Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2527
The Year 112
قَتْلِ الْجَرَّاحِ الْحَكَمِيِّ وفِي سَنَةُ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَةٍ قُتِلَ الْجَرَّاحُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَكَمِيُّ. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ قَبْلُ مِنْ دُخُولِهِ بِلَادَ الْخَزَرِ وَانْهِزَامِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا هَزَمَهُمُ اجْتَمَعَ الْخَزَرُ وَالتُّرْكُ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ اللَّانِ، فَلَقِيَهُمُ الْجَرَّاحُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فِيمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ رَآهُ النَّاسُ، فَصَبَرَ الْفَرِيقَانِ، وَتَكَاثَرَتِ الْخَزَرُ وَالتُّرْكُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَاسْتُشْهِدَ الْجَرَّاحُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَعَهُ بِمَرْجِ أَرْدَبِيلَ، وَكَانَ قَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَ أَخَاهُ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَلَى إِرْمِينِيَّةَ. وَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الْجَرَّاحُ طَمِعَ الْخَزَرُ وَأَوْغَلُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ حَتَّى قَارَبُوا الْمَوْصِلَ، وَعَظُمَ الْخَطْبُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ. وَكَانَ الْجَرَّاحُ خَيِّرًا فَاضِلًا مِنْ عُمَّالِ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَرَثَاهُ كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الشُّعَرَاءِ. وَقِيلَ: كَانَ قَتْلُهُ بِبَلَنْجَرَ. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ هِشَامًا خَبَرُهُ دَعَا سَعِيدًا الْحَرَشِيَّ فَقَالَ لَهُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْجَرَّاحَ قَدِ انْحَازَ عَنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ. قَالَ: كَلَّا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، الْجَرَّاحُ أَعْرَفُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ أَنْ يَنْهَزِمَ، وَلَكِنَّهُ قُتِلَ. قَالَ: فَمَا رَأْيُكَ ؟ قَالَ: تَبْعَثُنِي عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ دَابَّةً مِنْ دَوَابِّ الْبَرِيدِ، ثُمَّ تَبْعَثُ إِلَيَّ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ أَرْبَعِينَ رَجُلًا، ثُمَّ اكْتُبْ إِلَى أُمَرَاءِ الْأَجْنَادِ يُوَافُونِي. فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ هِشَامٌ، وَسَارَ الْحَرَشِيُّ، فَكَّانِ لَا يَمُرُّ بِمَدِينَةٍ إِلَّا وَيَسْتَنْهِضُ أَهْلَهَا فَيُجِيبُهُ مَنْ يُرِيدُ الْجِهَادَ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ كَذَلِكَ حَتَّى وَصَلَ إِلَى مَدِينَةِ أَرْزَنَ، فَلَقِيَهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَرَّاحِ، وَبَكَوْا وَبَكَى لِبُكَائِهِمْ وَفَرَّقَ فِيهِمْ نَفَقَةً وَرَدَّهُمْ مَعَهُ، وَجَعَلَ لَا يَلْقَاهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَرَّاحِ إِلَّا رَدَّهُ مَعَهُ، وَوَصَلَ إِلَى خِلَاطٍ، وَهِيَ مُمْتَنِعَةٌ عَلَيْهِ، فَحَصَرَهَا أَيْضًا وَفَتَحَهَا وَقَسَّمَ غَنَائِمَهَا فِي أَصْحَابِهِ. ثُمَّ سَارَ عَنْ خِلَاطٍ وَفَتَحَ الْحُصُونَ وَالْقِلَاعَ شَيْئًا بَعْدَ شَيْءٍ إِلَى أَنْ وَصَلَ إِلَى بَرْذَعَةَ فَنَزَلَهَا. وَكَانَ ابْنُ خَاقَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِأَذْرَبِيجَانَ يُغِيرُ وَيَنْهَبُ وَيَسْبِي وَيَقْتُلُ، وَهُوَ مُحَاصِرٌ مَدِينَةَ وَرْثَانَ، فَخَافَ الْحَرَشِيُّ أَنْ يَمْلِكَهَا، فَأَرْسَلَ بَعْضَ أَصْحَابِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِ وَرْثَانَ سِرًّا يُعَرِّفُهُمْ وُصُولَهُمْ وَيَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالصَّبْرِ، فَسَارَ الْقَاصِدُ، وَلَقِيَهُ بَعْضُ الْخَزَرِ فَأَخَذُوهُ وَسَأَلُوهُ عَنْ حَالِهِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ وَصَدَقَهُمْ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: إِنْ فَعَلْتَ مَا نَأْمُرُكَ بِهِ أَحْسَنَّا إِلَيْكَ وَأَطْلَقْنَاكَ وَإِلَّا قَتَلْنَاكَ. قَالَ: فَمَا الَّذِي تُرِيدُونَ ؟ قَالُوا: تَقُولُ لَأَهْلِ وَرْثَانَ إِنَّكُمْ لَيْسَ لَكُمْ مَدَدٌ وَلَا مَنْ يَكْشِفُ مَا بِكُمْ، وَتَأْمُرُهُمْ بِتَسْلِيمِ الْبَلَدِ إِلَيْنَا. فَأَجَابَهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. فَلَمَّا قَارَبَ الْمَدِينَةَ وَقَفَ بِحَيْثُ يَسْمَعُ أَهْلُهَا كَلَامَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: أَتَعْرِفُونِي ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ أَنْتَ فُلَانٌ. قَالَ: فَإِنَّ الْحَرَشِيُّ قَدْ وَصَلَ إِلَى مَكَانِ كَذَا فِي عَسَاكِرَ كَثِيرَةٍ، وَهُوَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ بِحِفْظِ الْبَلَدِ وَالصَّبْرِ، فَفِي هَذَيْنِ الْيَوْمَيْنِ يَصِلُ إِلَيْكُمْ. فَرَفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَهُمْ بِالتَّكْبِيرِ وَالتَّهْلِيلِ. وَقَتَلَتِ الْخَزَرُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلَ وَرَحَلُوا عَنْ مَدِينَةِ وَرْثَانَ، فَوَصَلَهَا الْحَرَشِيُّ فِي الْعَسَاكِرِ وَلَيْسَ عِنْدَهَا أَحَدٌ. فَارْتَحَلَ يَطْلُبُ الْخَزَرَ إِلَى أَرْدَبِيلَ، فَسَارَ الْخَزَرُ عَنْهَا وَنَزَلَ الْحَرَشِيُّ بَاجَرْوَانَ، فَأَتَاهُ فَارِسٌ عَلَى فَرَسٍ أَبْيَضَ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ وَقَالَ لَهُ: هَلْ لَكَ أَيُّهَا الْأَمِيرُ فِي الْجِهَادِ وَالْغَنِيمَةِ ؟ قَالَ: كَيْفَ لِي بِذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا عَسْكَرُ الْخَزَرِ فِي عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ، وَمَعَهُمْ خَمْسَةُ آلَافٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أُسَارَى أَوْ سَبَايَا، وَقَدْ نَزَلُوا عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ فَرَاسِخَ. فَسَارَ الْحَرَشِيُّ لَيْلًا فَوَافَاهُمْ آخِرَ اللَّيْلِ وَهُمْ نِيَامٌ، فَفَرَّقَ أَصْحَابَهُ فِي أَرْبَعِ جِهَاتٍ فَكَبَسَهُمْ مَعَ الْفَجْرِ، وَوَضَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِيهِمُ السَّيْفَ، فَمَا بَزَغَتِ الشَّمْسُ حَتَّى قُتِلُوا أَجْمَعِينَ غَيْرَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَأَطْلَقَ الْحَرَشِيُّ مَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَخَذَهُمْ إِلَى بَاجَرْوَانَ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَهَا أَتَاهُ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ صَاحِبُ الْفَرَسِ الْأَبْيَضِ فَسَلَّمَ وَقَالَ: هَذَا جَيْشٌ لِلْخَزَرِ وَمَعَهُمْ أَمْوَالٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَحُرَمُ الْجَرَّاحِ وَأَوْلَادُهُ بِمَكَانِ كَذَا. فَسَارَ الْحَرَشِيُّ إِلَيْهِمْ، فَمَا شَعَرُوا إِلَّا وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ مَعَهُمْ، فَوَضَعُوا فِيهِمُ السَّيْفَ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ كَيْفَ شَاءُوا، وَلَمْ يُفْلِتْ مِنَ الْخَزَرِ إِلَّا الشَّرِيدُ، وَاسْتَنْقَذُوا مَنْ مَعَهُمْ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَغَنِمُوا أَمْوَالَهُمْ، وَأَخَذَ أَوْلَادَ الْجَرَّاحِ فَأَكْرَمَهُمْ وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَحَمَلَ الْجَمِيعَ إِلَى بَاجَرْوَانَ. وَبَلَغَ خَبَرُ مَا فَعَلَهُ الْحَرَشِيُّ بِعَسَاكِرِ الْخَزَرِ ابْنَ مَلِكِهِمْ، فَوَبَّخَ عَسَاكِرَهُ وَذَمَّهُمْ وَنَسَبَهُمْ إِلَى الْعَجْزِ وَالْوَهَنِ، فَحَرَّضَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا، وَأَشَارُوا عَلَيْهِ بِجَمْعِ أَصْحَابِهِ وَالْعَوْدِ إِلَى قِتَالِ الْحَرَشِيِّ. فَجَمَعَ أَصْحَابَهُ مِنْ نَوَاحِي أَذْرَبِيجَانَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ عَسَاكِرُ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَسَارَ الْحَرَشِيُّ إِلَيْهِ فَالْتَقَيَا بِأَرْضِ بَرْزَنْدَ، وَاقْتَتَلَ النَّاسُ أَشَدَّ قِتَالٍ وَأَعْظَمَهُ، فَانْحَازَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يَسِيرًا، فَحَرَّضَهُمُ الْحَرَشِيُّ وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالصَّبْرِ فَعَادُوا إِلَى الْقِتَالِ وَصَدَقُوهُمُ الْحَمْلَةَ، وَاسْتَغَاثَ مَنْ مَعَ الْخَزَرِ مِنَ الْأُسَارَى وَنَادَوْا بِالتَّكْبِيرِ وَالتَّهْلِيلِ وَالدُّعَاءِ، فَعِنْدَهَا حَرَّضَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بَعْضَهُمْ بَعْضًا وَلَمْ يَبْقَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَبَكَى رَحْمَةً لِلْأَسْرَى، وَاشْتَدَّتْ نِكَايَتُهُمْ فِي الْعَدُوِّ، فَوَلَّوُا الْأَدْبَارَ مُنْهَزِمِينَ، وَتَبِعَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ حَتَّى بَلَغُوا بِهِمْ نَهْرَ أُرْسٍ، وَعَادُوا عَنْهُمْ وَحَوَوْا مَا فِي عَسَاكِرِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْغَنَائِمِ، وَأَطْلَقُوا الْأَسْرَى وَالسَّبَايَا وَحَمَلُوا الْجَمِيعَ إِلَى بَاجَرْوَانَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ ابْنَ مَلِكِ الْخَزَرِ جَمَعَ مَنْ لَحِقَ بِهِ مِنْ عَسَاكِرِهِ وَعَادَ بِهِمْ نَحْوَ الْحَرَشِيِّ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى نَهْرِ الْبَيْلَقَانِ، وَبَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى الْحَرَشِيِّ فَسَارَ نَحْوَهُ فِي عَسَاكِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَوَافَاهُمْ وَهُمْ عَلَى نَهْرِ الْبَيْلَقَانِ، فَالْتَقَوْا هُنَاكَ، فَصَاحَ الْحَرَشِيُّ بِالنَّاسِ، فَحَمَلُوا حَمْلَةً صَادِقَةً ضَعْضَعُوا صُفُوفَ الْخَزَرِ، وَتَابَعَ الْحَمَلَاتِ وَصَبَرَ الْخَزَرُ صَبْرًا عَظِيمًا، ثُمَّ كَانَتِ الْهَزِيمَةُ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَوَلَّوُا الْأَدْبَارَ مُنْهَزِمِينَ، وَكَانَ مَنْ غَرِقَ مِنْهُمْ فِي النَّهْرِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّنْ قُتِلَ. وَجَمَعَ الْحَرَشِيُّ الْغَنَائِمَ وَعَادَ إِلَى بَاجَرْوَانَ فَقَسَّمَهَا، وَأَرْسَلَ الْخُمْسَ إِلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ وَعَرَّفَهُ مَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ هِشَامٌ يَشْكُرُهُ. وَأَقَامَ بِبَاجَرْوَانَ، فَأَتَاهُ كِتَابُ هِشَامٍ يَأْمُرُهُ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَيْهِ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ أَخَاهُ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ عَلَى إِرْمِينِيَّةَ وَأَذْرَبِيجَانَ، فَوَصَلَ إِلَى الْبِلَادِ وَسَارَ إِلَى التُّرْكِ فِي شِتَاءٍ شَدِيدٍ حَتَّى جَازَ الْبَابَ فِي آثَارِهِمْ.
Translation
✧ The Killing of al-Jarrāḥ al-Ḥakamī In the year one hundred and twelve, al-Jarrāḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥakamī was killed. The reason for that is what we mentioned before, namely his entry into the land of the Khazar and their defeat. When he defeated them, the Khazar and the Turks gathered from the direction of al-Lān, and al-Jarrāḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh met them with the Syrians who were with him. They fought the fiercest fighting that people had ever seen. Both sides held firm, and the Khazar and the Turks overwhelmed the Muslims in number, so al-Jarrāḥ and those with him