Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2395

The Year 95

تَرْجَمَةُ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ الثَّقَفِيِّ وَذِكْرُ وَفَاتِهِ   هُوَ الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ بْنِ أَبِي عَقِيلِ بْنِ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ مُعَتِّبِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ عَوْفِ بْنِ ثَقِيفٍ وَهُوَ قَسِيُّ بْنُ مُنَبِّهِ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، مرويات الحجاج بن يوسف سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَرَوَى عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَسَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ، وَعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، وَأَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى. وَرَوَى عَنْهُ أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَثَابِتٌ الْبُنَانِيُّ، وَحُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، وَمَالِكُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَجَرَادُ بْنُ مُجَالِدٍ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ، قَالَهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ لَهُ بِدِمَشْقَ آدُرٌ مِنْهَا دَارُ الزَّاوِيَةِ بِقُرْبِ قَصْرِ ابْنِ أَبِي الْحَدِيدِ، وَوَلَّاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ الْحِجَازَ، فَقَتَلَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، ثُمَّ عَزَلَهُ عَنْهَا وَوَلَّاهُ الْعِرَاقَ، وَقَدِمَ دِمَشْقَ وَافِدًا عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. ثُمَّ رَوَى مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سَالِمُ بْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ: خَطَبَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، فَذَكَرَ الْقَبْرَ، فَمَا زَالَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّهُ بَيْتُ الْوَحْدَةِ، وَبَيْتُ الْغُرْبَةِ. حَتَّى بَكَى وَبَكَى مَنْ حَوْلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ مَرْوَانَ يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: خَطَبَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، فَقَالَ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: مَا نَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى قَبْرٍ أَوْ ذَكَرَهُ إِلَّا بَكَى. وعَنْ مَالِكِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ يَوْمًا عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ، فَقَالَ لِي: يَا أَبَا يَحْيَى، أَلَا أُحَدِّثُكَ بِحَدِيثٍ حَسَنٍ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: بَلَى. فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ حَاجَةٌ فَلْيَدْعُ بِهَا فِي دُبُرِ صَلَاةٍ مَفْرُوضَةٍ قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ مَنْ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّ الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ دَخَلَ عَلَى امْرَأَتِهِ وَهِيَ تَتَخَلَّلُ أَيْ تُخَلِّلُ أَسْنَانَهَا لِيَخْرُجَ مَا بَيْنَهَا مِنْ أَذًى وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ كُنْتِ بَاكَرْتِ الْغَذَاءَ إِنَّكَ لِرَغِيبَةٌ دَنِيَّةٌ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي تُخَلِّلِينَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ بَقِيَ فِي فِيكِ مِنَ الْبَارِحَةِ إِنَّكِ لِقَذِرَةٌ. فَطَلَّقَهَا، فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهِ مَا كَانَ شَيْءٌ مِمَّا ذَكَرْتَ، وَلَكِنَّنِي بَاكَرْتُ مَا تُبَاكِرُهُ الْحُرَّةُ مِنَ السِّوَاكِ، فَبَقِيَتْ شَظِيَّةٌ فِي فَمِي مِنْهُ فَحَاوَلْتُهَا لِأُخْرِجَهَا. فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ لِيُوسُفَ أَبِي الْحَجَّاجِ: تَزَوَّجْهَا، فَإِنَّهَا لِخَلِيقَةٌ أَنْ تَأْتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ يَسُودُ. فَتَزَوَّجَهَا يُوسُفُ أَبُو الْحَجَّاجِ. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: فَأُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّ أَبَا الْحَجَّاجِ لَمَّا بَنَى بِهَا وَاقَعَهَا فَنَامَ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي النَّوْمِ: مَا أَسْرَعَ مَا أَلْقَحْتَ بِالْمُبِيرِ. قَالَ ابْنُ خَلِّكَانَ: وَاسْمُ أُمِّهِ الْفَارِعَةُ بِنْتُ هَمَّامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، وَكَانَ زَوْجُهَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ كَلَدَةَ الثَّقَفِيُّ طَبِيبَ الْعَرَبِ. وَذَكَرَ عَنْهُ هَذِهِ الْحِكَايَةَ فِي السِّوَاكِ. وَذَكَرَ صَاحِبُ " الْعِقْدِ " أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ كَانَ هُوَ وَأَبُوهُ يُعَلِّمَانِ الْغِلْمَانَ بِالطَّائِفِ، ثُمَّ قَدِمَ دِمَشْقَ فَكَانَ عِنْدَ رَوْحِ بْنِ زِنْبَاعٍ وَزِيرِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَشَكَا عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِلَى رَوْحٍ أَنَّ الْجَيْشَ لَا يَنْزِلُونَ لِنُزُولِهِ وَلَا يَرْحَلُونَ لِرَحِيلِهِ، فَقَالَ رَوْحٌ: عِنْدِي رَجُلٌ تُوَلِّيهِ ذَلِكَ. فَوَلَّى عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ الْحَجَّاجَ أَمْرَ الْجَيْشِ، فَكَانَ لَا يَتَأَخَّرُ أَحَدٌ فِي النُّزُولِ وَالرَّحِيلِ، حَتَّى اجْتَازَ إِلَى فُسْطَاطِ رَوْحِ بْنِ زِنْبَاعٍ وَهُمْ يَأْكُلُونَ، فَضَرَبَهُمْ وَطَوَّفَ بِهِمْ، وَأَحْرَقَ الْفُسْطَاطَ، فَشَكَا رَوْحٌ ذَلِكَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَقَالَ لِلْحَجَّاجِ: لِمَ صَنَعْتَ هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَفْعَلْهُ، إِنَّمَا فَعَلَهُ أَنْتَ; فَإِنَّ يَدِي يَدُكَ وَسَوْطِي سَوْطُكَ، وَمَا ضَرَّكَ إِذَا أَعْطَيْتَ رَوْحًا فُسْطَاطَيْنِ بَدَلَ فُسْطَاطِهِ، وَبَدَلَ الْغُلَامِ غُلَامَيْنِ، وَلَا تَكْسِرُنِي فِي الَّذِي وَلَّيْتَنِي؟ فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، وَتَقَدَّمَ الْحَجَّاجُ عِنْدَهُ. قَالَ: وَبَنَى وَاسِطَ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ، وَفَرَغَ مِنْهَا فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ وَثَمَانِينَ. وَقِيلَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ: وَفِي أَيَّامِهِ نُقِطَتِ الْمَصَاحِفُ. وَذُكِرَ فِي حِكَايَتِهِ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَوَّلًا يُسَمَّى كُلَيْبًا، ثُمَّ سُمِّيَ الْحَجَّاجَ. وَذُكِرَ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ وَلَا مَخْرَجَ لَهُ حَتَّى فُتِقَ لَهُ مَخْرَجٌ، وَأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَرْتَضِعْ أَيَّامًا حَتَّى سَقَوْهُ دَمَ جَدْيٍ أَيَّامًا، ثُمَّ دَمَ سَالِخٍ، وَلُطِّخَ وَجْهُهُ بِدَمِهِ فَارْتَضَعَ، وَكَانَتْ فِيهِ شَهَامَةٌ وَحُبٌّ لِسَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ; لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَا ارْتَضَعَ ذَلِكَ الدَّمُ الَّذِي لُطِّخَ بِهِ وَجْهُهُ. وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّ أُمَّهُ هِيَ الْمُتَمَنِّيَةُ لِنَصْرِ بْنِ حَجَّاجِ بْنِ عِلَاطٍ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهَا أُمُّ أَبِيهِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَكَانَتْ فِيهِ شَهَامَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ، وَفِي سَيْفِهِ رَهَقٌ، وَكَانَ كَثِيرَ قَتْلِ النُّفُوسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَهَا اللَّهُ بِأَدْنَى شُبْهَةٍ، وَكَانَ يَغْضَبُ غَضَبَ الْمُلُوكِ، وَكَانَ فِيمَا يَزْعُمُ يَتَشَبَّهُ بِزِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِيهِ، وَكَانَ زِيَادٌ يَتَشَبَّهُ بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فِيمَا يَزْعُمُ أَيْضًا. وَلَا سَوَاءٌ وَلَا قَرِيبٌ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ سُلَيْمِ بْنِ عِتْرٍ التُّجِيبِيِّ قَاضِي مِصْرَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ كِبَارِ التَّابِعِينَ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ خُطْبَةَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِالْجَابِيَةِ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الزَّهَادَةِ وَالْعِبَادَةِ عَلَى جَانِبٍ عَظِيمٍ، وَكَانَ يَخْتِمُ الْقُرْآنَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ ثَلَاثَ خَتَمَاتٍ فِي الصَّلَاةِ وَغَيْرِهَا. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ كَانَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ بِمِصْرَ فِي جَامِعِهَا، فَاجْتَازَ بِهِمَا سُلَيْمُ بْنُ عِتْرٍ هَذَا، فَنَهَضَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو الْحَجَّاجِ فَسَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، فَهَلْ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ لَكَ عِنْدَهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، تَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَعْزِلَنِي عَنِ الْقَضَاءِ. فَقَالَ: سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ! وَاللَّهِ لَا أَعْلَمُ قَاضِيًا الْيَوْمَ خَيْرًا مِنْكَ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى ابْنِهِ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُهُ: يَا أَبَهْ، أَتَقُومُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْ تُجِيبَ وَأَنْتَ ثَقَفِيٌّ ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا بُنَيَّ وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَحْسَبُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ إِنَّمَا يُرْحَمُونَ بِهَذَا وَأَمْثَالِهِ. فَقَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا عَلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَضَرُّ مِنْ هَذَا وَأَمْثَالِهِ. فَقَالَ: وَلِمَ يَا بُنَيَّ؟ قَالَ: لِأَنَّ هَذَا وَأَمْثَالَهُ يَجْتَمِعُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِمْ فَيُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ عَنْ سِيرَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، فَيُحَقِّرُ النَّاسُ سِيرَةَ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَلَا يَرَوْنَهَا شَيْئًا عِنْدَ سِيرَتِهِمَا، فَيَخْلَعُونَهُ وَيَخْرُجُونَ عَلَيْهِ، وَيَبْغَضُونَهُ وَلَا يَرَوْنَ طَاعَتَهُ، وَاللَّهِ لَوْ خَلَصَ إِلَيَّ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ لَأَضْرِبَنَّ عُنُقَ هَذَا وَأَمْثَالِهِ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُوهُ: يَا بُنَيَّ، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَظُنُّ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ خَلَقَكَ شَقِيًّا. وَهَذَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ ذَا وَجَاهَةٍ عِنْدَ الْخَلِيفَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ ذَا فِرَاسَةٍ صَحِيحَةٍ; فَإِنَّهُ تَفَرَّسَ فِي ابْنِهِ مَا آلَ إِلَيْهِ أَمْرُهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ. قَالُوا: وَكَانَ مَوْلِدُ الْحَجَّاجِ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ. وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ. وَقِيلَ: فِي سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَأَرْبَعِينَ. نشأة الحجاج ثُمَّ نَشَأَ شَابًّا لَبِيبًا فَصِيحًا بَلِيغًا حَافِظًا لِلْقُرْآنِ، قَالَ بَعْضُ السَّلَفِ: كَانَ الْحَجَّاجُ يَقْرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَلَاءِ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَفْصَحَ مِنْهُ وَمِنَ الْحَسَنِ الْبَصْرِيِّ. وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ أَفْصَحَ مِنْهُ. وَقَالَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ بسنده قَالَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو: مَا رَأَيْتُ عُقُولَ النَّاسِ إِلَّا قَرِيبًا بَعْضُهَا مِنْ بَعْضٍ، إِلَّا الْحَجَّاجَ وَإِيَاسَ بْنَ مُعَاوِيَةَ، فَإِنَّ عُقُولَهُمَا كَانَتْ تَرْجَحُ عَلَى عُقُولِ النَّاسِ. وَتَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ لَمَّا قُتِلَ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ بَعَثَ الْحَجَّاجَ إِلَى أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بِمَكَّةَ فَحَاصَرَهُ بِهَا، وَأَقَامَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ عَامَئِذٍ، وَلَمْ يَتَمَكَّنِ الْحَجَّاجُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنَ الطَّوَافِ بِالْبَيْتِ، وَلَا تَمَكَّنَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ وَمَنْ عِنْدَهُ مِنَ الْوُقُوفِ بِعَرَفَةَ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ مُحَاصِرَهُ حَتَّى ظَفِرَ بِهِ فِي جُمَادَى سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ، ثُمَّ اسْتَنَابَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ عَلَى مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ وَالطَّائِفِ وَالْيَمَنِ، ثُمَّ وَلَّاهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ الْعِرَاقَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَخِيهِ بِشْرٍ، فَدَخَلَ الْكُوفَةَ، وَقَالَ لَهُمْ وَفَعَلَ بِهِمْ مَا تَقَدَّمَ إِيرَادُهُ مُفَصَّلًا، فَأَقَامَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانِيهِمْ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً كَامِلَةً. وَفَتَحَ فِيهَا فُتُوحَاتٍ كَثِيرَةً هَائِلَةً مُنْتَشِرَةً، حَتَّى وَصَلَتْ خُيُولُهُ إِلَى بِلَادِ الْهِنْدِ وَالسِّنْدِ، فَفَتَحَ فِيهَا جُمْلَةَ مُدُنٍ وَأَقَالِيمَ، وَوَصَلَتْ خُيُولُهُ أَيْضًا إِلَى قَرِيبٍ مِنْ بِلَادِ الصِّينِ، وَجَرَتْ لَهُ فُصُولٌ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا. وَنَحْنُ نُورِدُ هُنَا أَشْيَاءَ أُخَرَ مِمَّا وَقَعَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأُمُورِ وَالْجَرَاءَةِ وَالْإِقْدَامِ، وَالتَّهَوُّرِ فِي الْأُمُورِ الْعِظَامِ، مِمَّا يُمْدَحُ عَلَى مِثْلِهِ، وَمِمَّا يُذَمُّ بِقَوْلِهِ وَفِعْلِهِ، مِمَّا سَاقَهُ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ وَغَيْرُهُ: فَرَوَى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، بسنده عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَثِيرٍ ابْنِ أَخِي إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَدِينِيِّ مَا مَعْنَاهُ أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ بْنَ يُوسُفَ صَلَّى مَرَّةً بِجَنْبِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَلِيَ شَيْئًا فَجَعَلَ يَرْفَعُ قَبْلَ الْإِمَامِ وَيَقَعُ قَبْلَهُ فِي السُّجُودِ، فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ أَخَذَ سَعِيدٌ بِطَرْفِ رِدَائِهِ وَكَانَ لَهُ ذِكْرٌ يَقُولُهُ بَعْدَ الصَّلَاةِ فَمَا زَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ يُنَازِعُهُ رِدَاءَهُ حَتَّى قَضَى سَعِيدٌ ذِكْرَهُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ سَعِيدٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا سَارِقُ يَا خَائِنُ، تُصَلِّي هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ! لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَضْرِبَ بِهَذَا النَّعْلِ وَجْهَكَ. فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ مَضَى الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَى الْحَجِّ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ فَعَادَ إِلَى الشَّامِ، ثُمَّ جَاءَ نَائِبًا عَلَى الْحِجَازِ، فَلَمَّا قَتَلَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ كَرَّ رَاجِعًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ نَائِبًا عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ إِذَا مَجْلِسُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ فَقَصَدَهُ الْحَجَّاجُ فَخَشِيَ النَّاسُ عَلَى سَعِيدٍ مِنْهُ، فَجَاءَ حَتَّى جَلَسَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنْتَ صَاحِبُ الْكَلِمَاتِ؟ فَضَرَبَ سَعِيدٌ صَدْرَهُ بِيَدِهِ وَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَجَزَاكَ اللَّهُ مِنْ مُعَلِّمٍ وَمُؤَدِّبٍ خَيْرًا، مَا صَلَّيْتُ بَعْدَكَ صَلَاةً إِلَّا وَأَنَا أَذْكُرُ قَوْلَكَ. ثُمَّ قَامَ وَمَضَى. وَرَوَى الرِّيَاشِيُّ، بسنده عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ أَخِي أَبِي عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَلَاءِ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَتَلَ الْحَجَّاجُ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ ارْتَجَّتْ مَكَّةُ بِالْبُكَاءِ، فَأَمَرَ بالنَّاسِ فَجُمِعُوا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، ثُمَّ صَعِدَ الْمِنْبَرَ، فَقَالَ بَعْدَ حَمْدِ اللَّهِ وَالثَّنَاءِ عَلَيْهِ: يَا أَهْلَ مَكَّةَ، بَلَغَنِي إِكْبَارُكُمْ قَتْلَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، أَلَا وَإِنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ كَانَ مِنْ خِيَارِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، حَتَّى رَغِبَ فِي الْخِلَافَةِ وَنَازَعَ فِيهَا أَهْلَهَا، فَنَزَعَ طَاعَةَ اللَّهِ وَاسْتَكَنَّ بِحَرَمِ اللَّهِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ شَيْءٌ مَانِعَ الْعُصَاةِ لَمَنَعَتْ آدَمَ حُرْمَةُ اللَّهِ; إِنَّ اللَّهَ خَلَقَهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِهِ، وَأَسْجَدَ لَهُ مَلَائِكَتَهُ وَأَبَاحَ لَهُ كَرَامَتَهُ، وَأَسْكَنَهُ جَنَّتَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَخْطَأَ أَخْرَجَهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ بِخَطِيئَتِهِ، وَآدَمُ أَكْرَمُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالْجَنَّةُ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً مِنَ الْكَعْبَةِ، اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ يَذْكُرْكُمْ. الحجاج مبير ثقيف وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ دَخَلَ عَلَى أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ بَعْدَمَا قَتَلَ ابْنَهَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَكِ أَلْحَدَ فِي هَذَا الْبَيْتِ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَذَاقَهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ، وَفَعَلَ بِهِ وَفَعَلَ. فَقَالَتْ: كَذَبْتَ، كَانَ بَرًّا بِوَالِدَيْهِ، صَوَّامًا قَوَّامًا، وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَخْبَرَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّهُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ كَذَّابَانِ الْآخَرُ مِنْهُمَا شَرٌّ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ، وَهُوَ مُبِيرٌ. وَقَالَ أَبُو يَعْلَى: بسنده عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ الْأَحْنَفِ، عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنِ الْمُثْلَةِ، وَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: يَخْرُجُ مِنْ ثَقِيفٍ رَجُلَانِ كَذَّابٌ وَمُبِيرٌ. قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ لِلْحَجَّاجِ: أَمَّا الْكَذَّابُ فَقَدْ رَأَيْنَاهُ، وَأَمَّا الْمُبِيرُ فَأَنْتَ هُوَ يَا حَجَّاجُ. وعَنْ نَافِعٍ أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ اعْتَزَلَ لَيَالِيَ قِتَالِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَالْحَجَّاجِ بِمِنًى، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي مَعَ الْحَجَّاجِ. وَقَالَ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ فَلَمْ يُسَلِّمْ عَلَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ يُصَلِّي وَرَاءَهُ. وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ بسنده عَنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ قَالَ: خَطَبَ الْحَجَّاجُ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ غَيَّرَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: مَا سَلَّطَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَلَا أَنْتَ مَعَهُ وَلَوْ شِئْتُ أَنْ أَقُولَ: كَذَبْتَ، لَفَعَلْتُ. بعض من أخبار الحجاج وَرُوِيَ عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ وَغَيْرِهِ أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ أَطَالَ الْخُطْبَةَ، فَجَعَلَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ: الصَّلَاةَ الصَّلَاةَ، مِرَارًا، ثُمَّ قَامَ فَأَقَامَ الصَّلَاةَ فَقَامَ النَّاسُ، فَصَلَّى الْحَجَّاجُ بِالنَّاسِ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ لِابْنِ عُمَرَ: مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا نَجِيءُ لِلصَّلَاةِ، فَصَلِّ الصَّلَاةَ لِوَقْتِهَا، ثُمَّ بَقْبِقْ مَا شِئْتَ بَعْدُ مِنْ بَقْبَقَةٍ. وَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ عَمِّي يَقُولُ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ الْحَجَّاجَ لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَقَدِمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ لَقِيَ شَيْخًا خَارِجًا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ حَالِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَقَالَ: بِشَرِّ حَالٍ; قُتِلَ ابْنُ حَوَارِيِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ: وَمَنْ قَتَلَهُ؟ قَالَ: الْفَاجِرُ اللَّعِينُ الْحَجَّاجُ عَلَيْهِ لَعَائِنُ اللَّهِ وَتَهْلُكَتُهُ; مِنْ قَلِيلِ الْمُرَاقَبَةِ لِلَّهِ. فَغَضِبَ الْحَجَّاجُ غَضَبًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا الشَّيْخُ، أَتَعْرِفُ الْحَجَّاجَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَلَا عَرَّفَهُ اللَّهُ خَيْرًا، وَلَا وَقَاهُ ضُرًّا. فَكَشَفَ الْحَجَّاجُ عَنْ لِثَامِهِ، وَقَالَ: سَتَعْلَمُ أَيُّهَا الشَّيْخُ الْآنَ إِذَا سَالَ دَمُكَ السَّاعَةَ. فَلَمَّا تَحَقَّقَ الشَّيْخُ الْجَدُّ، قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ الْعَجَبُ يَا حَجَّاجُ، لَوْ كُنْتَ تَعْرِفُنِي مَا قُلْتَ هَذِهِ الْمَقَالَةَ، أَنَا الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ أَبِي دَاوُدَ، أُصْرَعُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ خَمْسَ مَرَّاتٍ، فَقَالَ الْحَجَّاجُ: انْطَلِقْ، فَلَا شَفَى اللَّهُ الْأَبْعَدَ مِنْ جُنُونِهِ وَلَا عَافَاهُ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ أَنَّهُ زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ مِنَ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ يُوسُفَ، فَقَالَ لَهَا: إِذَا دَخَلَ بِكِ فَقُولِي: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْحَلِيمُ الْكَرِيمُ، سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَرْشِ الْعَظِيمِ، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ. وَزَعَمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ إِذَا حَزَبَهُ أَمْرٌ قَالَ هَذَا. قَالَ حَمَّادٌ: فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: فَلَمْ يَصِلْ إِلَيْهَا. قَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ: لَمَّا تَزَوَّجَ الْحَجَّاجُ بِنْتَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ خَالِدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ لِعَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ: أَتُمَكِّنُهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: وَمَا بَأْسٌ بِذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: أَشَدُّ الْبَأْسِ وَاللَّهِ. قَالَ: كَيْفَ؟ قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَقَدْ ذَهَبَ مَا فِي صَدْرِي عَلَى آلِ الزُّبَيْرِ مُنْذُ تَزَوَّجْتُ رَمْلَةَ بِنْتَ الزُّبَيْرِ. قَالَ: فَكَأَنَّهُ كَانَ نَائِمًا فَأَيْقَظَهُ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ يَعْزِمُ عَلَيْهِ فِي طَلَاقِهَا فَطَلَّقَهَا. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَرُوبَةَ: حَجَّ الْحَجَّاجُ مَرَّةً، فَمَرَّ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ، فَأُتِيَ بِغَدَائِهِ فَقَالَ لِحَاجِبِهِ: انْظُرْ مَنْ يَأْكُلُ مَعِي. فَذَهَبَ فَإِذَا أَعْرَابِيٌّ نَائِمٌ فَضَرَبَهُ بِرِجْلِهِ، وَقَالَ: أَجِبِ الْأَمِيرَ. فَقَامَ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ لَهُ: اغْسِلْ يَدَيْكَ ثُمَّ تَغَدَّ مَعِي. فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ دَعَانِي مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ فَأَجَبْتُهُ. قَالَ: وَمَنْ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُ دَعَانِي إِلَى الصَّوْمِ فَأَجَبْتُهُ. قَالَ: فِي هَذَا الْحَرِّ الشَّدِيدِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ صُمْتُ لِيَوْمٍ هُوَ أَشَدُّ حَرًّا مِنْهُ. قَالَ: فَأَفْطِرْ وَصُمْ غَدًا. قَالَ: إِنْ ضَمِنْتَ لِيَ الْبَقَاءَ إِلَى غَدٍ. قَالَ: لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ إِلَيَّ. قَالَ: فَكَيْفَ تَسْأَلُنِي عَاجِلًا بِآجِلٍ لَا تَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ طَعَامَنَا طَعَامٌ طَيِّبٌ. قَالَ: لَمْ تُطَيِّبْهُ أَنْتَ وَلَا الطَّبَّاخُ، إِنَّمَا طَيَّبَتْهُ الْعَافِيَةُ. وفاة الحجاج وَفَاةِ الْحَجَّاجِ   قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ بْنَ مَرْوَانَ أَوْصَى وَلَدَهُ الْوَلِيدَ بِالْحَجَّاجِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يَمُتِ الْحَجَّاجُ حَتَّى ثَقُلَ عَلَى الْوَلِيدِ، وَكَانَ الْوَلِيدُ قَدْ مَرِضَ فَغُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَمَكَثَ عَامَّةَ يَوْمِهِ يَحْسَبُونَهُ مَيِّتًا، فَقَدِمَتِ الْبُرُدُ عَلَى الْحَجَّاجِ بِذَلِكَ فَاسْتَرْجَعَ، وَأَمَرَ بِحَبْلٍ فَشُدَّ فِي يَدِهِ ثُمَّ أُوثِقَ إِلَى أُسْطُوَانَةٍ، وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُسَلِّطْ عَلَيَّ مَنْ لَا رَحْمَةَ لَهُ فَقَدْ طَالَ مَا سَأَلْتُكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ مَنِيَّتِي قَبْلَ مَنِيَّتِهِ، وَجَعَلَ يَدْعُو. فَقَدِمَ الْبَرِيدُ بِإِفَاقَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا أَفَاقَ الْوَلِيدُ، قَالَ: مَا أَحَدٌ أَسَرُّ بِعَافِيَتِي مِنَ الْحَجَّاجِ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: كَأَنِّي بِكِتَابِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَدْ أَتَاكَ يَذْكُرُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ بُرْؤُكَ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا وَأَعْتَقَ كُلَّ مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُ، فَجَاءَ الْكِتَابُ بِذَلِكَ، وَبَقِيَ الْحَجَّاجُ فِي إِمْرَتِهِ عَلَى الْعِرَاقِ تَمَامَ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَكَانَ مُقْدِمًا عَلَى الْقَتْلِ وَالظُّلْمِ، وَآخِرُ مَنْ قَتَلَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، فَوَقَعَتِ الْأَكَلَةُ فِي بَطْنِهِ، فَأَخَذَ الطَّبِيبُ لَحْمًا وَجَعَلَهُ فِي خَيْطٍ وَأَرْسَلَهُ فِي حَلْقِهِ ثُمَّ اسْتَخْرَجَهُ وَقَدْ لَصِقَ الدُّودُ بِهِ، فَعَلِمَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِنَاجٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ قَدْ حَلَفَ الْأَعْدَاءُ وَاجْتَهَدُوا أَيْمَانَهُمْ أَنَّنِي مِنْ سَاكِنِي النَّارِ     أَيَحْلِفُونَ عَلَى عَمْيَاءَ وَيْلَهُمُ مَا عِلْمُهُمْ بِعَظِيمِ الْعَفْوِ غَفَّارِ وعَنْ كَاتِبٍ كَانَ لِلْحَجَّاجِ يُقَالُ لَهُ يَعْلَى، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَكْتُبُ لِلْحَجَّاجِ وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ غُلَامٌ حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ، فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمًا بَعْدَ قَتْلِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ وَهُوَ فِي قُبَّةٍ لَهَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَبْوَابٍ، فَدَخَلْتُ مِمَّا يَلِي ظَهْرَهُ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ: مَا لِي وَلِسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، فَخَرَجْتُ رُوَيْدًا وَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ إِنْ عَلِمَ بِي قَتَلَنِي، [ثُمَّ لَمْ يَلْبَثِ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى مَاتَ]. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى: أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ: مَا لِي وَلِسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ كُلَّمَا أَرَدْتُ النَّوْمَ أَخَذَ بِرِجْلِي. وَمَاتَ فِي شَوَّالٍ هَذِهِ السَّنَةَ. وَقِيلَ: لِخَمْسٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: ثَلَاثٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً. وَقَالَ أَبُو عُمَرَ الْجِرْمِيُّ، قَالَ يُونُسُ النَّحْوِيُّ: أَنَا أَذْكُرُ عُرْسَ الْعِرَاقِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: وَمَا عُرْسُ الْعِرَاقِ؟ قَالَ: مَوْتُ الْحَجَّاجِ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. وَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ الْعِرَاقَ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ اسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ ابْنَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْحَجَّاجِ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى حَرْبِ الْكُوفَةِ وَالْبَصْرَةِ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي كَبْشَةَ، وَعَلَى خَرَاجِهِمَا يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ، فَأَقَرَّهُمَا الْوَلِيدُ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ، وَلَمْ يُغَيِّرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ عُمَّالِ الْحَجَّاجِ.

