālid said: I saw ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī ʿAbd Allāh in a dream after his death, and he said: Tell the people about my judgment on the day of the pass. Al-Junayd used to mention Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh and say: A lump of butter among lumps, a solitary one among solitary ones, an odd one among odd ones, a hyena among hyenas. Al-hayfah is the hyena, al-qull is the single one, and al-ṣunbūr is the one who has no brother (and it is said: the one whose lineage is attached). The troops from Kūfah arrived to al-Junayd, and he sent with them Ḥawtharah b. Zayd al-ʿAnbarī among those who volunteered with him. It is said that the battle of the pass took place in the year one hundred and thirteen. Poetry of Naṣr b. Sayyār about the Day of the Pass Naṣr b. Sayyār said, recalling the Day of the Pass: Indeed I grew up while my enviers are numerous, O You of the ascending ways, do not diminish their number; If you envy me one day for the like of my tribulation, then tribulation like mine has brought me envy. The God who by His power raised my rank above you refuses, and gave me number above you; I shoot the enemies with wounded steeds until they gained a hand over their enviers. Who among you was in the pass when they arrived, and did not take the heart of the baggage as a support? Would that you had witnessed my defense of your Junayd, when lances struck and the flame of war was kindled. Ibn ʿUrs said, praising Naṣr: O Naṣr, you are the hero of all Nizār, so yours are the memorable deeds and the loftiest actions; You relieved every tribe of its distress at the pass, when they humbled themselves and were brought low; On the day of al-Junayd, when the lances were intertwined, and necks flowed with blood, and the banners flashed; You kept casting them with a noble self, until their host broke apart and scattered. All people after that are your freedmen, and yours are the noble qualities and all the heights of glory.
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