were martyred at Marj Ardabīl. He had appointed his brother al-Ḥajjāj b. ʿAbd Allāh as his successor over Armenia. When al-Jarrāḥ was killed, the Khazar became covetous and penetrated deep into the lands until they approached al-Mawṣil, and the calamity upon the Muslims became great. Al-Jarrāḥ was a good and virtuous man, one of the governors of ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, and many poets composed elegies for him. It is said that his killing was at Balanjar. When news of him reached Hishām, he summoned Saʿīd al-Ḥarashī and said to him: "It has reached me that al-Jarrāḥ has withdrawn from the polytheists." He said: "Not at all, O Commander of the Faithful. Al-Jarrāḥ knows God too well to flee, but he has been killed." He said: "What is your opinion?" He said: "Send me with forty mounts from the post animals, then send me forty men every day, and write to the commanders of the armies to join me." Hishām did that, and al-Ḥarashī set out. He did not pass by a city without summoning its people to rise up, and those who desired jihād answered him. He continued in this way until he reached the city of Arzan, where a group of al-Jarrāḥ's companions met him. They wept and he wept because of their weeping. He distributed money among them and brought them back with him. He made it a practice that no one of al-Jarrāḥ's companions met him except that he brought him back with him. He reached Khilāṭ, which was fortified against him, so he besieged it as well and conquered it, and divided its spoils among his companions. Then he departed from Khilāṭ and conquered the fortresses and castles one after another until he reached Bardhaʿa and encamped there. At that time Ibn Khāqān was in Azerbaijan raiding, plundering, taking captives, and killing, and he was besieging the city of Warthān. Al-Ḥarashī feared that he would take it, so he sent one of his companions secretly to the people of Warthān to inform them of their arrival and to command them to be patient. The messenger set out, and some of the Khazar met him and seized him. They asked him about his situation, and he told them and spoke truthfully. They said to him: "If you do what we command you, we will treat you well and release you; otherwise we will kill you." He said: "What do you want?" They said: "Tell the people of Warthān that they have no reinforcements and no one to relieve their distress, and command them to surrender the town to us." He agreed to that. When he approached the city, he stood where its people could hear his words and said to them: "Do you know me?" They said: "Yes, you are so-and-so." He said: "Al-Ḥarashī has arrived at such-and-such a place with many armies, and he commands you to guard the town and be patient, for within these two days he will reach you." They raised their voices with takbīr and tahlīl. The Khazar killed that man and departed from the city of Warthān. Al-Ḥarashī reached it with the armies, and no one was there. He departed in pursuit of the Khazar to Ardabīl, and the Khazar moved away from it. Al-Ḥarashī encamped at Bājarwān. A horseman came to him on a white horse, greeted him, and said to him: "Would you like, O emir, to engage in jihād and gain booty?" He said: "How can I do that?" He said: "This is the Khazar army of ten thousand, and with them are five thousand Muslims from a household, captives or prisoners. They