Translation

✧ The biography of al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf al-Thaqafī and the mention of his death He is al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf b. al-Ḥakam b. Abī ʿAqīl b. Masʿūd b. ʿĀmir b. Muʿattib b. Mālik b. Kaʿb b. ʿAmr b. Saʿd b. ʿAwf b. Thaqīf, who is Qasiyy b. Munabbih b. Bakr b. Hawāzin, Abū Muḥammad al-Thaqafī. The narrations of al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf: He heard Ibn ʿAbbās, and narrated from Anas, and Samurah b. Jundub, and ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, and Abū Burdah b. Abī Mūsā. Narrating from him were Anas b. Mālik, and Thābit al-Bunānī, and Ḥumayd al-Ṭawīl, and Mālik b. Dīnār, and Jarād b. Mujālid, and Qutaybah b. Muslim, and Saʿīd b. Abī ʿArūbah. So said Ibn ʿAsākir. He said: And he had in Damascus houses, among them the house of the zāwiyah near the palace of Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd. ʿAbd al-Malik appointed him over the Ḥijāz, and he killed Ibn al-Zubayr, then he removed him from it and appointed him over Iraq, and he came to Damascus as a delegate to ʿAbd al-Malik. Then he narrated from the route of al-Mughīrah b. Muslim: Sālim b. Qutaybah b. Muslim narrated to us, saying: I heard my father say: Al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf delivered a sermon to us, and he mentioned the grave, and he kept saying: It is the house of solitude, and the house of estrangement, until he wept and those around him wept. Then he said: I heard the Commander of the Faithful ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān say: I heard Marwān say in his sermon: ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān delivered a sermon to us, and he said in his sermon: The Messenger of God ﷺ never looked at a grave or mentioned it except that he wept. And from Mālik b. Dīnār, who said: I entered one day upon al-Ḥajjāj, and he said to me: O Abū Yaḥyā, shall I not narrate to you a good ḥadīth from the Messenger of God ﷺ? I said: Yes. He said: Abū Burdah narrated to me, from Abū Mūsā, who said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: Whoever has a need from God, let him supplicate for it at the end of an obligatory prayer. Al-Shāfiʿī said: I heard someone mention that al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah entered upon his wife while she was picking her teeth, that is, cleaning between her teeth to remove what was between them of annoyance. That was at the beginning of the day, so he said: By God, if you have had an early meal, you are greedy and low; and if what you are picking is something left in your mouth from last night, you are filthy. Then he divorced her. She said: By God, there was nothing of what you mentioned; rather, I started early with what a free woman starts early with, the siwāk, and a splinter remained in my mouth from it, so I tried to remove it. Al-Mughīrah said to Yūsuf, the father of al-Ḥajjāj: Marry her, for she is likely to bring forth a man who will rule. So Yūsuf, the father of al-Ḥajjāj, married her. Al-Shāfiʿī said: I was informed that when Abū al-Ḥajjāj consummated the marriage with her, he slept with her and then fell asleep, and it was said to him in a dream: How quickly you have impregnated with the destroyer. Ibn Khallikān said: The name of his mother was al-Fāriʿah bt. Hammām b. ʿUrwah b. Masʿūd al-Thaqafī, and her husband was al-Ḥārith b. Kaladah al-Thaqafī, the physician of the Arabs. He mentioned from him this story about the siwāk. The author of "al-ʿIqd" mentioned that al-Ḥajjāj and his father used to teach boys in al-Ṭāʾif, then he came to Damascus and was with Rawḥ b. Zinbāʿ, the vizier of ʿAbd al-Malik. ʿAbd al-Malik complained to Rawḥ that the army did not dismount when he dismounted and did not depart when he departed. Rawḥ said: I have a man whom you can appoint over that. So ʿAbd al-Malik appointed al-Ḥajjāj over the affairs of the army, and no one was slow in dismounting or departing, until he passed by the tent of Rawḥ b. Zinbāʿ while they were eating, and he struck them and paraded them, and burned the tent. Rawḥ complained about that to ʿAbd al-Malik, who said to al-Ḥajjāj: Why did you do this? He said: I did not do it; rather, you did it. For my hand is your hand and my whip is your whip. And what harm would it do you to give Rawḥ two tents in place of his tent, and two servants in place of the servant? And do not break me in what you have appointed me over. So he did that, and al-Ḥajjāj advanced in his esteem. He said: He built Wāsiṭ in the year eighty-four, and finished it in the year eighty-six. It is said before that. He said: And in his days the Qurans were dotted. It is mentioned in the account of his life something indicating that he was first called Kulayb, then he was named al-Ḥajjāj. It is mentioned that he was born with no opening for excretion until an opening was cut for him, and that he would not suckle for days until they gave him the blood of a kid for days, then the blood of a slaughtered animal, and his face was smeared with its blood, and then he suckled. There was in him courage and love for shedding blood, because the first thing he suckled was that blood with which his face was smeared. It is said that his mother was the one who longed for Naṣr b. Ḥajjāj b. ʿIlāṭ. It is also said that she was the mother of his father. And God knows best. There was in him great courage, and in his sword there was recklessness, and he killed many souls that God had forbidden on the slightest suspicion. He would become angry with the anger of kings, and he claimed to imitate Ziyād b. Abīhi, and Ziyād claimed to imitate ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. But they are not equal, nor close. Ibn ʿAsākir mentioned in the biography of Sulaym b. ʿItr al-Tujībī, the judge of Egypt, who was among the senior successors, and who witnessed the sermon of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb at al-Jābiyah, and who was extremely ascetic and devout, completing the Quran every night three times in prayer and otherwise. The point is that al-Ḥajjāj was with his father in Egypt in its mosque, and Sulaym b. ʿItr passed by them. The father of al-Ḥajjāj rose to him and greeted him, and said to him: I am going to the Commander of the Faithful; do you have any need with him? He said: Yes, ask him to remove me from the judgeship. He said: Glory be to God! By God, I know of no judge today better than you. Then he returned to his son al-Ḥajjāj, and his son said to him: O father, will you stand for a man from Tujīb when you are a Thaqafī? He said to him: O my son, by God, I think that people are only shown mercy through this man and his like. Al-Ḥajjāj said: By God, there is nothing more harmful to the Commander of the Faithful than this