Dalil

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2392

The Year 94

مَنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِي سنة أربع وتسعين مِنَ الْأَكَابِرِ  سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ  بْنُ حَزْنِ بْنِ أَبِي وَهْبِ بْنِ عَائِذِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَدَنِيُّ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، سَيِّدُ التَّابِعِينَ عَلَى الْإِطْلَاقِ، وُلِدَ لِسَنَتَيْنِ مَضَتَا - وَقِيلَ: بَقِيَتَا - مِنْ خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ. وَقِيلَ: لِأَرْبَعٍ مَضَيْنَ مِنْهَا. وَقَوْلُ الْحَاكِمِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: أَنَّهُ أَدْرَكَ الْعَشَرَةَ. وَهْمٌ مِنْهُ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَلَكِنْ أَرْسَلَ عَنْهُمْ كَمَا أَرْسَلَ كَثِيرًا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَرَوَى عَنْ عُمَرَ كَثِيرًا، فَقِيلَ: سَمِعَ مِنْهُ. وَقِيلَ: لَمْ يَسْمَعْ. وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ وَعَلِيٍّ وَسَعْدٍ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَكَانَ زَوْجَ ابْنَتِهِ وَأَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِحَدِيثِهِ وَرَوَى عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَحَدَّثَ عَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ، وَخَلْقٍ مِمَّنْ سِوَاهُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: كَانَ سَعِيدٌ أَحَدَ الْمُفْتِينَ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: جَالَسْتُهُ سَبْعَ حِجَجٍ، وَأَنَا لَا أَظُنُّ عِنْدَ أَحَدٍ عِلْمًا غَيْرَهُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ مَكْحُولٍ قَالَ: طُفْتُ الْأَرْضَ كُلَّهَا فِي طَلَبِ الْعِلْمِ، فَمَا لَقِيتُ أَعْلَمَ مِنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ. وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: سُئِلَ الزُّهْرِيُّ وَمَكْحُولٌ: مَنْ أَفْقَهُ مَنْ لَقِيتُمَا؟ قَالَا: سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَعْلَمَ بِالْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ مِنْهُ. وَكَانَ الْحَسَنُ إِذَا أَشْهَلَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ كَتَبَ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: فَقِيهُ الْفُقَهَاءِ. وَقَالَ مَالِكٌ، عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ: كُنْتُ أَرْحَلُ الْأَيَّامَ وَاللَّيَالِيَ فِي طَلَبِ الْحَدِيثِ الْوَاحِدِ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ: وَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُرْسِلُ إِلَى سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَضَايَا عُمَرَ وَأَحْكَامِهِ. وَقَالَ الرَّبِيعُ عَنِ الشَّافِعِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِرْسَالُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ عِنْدَنَا حَسَنٌ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ: هِيَ صِحَاحٌ. قَالَ: وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَفْضَلُ التَّابِعِينَ. وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْمَدِينِيِّ: لَا أَعْلَمُ فِي التَّابِعِينَ أَوْسَعَ عِلْمًا مِنْهُ. وَإِذَا قَالَ سَعِيدٌ: مَضَتِ السُّنَّةُ. فَحَسْبُكَ بِهِ، وَهُوَ عِنْدِي أَجْلُّ التَّابِعِينَ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعِجْلِيُّ: كَانَ سَعِيدُ رَجُلًا صَالِحًا فَقِيهًا، كَانَ لَا يَأْخُذُ الْعَطَاءَ، وَكَانَتْ لَهُ بِضَاعَةٌ، أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ دِينَارٍ، وَكَانَ يَتَّجِرُ فِي الزَّيْتِ، وَكَانَ أَعْوَرَ. وَقَالَ أَبُو زُرْعَةَ: مَدَّنِيٌّ ثِقَةٌ إِمَامٌ. وَقَالَ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ: لَيْسَ فِي التَّابِعِينَ أَنْبَلُ مِنْهُ، وَهُوَ أَثْبَتُهُمْ فِي أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ. وَابْتُلِيَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ بِالضَّرْبِ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ وَلَّى جَابِرَ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ الزُّهْرِيَّ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَدَعَا النَّاسَ إِلَى بَيْعَةِ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ: لَا حَتَّى يَجْتَمِعَ النَّاسُ، فَضَرَبَهُ سِتِّينَ سَوْطًا، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يَلُومُهُ وَيَقُولُ: مَا لَنَا وَلِسَعِيدٍ، دَعْهُ. وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ قَدْ خَطَبَ بِنْتَ سَعِيدٍ لِابْنِهِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَأَبَى، فَاحْتَالَ عَلَى سَعِيدٍ حَتَّى ضَرَبَهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ فِي يَوْمٍ بَارِدٍ، وَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِ جَرَّةَ مَاءٍ وَأَلْبَسَهُ جُبَّةَ صُوفٍ. وعن ضِمَامٌ، عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَتْ بَيْعَةُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ مَعَ بَيْعَةِ الْوَلِيدِ كَرِهَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ أَنْ يُبَايِعَ بَيْعَتَيْنِ، فَكَتَبَ صَاحِبُ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ يُخْبِرُهُ أَنَّ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُبَايِعَ لَهُمَا جَمِيعًا، فَكَتَبَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْمَدِينَةِ. وَمَا كَانَ حَاجَتُكَ إِلَى رَفْعِ هَذَا عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيِّبِ، مَا كُنَّا نَخَافُ مِنْهُ، فَأَمَّا إِذَا ظَهَرَ ذَلِكَ وَانْتَشَرَ فِي النَّاسِ فَادْعُهُ إِلَى مَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ مَنْ دَخَلَ فِي هَذِهِ الْبَيْعَةِ، فَإِنْ أَبَى فَاجْلِدْهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ، وَاحْلِقْ رَأْسَهُ وَلِحْيَتَهُ، وَأَلْبِسْهُ ثِيَابًا مَنْ شَعَرٍ، وَقِفْهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي سُوقِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِئَلَّا يَجْتَرِئَ عَلَيْنَا غَيْرُهُ. فَلَمَّا عَلِمَ بَعْضُ مَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ سَأَلُوا الْوَالِيَ أَنْ لَا يَعْجَلَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يُخَوِّفَهُ بِالْقَتْلِ فَعَسَى أَنْ يُجِيبَ، فَأَرْسَلُوا مَوْلًى لَهُ كَانَ فِي الْحَرَسِ، قَالُوا: اذْهَبْ فَأَخِفْهُ بِالْقَتْلِ، وَأَخْبِرْهُ أَنَّهُ مَقْتُولٌ لَعَلَّ ذَلِكَ يُخِيفُهُ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَ فِيمَا دَخَلَ فِيهِ النَّاسُ. فَجَاءَهُ مَوْلَاهُ وَهُوَ يُصَلِّي فَبَكَى الْمَوْلَى، فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعِيدٌ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ؟ قَالَ: يُبْكِينِي مَا يُرَادُ بِكَ، قَدْ جَاءَ كِتَابٌ فِيكَ إِنْ لَمْ تُبَايِعْ قُتِلْتَ، فَجِئْتُ لِتَطْهُرَ وَتَلْبِسَ ثِيَابًا طَاهِرَةً، وَتَفْرَغَ مِنْ عَهْدِكَ، قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ قَدْ وَجَدْتَنِي أُصَلِّي، فَتَرَانِي كُنْتُ أُصَلِّي وَلَسْتُ بِطَاهِرٍ، وَثِيَابِي غَيْرُ طَاهِرَةٍ، وَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنَ الْعَهْدِ فَإِنِّي أَضَلُّ مِمَّنْ أَرْسَلَكَ إِنْ كُنْتُ بِتُّ لَيْلَةً وَلَمْ أَفْرَغْ مِنْ عَهْدِي. فَانْطَلَقَ، فَلَمَّا أَتَى الْوَالِي دَعَوْهُ فَأَبَى أَنْ يُجِيبَ، فَأَمَرَهُ بِالتَّجْرِيدِ وَلَبِسَ ثِيَابًا مِنْ شَعَرٍ، ثُمَّ جَلَدَهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ، وَحَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ وَلِحْيَتَهُ، وَوَقَفَ فَقَالَ: لَوْ كُنْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا هَذَا مَا نَزَعْتُ ثِيَابِي طَائِعًا، وَلَا أَجَبْتُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. قَالَ ضِمَامٌ: فَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ هِشَامَ بْنَ إِسْمَاعِيلَ كَانَ إِذَا خَطَبَ النَّاسَ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَيْهِ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ بِوَجْهِهِ مَا دَامَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- حَتَّى إِذَا رَفَعَ يَذْكُرُ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ وَيَمْدَحُهُ وَيَقُولُ فِيهِ مَا يَقُولُ أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ سَعِيدٌ بِوَجْهِهِ، فَلَمَّا فَطِنَ لَهُ هِشَامٌ أَمَرَ حَرَسِيًّا أَنْ يُخَصِّبَ وَجْهَهُ إِذَا تَحَوَّلَ عَنْهُ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ سَعِيدٌ لِهِشَامٍ وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَيْهِ: هِيَ ثَلَاثٌ نِحَلٍ. فَمَا مَرَّ بِهِ إِلَّا ثَلَاثَةٌ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى عُزِلَ هِشَامٌ. وعن الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَمِّي مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ لَا يُقْبِلُ بِوَجْهِهِ عَلَى هِشَامِ بْنِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِذَا خَطَبَ يَوْمَ الْجُمْعَةِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ هِشَامٌ بَعْضَ أَعْوَانِهِ يَعْطِفُهُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا خَطَبَ فَأَهْوَى الْعَوْنُ يَعْطِفُهُ فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ فَأَخَذَهُ حَتَّى عَطَفَهُ، فَصَاحَ سَعِيدٌ، يَا هِشَامٌ إِنَّمَا [هِيَ] أَرْبَعٌ بَعْدَ أَرْبَعٍ. فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ هِشَامٌ قَالَ: وَيَحْكُمُ جُنَّ سَعِيدٌ، فَسُئِلَ سَعِيدٌ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ أَرْبَعٌ بَعْدَ أَرْبَعٍ، سَمِعْتَ فِي ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا؟ قَالَ: لَا، فَقِيلَ: مَا أَرَدْتَ بِقَوْلِكَ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّ جَارِيَتِي لَمَّا أَرَدْتُ الْمَسْجِدَ، قَالَتْ لِي: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ رُؤْيَا فَلَا تَخْرُجُ حَتَّى أَقُصَّهَا عَلَيْكَ وَتَعْبُرُهَا لِي، رَأَيْتُ كَأَنَّ مُوسَى غَطَّسَ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ فِي الْبَحْرِ ثَلَاثَ غَطَسَاتٍ، فَمَاتَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ، فَأَوَّلْتُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ الْمَلِكِ مَاتَ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ مُوسَى بُعِثَ عَلَى الْجَبَّارِينَ بِقَتْلِهِمْ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ جَبَّارُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. قَالَ: فَلِمَ قُلْتَ أَرْبَعٌ بَعْدَ أَرْبَعٍ؟ قَالَ: مَسَافَةُ مَسِيرِ الرَّسُولِ مِنْ دِمَشْقَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ بِالْخَبَرِ. فَمَكَثُوا ثَمَانِيَ لَيَالٍ ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَسُولٌ بِمَوْتِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. تزويج بنت سعيد بن المسيب تَزْوِيجُ بِنْتُ سَعِيدٍ   عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ، قَالَ: كُنْتُ أُجَالِسُ سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ فَفَقَدَنِي أَيَّامًا، فَلَمَّا جِئْتُهُ، قَالَ: أَيْنَ كُنْتَ؟ قُلْتُ: تُوُفِّيَتْ أَهْلِي فَاشْتَغَلْتُ بِهَا، قَالَ: أَلَا أَخْبَرَتْنَا فَشَهِدْنَاهَا. قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَقُومَ فَقَالَ: هَلِ اسْتَحْدَثْتَ امْرَأَةً؟ فَقُلْتُ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، وَمَنْ يُزَوِّجُنِي وَمَا أَمْلِكُ إِلَّا دِرْهَمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً، فَقَالَ: أَنَا، فَقُلْتُ: أَوَ تَفْعَلُ؟ نَعَمْ، ثُمَّ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَصَلَّى عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَزَوَّجَنِي عَلَى دِرْهَمَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٍ. قَالَ: فَقُمْتُ وَمَا أَدْرِي [مَا أَصْنَعُ] مِنَ الْفَرَحِ، فَصِرْتُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِي وَجَعَلْتُ أَتَفَكَّرُ مِمَّنْ آخُذُ؟ وَمِمَّنْ أَسْتَدِينُ؟ فَصَلَّيْتُ الْمَغْرِبَ، وَكُنْتُ وَحْدِي، وَقَدَّمْتُ عَشَائِي أَفْطُرُ خُبْزًا وَزَيْتًا، فَإِذَا الْبَابُ يُقْرَعُ، فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالَ: سَعِيدٌ، قَالَ: فَأَفْكَرَتْ فِي كُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ اسْمُهُ سَعِيدٌ إِلَّا سَعِيدَ بْنَ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَمْ يُرَ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً إِلَّا بَيْنَ بَيْتِهِ وَالْمَسْجِدِ، فَقُمْتُ فَخَرَجْتُ، فَإِذَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ بَدَا لَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ أَلَا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيَّ فَآتِيكَ، قَالَ: لَا، أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تُؤْتَى، قُلْتُ: فَمَا تَأْمُرُ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّكَ كُنْتَ رَجُلًا عَزَبَا تَزَوَّجْتَ فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُبَيِّتَكَ اللَّيْلَةَ وَحْدَكَ، وَهَذِهِ امْرَأَتُكَ [قَالَ:] فَإِذَا هِيَ قَائِمَةٌ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ فِي طُولِهِ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ بِيَدِهَا فَدَفَعَهَا فِي الْبَابِ وَرَدَّ الْبَابِ، فَسُقِطَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الْحَيَاءِ، فَاسْتَوْثَقْتُ مِنَ الْبَابِ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمْتُهَا إِلَى الْقَصْعَةِ الَّتِي فِيهَا الزَّيْتُ وَالْخُبْزُ، فَوَضَعْتُهَا فِي ظِلِّ السِّرَاجِ لِكَيْلَا تَرَاهُ، ثُمَّ صَعِدْتُ إِلَى السَّطْحِ فَرَمَيْتُ الْجِيرَانَ فَجَاءُونِي، فَقَالُوا: مَا شَأْنُكَ؟ قُلْتُ: وَيْحَكُمْ، زَوَّجَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ بَنَتْهُ الْيَوْمَ وَقَدْ جَاءَ بِهَا عَلَى غَفْلَةٍ، فَقَالُوا: سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ زَوَّجَكَ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. وَهُوَ ذَا هِيَ فِي الدَّارِ. قَالَ: وَنَزَلُوا هُمْ إِلَيْهَا، وَبَلَغَ أُمِّي فَجَاءَتْ وَقَالَتْ: وَجْهِي مِنْ وَجْهِكَ حَرَامٌ إِنْ مَسَسْتَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أُصْلِحَهَا إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ. قَالَ: فَأَقَمْتُ ثَلَاثًا ثُمَّ دَخَلْتُ بِهَا، فَإِذَا هِيَ مِنْ أَجْمَلِ النَّاسِ، وَإِذَا هِيَ أَحْفَظُ النَّاسِ لِكِتَابِ اللَّهِ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- وَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِسُنَّةِ رَسُولِهِ، وَأَعْرَفُهُمْ بِحَقِّ زَوْجٍ. قَالَ: فَمَكَثْتُ شَهْرًا لَا يَأْتِينِي سَعِيدٌ وَلَا آتِيهِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ قُرْبَ الشَّهْرِ أَتَيْتُ سَعِيدًا وَهُوَ فِي حَلْقَتِهِ، فَسَلَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَرَدَّ عَلَيَّ السَّلَامَ وَلَمْ يُكَلِّمْنِي حَتَّى تَفَرَّقَ أَهْلُ الْمَجْلِسِ، فَلَمْ يَبْقَ غَيْرِي، قَالَ: مَا حَالُ ذَلِكَ الْإِنْسَانِ؟ قُلْتُ: خَيْرًا يَا أَبَا مُحَمَّدٍ عَلَى مَا يُحِبُّ الصَّدِيقُ وَيَكْرَهُ الْعَدُوُّ، فَقَالَ: إِنْ رَابَكَ شَيْءٌ فَالْعَصَا. فَانْصَرَفْتُ إِلَى مَنْزِلِي، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيَّ بِعِشْرِينَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ. وقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهُ: وَابْنُ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ هُوَ كَثِيرُ بْنُ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ أَبِي وَدَاعَةَ. قَالَ ابن الجوزي: وَكَانَ لِكَثِيرٍ هَذَا وَلَدٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ كَثِيرٌ أَيْضًا. رَوَى الْحَدِيثَ، وَكَانَ شَاعِرًا وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَقِبٌ. فَأَمَّا أَبُو وَدَاعَةَ فَاسْمُهُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ صُبَيْرَةَ بْنِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ سَهْمٍ. كَانَ قَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا مَعَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَأُسِرَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "تَمَسَّكُوا بِهِ فَإِنَّ لَهُ ابْنًا كَيِّسًا بِمَكَّةَ. فَخَرَجَ الْمُطَّلِبُ فَفَدَاهُ بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ. وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ أَسِيرٍ فُدِيَ، فَشَخَصَ النَّاسُ بَعْدَهُ فَفَدَوْا أَسْرَاهُمْ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ صُبَيْرَةُ قَدْ جَازَ الْأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً بِقَلِيلٍ ثُمَّ مَاتَ. وعَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ صَالِحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَنَّ النَّاسَ مَكَثُوا زَمَانًا وَمَنْ جَازَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ فِي السِّنِّ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً عَمَّرَ، فَجَازِهَا صُبَيْرَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ بِيَسِيرٍ، ثُمَّ مَاتَ فَجْأَةً، فَفَزِعَ لِذَلِكَ النَّاسُ، فَنَاحَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْجِنُّ، فَقَالَتْ: مِنْ يَأْمَنُ الْحَدَثَانِ بَعْدَ صُبَيْرَةَ الْقُرَشِيِّ مَاتَا     عَجِلَتْ مَنِيَّتُهُ الْمَشِيبَ فَكَانَ مَنِيَّتُهُ افْتِلَاتَا وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّ شَاعِرًا قَالَ: حُجَّاجَ بَيْتِ اللَّهِ إِنَّ     صُبَيْرَةِ الْقُرَشِيِّ مَاتَا سَبَقَتْ مُنْيَتُهُ الْمَشِيبَ     كَأَنَّ مِيتَتَهُ افْتِلَاتَا فَتَزَوَّدُوا لَا تَهْلَكُوا مِنْ     دُونِ أَهْلِكُمُ خِفَاتَا قَالَ ابن الجوزي رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ أَبَا وَدَاعَةَ أَسْلَمَ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ وَبَقِيَ إِلَى خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، وَأَسْلَمَ ابْنُهُ الْمُطَّلِبُ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ أَيْضًا. تُوفِي سَعِيدٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَرْبَعٍ وَثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: تُوُفِّيَ سعيد فِي سَنَةِ الْفُقَهَاءِ، وَهِيَ سَنَةُ أَرْبَعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ، عَنْ خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً. رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ. طَلْقُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ طَلْقُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ الْعَنَزِيُّ   تَابِعِيٌّ جَلِيلٌ، رَوَى عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَجَابِرٍ، وَابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَعَنْهُ حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، وَالْأَعْمَشُ وَطَاوُسٌ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَقْرَانِهِ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ فِي قِرَاءَتِهِ عَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَقَدْ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ، وَلَكِنْ تَكَلَّمُوا فِيهِ مِنْ جِهَةِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ بِالْإِرْجَاءِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ فِيمَنْ خَرَجَ مَعَ ابْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: اتَّقُوهَا بِالتَّقْوَى. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: صِفْ لَنَا التَّقْوَى. فَقَالَ: التَّقْوَى الْعَمَلُ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ عَلَى نُورٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ، رَجَاءَ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ، وَالتَّقْوَى تَرْكُ مَعَاصِي اللَّهِ، عَلَى نُورٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ; مَخَافَةَ عَذَابِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: إِنَّ حُقُوقَ اللَّهِ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يَقُومَ بِهَا الْعِبَادُ، وَإِنَّ نِعَمَهُ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ أَنْ تُحْصَى، وَلَكِنْ أَصْبِحُوا تَائِبِينَ، وَأَمْسُوا تَائِبِينَ. قَالَ مَالِكٌ: قَتَلَهُ الْحَجَّاجُ وَجَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْقُرَّاءِ مِنْهُمْ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِيمَا سَبَقَ أَنَّ خَالِدَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيَّ بَعَثَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ ثَلَاثَةً إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ، وَهُمْ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَسَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ، وَطَلْقُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، فَمَاتَ طَلْقٌ فِي الطَّرِيقِ، وَحُبِسَ مُجَاهِدٌ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ سَعِيدٍ مَا كَانَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. عروة بن الزبير عُرْوَةُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ،  الْقُرَشِيُّ الْأَسَدِيُّ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْمَدَنِيُّ تَابِعِيٌّ جَلِيلٌ، رَوَى عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَنِ الْعَبَادِلَةِ، وَمُعَاوِيَةَ، وَالْمُغِيرَةِ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأُمِّهِ أَسْمَاءَ، وَخَالَتِهِ عَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَعَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ، وَخَلْقٌ مِمَّنْ سِوَاهُمْ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: كَانَ عُرْوَةُ ثِقَةً، كَثِيرَ الْحَدِيثِ، عَالِمًا مَأْمُونًا ثَبَتًا. وَقَالَ الْعِجْلِيُّ: مَدَّنِيٌّ، تَابِعِيٌّ، رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ، لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْفِتَنِ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: كَانَ فَقِيهًا، عَالِمًا، حَافِظًا، ثَبَتًا، حُجَّةً، عَالِمًا بِالسِّيَرِ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ صَنَّفَ الْمَغَازِيَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ فُقَهَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ الْمَعْدُودِينَ، وَلَقَدْ كَانَ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَسْأَلُونَهُ، وَكَانَ أَرْوَى النَّاسِ لِلشِّعْرِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ: الْعِلْمُ لِوَاحِدٍ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ: لِذِي حَسَبٍ يُزَيِّنُهُ بِهِ، أَوْ ذِي دِينٍ يَسُوسُ بِهِ دِينَهُ، أَوْ مُخْتَلِطٍ بِسُلْطَانٍ يُتْحِفُهُ بِعِلْمِهِ. وَقَالَ: وَلَا أَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا أَشْرَطَ لِهَذِهِ الْخِصَالِ الثَّلَاثِ إِلَّا عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَعُمَرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ. وَكَانَ عُرْوَةُ يَقْرَأُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ رُبْعَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَيَقُومُ بِهِ فِي اللَّيْلِ. وَكَانَ أَيَّامَ الرُّطَبِ يَثْلِمُ حَائِطَهُ، ثُمَّ يَأْذَنُ لِلنَّاسِ، فَيَدْخُلُونَ فَيَأْكُلُونَ وَيَحْمِلُونَ، فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الرُّطَبُ أَعَادَهُ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: كَانَ عُرْوَةُ بَحْرًا لَا يُنْزَفُ، وَقَالَ مَرَّةً: كَانَ بَحْرًا لَا تُكَدِّرُهُ الدِّلَاءُ. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ: مَا أَحَدٌ أَعْلَمُ مِنْ عُرْوَةَ، وَمَا أَعْلَمُهُ يَعْلَمُ شَيْئًا أَجْهَلُهُ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ فِي فُقَهَاءِ الْمَدِينَةِ السَّبْعَةِ الَّذِينَ يُنْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ. وَكَانَ مِنْ جُمْلَةِ الْفُقَهَاءِ الْعَشَرَةِ الَّذِينَ كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ فِي زَمَنِ وِلَايَتِهِ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ أَنَّهُ وَفَدَ عَلَى الْوَلِيدِ بِدِمَشْقَ، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ أَصَابَتْهُ فِي رِجْلِهِ الْأَكِلَةُ، فَأَرَادُوا قَطْعَهَا، فَعَرَضُوا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَشْرَبَ شَيْئًا يُغَيِّبُ عَقْلَهُ، حَتَّى لَا يَحِسَّ بِالْأَلَمِ، وَيَتَمَكَّنُوا مِنْ قَطْعِهَا، فَقَالَ: مَا ظَنَنْتُ أَنَّ أَحَدًا يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ يَشْرَبُ شَيْئًا يُغَيِّبُ عَقْلَهُ حَتَّى لَا يَعْرِفَ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَلَكِنْ هَلُمُّوا فَاقْطَعُوهَا. فَقَطَعُوهَا مِنْ رُكْبَتِهِ وَهُوَ صَامِتٌ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ، وَلَا يُسْمَعُ لَهُ حِسٌّ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُمْ قَطَعُوهَا وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ فَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ لِشُغْلِهِ بِالصَّلَاةِ. فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَوَقَعَ فِي هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي قُطِعَتْ فِيهَا رِجْلُهُ وَلَدٌ لَهُ يُسَمَّى مُحَمَّدًا كَانَ أَحَبَّ أَوْلَادِهِ مِنْ سَطْحٍ فَمَاتَ، فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ فَعَزَّوْهُ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ الْحَمْدُ، كَانُوا سَبْعَةً فَأَخَذْتَ وَاحِدًا، وَأَبْقَيْتَ سِتَّةً، وَكُنَّ أَطْرَافًا أَرْبَعًا، فَأَخَذْتَ وَاحِدَةً، وَأَبْقَيْتَ ثَلَاثًا، فَلَئِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ أَخَذْتَ فَلَقَدْ أَعْطَيْتَ، وَلَئِنْ كُنْتَ قَدِ ابْتَلَيْتَ فَلَقَدْ عَافَيْتَ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ لَمَّا رَأَى الْمَقْطُوعَةَ فِي الطَّسْتِ، قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ أَنِّي مَا مَشَيْتُ بِهَا إِلَى مَعْصِيَةٍ قَطُّ. قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ وُلِدَ فِي حَيَاةِ عُمَرَ. وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ وُلِدَ بَعْدَ عُمَرَ فِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَكَانَتْ وَفَاتُهُ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ عَلَى الْمَشْهُورِ، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ تِسْعِينَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ مِائَةٍ. وَقِيلَ: إِحْدَى وَتِسْعِينَ. وَقِيلَ: إِحْدَى وَمِائَةٍ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ أَوْ أَرْبَعٍ، أَوْ خَمْسٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. علي بن الحسين بن أبي طالب عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ،  الْقُرَشِيُّ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، الْمَشْهُورُ بِزَيْنِ الْعَابِدِينَ وَأُمُّهُ أَمُّ وَلَدٍ اسْمُهَا سَلَّامَةُ، وَكَانَ لَهُ أَخٌ أَكْبَرُ مِنْهُ يُقَالُ لَهُ: عَلِيٌّ أَيْضًا، قُتِلَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ، رَوَى عَلِيٌّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ، وَعَمِّهِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَجَابِرٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَصَفِيَّةَ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. وَعَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ، مِنْهُمْ بَنُوهُ: زَيْدٌ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَعُمَرُ، وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْبَاقِرُ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، وَطَاوُسٌ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَقْرَانِهِ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ، وَيَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَقْرَانِهِ، وَخَلْقٌ. قَالَ الْقَاضِي ابْنُ خَلِّكَانَ: كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ سَلَّامَةَ بِنْتَ يَزْدَجِرْدَ آخِرِ مُلُوكِ الْفُرْسِ. وَذَكَرَ الزَّمَخْشَرِيُّ فِي " رَبِيعِ الْأَبْرَارِ ": أَنَّ يَزْدَجِرْدَ كَانَ لَهُ ثَلَاثُ بَنَاتٍ سُبِينَ فِي زَمَنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَحَصَلَتْ وَاحِدَةٌ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ فَأَوْلَدَهَا سَالِمًا، وَالْأُخْرَى لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فَأَوْلَدَهَا الْقَاسِمَ، وَالْأُخْرَى لِلْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ فَأَوْلَدَهَا عَلِيًّا زَيْنَ الْعَابِدِينَ هَذَا، فَكُلُّهُمْ بَنُو خَالَةٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ خَلِّكَانَ: وَلَمَّا قَتَلَ قُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ فَيْرُوزَ بْنَ يَزْدَجِرْدَ بَعَثَ بِابْنَتَيْهِ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ فَأَخَذَ إِحْدَاهُمَا، وَبَعَثَ بِالْأُخْرَى إِلَى الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَأَوْلَدَهَا الْوَلِيدُ يَزِيدَ النَّاقِصَ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ فِي كِتَابِ " الْمَعَارِفِ " ; أَنَّ زَيْنَ الْعَابِدِينَ هَذَا كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ سِنْدِيَّةً، يُقَالُ لَهَا: سَلَّامَةُ. وَيُقَالُ: غَزَالَةُ. وَكَانَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ بِكَرْبَلَاءَ، فَاسْتُبْقِيَ لِصِغَرِهِ، وَقِيلَ: لِمَرَضِهِ. فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ ابْنَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ هَمَّ بِقَتْلِهِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ، ثُمَّ صَرَفَهُ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ. وَأَشَارَ بَعْضُ الْفَجَرَةِ عَلَى يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بِقَتْلِهِ أَيْضًا، فَمَنَعَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ، ثُمَّ كَانَ يَزِيدُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يُكْرِمُهُ وَيُعَظِّمُهُ، وَيُجْلِسُهُ مَعَهُ، وَلَا يَأْكُلُ إِلَّا وَهُوَ عِنْدَهُ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَهُمْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مُكَرَّمِينَ، وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مُحْتَرَمًا مُعَظَّمًا. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ: وَمَسْجِدُهُ بِدِمَشْقَ الْمَنْسُوبُ إِلَيْهِ مَعْرُوفٌ. قُلْتُ: وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُقَالُ لَهُ: مَشْهَدُ عَلِيٍّ شَرْقِيَّ جَامِعِ دِمَشْقَ، وَقَدِ اسْتَقْدَمَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى إِلَى دِمَشْقَ فَاسْتَشَارَهُ فِي جَوَابِ مَلِكِ الرُّومِ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَا كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِيهِ مِنْ أَمْرِ السَّكَّةِ وَطِرَازِ الْقَرَاطِيسِ. قَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: مَا رَأَيْتُ قُرَشِيًّا أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ يَوْمَ قُتِلَ ابْنَ ثَلَاثٍ وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، وَهُوَ مَرِيضٌ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: لَا تَعَرَّضُوا لِهَذَا الْمَرِيضِ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: كَانَ مِنْ أَوْرَعِ النَّاسِ، وَأَعْبَدِهِمْ، وَأَتْقَاهُمْ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَكَانَ إِذَا مَشَى لَا يَخْطُرُ بِيَدِهِ، وَكَانَ يَعْتَمُّ بِعِمَامَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ يُرْخِيهَا مِنْ وَرَائِهِ، وَكَانَ كُنْيَتَهُ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ، وَقِيلَ: أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ. وَقِيلَ: أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: كَانَ ثِقَةً مَأْمُونًا، كَثِيرَ الْحَدِيثِ، عَالِيًا، رَفِيعًا وَرِعًا. وَأُمُّهُ غَزَالَةُ خَلَفَ عَلَيْهَا بَعْدَ الْحُسَيْنِ مَوْلَاهُ زُبَيْدٌ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ زُبَيْدٍ. وَهُوَ عَلِيٌّ الْأَصْغَرُ، فَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ الْأَكْبَرُ فَقُتِلَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ، وَكَذَا قَالَ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ أَسْلَمَ، وَمَالِكٌ، وَأَبُو حَازِمٍ: لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ مِثْلُهُ. وَقَالَ يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ وَهُوَ أَفْضَلُ هَاشِمِيٍّ أَدْرَكْتُهُ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَحِبُّونَا حُبَّ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَمَا بَرِحَ بِنَا حُبُّكُمْ حَتَّى صَارَ عَلَيْنَا عَارًا. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: حَتَّى بَغَّضْتُمُونَا إِلَى النَّاسِ. وَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ: لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْحُسَيْنِ عَقِبٌ إِلَّا مِنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ نَسْلٌ إِلَّا مِنَ ابْنَةِ عَمِّهِ الْحَسَنِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ الْحَكَمِ: لَوِ اتَّخَذْتَ السِّرَارِيَّ حَتَّى يَكْثُرَ أَوْلَادُكُ. فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ لِي مَا أَتَسَرَّى بِهِ. فَأَقْرَضَهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ، فَاشْتَرَى لَهُ السِّرَارِيَّ، فَوَلَدْنَ لَهُ، وَكَثُرَ نَسْلُهُ، ثُمَّ لَمَّا مَرِضَ مَرْوَانُ أَوْصَى أَنْ لَا يُؤْخَذَ مِنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ مَا كَانَ أَقْرَضَهُ، فَجَمِيعُ الْحُسَيْنِيِّينَ مِنْ نَسْلِهِ. ؓ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ: أَصَحُّ الْأَسَانِيدِ كُلِّهَا الزُّهْرِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ احْتَرَقَ الْبَيْتُ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ وَهُوَ قَائِمٌ يُصَلِّي، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالُوا لَهُ: مَا لَكَ لَمْ تَنْصَرِفْ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي اشْتَغَلْتُ عَنْ هَذِهِ النَّارِ بِالنَّارِ الْأُخْرَى. وَكَانَ إِذَا تَوَضَّأَ يَصْفَرُّ لَوْنُهُ، فَإِذَا قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ ارْتَعَدَ مِنَ الْفَرَقِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: أَلَا تَدْرُونَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ مَنْ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَقُومَ وَلِمَنْ أُنَاجِي؟ وَلَمَّا حَجَّ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُلَبِّيَ، فَارْتَعَدَ وَقَالَ: أَخْشَى أَنْ أَقُولَ لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ. فَيَقُولُ لِي: لَا لَبَّيْكَ. فَشَجَّعُوهُ، وَقَالُوا: لَا بُدَّ مِنَ التَّلْبِيَةِ؟ فَلَمَّا لَبَّى غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى سَقَطَ عَنِ الرَّاحِلَةِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ. وَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ: سَمِعْتُهُ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ عِنْدَ الْحِجْرِ يَقُولُ: عُبَيْدُكَ بِفِنَائِكَ، مِسْكِينُكَ بِفِنَائِكَ، سَائِلُكَ بِفِنَائِكَ، فَقِيرُكَ بِفِنَائِكَ. قَالَ طَاوُسٌ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا دَعَوْتُ بِهَا فِي كَرْبٍ قَطُّ إِلَّا كُشِفَ عَنِّي، وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ كَانَ كَثِيرَ الصَّدَقَةِ بِاللَّيْلِ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: صَدَقَةُ اللَّيْلِ تُطْفِئُ غَضَبَ الرَّبِّ. وَأَنَّهُ قَاسَمَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَالَهُ مَرَّتَيْنِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: كَانَ نَاسٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ يَعِيشُونَ، لَا يَدْرُونَ مِنْ أَيْنَ يَعِيشُونَ وَمَنْ يُعْطِيهِمْ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ فَقَدُوا ذَلِكَ، فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ هُوَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَأْتِيهِمْ فِي اللَّيْلِ بِمَا يَأْتِيهِمْ بِهِ. وَلَمَّا مَاتَ وَجَدُوا فِي ظَهْرِهِ وَأَكْتَافِهِ أَثَرَ حَمْلِ الْجُرْبِ إِلَى بُيُوتِ الْأَرَامِلِ وَالْمَسَاكِينِ فِي اللَّيْلِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ يَعُولُ مِائَةَ أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَلَا يَدْرُونَ بِذَلِكَ حَتَّى مَاتَ. وَدَخَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ عَلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ يَعُودُهُ، فَبَكَى ابْنُ أُسَامَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ؟ قَالَ: عَلَيَّ دَيْنٌ. قَالَ: وَكَمْ هُوَ؟ قَالَ: خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ سَبْعَةَ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِينَارٍ فَقَالَ: هِيَ عَلَيَّ. وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَعُمَرُ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَيَاتِهِ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِمَا مِنْهُ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ. وَنَالَ مِنْهُ رَجُلٌ يَوْمًا فَجَعَلَ يَتَغَافَلُ عَنْهُ يُرِيهِ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ: إِيَّاكَ أَعْنِي. فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: وَعَنْكَ أُغْضِي. وَخَرَجَ يَوْمًا مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَسَبَّهُ رَجُلٌ، فَابْتَدَرَ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: دَعُوهُ. ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَا سُتِرَ عَنْكَ مِنْ أَمْرِنَا أَكْثَرُ، أَلَكَ حَاجَةٌ نُعِينُكَ عَلَيْهَا؟ فَاسْتَحْيَا الرَّجُلُ، فَأَلْقَى إِلَيْهِ خَمِيصَةً كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَمَرَ لَهُ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ، فَكَانَ الرَّجُلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَقُولُ: أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ مِنْ أَوْلَادِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ. قَالُوا: وَاخْتَصَمَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ وَحَسَنُ بْنُ حَسَنٍ وَكَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَافَسَةٌ فَنَالَ مِنْهُ حَسَنُ بْنُ حَسَنٍ، وَهُوَ سَاكِتٌ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ اللَّيْلُ ذَهَبَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ إِلَى مَنْزِلِهِ، فَقَالَ: يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ، إِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقًا يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لِي، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ كَاذِبًا يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكَ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ. ثُمَّ رَجَعَ، فَلَحِقَهُ فَصَالَحَهُ. وَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَنْ أَعْظَمُ النَّاسِ خَطَرًا؟ فَقَالَ: مَنْ لَمْ يَرْضَ الدُّنْيَا لِنَفْسِهِ خَطَرَا. وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: الْفِكْرَةُ مِرْآةٌ تُرِي الْمُؤْمِنَ حَسَنَاتِهِ وَسَيِّئَاتِهِ. وَقَالَ: فَقْدُ الْأَحِبَّةِ غُرْبَةٌ. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: إِنَّ قَوْمًا عَبَدُوا اللَّهَ رَهْبَةً، فَتِلْكَ عِبَادَةُ الْعَبِيدِ، وَآخَرُونَ عَبَدُوهُ رَغْبَةً فَتِلْكَ عِبَادَةُ التُّجَّارِ، وَآخَرُونَ عَبَدُوهُ مَحَبَّةً وَشُكْرًا، فَتِلْكَ عِبَادَةُ الْأَحْرَارِ الْأَخْيَارِ. وَقَالَ لِابْنِهِ: يَا بُنَيَّ، لَا تَصْحَبْ فَاسِقًا; فَإِنَّهُ يَبِيعُكَ بِأَكْلَةٍ وَأَقَلَّ مِنْهَا، يَطْمَعُ فِيهَا ثُمَّ لَا يَنَالُهَا، وَلَا بَخِيلًا; فَإِنَّهُ يَخْذُلُكَ فِي مَالِهِ أَحْوَجَ مَا تَكُونُ إِلَيْهِ، وَلَا كَذَّابًا; فَإِنَّهُ كَالسَّرَابِ يُقَرِّبُ مِنْكَ الْبَعِيدَ وَيُبَاعِدُ عَنْكَ الْقَرِيبَ، وَلَا أَحْمَقَ; فَإِنَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْفَعَكَ فَيَضُرُّكَ، وَلَا قَاطِعَ رَحِمٍ; فَإِنَّهُ مَلْعُونٌ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَهَلْ عَسَيْتُمْ إِنْ تَوَلَّيْتُمْ أَنْ تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَتُقَطِّعُوا أَرْحَامَكُمْ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَأَصَمَّهُمْ وَأَعْمَى أَبْصَارَهُمْ ( مُحَمَّدٍ: 22 ). وَكَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ إِذَا دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ تَخَطَّى النَّاسَ حَتَّى يَجْلِسَ فِي حَلْقَةِ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ نَافِعُ بْنُ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ: غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ، أَنْتَ سَيِّدُ النَّاسِ تَأْتِي تَخَطَّى حَتَّى تَجْلِسَ مَعَ هَذَا الْعَبْدِ الْأَسْوَدِ؟ فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ: إِنَّمَا يَجْلِسُ الرَّجُلُ حَيْثُ يَنْتَفِعُ، وَإِنَّ الْعِلْمَ يُبْتَغَى وَيُؤْتَى، وَيُطْلَبُ مِنْ حَيْثُ كَانَ. وَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ: أَتَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَجْمَعَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ؟ فَقُلْتُ: مَا تَصْنَعُ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْأَلَهُ عَنْ أَشْيَاءَ يَنْفَعُنَا اللَّهُ بِهَا، إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ عِنْدَنَا مَا يَرْمِينَا بِهِ هَؤُلَاءِ. وَأَشَارَ بِيَدِهِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ رَزِينِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، فَأَتَى عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مَرْحَبًا بِالْحَبِيبِ ابْنِ الْحَبِيبِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى الصُّولِيُّ بسنده عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: كُنَّا عِنْدَ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ فَقَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، فَضَمَّهُ إِلَيْهِ وَقَبَّلَهُ وَأَقْعَدَهُ إِلَى جَنْبِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يُولَدُ لِابْنِي هَذَا ابْنٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ، إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ نَادَى مُنَادٍ مِنْ بُطْنَانِ الْعَرْشِ: لِيَقُمْ سَيِّدُ الْعَابِدِينَ، فَيَقُومُ هُوَ. هَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ جِدًّا، أَوْرَدَهُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: كَانَ أَكْثَرُ مُجَالَسَتِي مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَفْقَهَ مِنْهُ، وَكَانَ قَلِيلَ الْحَدِيثِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ وَأَحْسَنِهِمْ طَاعَةً، وَأَحَبِّهِمْ إِلَى مَرْوَانَ، وَابْنِهِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، وَكَانَ يُسَمِّيهِ: زَيْنَ الْعَابِدِينَ. وَقَالَ جُوَيْرِيَّةُ بْنُ أَسْمَاءَ: مَا أَكَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بِقَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ دِرْهَمًا قَطُّ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَرَضِيَ عَنْهُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ بسنده عَنِ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، قَالَ: بَعَثَ الْمُخْتَارُ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا، وَخَافَ أَنْ يَرُدَّهَا، فَاحْتَبَسَهَا عِنْدَهُ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ الْمُخْتَارُ كَتَبَ إِلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ: إِنَّ الْمُخْتَارَ بَعَثَ إِلَيَّ بِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَقْبَلَهَا، وَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أَرُدَّهَا، فَابْعَثْ مَنْ يَقْبِضُهَا. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ: يَا ابْنَ عَمٍّ، خُذْهَا فَقَدْ طَيَّبْتُهَا لَكَ. فَقَبِلَهَا. وَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ: سَادَةُ النَّاسِ فِي الدُّنْيَا الْأَسْخِيَاءُ الْأَتْقِيَاءُ، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ أَهْلُ الدِّينِ وَأَهْلُ الْفَضْلِ وَالْعِلْمِ ; لِأَنَّ الْعُلَمَاءَ وَرَثَةُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ. وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: إِنِّي لَأَسْتَحِي مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَنْ أَرَى الْأَخَ مِنْ إِخْوَانِي، فَأَسْأَلَ اللَّهَ لَهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَأَبْخَلَ عَلَيْهِ بِالدُّنْيَا، فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ قِيلَ لِي: لَوْ كَانَتِ الْجَنَّةُ بِيَدِكَ لَكُنْتَ بِهَا أَبْخَلَ وَأَبْخَلَ وَأَبْخَلَ. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ كَانَ كَثِيرَ الْبُكَاءِ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ يَعْقُوبَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، بَكَى حَتَّى ابْيَضَّتْ عَيْنَاهُ عَلَى يُوسُفَ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ، وَإِنِّي رَأَيْتُ بِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِي يُذْبَحُونَ فِي غَدَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، أَفَتَرَوْنَ حُزْنَهُمْ يَذْهَبُ مِنْ قَلْبِي أَبَدًا؟! وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: سَكَبَتْ جَارِيَةٌ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَلَيْهِ مَاءً لِيَتَوَضَّأَ، فَسَقَطَ الْإِبْرِيقُ مِنْ يَدِهَا عَلَى وَجْهِهِ فَشَجَّهُ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ إِلَيْهَا، فَقَالَتِ الْجَارِيَةُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: وَالْكَاظِمِينَ الْغَيْظَ فَقَالَ: قَدْ كَظَمْتُ غَيْظِي. قَالَتْ: وَالْعَافِينَ عَنِ النَّاسِ. فَقَالَ: قَدْ عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكِ. فَقَالَتْ: وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَ ( آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 134 ). قَالَ: فَاذْهَبِي، أَنْتِ حُرَّةٌ. وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ بسنده عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: جَلَسَ إِلَيَّ قَوْمٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَذَكَرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ، فَنَالُوا مِنْهُمَا، ثُمَّ ابْتَدَءُوا فِي عُثْمَانَ، فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: أَخْبِرُونِي، أَنْتُمْ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُخْرِجُوا مِنْ دِيارِهِمْ وَإِلَى قَوْلِهِ: أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الصَّادِقُونَ ( الْحَشْرِ: 8 ) ؟ قَالُوا: لَا، لَسْنَا مِنْهُمْ. قُلْتُ: فَأَنْتُمْ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَالَّذِينَ تَبَوَّءُوا الدَّارَ وَالْإِيمَانَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ يُحِبُّونَ مَنْ هَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمْ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ ( الْحَشْرِ: 9 ). قَالُوا: لَا، لَسْنَا مِنْهُمْ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ: أَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَقَدَ تَبَرَّأْتُمْ وَأَقْرَرْتُمْ وَشَهِدْتُمْ أَنْ تَكُونُوا مِنْهُمْ، وَأَنَا أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكُمْ لَسْتُمْ مِنَ الْفِرْقَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ، الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ: وَالَّذِينَ جَاءُوا مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ يَقُولُونَ رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لَنَا وَلِإِخْوَانِنَا الَّذِينَ سَبَقُونَا بِالْإِيمَانِ وَلَا تَجْعَلْ فِي قُلُوبِنَا غِلًّا لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا إِنَّكَ رَءُوفٌ رَحِيمٌ ( الْحَشْرِ: 10 ) قُومُوا عَنِّي، لَا بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِيكُمْ، وَلَا قَرَّبَ دُورَكُمْ، أَنْتُمْ مُسْتَهْزِئُونَ بِالْإِسْلَامِ، وَلَسْتُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ. وَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ: مَتَى يُبْعَثُ عَلِيٌّ؟ فَقَالَ: يُبْعَثُ وَاللَّهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، وَتَهُمُّهُ نَفْسُهُ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا: بسنده عَنْ أَبِي حَمْزَةَ الثُّمَالِيِّ، أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ كَانَ إِذَا خَرَجَ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَتَصَدَّقُ الْيَوْمَ أَوْ أَهَبُ عِرْضِي الْيَوْمَ مَنِ اسْتَحَلَّهُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا أَنَّ غُلَامًا سَقَطَ مِنْ يَدِهِ سَفُّودٌ، وَهُوَ يَشْوِي شَيْئًا فِي التَّنُّورِ عَلَى رَأْسِ صَبِيٍّ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَنَهَضَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ مُسْرِعًا، فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ لِلْغُلَامِ: يَا بُنَيَّ، إِنَّكَ لَمْ تَتَعَمَّدْ أَنْتَ حُرٌّ. ثُمَّ شَرَعَ فِي جَهَازِ ابْنِهِ. وَقَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: سَمِعْتُ سُفْيَانَ يَقُولُ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ يَقُولُ: مَا يَسُرُّنِي أَنَّ لِي بِنَصِيبِي مِنَ الذُّلِّ حُمْرَ النَّعَمِ. وَمَاتَ لِرَجُلٍ وَلَدٌ مُسْرِفٌ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ، فَجَزِعَ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْلِ إِسْرَافِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ إِنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ ابْنِكَ خِلَالًا ثَلَاثًا: شَهَادَةَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَشَفَاعَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، وَرَحْمَةَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وَقَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: قَارَفَ الزُّهْرِيُّ ذَنْبًا، فَاسْتَوْحَشَ مِنْهُ، وَهَامَ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ، وَتَرَكَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعَ بِعَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ قَالَ لَهُ: يَا زُهْرِيُّ، قُنُوطُكَ مِنْ رَحْمَةِ اللَّهِ الَّتِي وَسِعَتْ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ ذَنْبِكِ. فَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَصَابَ دَمًا خَطَأً، فَأَمَرَهُ عَلِيٌّ بِالتَّوْبَةِ وَالِاسْتِغْفَارِ، وَأَنْ يَبْعَثَ الدِّيَةَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ. وَكَانَ الزُّهْرِيُّ يَقُولُ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ أَعْظَمُ النَّاسِ عَلَيَّ مِنَّةً. وَقَالَ سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ: كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ يَقُولُ: لَا يَقُولُ رَجُلٌ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْخَيْرِ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ إِلَّا أَوْشَكَ أَنْ يَقُولَ فِيهِ مِنَ الشَّرِّ مَا لَا يَعْلَمُ، وَمَا اصْطَحَبَ اثْنَانِ عَلَى مَعْصِيَةٍ إِلَّا أَوْشَكَ أَنْ يَفْتَرِقَا عَلَى غَيْرِ طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ. وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّهُ زَوَّجَ ابْنَةً مِنْ مَوْلًى لَهُ، وَأَعْتَقَ أَمَةً فَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ يَلُومُهُ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ وَقَدْ أَعْتَقَ صَفِيَّةَ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا، وَزَوَّجَ مَوْلَاهُ زَيْدَ بْنَ حَارِثَةَ مِنِ ابْنَةِ عَمَّتِهِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ. قَالُوا: وَكَانَ يَلْبَسُ فِي الشِّتَاءِ خَمِيصَةً مِنْ خَزٍّ بِخَمْسِينَ دِينَارًا، فَإِذَا جَاءَ الصَّيْفُ تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا، وَيَلْبَسُ فِي الصَّيْفِ الثِّيَابَ الْمُرَقَّعَةَ وَدُونَهَا، وَيَتْلُو قَوْلَهُ تَعَالَى: قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِينَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَ لِعِبَادِهِ وَالطَّيِّبَاتِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ ( الْأَعْرَافِ: 32 ). وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ طُرُقٍ ذَكَرَهَا الصُّولِيُّ وَالْجُرَيْرِيُّ وَغَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ، أَنَّ هِشَامَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ حَجَّ فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِيهِ أَوْ أَخِيهِ الْوَلِيدِ فَطَافَ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَلِمَ الْحَجَرَ لَمْ يَتَمَكَّنْ حَتَّى نُصِبَ لَهُ مِنْبَرٌ، فَاسْتَلَمَ وَجَلَسَ عَلَيْهِ، وَقَامَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ حَوْلَهُ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُوَ كَذَلِكَ إِذْ أَقْبَلَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا مِنَ الْحَجَرِ; لِيَسْتَلِمَهُ تَنَحَّى عَنْهُ النَّاسُ إِجْلَالًا لَهُ وَهِيبَةً وَاحْتِرَامًا، وَهُوَ فِي بِزَّةٍ حَسَنَةٍ، وَشَكْلٍ مَلِيحٍ، فَقَالَ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ لِهِشَامٍ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ فَقَالَ: لَا أَعْرِفُهُ. لِئَلَّا يَرْغَبَ فِيهِ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ. فَقَالَ الْفَرَزْدَقُ وَكَانَ حَاضِرًا: أَنَا أَعْرِفُهُ. فَقَالُوا: وَمَنْ هُوَ؟ فَأَنْشَأَ الْفَرَزْدَقُ يَقُولُ: هَذَا الَّذِي تَعْرِفُ الْبَطْحَاءُ وَطْأَتَهُ     وَالْبَيْتُ يَعْرِفُهُ وَالْحِلُّ وَالْحَرَمُ هَذَا ابْنُ خَيْرِ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ كُلِّهِمُ     هَذَا التَّقِيُّ النَّقِيُّ الطَّاهِرُ الْعَلَمُ إِذَا رَأَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ قَالَ قَائِلُهَا     إِلَى مَكَارِمِ هَذَا يَنْتَهِي الْكَرَمُ يُنْمَى إِلَى ذُرْوَةِ الْعِزِّ الَّتِي قَصُرَتْ     عَنْ نَيْلِهَا عَرَبُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَالْعَجَمُ يَكَادُ يُمْسِكُهُ عِرْفَانَ رَاحَتِهِ     رُكْنُ الْحَطِيمِ إِذَا مَا جَاءَ يَسْتَلِمُ يُغْضِي حَيَاءً وَيُغْضَى مِنْ مَهَابَتِهِ     فَمَا يُكَلَّمُ إِلَّا حِينَ يَبْتَسِمُ بِكَفِّهِ خَيْزُرَانٌ رِيحُهَا عَبِقٌ     مِنْ كَفِّ أَرْوَعَ فِي عِرْنِينِهِ شَمَمُ مُشْتَقَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ نَبْعَتُهُ     طَابَتْ عَنَاصِرُهَا وَالْخِيمُ وَالشِّيَمُ يَنْجَابُ نُورُ الْهُدَى مِنْ نُورِ غُرَّتِهِ     كَالشَّمْسِ يَنْجَابُ عَنْ إِشْرَاقِهَا الْقَتَمُ حَمَّالُ أَثْقَالِ أَقْوَامٍ إِذَا فُدِحُوَا     حُلْوُ الشَّمَائِلِ تَحْلُو عِنْدَهُ نَعَمُ هَذَا ابْنُ فَاطِمَةٍ إِنْ كُنْتَ جَاهِلَهُ     بِجَدِّهِ أَنْبِيَاءُ اللَّهِ قَدْ خُتِمُوا اللَّهُ فَضَّلَهُ قِدْمًا وَشَرَّفَهُ     جَرَى بِذَاكَ لَهُ فِي لَوْحِهِ الْقَلَمُ مَنْ جَدُّهُ دَانَ فَضْلُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَهُ     وَفَضْلُ أُمَّتِهِ دَانَتْ لَهَا الْأُمَمُ عَمَّ الْبَرِّيَّةَ بِالْإِحْسَانِ فَانْقَشَعَتْ     عَنْهَا الْغَيَابَةُ وَالْإِمْلَاقُ وَالظُّلَمُ كِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ غِيَاثٌ عَمَّ نَفْعُهُمَا     يَسْتَوْكِفَانِ وَلَا يَعْرُوهُمَا الْعَدَمُ سَهْلُ الْخَلِيقَةِ لَا تُخْشَى بَوَادِرُهُ     يَزِينُهُ اثْنَانِ حُسْنُ الْخُلْقِ وَالْكَرَمُ لَا يُخْلِفُ الْوَعْدَ مَيْمُونٌ نَقِيبَتُهُ     رَحْبُ الْفِنَاءِ أَرِيبٌ حِينَ يَعْتَزِمُ مِنْ مَعْشَرٍ حُبُّهُمْ دِينٌ وَبُغْضُهُمُ     كَفْرٌ وَقُرْبُهُمْ مَنْجَى وَمُعْتَصَمُ يُسْتَدْفَعُ السُّوءُ وَالْبَلْوَى بِحُبِّهِمُ     وَيُسْتَرَبُّ بِهِ الْإِحْسَانُ وَالنِّعَمُ مُقَدَّمٌ بَعْدَ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ذِكْرُهُمُ     فِي كُلِّ حُكْمٍ وَمَخْتُومٌ بِهِ الْكَلِمُ إِنْ عُدَّ أَهْلُ التُّقَى كَانُوا أَئِمَّتَهُمْ     أَوْ قِيلَ مَنْ خَيْرُ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ قِيلَ هُمُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ جَوَادٌ بُعْدَ غَايَتِهِمْ     وَلَا يُدَانِيهِمُ قَوْمٌ وَإِنْ كَرُمُوا هُمُ الْغُيُوثُ إِذَا مَا أَزْمَةٌ أَزَمَتْ     وَالْأُسْدُ أُسْدُ الشَّرَى وَالْبَأْسُ مُحْتَدِمُ يَأْبَى لَهُمْ أَنْ يَحِلَّ الذَّمُّ سَاحَتَهُمْ     خِيمٌ كَرِيمٌ وَأَيْدٍ بِالنَّدَى هُضُمُ لَا يَنْقُصُ الْعُسْرُ بَسْطًا مِنْ أَكُفِّهِمُ     سِيَّانَ ذَلِكَ إِنْ أَثْرَوْا وَإِنْ عَدِمُوا أَيُّ الْخَلَائِقِ لَيْسَتْ فِي رِقَابِهِمُ     لِأَوَّلِيَّةِ هَذَا أَوْ لَهُ نِعَمُ فَلَيْسَ قَوْلُكَ " مَنْ هَذَا؟ " بِضَائِرِهِ     الْعُرْبُ تَعْرِفُ مَنْ أَنْكَرْتَ وَالْعَجَمُ مَنْ يَعْرِفِ اللَّهَ يَعْرِفْ أَوَّلِيَّةَ ذَا     فَالدِّينُ مِنْ بَيْتِ هَذَا نَالَهُ الْأُمَمُ قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ هِشَامٌ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَأَمَرَ بِحَبْسِ الْفَرَزْدَقِ بِعُسْفَانَ بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ بَعَثَ إِلَى الْفَرَزْدَقِ بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ، وَأَرْسَلَ يَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ الْيَوْمَ غَيْرُهَا، فَرَدَّهَا الْفَرَزْدَقُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا قُلْتُ مَا قُلْتُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَنُصْرَةً لِلْحَقِّ، وَقِيَامًا بِحَقِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِ، وَلَسْتُ أَعْتَاضُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْءٍ. فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ يَقُولُ: قَدْ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ صِدْقَ نِيَّتِكَ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَأَقْسَمْتُ لَتَقْبَلَنَّهَا. فَقَبِلَهَا مِنْهُ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَهْجُو هِشَامًا، فَكَانَ مِمَّا قَالَ فِيهِ: يُحَبِّسُنِي بَيْنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالَّتِي     إِلَيْهَا قُلُوبُ النَّاسِ يَهْوِي مُنِيبُهَا يُقَلِّبُ رَأْسًا لَمْ يَكُنْ رَأْسَ سَيِّدٍ     وَعَيْنَيْنِ حَوْلَاوَيْنِ بَادٍ عُيُوبُهَا وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا مَرَّتْ بِهِ الْجِنَازَةُ يَقُولُ: نُرَاعُ إِذَا الْجَنَائِزُ قَابَلَتْنَا     وَنَلْهُو حِينَ تَمْضِي ذَاهِبَاتِ كَرَوْعَةِ ثَلَّةٍ لِمُغَارِ سَبْعٍ     فَلَمَّا غَابَ عَادَتْ رَاتِعَاتِ وَرَوَى الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ بسنده عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَلِيَّ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ سَيِّدَ الْعَابِدِينَ يُحَاسِبُ نَفْسَهُ، وَيُنَاجِي رَبَّهُ يَقُولُ: يَا نَفْسُ حَتَّامَ إِلَى الدُّنْيَا غُرُورُكِ، وَإِلَى عِمَارَتِهَا رُكُونُكِ، أَمَا اعْتَبَرْتِ بِمَنْ مَضَى مِنْ أَسْلَافِكِ، وَمَنْ وَارَتْهُ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ أُلَّافِكِ؟ وَمَنْ فُجِعْتِ بِهِ مِنْ إِخْوَانِكِ، وَنُقِلَ إِلَى الْبِلَى مِنْ أَقْرَانِكِ؟ فَهُمْ فِي بُطُونِ الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ ظُهُورِهَا     مَحَاسِنُهُمْ فِيهَا بِوَالٍ دَوَاثِرُ خَلَتْ دُورُهُمْ مِنْهُمْ وَأَقْوَتْ عِرَاصُهُمْ     وَسَاقَتْهُمْ نَحْوَ الْمَنَايَا الْمَقَادِرُ وَخُلُّوا عَنِ الدُّنْيَا وَمَا جَمَعُوا لَهَا     وَضَمَّتْهُمُ تَحْتَ التُّرَابِ الْحَفَائِرُ كَمْ تَخَرَّمَتْ أَيْدِي الْمَنُونِ مِنْ قُرُونٍ بَعْدَ قُرُونٍ، وَكَمْ غَيَّرَتِ الْأَرْضُ بِبَلَائِهَا، وَغَيَّبَتْ فِي ثَرَاهَا مِمَّنْ عَاشَرْتَ مِنْ صُنُوفِ النَّاسِ، وَشَيَّعْتَهُمْ إِلَى الْأَرْمَاسِ، وَأَنْتَ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا مُكِبٌّ مُنَافِسٌ     لِخُطَّابِهَا فِيهَا حَرِيصٌ مُكَاثِرُ عَلَى خَطَرٍ تُمْسِي وَتُصْبِحُ لَاهِيًا     أَتَدْرِي بِمَاذَا لَوْ عَقَلْتَ تُخَاطِرُ وَإِنَّ امْرَأً يَسْعَى لِدُنْيَاهُ دَائِبًا     وَيَذْهَلُ عَنْ أُخْرَاهُ لَا شَكَّ خَاسِرُ فَحَتَّامَ عَلَى الدُّنْيَا إِقْبَالُكَ؟ وَبِشَهَوَاتِكَ اشْتِغَالُكَ؟ وَقَدْ وَخَطَكَ الْقَتِيرُ، وَأَتَاكَ النَّذِيرُ، وَأَنْتَ عَمَّا يُرَادُ بِكَ سَاهٍ، وَبِلَذَّةِ يَوْمِكَ لَاهٍ. وَفِي ذِكْرِ هَوْلِ الْمَوْتِ وَالْقَبْرِ وَالْبِلَى     عَنِ اللَّهْوِ وَاللَّذَّاتِ لِلْمَرْءِ زَاجِرُ أَبَعْدَ اقْتِرَابِ الْأَرْبَعِينَ تَرَبُّصٌ     وَشَيْبِ قَذَالٍ مُنْذِرٌ لَكَ كَاسِرُ كَأَنَّكَ مَعْنِيٌّ بِمَا هُوَ صَائِرٌ     لِنَفْسِكَ عَمْدًا أَوْ عَنِ الرُّشْدِ جَائِرُ انْظُرْ إِلَى الْأُمَمِ الْمَاضِيَةِ، وَالْمُلُوكِ الْفَانِيَةِ كَيْفَ أَفْنَتْهُمُ الْأَيَّامُ وَوَافَاهُمُ الْحِمَامُ; فَانْمَحَتْ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا آثَارُهُمْ، وَبَقِيَتْ فِيهَا أَخْبَارُهُمْ. وَأَضْحَوْا رَمِيمًا فِي التُّرَابِ وَعُطِّلَتْ     مَجَالِسُ مِنْهُمْ أَقْفَرَتْ وَمَقَاصِرُ وَحَلُّوا بِدَارٍ لَا تَزَاوُرَ بَيْنَهُمْ     وَأَنَّى لِسُكَّانِ الْقُبُورِ تَزَاوُرُ فَمَا إِنْ تَرَى إِلَّا جُثًى قَدْ ثَوَوْا بِهَا     مُسَطَّحَةً تُسْفِي عَلَيْهَا الْأَعَاصِرُ كَمْ مِنْ ذِي مَنَعَةٍ وَسُلْطَانٍ، وَجُنُودٍ وَأَعْوَانٍ، تَمَكَّنَ مِنْ دُنْيَاهُ، وَنَالَ فِيهَا مَا تَمَنَّاهُ، وَبَنَى فِيهَا الْقُصُورَ وَالدَّسَاكِرَ، وَجَمَعَ الْأَعْلَاقَ، وَالذَّخَائِرَ. فَمَا صَرَفَتْ كَفَّ الْمَنِيَّةِ إِذْ أَتَتْ     مُبَادِرَةً تَهْوِي إِلَيْهِ الذَّخَائِرُ وَلَا دَفَعَتْ عَنْهُ الْحُصُونُ الَّتِي بَنَى     وَحَفَّ بِهَا أَنْهَارُهُ وَالدَّسَاكِرُ وَلَا قَارَعَتْ عَنْهُ الْمَنِيَّةَ حِيلَةٌ     وَلَا طَمِعَتْ فِي الذَّبِّ عَنْهُ الْعَسَاكِرُ أَتَاهُ مِنَ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يُرَدُّ، وَنَزَلَ بِهِ مِنْ قَضَائِهِ مَا لَا يُصَدُّ، فَتَعَالَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْجَبَّارُ، الْمُتَكَبِّرُ، الْقَهَّارُ قَاصِمُ الْجَبَّارِينَ، وَمُبِيدُ الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ. مَلِيكٌ عَزِيزٌ لَا يُرَدُّ قَضَاؤُهُ     حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٌ نَافِذُ الْأَمْرِ قَاهِرُ عَنَا كُلُّ ذِي عِزٍّ لِعِزَّةِ وَجْهِهِ     فَكُلُّ عَزِيزٍ لِلْمُهَيْمِنِ صَاغِرُ لَقَدْ خَضَعَتْ وَاسْتَسْلَمَتْ وَتَضَاءَلَتْ     لِعِزَّةِ ذِي الْعَرْشِ الْمُلُوكُ الْجَبَابِرُ فَالْبِدَارَ الْبِدَارَ، وَالْحِذَارَ الْحِذَارَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا وَمَكَايِدِهَا، وَمَا نَصَبَتْ لَكَ مِنْ مَصَايِدِهَا، وَتَحَلَّتْ لَكَ مِنْ زِينَتِهَا، وَأَظْهَرَتْ لَكَ مِنْ بَهْجَتِهَا. وَفِي دُونِ مَا عَايَنْتَ مِنْ فَجَعَاتِهَا     إِلَى رَفْضِهَا دَاعٍ وَبِالزُّهْدِ آمِرُ فَجِدَّ وَلَا تَغْفُلْ فَعَيْشُكَ زَائِلٌ     وَأَنْتَ إِلَى دَارِ الْإِقَامَةِ صَائِرُ وَلَا تَطْلُبِ الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ طِلَابَهَا     وَإِنْ نِلْتَ مِنْهَا غُبَّةً لَكَ ضَائِرُ فَهَلْ يَحْرِصُ عَلَيْهَا لَبِيبٌ، أَوْ يُسَرُّ بِهَا أَرِيبٌ؟ وَهُوَ عَلَى ثِقَةٍ مِنْ فَنَائِهَا، وَغَيْرُ طَامِعٍ فِي بَقَائِهَا، أَمْ كَيْفَ تَنَامُ عَيْنَا مَنْ يَخْشَى الْبَيَاتَ، وَتَسْكُنُ نَفْسُ مَنْ يَتَوَقَّعُ الْمَمَاتَ. أَلَا لَا وَلَكِنَّا نَغُرُّ نُفُوسَنَا     وَتَشْغَلُنَا اللَّذَّاتُ عَمَّا نُحَاذِرُ وَكَيْفَ يَلَذُّ الْعَيْشَ مَنْ هُوَ مُوقِنٌ     بِمَوْقِفِ عَدْلٍ يَوْمَ تُبْلَى السَّرَائِرُ كَأَنَّا نَرَى أَنْ لَا نُشُورَ وَأَنَّنَا     سُدًى مَا لَنَا بَعْدَ الْمَمَاتِ مَصَائِرُ وَمَا عَسَى أَنْ يَنَالَ صَاحِبُ الدُّنْيَا مِنْ لَذَّتِهَا، وَيَتَمَتَّعُ بِهِ مِنْ بَهْجَتِهَا، مَعَ صُنُوفِ عَجَائِبِهَا وَكَثْرَةِ تَعَبِهِ فِي طَلَبِهَا، وَمَا يُكَابِدُ مِنْ أَسْقَامِهَا وَأَوْصَابِهَا وَآلَامِهَا؟ أَمَا قَدْ تَرَى فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْلَةٍ     يَرُوحُ عَلَيْنَا صَرْفُهَا وَيُبَاكِرُ ؟ تُعَاوِرُنَا آفَاتُهَا وَهُمُومُهَا     وَكَمْ قَدْ تُرَى يَبْقَى لَهَا الْمُتَعَاوِرُ فَلَا هُوَ مَغْبُوطٌ بِدُنْيَاهُ آمِنٌ     وَلَا هُوَ عَنْ تَطْلَابِهَا النَّفْسَ قَاصِرُ كَمْ قَدْ غَرَّتِ الدُّنْيَا مِنْ مُخْلِدٍ إِلَيْهَا، وَصَرَعَتْ مِنْ مُكِبٍّ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمْ تُنْعِشْهُ مِنْ عَثْرَتِهِ، وَلَمْ تُقِمْهُ مِنْ صَرْعَتِهِ، وَلَمْ تَشْفِهِ مِنْ أَلَمِهِ، وَلَمْ تُبْرِهِ مِنْ سَقَمِهِ. بَلَى أَوْرَدَتْهُ بَعْدَ عِزٍّ وَمَنْعَةٍ     مَوَارِدَ سُوءٍ مَا لَهُنَّ مَصَادِرُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى أَنْ لَا نَجَاةَ وَأَنَّهُ     هُوَ الْمَوْتُ لَا يُنْجِيهِ مِنْهُ التَّحَاذُرُ تَنَدَّمَ إِذْ لَمْ تُغْنِ عَنْهُ نَدَامَةٌ     عَلَيْهِ وَأَبْكَتْهُ الذُّنُوبُ الْكَبَائِرُ بَكَى عَلَى مَا سَلَفَ مِنْ خَطَايَاهُ، وَتَحَسَّرَ عَلَى مَا خَلَفَ مِنْ دُنْيَاهُ، حِينَ لَا يَنْفَعُهُ الِاسْتِغْفَارُ، وَلَا يُنْجِيهِ الِاعْتِذَارُ، عِنْدَ هَوْلِ الْمَنِيَّةِ وَنُزُولِ الْبَلِيَّةِ. أَحَاطَتْ بِهِ أَحْزَانُهُ وَهُمُومُهُ     وَأَبْلَسَ لَمَّا أَعْجَزَتْهُ الْمَعَاذِرُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ كُرْبَةِ الْمَوْتِ فَارِجٌ     وَلَيْسَ لَهُ مِمَّا يُحَاذِرُ نَاصِرُ وَقَدْ جَشَأَتْ خَوْفَ الْمَنِيَّةِ نَفْسُهُ     تُرَدِّدُهَا مِنْهُ اللَّهَا وَالْحَنَاجِرُ هُنَالِكَ خَفَّ عُوَّادُهُ، وَأَسْلَمَهُ أَهْلُهُ وَأَوْلَادُهُ، وَارْتَفَعَتِ الرَّنَّةُ بِالْعَوِيلِ، وَقَدْ أَيِسُوا مِنَ الْعَلِيلِ، فَغَمَّضُوا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ عَيْنَيْهِ، وَمَدَّ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِ رُوحِهِ رِجْلَيْهِ. فَكَمْ مُوجَعٍ يَبْكِي عَلَيْهِ وَمُفْجَعٍ     وَمُسْتَنْجِدٍ صَبْرًا وَمَا هُوَ صَابِرُ وَمُسْتَرْجِعٍ دَاعٍ لَهُ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا     يُعَدِّدُ مِنْهُ خَيْرَ مَا هُوَ ذَاكِرُ وَكَمْ شَامِتٍ مُسْتَبْشِرٍ بِوَفَاتِهِ     وَعَمَّا قَلِيلٍ كَالَّذِي صَارَ صَائِرُ فَشَقَّ جُيُوبَهَا نِسَاؤُهُ، وَلَطَمَ خُدُودَهَا إِمَاؤُهُ، وَأَعْوَلَ لِفَقْدِهِ جِيرَانُهُ، وَتَوَجَّعَ لِرُزْئِهِ إِخْوَانُهُ، ثُمَّ أَقْبَلُوا عَلَى جَهَازِهِ، وَشَمَّرُوا لِإِبْرَازِهِ. وَظَلَّ أَحَبُّ الْقَوْمِ كَانَ لِقُرْبِهِ     يَحُثُّ عَلَى تَجْهِيزِهِ وَيُبَادِرُ وَشَمَّرَ مَنْ قَدْ أَحْضَرُوهُ لِغَسْلِهِ     وَوَجَّهَ لَمَّا قَامَ لِلْقَبْرِ حَافِرُ وَكُفِّنَ فِي ثَوْبَيْنِ وَاجْتَمَعَتْ لَهُ     مُشَيِّعَةً إِخْوَانُهُ وَالْعَشَائِرُ فَلَوْ رَأَيْتَ الْأَصْغَرَ مِنْ أَوْلَادِهِ، وَقَدْ غَلَبَ الْحُزْنُ عَلَى فُؤَادِهِ، وَغُشِيَ مِنَ الْجَزَعِ عَلَيْهِ، وَخَضَّبَتِ الدُّمُوعُ خَدَّيْهِ، وَهُوَ يَنْدُبُ أَبَاهُ وَيَقُولُ: يَا وَيْلَاهُ. لَعَايَنْتَ مِنْ قُبْحِ الْمَنِيَّةِ مَنْظَرًا     يُهَالُ لِمَرْآهُ وَيَرْتَاعُ نَاظِرُ أَكَابِرُ أَوْلَادٍ يَهِيجُ اكْتِئَابُهُمْ     إِذَا مَا تَنَاسَاهُ الْبَنُونَ الْأَصَاغِرُ وَرَنَّةُ نِسْوَانٍ عَلَيْهِ جَوَازِعٍ     مَدَامِعُهُمْ فَوْقَ الْخُدُودِ غَوَازِرُ ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَ مِنْ سَعَةِ قَصْرِهِ إِلَى ضِيقِ قَبْرِهِ، فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ فِي اللَّحْدِ وَهَى عَلَيْهِ اللَّبِنُ، وَحَثَوْا بِأَيْدِيهِمْ عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ، وَأَكْثَرُوا التَّلَدُّدَ عَلَيْهِ وَالِانْتِحَابَ، ثُمَّ وَقَفُوا سَاعَةً عَلَيْهِ، وَأَيِسُوا مِنَ النَّظَرِ إِلَيْهِ. فَوَلَّوْا عَلَيْهِ مُعْوِلِينَ وَكُلُّهُمْ     لِمِثْلِ الَّذِي لَاقَى أَخُوهُ مُحَاذِرُ كَشَاءٍ رِتَاعٍ آمِنِينَ بَدَا لَهَا     بِمُدْيَتِهِ بَادِي الذِّرَاعَيْنِ حَاسِرُ فَرِيعَتْ وَلَمْ تَرْتَعْ قَلِيلًا وَأَجْفَلَتْ     فَلَمَّا نَأَى عَنْهَا الَّذِي هُوَ جَازِرُ عَادَتْ إِلَى مَرْعَاهَا، وَنَسِيَتْ مَا فِي أُخْتِهَا دَهَاهَا، أَفَبِأَفْعَالِ الْبَهَائِمِ اقْتَدَيْنَا؟ أَمْ عَلَى عَادَتِهَا جَرَيْنَا؟ عُدْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ الْمَنْقُولِ إِلَى دَارِ الْبِلَى وَالثَّرَى، وَاعْتَبِرْ بِمَوْضِعِهِ تَحْتَ الثَّرَى، الْمَدْفُوعِ إِلَى هَوْلِ مَا تَرَى. ثَوَى مُفْرَدًا فِي لَحْدِهِ وَتَوَزَّعَتْ     مَوَارِيثَهُ أَرْحَامُهُ وَالْأَوَاصِرُ وَأَحْنَوْا عَلَى أَمْوَالِهِ يَقْسِمُونَهَا     فَلَا حَامِدٌ مِنْهُمْ عَلَيْهَا وَشَاكِرُ فَيَا عَامِرَ الدُّنْيَا وَيَا سَاعِيًا لَهَا     وَيَا آمِنًا مِنْ أَنْ تَدُورَ الدَّوَائِرُ كَيْفَ أَمِنْتَ هَذِهِ الْحَالَةَ وَأَنْتَ صَائِرٌ إِلَيْهَا لَا مَحَالَةَ؟! أَمْ كَيْفَ تَتَهَنَّأُ لِحَيَاتِكَ، وَهِيَ مَطِيَّتُكَ إِلَى مَمَاتِكَ؟! أَمْ كَيْفَ تَسِيغُ طَعَامَكَ وَأَنْتَ مُنْتَظِرٌ حِمَامَكَ؟!. وَلَمْ تَتَزَوَّدْ لِلرَّحِيلِ وَقَدْ دَنَا     وَأَنْتَ عَلَى حَالٍ وَشِيكًا مُسَافِرُ فَيَا لَهْفَ نَفْسِي كَمْ أُسَوِّفُ تَوْبَتِي     وَعُمْرِيَ فَانٍ وَالرَّدَى لِي نَاظِرُ وَكُلُّ الَّذِي أَسْلَفْتُ فِي الصُّحْفِ مُثْبَتٌ     يُجَازِي عَلَيْهِ عَادِلُ الْحُكْمِ قَادِرُ فَكَمْ تُرَقِّعُ بِآخِرَتِكَ دُنْيَاكَ؟ وَتَرْكَبُ فِي ذَلِكَ هَوَاكَ؟ أَرَاكَ ضَعِيفَ الْيَقِينِ، يَا مُؤْثِرَ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى الدِّينِ، أَبِهَذَا أَمَرَكَ الرَّحْمَنُ؟ أَمْ عَلَى هَذَا نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ؟ تُخَرِّبُ مَا يَبْقَى وَتَعْمُرُ فَانِيًا     فَلَا ذَاكَ مَوْفُورٌ وَلَا ذَاكَ عَامِرُ وَهَلْ لَكَ إِنْ وَافَاكَ حَتْفُكَ بَغْتَةً     وَلَمْ تَكْتَسِبْ خَيْرًا لَدَى اللَّهِ عَاذِرُ أَتَرْضَى بِأَنْ تَفْنَى الْحَيَاةُ وَتَنْقَضِيَ     وَدِينُكَ مَنْقُوصٌ وَمَالُكَ وَافِرُ وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ أَهْلُ التَّارِيخِ فِي السَّنَةِ الَّتِي تُوَفِّيَ فِيهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ زَيْنُ الْعَابِدِينَ; فَالْمَشْهُورُ عَنِ الْجُمْهُورِ أَنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ أَعْنِي سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ فِي أَوَّلِهَا عَنْ ثَمَانٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، وَصُلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ بِالْبَقِيعِ، وَدُفِنَ بِهِ. قَالَ الْفَلَّاسُ: مَاتَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيِّبِ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ، وَعُرْوَةُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: تُوُفِّيَ ثِنْتَيْنِ - أَوْ ثَلَاثٍ - وَتِسْعِينَ. وَأَغْرَبَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: إِنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَمِمَّنْ تُوُفِّيَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْأَعْيَانِ: وَمِنَ الْعَجَائِبِ: ثَلَاثَةٌ كَانُوا فِي زَمَانٍ وَاحِدٍ، وَهُمْ بَنُو أَعْمَامٍ، كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمُ اسْمُهُ عَلِيٌّ، وَلَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْلَادٍ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ اسْمُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ، وَالْآبَاءُ وَالْأَبْنَاءُ عُلَمَاءُ أَشْرَافٌ: عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ. أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ   بْنِ هِشَامِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْمَدَنِيُّ، أَحَدُ الْفُقَهَاءِ السَّبْعَةِ، قِيلَ: اسْمُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ. وَقِيلَ: اسْمُهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَكُنْيَتُهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ. وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّ اسْمَهُ وَكُنْيَتَهُ وَاحِدٌ، وَلَهُ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ وَالْإِخْوَةِ كَثِيرٌ، وَهُوَ تَابِعِيٌّ جَلِيلٌ، رَوَى عَنْ عَمَّارٍ، وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، وَأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَعَائِشَةَ، وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ، وَعَنْهُ جَمَاعَةٌ: مِنْهُمْ بَنُوهُ سَلَمَةُ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَعَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ، وَعُمَرُ، وَمَوْلَاهُ سُمَيٌّ، وَعَامِرٌ الشَّعْبِيُّ، وَعُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ دِينَارٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٌ، وَالزُّهْرِيُّ. وُلِدَ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُمَرَ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: رَاهِبُ قُرَيْشٍ. لِكَثْرَةِ صَلَاتِهِ، وَكَانَ مَكْفُوفًا، وَكَانَ يَصُومُ الدَّهْرَ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الثِّقَةِ وَالْأَمَانَةِ وَالْفِقْهِ وَصِحَّةِ الرِّوَايَةِ عَلَى جَانِبٍ عَظِيمٍ. وَكَانَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ يُكْرِمُهُ وَيَعْرِفُ فَضْلَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: إِنِّي أَهُمُّ بِالشَّيْءِ أَفْعَلُهُ بِأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ; لِسُوءِ أَثَرِهِمْ عِنْدَنَا، فَأَذْكُرُ أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فَأَسْتَحِي مِنْهُ، وَأَتْرُكُ ذَلِكَ الْأَمْرَ مِنْ أَجْلِهِ. وَلَهُ مَنَاقِبُ كَثِيرَةٌ. قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: وَكَانَ قَدْ كُفَّ، وَكَانَ إِذَا سَجَدَ يَضَعُ يَدَهُ فِي طَسْتٍ; لِعِلَّةٍ كَانَ يَجِدُهَا. وَالصَّحِيحُ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. وَقِيلَ: فِي الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا. وَقِيلَ: فِي الَّتِي بَعْدَهَا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

Translation

✧ Those of the notables who died in the year ninety-four: Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib b. Ḥazn b. Abī Wahb b. ʿĀʾidh b. ʿImrān b. Makhzūm al-Qurashī Abū Muḥammad al-Madanī al-Makhzūmī, the master of the Successors without qualification. He was born when two years had passed — or it is said: remained — of the caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. It is also said: when four years of it had passed. The statement of al-Ḥākim Abū ʿAbd Allāh that he met the ten [Companions promised Paradise] is an error on his part, and Allah knows best. But he did send narrations from them as he sent many from the Prophet ﷺ, and he narrated much from ʿUmar, and it is said that he heard from him, and it is said he did not hear. And from ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, Saʿd, and Abū Hurayrah, whose daughter's husband he was, and he was the most knowledgeable of people about his ḥadīth. He also narrated from a group of the Companions, and he transmitted from a group of the Successors, and a multitude besides them. Ibn ʿUmar said: Saʿīd was one of the muftis. Al-Zuhrī said: I sat with him for seven pilgrimages, and I did not think anyone else possessed knowledge besides him. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said, from Makhūl: I traveled the entire earth in search of knowledge, and I did not meet anyone more learned than Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib. Al-Awzāʿī said: Al-Zuhrī and Makhūl were asked: Who is the most knowledgeable in jurisprudence of those you have met? They said: Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib. Qatādah said: I have not seen anyone more knowledgeable about the lawful and the unlawful than him. When al-Ḥasan found something difficult, he would write to Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib. Others said: He was called the jurist of the jurists. Mālik said, from Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd, from Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib: I used to travel days and nights in pursuit of a single ḥadīth. Mālik said: It reached me that Ibn ʿUmar used to send to Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib to ask him about the judicial decisions and rulings of ʿUmar. Al-Rabīʿ said, from al-Shāfiʿī, that he said: The mursal narrations of Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib are considered good by us. Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal said: They are sound. He said: And Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib is the most excellent of the Successors. ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī said: I do not know anyone among the Successors more extensive in knowledge than him. When Saʿīd says: "The sunnah has passed," that is sufficient for you. In my view, he is the most eminent of the Successors. Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿIjlī said: Saʿīd was a righteous man, a jurist. He did not take the stipend, and he had merchandise worth four hundred dinars, and he traded in oil. He was one-eyed. Abū Zurʿah said: A Medinan, trustworthy, an imam. Abū Ḥātim said: There is no one among the Successors nobler than him. He is the most reliable of them in [narrating from] Abū Hurayrah. Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib was afflicted with flogging. That was because ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr appointed Jābir b. al-Aswad al-Zuhrī over Madinah, and he called the people to pledge allegiance to Ibn al-Zubayr. Saʿīd said: No, not until the people agree. So he flogged him sixty lashes. That reached Ibn al-Zubayr, and he wrote to him blaming him, saying: What do we have to do with Saʿīd? Leave him alone. ʿAbd al-Malik had sought the daughter of Saʿīd in marriage for his son al-Walīd, but he refused. So he plotted against Saʿīd until he had him flogged one hundred lashes on a cold day, poured a jar of water over him, and dressed him in a woolen jubbah. From Ḍimām, from some of the people of Madinah, he said: When the pledge of allegiance to Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Malik was combined with the pledge to al-Walīd, Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib disliked to give two pledges. The governor of Madinah wrote to ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān informing him that Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib disliked to pledge allegiance to both of them together. ʿAbd al-Malik wrote to the governor of Madinah: What need did you have to report this about Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib? We did not fear anything from him. But since this has appeared and spread among the people, summon him to what those who entered into this pledge have entered into. If he refuses, flog him one hundred lashes, shave his head and beard, dress him in garments of hair, and stand him before the people in the market of the Muslims, so that no one else will dare to oppose us. When some of the Quraysh who were present learned of this, they asked the governor not to hasten against him until he frightened him with death, perhaps he would comply. They sent a mawlā of his who was in the guard. They said: Go and frighten him with death, and inform him that he will be killed, perhaps that will frighten him into entering what the people have entered. His mawlā came to him while he was praying, and the mawlā wept. Saʿīd said to him: What makes you weep? He said: What makes me weep is what is intended for