have encamped four parasangs away." Al-Ḥarashī marched at night and reached them at the end of the night while they were asleep. He divided his companions into four directions and fell upon them at dawn. The Muslims put the sword to them, and by the time the sun rose they had all been killed except for one man. Al-Ḥarashī released the Muslims who were with them and brought them to Bājarwān. When he entered it, that man, the rider of the white horse, came to him, greeted him, and said: "This is an army of the Khazar, and with them are the wealth of the Muslims and the women and children of al-Jarrāḥ, at such-and-such a place." So al-Ḥarashī marched to them, and before they knew it the Muslims were upon them. They put the sword to them and killed them as they wished. None of the Khazar escaped except those who fled. They rescued the Muslim men and women who were with them, seized their wealth, and took the children of al-Jarrāḥ, honoring them and treating them well, and carried everyone to Bājarwān. News of what al-Ḥarashī had done to the Khazar armies reached their king's son, and he rebuked his armies, blamed them, and accused them of incapacity and weakness. They urged one another on and advised him to gather his forces and return to fight al-Ḥarashī. He gathered his forces from the districts of Azerbaijan, and many armies assembled with him. Al-Ḥarashī marched against him, and they met in the land of Barzand. The people fought the fiercest and greatest battle, and the Muslims withdrew a little. Al-Ḥarashī urged them on and commanded them to be patient, so they returned to the fight and met the enemy with a true charge. The captives with the Khazar cried out for help and called out with takbīr, tahlīl, and supplication. Then the Muslims urged one another on, and there remained no one who did not weep out of compassion for the captives. Their attack upon the enemy intensified, and they turned their backs in flight. The Muslims pursued them until they reached the river Aras, then turned back from them and gathered what was in their camps of wealth and spoils, released the captives and prisoners, and carried everyone to Bājarwān. Then the son of the king of the Khazar gathered those of his armies who had joined him and returned with them toward al-Ḥarashī. He encamped at the river al-Baylaqān. News reached al-Ḥarashī, so he marched toward him with the Muslim armies and came upon them at the river al-Baylaqān. They met there, and al-Ḥarashī shouted to the people, and they made a true charge that shattered the ranks of the Khazar. He continued the charges, and the Khazar held firm with great steadfastness. Then defeat came upon them, and they turned their backs in flight. Those of them who drowned in the river were more than those killed. Al-Ḥarashī gathered the spoils and returned to Bājarwān where he divided them, sent the fifth to Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik, and informed him of what God had granted the Muslims. Hishām wrote to him thanking him. He remained at Bājarwān, and a letter came to him from Hishām ordering him to travel to him. He appointed his brother Maslama b. ʿAbd al-Malik over Armenia and Azerbaijan. Maslama arrived in the lands and marched against the Turks in severe winter until he crossed the pass in pursuit of them.
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