man and his like. He said: And why, my son? He said: Because these and their like gather people around them, and they narrate to them the conduct of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, so the people belittle the conduct of the Commander of the Faithful and consider it nothing compared to their conduct, and they would depose him and rebel against him, and hate him and not see obedience to him as due. By God, if I had any authority, I would strike the neck of this man and his like. His father said to him: O my son, by God, I think that God, Mighty and Majestic, has created you wretched. This indicates that his father had standing with the caliph and that he had sound insight, for he discerned in his son what his affair would come to afterwards. They said: Al-Ḥajjāj was born in the year thirty-nine. It is said: in the year forty. It is said: in the year forty-one. The upbringing of al-Ḥajjāj: Then he grew up as an intelligent, eloquent, articulate young man, a memorizer of the Quran. Some of the predecessors said: Al-Ḥajjāj used to recite the Quran every night. Abū al-ʿAlāʾ said: I have not seen anyone more eloquent than him and al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī, and al-Ḥasan was more eloquent than him. Al-Dāraquṭnī said with his chain of transmission: ʿUtbah b. ʿAmr said: I have not seen the intellects of people except close to one another, except al-Ḥajjāj and Iyās b. Muʿāwiyah, for their intellects outweighed the intellects of people. It was mentioned earlier that when Muṣʿab b. al-Zubayr was killed in the year seventy-three, ʿAbd al-Malik sent al-Ḥajjāj against his brother ʿAbd Allāh in Makkah, and he besieged him there, and he led the people in the Ḥajj that year. Al-Ḥajjāj and those with him were not able to circumambulate the House, nor was Ibn al-Zubayr and those with him able to stand at ʿArafah. He kept besieging him until he overcame him in Jumādā of the year seventy-three. Then ʿAbd al-Malik appointed him as his deputy over Makkah, al-Madīnah, al-Ṭāʾif, and Yemen. Then ʿAbd al-Malik appointed him over Iraq after the death of his brother Bishr, and he entered al-Kūfah, and he said to them and did to them what has been presented earlier in detail. He remained among them for twenty full years, and he achieved many vast and widespread conquests, until his cavalry reached the lands of India and Sind, and he conquered in them a number of cities and regions. His cavalry also reached near the lands of China, and he had episodes that we have mentioned. We will present here other things that occurred to him of matters, boldness, daring, and recklessness in great affairs, some of which are praiseworthy and some blameworthy in his words and deeds, as narrated by al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir and others: Abū Bakr b. Abī Khaythamah narrated with his chain of transmission from ʿAbd Allāh b. Kathīr, the nephew of Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar al-Madīnī, the meaning of which is that al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf once prayed beside Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, and that was before he held any office. He began to rise before the imam and prostrate before him. When he said the salutation, Saʿīd took hold of the edge of his cloak, and he had a remembrance that he would say after prayer. Al-Ḥajjāj kept tugging his cloak until Saʿīd finished his remembrance. Then Saʿīd turned to him and said: O thief, O traitor, you pray this prayer! I was about to strike your face with this sandal. He did not reply to him. Then al-Ḥajjāj went on the Ḥajj, then returned to Syria, then came as governor over the Ḥijāz. When he killed Ibn al-Zubayr, he returned to al-Madīnah as its governor. When he entered the mosque, there was the gathering of Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, and al-Ḥajjāj headed toward him. The people feared for Saʿīd from him. He came and sat before him, and said to him: Are you the one of the words? Saʿīd struck his own chest with his hand and said: Yes. He said: May God reward you, as a teacher and educator, with good. I have not prayed any prayer after you except that I remember your words. Then he rose and left. Al-Riyāshī narrated with his chain of transmission from Muʿādh b. al-ʿAlāʾ, the brother of Abū ʿAmr b. al-ʿAlāʾ, who said: When al-Ḥajjāj killed Ibn al-Zubayr, Makkah shook with weeping. He ordered the people to be gathered in the mosque, then he ascended the pulpit and said after praising and extolling God: O people of Makkah, it has reached me that you consider the killing of Ibn al-Zubayr a great matter. Verily, Ibn al-Zubayr was among the best of this community, until he desired the caliphate and disputed with its rightful people over it. He abandoned obedience to God and sought refuge in the sanctuary of God. If anything could protect the disobedient, the sanctity of God would have protected Adam. God created him with His hand, breathed into him of His spirit, made His angels prostrate to him, allowed him His honor, and settled him in His garden. But when he erred, He expelled him from the garden for his sin. Adam is more honored by God than Ibn al-Zubayr, and the garden is greater in sanctity than the Kaʿbah. Remember God, and He will remember you. Al-Ḥajjāj, the destroyer of Thaqīf: Imām Aḥmad said with his chain of transmission that al-Ḥajjāj entered upon Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr after he had killed her son ʿAbd Allāh, and said: Your son deviated in this House, and God made him taste a painful punishment, and did to him such and such. She said: You lie. He was dutiful to his parents, fasting much, standing in prayer much. By God, the Messenger of God ﷺ informed us that from Thaqīf will come two liars, the second of them worse than the first, and he is a destroyer. Abū Yaʿlā said with his chain of transmission from Qays b. al-Aḥnaf, from Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, who said: I heard the Messenger of God ﷺ forbid mutilation, and I heard him say: From Thaqīf will come two men, a liar and a destroyer. She said: I said to al-Ḥajjāj: As for the liar, we have seen him; and as for the destroyer, you are he, O Ḥajjāj. From Nāfiʿ that Ibn ʿUmar withdrew during the nights of the fighting between Ibn al-Zubayr and al-Ḥajjāj at Minā, and he would pray with al-Ḥajjāj. Al-Thawrī said, from Muḥammad b. al-Munkadir, from Jābir, that he entered upon al-Ḥajjāj and did not greet him, and he would not pray behind him. Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh said with his chain of transmission from al-Qaʿqāʿ b. al-Ṣalt, who said: Al-Ḥajjāj delivered a sermon and said: Ibn al-Zubayr altered the Book of God. Ibn ʿUmar said: God did not give him power over that, nor you with him. If I wished to say "you lie," I would have done so. Some of the reports about al-Ḥajjāj: It is narrated from Shahr b. Ḥawshab and others that al-Ḥajjāj prolonged the sermon, and Ibn ʿUmar kept saying: The prayer, the prayer, repeatedly. Then he stood and called the iqāmah for prayer, and the people stood, and al-Ḥajjāj led the people in prayer. When he finished, he said to Ibn ʿUmar: What made you do that? He said: We only come for prayer, so pray the prayer at its time, then babble as much as you wish afterwards. Al-Aṣmaʿī said: I heard my uncle say: It reached me that when al-Ḥajjāj finished with Ibn al-Zubayr and came to al-Madīnah, he met an old man leaving al-Madīnah and asked him about the condition of the people of al-Madīnah. He said: In the worst condition; the son of the disciple of the Messenger of God ﷺ has been killed. Al-Ḥajjāj said: And who killed him? He said: The wicked, accursed al-Ḥajjāj, upon him are the curses of God and His destruction, because of his little fear of God. Al-Ḥajjāj became extremely angry, then said: O old man, do you know al-Ḥajjāj when you see him? He said: Yes. May God not make him known for good, nor protect him from harm. Al-Ḥajjāj uncovered his face and said: You will know now, old man, when your blood flows this hour. When the old man realized the seriousness, he said: By God, this is amazing, O Ḥajjāj. If you knew me, you would not have said this. I am al-ʿAbbās b. Abī Dāwūd, I am afflicted with epilepsy five times a day. Al-Ḥajjāj said: Go, may God not cure the far one of his madness nor grant him health. Imām Aḥmad said with his chain of transmission from ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar that he married his daughter to al-Ḥajjāj b. Yūsuf, and he said to her: When he consummates the marriage with you, say: There is no god but God, the Forbearing, the Generous. Glory be to God, Lord of the Mighty Throne. Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds. He claimed that the Messenger of God ﷺ, when something distressed him, would say this. Ḥammād said: I thought he said: And he did not reach her. Al-Shāfiʿī said: When al-Ḥajjāj married the daughter of ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar, Khālid b. Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah said to ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān: Do you enable him to do that? He said: And what is wrong with that? He said: The worst wrong, by God. He said: How? He said: By God, O Commander of the Faithful, what was in my heart against the family of al-Zubayr has gone since I married Ramlah bt. al-Zubayr. He said: It was as if he had been asleep and he woke him. So he wrote to al-Ḥajjāj, adjuring him to divorce her, and he divorced her. Saʿīd b. Abī ʿArūbah said: Al-Ḥajjāj once performed the pilgrimage, and he passed between Makkah and Madinah. His lunch was brought to him, and he said to his chamberlain: “See who will eat with me.” He went and found a Bedouin sleeping. He nudged him with his foot and said: “Answer the amir.” He got up, and when he entered upon al-Ḥajjāj, he said to him: “Wash your hands, then have lunch with me.” He said: “One who is better than you invited me, and I answered Him.” He said: “And who is He?” He said: “Allah invited me to fasting, and I answered Him.” He said: “In this intense heat?” He said: “Yes, I fasted for a day whose heat is more intense than this.” He said: “Then break your fast and fast tomorrow.” He said: “If you guarantee me survival until tomorrow.” He said: “That is not in my power.” He said: “Then how do you ask me to take an immediate act in exchange for a delayed one over which you have no power?” He said: “Our food is good food.” He said: “Neither you nor the cook made it good; only well-being made it good.” The Death of al-Ḥajjāj We have mentioned that ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān had enjoined his son al-Walīd to retain al-Ḥajjāj. Then al-Ḥajjāj did not die until he had become burdensome to al-Walīd. Al-Walīd had fallen ill and lost consciousness, and he remained for most of his day while they thought he was dead. Couriers came to al-Ḥajjāj with that news, and he said, “Indeed we belong to Allah and to Him we return,” and he ordered a rope to be tied to his hand and then bound to a pillar, and he said: “O Allah, do not set over me one who has no mercy, for I have long asked You to make my death before his death.” And he kept supplicating. Then a courier arrived with the news of his recovery. When al-Walīd regained consciousness, he said: “No one is more delighted at my recovery than al-Ḥajjāj.” ʿUmar said: “I can imagine a letter from al-Ḥajjāj coming to you mentioning that when he learned of your recovery he fell prostrate and freed every slave he owned.” Then the letter came with that. Al-Ḥajjāj remained in his governorship of Iraq for a full twenty years. He was forward in killing and oppression, and the last person he killed was Saʿīd b. Jubayr. Then gangrene appeared in his belly. The physician took a piece of meat, placed it on a thread, sent it down his throat, and then extracted it with worms clinging to it. He knew that he would not survive, and he said: O Lord, the enemies have sworn and striven hard in their oaths that I am among the dwellers of the Fire. Do they swear blindly? Woe to them! What do they know of the greatness of pardon, O Forgiver? It is reported from a scribe of al-Ḥajjāj called Yaʿlā, who said: I used to write for al-Ḥajjāj when I was a young lad. One day after the killing of Saʿīd b. Jubayr I entered upon him while he was in a pavilion with four doors. I entered from the side behind his back and heard him saying: “What have I to do with Saʿīd b. Jubayr?” I went out slowly and knew that if he learned of my presence he would kill me. [Then al-Ḥajjāj did not remain long before he died.] In another narration: He used to say: “What have I to do with Saʿīd b. Jubayr? Whenever I want to sleep, he seizes my foot.” He died in Shawwāl of this year. It is also said: when five nights remained of Ramaḍān, and he was fifty-four years old. It is also said: fifty-three years old. Abū ʿUmar al-Jarmī said: Yūnus al-Naḥwī said: “I remember the wedding feast of Iraq.” It was said to him: “And what is the wedding feast of Iraq?” He said: “The death of al-Ḥajjāj in the year ninety-five.” His governorship of Iraq lasted twenty years. When death came to him, he appointed his son ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥajjāj as his deputy over prayer, and he appointed Yazīd b. Abī Kabshah over the war of al-Kūfah and al-Baṣrah, and Yazīd b. Abī Muslim over their land tax. Al-Walīd confirmed both of them after his death, and he did not change any of al-Ḥajjāj’s governors.

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