you. A letter has come concerning you: if you do not pledge allegiance, you will be killed. I came so that you may purify yourself, put on clean clothes, and finish your testament. He said: Woe to you! You found me praying, and do you think I would pray while not in a state of purity, with my clothes impure? As for what you mentioned about the testament, I would be more astray than the one who sent you if I spent a night without having completed my testament. He departed. When he came to the governor, they summoned him, and he refused to comply. So he ordered him to be stripped, and he wore garments of hair, then he flogged him one hundred lashes, shaved his head and beard, and stood him up. He said: If I had known that there was nothing but this, I would not have taken off my clothes willingly, nor would I have complied with that. Ḍimām said: It reached me that when Hishām b. Ismāʿīl addressed the people on Friday, Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib would turn his face toward him as long as he mentioned Allah, Mighty and Majestic, but when he began to mention ʿAbd al-Malik, praising him and saying what he said, Saʿīd turned his face away from him. When Hishām noticed this, he ordered a guard to strike his face if he turned away from him. So he did that to him. Saʿīd said to Hishām, gesturing with his hand toward him: These are three bees' stings. Only three months passed before Hishām was dismissed. From al-Zubayr b. Bakkār, he said: My uncle Muṣʿab b. ʿAbd Allāh narrated to me, saying: Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib would not turn his face toward Hishām b. Ismāʿīl when he gave the Friday sermon. So Hishām ordered one of his assistants to turn him toward him when he preached. The assistant reached to turn him, but he refused, so he grabbed him until he turned him. Saʿīd shouted: O Hishām, it is only four after four. When Hishām finished, he said: Woe to you, Saʿīd has gone mad. Saʿīd was asked: What is four after four? Did you hear something about that? He said: No. It was said: What did you mean by your statement? He said: When I wanted to go to the mosque, my slave girl said to me: I saw a vision last night, so do not leave until I relate it to you and you interpret it for me. I saw as if Moses plunged ʿAbd al-Malik into the sea three plunges, and he died on the third. I interpreted that ʿAbd al-Malik had died, because Moses was sent against the tyrants to kill them, and ʿAbd al-Malik is the tyrant of this community. He said: Then why did you say four after four? He said: The distance of the messenger's journey from Damascus to Madinah with the news. They waited eight nights, then a messenger came with the death of ʿAbd al-Malik. The marriage of the daughter of Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib The marriage of the daughter of Saʿīd From Ibn Abī Wadāʿah, he said: I used to sit with Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, and he missed me for some days. When I came to him, he said: Where have you been? I said: My wife died, and I was occupied with her. He said: Why did you not inform us, so that we could attend her funeral? He said: Then I wanted to get up, but he said: Have you taken a new wife? I said: May Allah have mercy on you, who would marry me when I possess only two or three dirhams? He said: I will. I said: Will you do that? He said: Yes. Then he praised Allah and prayed for blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ, and he married me to her for two or three dirhams. He said: I got up and did not know what to do out of joy. I went to my house and began to think: from whom shall I borrow? I prayed Maghrib, and I was alone, and I had prepared my dinner of bread and oil to break my fast, when the door was knocked. I said: Who is this? He said: Saʿīd. I thought of every person named Saʿīd except Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, for he had not been seen for forty years except between his house and the mosque. I got up and went out, and there was Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, for he had decided to come. I said: O Abū Muḥammad, why did you not send for me, so that I could come to you? He said: No, you are more deserving to be visited. I said: What do you command? He said: You were a bachelor and have now married, and I disliked that you should spend this night alone. This is your wife. And there she was, standing behind him, as tall as he was. Then he took her hand and pushed her through the door, and shut the door. The woman fell down out of shyness. I secured the door, then I went ahead of her to the bowl containing the oil and bread, and I placed it in the shadow of the lamp so that she would not see it. Then I went up to the roof and called my neighbors, and they came to me. They said: What is the matter with you? I said: Woe to you! Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib married his daughter to me today, and he brought her to me unexpectedly. They said: Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib married you? I said: Yes, and there she is in the house. He said: They went down to her. The news reached my mother, and she came and said: My face is forbidden to your face if you touch her before I prepare her for three days. He said: I waited three days, then I consummated the marriage with her. She was one of the most beautiful of people, and she was the most memorious of people of the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic, the most knowledgeable of them of the Sunnah of His Messenger, and the most aware of them of the rights of a husband. He said: I remained for a month without Saʿīd coming to me or me going to him. When nearly a month had passed, I went to Saʿīd while he was in his circle. I greeted him, and he returned the greeting but did not speak to me until the people of the gathering dispersed, and none remained but me. He said: How is that person? I said: Well, O Abū Muḥammad, as a friend would love and an enemy would hate. He said: If anything troubles you, then the stick. I returned to my house, and he sent me twenty thousand dirhams. ʿAbd Allāh said: Ibn Abī Wadāʿah is Kathīr b. al-Muṭṭalib b. Abī Wadāʿah. Ibn al-Jawzī said: This Kathīr had a son also named Kathīr, who narrated ḥadīth and was a poet, but he had no offspring. As for Abū Wadāʿah, his name was al-Ḥārith b. Ṣubayrah b. Saʿīd b. Saʿd b. Sahm. He had witnessed Badr with the polytheists and was taken captive. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Hold on to him, for he has a clever son in Makkah." Al-Muṭṭalib went out and ransomed him for four thousand dirhams. He was the first captive to be ransomed, and after him the people ransomed their captives. His father Ṣubayrah had passed forty years by a little, then he died. From ʿĀmir b. Ṣāliḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr: The people continued for a time, and whoever of the Quraysh passed forty years in age would live long. Ṣubayrah b. Saʿīd passed it by a little, then died suddenly. The people were alarmed by that, and the jinn mourned him, saying: Who can feel safe from the accidents of time after Ṣubayrah al-Qurashī died? His death hastened before old age. His death was sudden. In another narration, a poet said: Pilgrims to the House of Allah, indeed Ṣubayrah al-Qurashī has died. His fate preceded old age, as if his death were sudden. So take provision, lest you perish without your families, secretly. Ibn al-Jawzī, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Then Abū Wadāʿah embraced Islam on the day of the conquest and remained until the caliphate of ʿUmar, and his son al-Muṭṭalib also embraced Islam on the day of the conquest. Saʿīd died in Madinah in this year, at the age of eighty-four. Al-Wāqidī said: Saʿīd died in the year of the jurists, which is the year ninety-four, at the age of seventy-five, may Allah have mercy on him. Ṭalq b. Ḥabīb al-ʿAnazī Ṭalq b. Ḥabīb al-ʿAnazī A noble Successor. He narrated from Anas, Jābir, Ibn al-Zubayr, Ibn ʿAbbās, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAmr, and others. From him narrated Ḥumayd al-Ṭawīl, al-Aʿmash, and Ṭāwūs, who was among his peers and praised his recitation. ʿAmr b. Dīnār praised him, and more than one of the imams praised him, but they criticized him for holding the view of irjāʾ. He was among those who went out with Ibn al-Ashʿath, and he used to say: Guard against it with taqwā. It was said to him: Describe taqwā for us. He said: Taqwā is acting in obedience to Allah upon light from Allah, hoping for the mercy of Allah, and taqwā is abandoning disobedience to Allah upon light from Allah, fearing the punishment of Allah. He also said: The rights of Allah are too great for the servants to fulfill, and His blessings are too many to count, but enter the morning repentant and enter the evening repentant. Mālik said: Al-Ḥajjāj killed him along with a group of Qurʾān reciters, among them Saʿīd b. Jubayr. Ibn Jarīr mentioned previously that Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī sent three men from Makkah to al-Ḥajjāj: Mujāhid, Saʿīd b. Jubayr, and Ṭalq b. Ḥabīb. Ṭalq died on the way, Mujāhid was imprisoned, and what happened to Saʿīd is known, and Allah knows best. ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām, al-Qurashī al-Asadī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Madanī A noble Successor. He narrated from his father, from the ʿAbādilah, Muʿāwiyah, al-Mughīrah, Abū Hurayrah, his mother Asmāʾ, his maternal aunt ʿĀʾishah, and Umm Salamah. From him narrated a group of the Successors and a multitude besides them. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: ʿUrwah was trustworthy, prolific in ḥadīth, learned, reliable, and firm. Al-ʿIjlī said: A Medinan, a Successor, a righteous man who did not enter into any of the civil strife. Al-Wāqidī said: He was a jurist, learned, a memorizer, firm, a proof, knowledgeable in the biographies of the Prophet, and he was the first to compile the military expeditions. He was among the counted jurists of Madinah. The Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to ask him, and he was the most knowledgeable of people in poetry. Abū Bakr b. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām said: Knowledge belongs to one of three: one with noble lineage who adorns it with knowledge, or one with religion who governs his religion with it, or one mixed with authority who presents it with his knowledge. He said: I do not know anyone who combines these three qualities except ʿUrwah b. al-Zubayr and ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz. ʿUrwah used to recite a quarter of the Qurʾān every day and stand in night prayer with it. During the season of fresh dates, he would make a breach in his wall and then permit the people to enter and eat and carry away. When the fresh dates were gone, he would restore it. Al-Zuhrī said: ʿUrwah was a sea that never runs dry. Once he said: He was a sea that buckets do not muddy. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz said: No one is more learned than ʿUrwah, and I do not know that he knows anything that I am ignorant of. More than one [authority] has mentioned him among the seven jurists of Madinah whose opinions were taken as final. He was also one of the ten jurists whose opinions ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz would follow during his governorship of Madinah. Several [authorities] have stated that he went as a delegate to al-Walīd in Damascus, and when he returned, he developed gangrene in his leg. They wanted to amputate it, and they offered him a drink that would make him lose consciousness so that he would not feel the pain and they could amputate it. He said: "I never thought that anyone who believes in God would drink something that makes him lose his mind so that he no longer knows his Lord, Mighty and Majestic. But come and amputate it." So they amputated it from his knee while he remained silent, not speaking, and no sound was heard from him. It is related that they amputated it while he was praying, and he did not notice because he was absorbed in prayer. But God knows best. On the same night that his leg was amputated, a son of his named Muḥammad, who was the dearest of his children, fell from a roof and died. They came to him and offered condolences. He said: "O God, praise be to You. They were seven, and You took one, leaving six. They were four limbs, and You took one, leaving three. If You have taken, You have also given; and if You have afflicted, You have also granted well-being." It is said that when he saw the amputated [leg] in the basin, he said: "God knows that I never walked with it toward any act of disobedience." It is said that he was born during the lifetime of ʿUmar. The correct view is that he was born after ʿUmar, in the year 23 AH, and his death was in the year 94 AH according to the well-known view. It is also said: the year 90 AH; or the year 100 AH; or 91 AH; or 101 AH; or the year 92, 93, 94, or 95 AH; or the year 99 AH. And God knows best. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. Abī Ṭālib ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, the Qurayshī, the Hāshimī, well known as Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn. His mother was an umm walad named Sallāma. He had an older brother who was also named ʿAlī, who was killed with his father. This ʿAlī related ḥadīth from his father, from his paternal uncle al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī, from Jābir, Ibn ʿAbbās, al-Miswar b. Makhrama, Abū Hurayra, Ṣafiyya, ʿĀʾisha, and Umm Salama, the Mothers of the Believers. A group narrated from him, including his sons: Zayd, ʿAbd Allāh, ʿUmar, and Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-Bāqir; also Zayd b. Aslam, Ṭāwūs, who was among his peers, al-Zuhrī, Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Anṣārī, Abū Salama, who was among his peers, and many others. Al-Qāḍī Ibn Khallikān said: His mother was Sallāma bt. Yazdajird, the last of the Persian kings. Al-Zamakhsharī mentioned in "Rabīʿ al-Abrār" that Yazdajird had three daughters who were taken captive in the time of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb. One of them came to ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, and he had a son by her, Sālim; another came to Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, and he had a son by her, al-Qāsim; and the third came to al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, and he had by her this ʿAlī Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn. So all of them were maternal cousins. Ibn Khallikān said: When Qutayba b. Muslim killed Fayrūz b. Yazdajird, he sent his two daughters to al-Ḥajjāj, who took one of them and sent the other to al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik. Al-Walīd had a son by her, Yazīd al-Nāqiṣ. Ibn Qutayba mentioned in his book "al-Maʿārif" that this Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's mother was a Sindī woman named Sallāma. It is also said: Ghazāla. He was with his father at Karbalāʾ, and he was spared because of his young age—or, it is said, because of his illness—for he was twenty-three years old. It is also said he was older than that. ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād intended to kill him, but God turned him away from that. Some of the wicked also advised Yazīd b. Muʿāwiya to kill him, but God, Exalted is He, prevented that. So praise and grace be to God. After that, Yazīd honored him, showed him respect, seated him with him, and would never eat except when he was present. Then he sent them back to Madinah with honor. ʿAlī was respected and esteemed in Madinah. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir said: His mosque in Damascus, which is attributed to him, is well known. I say: It is the one called Mashhad ʿAlī, east of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus. ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān brought him once again to Damascus and consulted him about responding to the Byzantine king regarding some matters of coinage and the style of papyrus that he had written to him about. Al-Zuhrī said: I never saw a Qurayshī more excellent than him. He was with his father on the day he was killed, at the age of twenty-three, and he was ill. ʿUmar b. Saʿd said: "Do not harm this sick man." Al-Wāqidī said: He was one of the most devout, most worshipful, and most God-fearing people. When he walked, he did not swing his arm. He wore a white turban which he let hang down behind him. His kunya was Abū al-Ḥasan; it is also said: Abū Muḥammad; or Abū ʿAbd Allāh. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said: He was trustworthy, reliable, a prolific transmitter of ḥadīth, of high standing, noble, and pious. His mother was Ghazāla. After al-Ḥusayn, his freedman Zubayd married her, and she bore him ʿAbd Allāh b. Zubayd. He is ʿAlī al-Aṣghar. As for ʿAlī al-Akbar, he was killed with his father. More than one [authority] has said this. Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, Zayd b. Aslam, Mālik, and Abū Ḥāzim said: There was no one among the Ahl al-Bayt like him. Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd al-Anṣārī said: I heard ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn—who was the most excellent Hāshimī I ever met—say: "O people, love us with the love of Islam. Your love for us has not ceased until it became a disgrace upon us." In another version: "until you made people hate us." Al-Aṣmaʿī said: Al-Ḥusayn had no descendants except through ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, and ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn had no offspring except through his cousin's daughter, [the daughter of] al-Ḥasan. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam said to him: "Why don't you take concubines so that your children may be many?" He replied: "I do not have the means to take concubines." So Marwān lent him one hundred thousand [dirhams], and he bought concubines, and they bore him children, and his descendants multiplied. Then when Marwān fell ill, he instructed that what he had lent to ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn should not be reclaimed. Thus all Ḥusaynīs are from his progeny. ؓ Abū Bakr b. Abī Shayba said: The most authentic of all chains of transmission is al-Zuhrī from ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn from his father from his grandfather. They mentioned that the house he was in caught fire while he was standing in prayer, and when he finished, they said to him: "Why did you not leave?" He replied: "I was distracted from this fire by the other Fire." When he performed ablution, his complexion would turn pale, and when he stood for prayer, he would tremble out of fear. When asked about this, he said: "Do you not know before whom I am about to stand, and with whom I am conversing?" When he performed the Ḥajj and wanted to say the talbiya, he trembled and said: "I fear that I should say 'Labbayka Allāhumma labbayka' and He would say to me: 'No labbayka [for you].'" They encouraged him and said: "You must say the talbiya." When he did, he fainted and fell from his mount. They also said that he used to pray one thousand rakʿas every day and night. Ṭāwūs said: I heard him while he was prostrating at the Ḥijr saying: "Your servant is in Your courtyard; Your poor one is in Your courtyard; Your beggar is in Your courtyard; Your needy one is in Your courtyard." Ṭāwūs said: By God, I have never called upon God with these words in any distress except that it was relieved from me. They mentioned that he gave much charity at night and used to say: "Charity at night extinguishes the anger of the Lord." And that he divided his wealth with God, Exalted is He, twice. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: There were people in Madinah who lived without knowing from where they received their sustenance and who was giving it to them. When ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn died, they lost that, and they realized that it was he who used to bring them what he brought at night. When he died, they found on his back and shoulders marks from carrying sacks to the houses of widows and the poor at night. It is said that he supported one hundred households in Madinah, and they did not know this until he died. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn visited Muḥammad b. Usāma b. Zayd when he was ill. Ibn Usāma wept, and he asked him: "What makes you weep?" He said: "I am in debt." He asked: "How much is it?" He said: "Fifteen thousand dinars"—in another version, "seventeen thousand dinars." He said: "It is upon me." ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn said: "Abū Bakr and ʿUmar held the same position in relation to the Messenger of God ﷺ during his lifetime as they did after his death." A man once insulted him, and he pretended not to hear, giving the impression that he had not heard him. The man said to him: "I mean you!" ʿAlī replied: "And I am ignoring you." One day he left the mosque, and a man insulted him. People rushed to the man, but ʿAlī said: "Leave him alone." Then he turned to him and said: "What is hidden from you of our affairs is greater. Do you have any need we can help you with?" The man felt ashamed, and ʿAlī threw him a cloak that he was wearing and ordered that he be given one thousand dirhams. After that, the man would say: "I bear witness that you are of the children of the prophets." They said: ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn and Ḥasan b. Ḥasan had a dispute, and there was rivalry between them. Ḥasan b. Ḥasan insulted him, and he remained silent. When night came, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn went to his house and said: "O cousin, if you are truthful, may God forgive me; and if you are lying, may God forgive you. Peace be upon you." Then he left. [Ḥasan] followed him and reconciled with him. He was asked: "Who is the person of greatest importance?" He replied: "The one who does not regard this world as having any importance for himself." He also said: "Reflection is a mirror that shows the believer his good deeds and his bad deeds." He said: "The loss of loved ones is estrangement." He used to say: "Some people worship God out of fear; that is the worship of slaves. Others worship Him out of desire; that is the worship of merchants. Others worship Him out of love and gratitude; that is the worship of the free and the virtuous." He said to his son: "O my son, do not keep company with a sinner, for he will sell you for a morsel, or even less, which he covets and then fails to obtain. Nor with a miser, for he will abandon you when you are most in need of his wealth. Nor with a liar, for he is like a mirage: he brings the distant near to you and takes the near far from you. Nor with a fool, for he intends to benefit you but harms you. Nor with one who severs ties of kinship, for he is cursed in the Book of God. God, Exalted is He, said: 'Would you then, if you were given authority, spread corruption in the land and sever your ties of kinship? Those are the ones whom God has cursed, so He made them deaf and blinded their sight' (Muḥammad: 22)." When ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn entered the mosque, he would step over people until he sat in the circle of Zayd b. Aslam. Nāfiʿ b. Jubayr b. Muṭʿim said to him: "May God forgive you! You are the master of the people, yet you come stepping over people to sit with this black slave?" ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn replied: "A man sits only where he benefits. Knowledge is sought and attended, and it is sought wherever it is." Al-Aʿmash reported from Masʿūd b. Mālik, who said: ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn said to me: "Can you arrange a meeting between me and Saʿīd b. Jubayr?" I said: "What do you want with him?" He said: "I want to ask him about matters through which God may benefit us. We do not have what these people [in Iraq] accuse us of." He gestured with his hand toward Iraq. Imām Aḥmad said with his chain of transmission from Abū Isḥāq, from Razīn b. ʿUbayd, who said: I was with Ibn ʿAbbās when ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn came. Ibn ʿAbbās said: "Welcome to the beloved, son of the beloved." Abū Bakr b. Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā al-Ṣūlī said with his chain of transmission from Sufyān b. ʿUyayna, from Abū al-Zubayr, who said: We were with Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh when ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn entered. He said: "I was with the Messenger of God ﷺ when al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī entered. He embraced him, kissed him, and seated him beside him. Then he said: 'A son will be born to this son of mine, named ʿAlī. On the Day of Resurrection, a caller will call from the depths of the Throne: "Let the master of the worshipers stand," and he will stand.'" This is a very strange ḥadīth, cited by Ibn ʿAsākir. Al-Zuhrī said: Most of my sitting was with ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, and I never saw anyone more knowledgeable in fiqh than him. He spoke little, and he was one of the most excellent of his family, the best in obedience, and the most beloved to Marwān and his son ʿAbd al-Malik. He used to call him "Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn." Juwayriya b. Asmāʾ said: ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn never took a single dirham by virtue of his kinship to the Messenger of God ﷺ. May God have mercy on him and be pleased with him. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said with his chain of transmission from al-Maqburī, who said: Al-Mukhtār sent ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn one hundred thousand [dirhams]. He disliked accepting it and feared to reject it, so he kept it with him. When al-Mukhtār was killed, he wrote to ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān: "Al-Mukhtār sent me one hundred thousand [dirhams]. I disliked accepting it and disliked rejecting it, so send someone to take it." ʿAbd al-Malik wrote back: "O cousin, take it, for I have made it lawful for you." So he accepted it. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn said: "The masters of people in this world are the generous and the God-fearing, and in the Hereafter they are the people of religion, virtue, and knowledge, for the scholars are the heirs of the prophets." He also said: "I feel ashamed before God, Mighty and Majestic, to see a brother of mine and ask God for Paradise for him, yet be stingy toward him with worldly things. For on the Day of Resurrection, it will be said to me: 'If Paradise were in your hand, you would have been even more stingy with it, and more, and more.'" They mentioned that he wept often. When asked about it, he said: "Yaʿqūb ﷺ wept over Yūsuf until his eyes became white, and he did not know that he had died. I saw more than ten members of my family slaughtered in a single morning. Do you think their sorrow will ever leave my heart?" ʿAbd al-Razzāq said: A slave girl of ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn was pouring water for him so that he could perform ablution. The pitcher fell from her hand onto his face and wounded him. He raised his head toward her, and the slave girl said: "God, Mighty and Majestic, says: 'And those who restrain anger.'" He said: "I have restrained my anger." She said: "'And those who forgive people.'" He said: "May God forgive you." She said: "'And God loves the doers of good' (Āl ʿImrān: 134)." He said: "Go, for you are free." Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār said with his chain of transmission from Muḥammad b. ʿAlī, from his father, who said: A group of people from Iraq sat with me and mentioned Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, and they disparaged them. Then they began to talk about ʿUthmān. I said to them: Tell me, are you among the emigrants who were expelled from their homes—up to His saying: 'Those are the truthful ones' (al-Ḥashr: 8)? They said: No, we are not among them. I said: Then are you among those concerning whom God, mighty and majestic, said: 'And those who had established themselves in the abode and in faith before them, loving those who emigrated to them'—up to His saying: 'Those are the successful ones' (al-Ḥashr: 9)? They said: No, we are not among them. He said: I said to them: As for you, you have absolved yourselves, conceded, and testified that you are not among them, and I testify that you are not among the third group concerning whom God, exalted is He, said: 'And those who came after them, saying: Our Lord, forgive us and our brothers who preceded us in faith, and do not place in our hearts any rancor toward those who believe. Our Lord, You are Kind, Merciful' (al-Ḥashr: 10). Get away from me! May God not bless you, nor bring your homes near! You are mockers of Islam, and you are not among its people. A man came and asked him: When will ʿAlī be resurrected? He said: By God, he will be resurrected on the Day of Resurrection, and his soul will distress him. Ibn Abī al-Dunyā said with his chain of transmission from Abū Ḥamza al-Thumālī that ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, when he went out of his house, would say: O God, I give away today, or I grant today, my honor to whoever deems it lawful to violate. Ibn Abī al-Dunyā related that a young slave dropped a skewer from his hand while he was roasting something in the oven, and it fell on the head of a young son of ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn and killed him. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn hurried to him, and when he looked at him, he said to the slave: My son, you did not do it intentionally. You are free. Then he began preparing his son's burial. Al-Madāʾinī said: I heard Sufyān say: ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn used to say: It would not please me to have, in exchange for my share of humiliation, red camels. A man's son died who had been prodigal against himself, and the man grieved over him because of his prodigality. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn said to him: Behind your son are three qualities: the testimony that there is no god but God, the intercession of the Messenger of God, and the mercy of God, mighty and majestic. Al-Madāʾinī said: Al-Zuhrī committed a sin and felt alienated because of it. He wandered off, leaving his family and wealth. When he met ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, he said to him: O Zuhrī, your despair of the mercy of God, which encompasses all things, is greater than your sin. Al-Zuhrī said: God knows best where to place His message. In another narration, he had shed blood by mistake, and ʿAlī ordered him to repent and seek forgiveness, and to send the blood money to the family of the slain. Al-Zuhrī used to say: ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn is the one to whom I owe the greatest favor among people. Sufyān b. ʿUyayna said: ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn used to say: A man does not say about another man good that he does not know without being on the verge of saying about him evil that he does not know. Two men do not accompany each other in disobedience without being on the verge of parting in something other than obedience to God. They mentioned that he married a daughter to a client of his, and he freed a slave woman and married her. ʿAbd al-Malik sent to him reproaching him for that. He wrote back to him: 'You have in the Messenger of God a good example.' He had freed Ṣafiyya and married her, and he married his client Zayd b. Ḥāritha to the daughter of his paternal aunt, Zaynab bt. Jaḥsh. They said: In winter he used to wear a cloak of silk brocade worth fifty dinars, and when summer came he would give it away as charity. In summer he wore patched clothes and lower than that, and he recited the saying of the Exalted: 'Say: Who has forbidden the adornment of God which He has brought forth for His servants, and the good things of provision?' (al-Aʿrāf: 32). It has been related through several chains mentioned by al-Ṣūlī, al-Jurayrī, and more than one, that Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Malik performed the pilgrimage during the caliphate of his father or his brother al-Walīd, and he circumambulated the House. When he wanted to touch the Black Stone, he could not until a pulpit was set up for him. He touched it and sat on it, and the people of Syria stood around him. While he was thus, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn approached. When he drew near the Stone to touch it, the people moved aside from him out of reverence, awe, and respect. He was in fine attire and handsome shape. The Syrians said to Hishām: Who is this? He said: I do not know him, to prevent the Syrians from attaching themselves to him. Al-Farazdaq, who was present, said: I know him. They said: Who is he? Al-Farazdaq began to recite: This is he whose footprint the valley of Makkah knows, And the House knows him, and the sacred precinct and the sanctuary. This is the son of the best of all God's servants; This is the pious, the pure, the clean, the great one. When Quraysh see him, their speaker says: To the noble qualities of this man does generosity attain its end. He descends from the summit of glory that The Arabs of Islam and the non-Arabs fell short of attaining. When he comes to touch the Stone, the corner of the Ḥaṭīm Almost seizes his hand, recognizing it. He lowers his eyes out of modesty, and eyes are lowered out of awe of him; He is not spoken to except when he smiles. In his hand is a staff of bamboo, its fragrance wafting, From the hand of a noble man with a high-bridged nose. His origin is derived from the Messenger of God; Its elements are good, and its character and traits. The light of guidance shines from the light of his forehead, Like the sun clearing away the darkness of its rising. He bears the burdens of peoples when they are weighed down; Of sweet character, with him kindness is pleasant. This is the son of Fāṭima, if you do not know him: By his grandfather the prophets of God were sealed. God favored him from of old and honored him; The Pen ran with that for him in His Tablet. He whose grandfather the excellence of the prophets served, And whose community's excellence the nations served. He encompassed all creation with kindness, and there vanished From it the dark clouds, poverty, and shadows. Both his hands are a succor whose benefit is widespread; They give abundance, and want does not afflict them. Easy in nature, his sudden outbursts are not feared; Two things adorn him: good character and generosity. He does not break his word; blessed is his disposition; Broad is his courtyard; wise when he resolves. From a people whose love is religion and whose hatred is unbelief; Drawing near to them is salvation and refuge. Evil and trial are warded off by loving them, And through them kindness and blessings are sought. Their mention comes after the mention of God In every decree, and with them the discourse is sealed. If the people of piety are counted, they are their leaders; Or if it is said: Who is the best of the people of the earth? It is said: They are. No generous man can reach beyond their limit, And no people can approach them, however noble they may be. They are the rains when a drought is severe, And the lions, lions of the thicket, when war blazes. A noble character and hands lavish in giving Prevent blame from settling in their courtyard. Hardship does not diminish the open-handedness of their palms; It is the same whether they are rich or poor. There is no creature whose neck is not under their favor, For the firstness of this one, or for blessings from him. Your saying 'Who is this?' does not harm him; The Arabs know whom you deny, and the non-Arabs. Whoever knows God knows the firstness of this one; For religion from the house of this one the nations obtained. He said: Hishām became angry at that and ordered al-Farazdaq to be imprisoned at ʿUsfān, between Makkah and Madinah. When that reached ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, he sent to al-Farazdaq twelve thousand dirhams, and sent apologizing that he had nothing else that day. Al-Farazdaq returned it and said: I said what I said only for God, mighty and majestic, and in support of the truth, and in fulfillment of the right of the Messenger of God ﷺ regarding his descendants. I will not take anything in exchange for that. ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn sent to him saying: God knows the sincerity of your intention in that, and I adjure you to accept it. So he accepted it from him, then he began to satirize Hishām. Among what he said of him: He imprisons me between Madinah and that city To which the hearts of people incline, its repentant ones. He turns about a head that was not the head of a chief, And two cross-eyes, whose defects are apparent. It has been related to us from ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn that when a funeral procession passed by him, he would say: We are startled when funerals meet us, And we amuse ourselves when they pass away. Like the startle of a flock at the attack of a lion; But when it disappears, they return to grazing. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Ibn ʿAsākir related with his chain from al-Zuhrī, who said: I heard ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, the master of the worshippers, taking account of himself and conversing with his Lord, saying: O soul, how long will you be deceived by this world, and incline to its building? Have you not taken warning from your predecessors who passed away, and those whom the earth has covered from your dear ones? And those among your brothers with whom you were bereaved, and who were transferred to decay from your peers? They are in the bowels of the earth after being on its surface; Their beauties therein are worn out and effaced. Their homes are empty of them, and their courtyards are desolate; And the decrees drove them toward death. They left the world and what they had gathered for it; And the graves enclosed them under the dust. How many generations after generations have the hands of fate cut off? How many has the earth changed through its decaying, and hidden in its soil among the kinds of people you have kept company with and escorted to the graves? And you are devoted to the world, competing for it, Eager for its suitors, covetous, increasing. You pass your mornings and evenings in danger, heedless; Do you know what you risk, if you had sense? A man who strives for his world constantly, And neglects his hereafter, is without doubt a loser. How long will you turn your face to the world and occupy yourself with your desires, when gray hair has touched you and the warner has come to you, while you are heedless of what is intended for you and distracted by the pleasure of your day? In remembering the terror of death, the grave, and decay, There is for a man a deterrent from diversion and pleasures. After approaching forty, is there any waiting, And the gray hair of the back of the head, a warner to you, a breaker? It is as if you are concerned with what will happen To yourself, deliberately, or deviating from right guidance. Look at the nations of the past and the perished kings, how the days destroyed them and death came to them; their traces were erased from the world, and only their reports remain. They became decayed bones in the dust, and their assemblies Were rendered void, deserted, and their pavilions. They dwell in an abode where there is no mutual visiting; And how can there be visiting for the inhabitants of the graves? You see nothing but crouching bodies that have settled there, Stretched out, upon which the storms blow dust. How many a man of might and authority, of armies and supporters, took full possession of his world and attained in it what he wished, and built in it palaces and villages, and gathered precious things and treasures— But the hand of fate did not turn aside when it came, Hastening toward him the treasures. Nor did the fortresses he built defend him, Surrounded as they were by his rivers and villages. Nor did any stratagem contend against fate for him, Nor could the armies aspire to defend him. There came to him from God what cannot be repelled, and there descended upon him from His decree what cannot be averted. Exalted be God, the King, the Compeller, the Proud, the Subduer, the Breaker of the tyrants, the Destroyer of the arrogant. A sovereign, mighty, whose decree is not turned back; Wise, knowing, whose command is effective, overwhelming. Every possessor of might is humbled before the might of His face; So every mighty one is low before the Overseer. The tyrant kings have submitted and surrendered and shrank Before the might of the Lord of the Throne. So hasten, hasten, and beware, beware of the world and its snares, and what it has set up for you of its traps, and adorned itself for you with of its adornment, and displayed to you of its splendor. In what you have witnessed of its calamities, There is a caller to renouncing it and a commander to asceticism. So be diligent and do not be heedless, for your life is fading, And you are moving to the abode of permanence. Do not seek the world, for seeking it, Even if you attain from it a portion, is harmful to you. Would a man of understanding be eager for it, or a wise man rejoice in it, when he is sure of its passing away and has no hope of its remaining? How can the eyes of one who fears the night attack sleep? And how can the soul of one who expects death be at rest? Indeed no, but we deceive ourselves, And pleasures distract us from what we should beware of. How can life be pleasant for one who is certain Of a just station on the day when secrets are tested? It is as if we think there is no resurrection, and that we are Left aimlessly, with no destinations after death. What can the possessor of the world hope to attain from its pleasure, and enjoy of its splendor, with its many wonders and the great toil in seeking it, and the illnesses, pains, and ailments he endures? Do you not see that every day and night Its changes come to us morning and evening? Its afflictions and anxieties alternate upon us; How often does the one alternated upon remain? He is neither envied for his world, secure, Nor does he restrain his soul from seeking it. How many has the world deceived of those who sought immortality through it, and struck down of those who devoted themselves to it? It did not raise him from his stumbling, nor set him up from his fall, nor cure him of his pain, nor heal him of his sickness. Yes, it brought him, after might and strength, To evil waters from which there is no return. When he saw there was no escape, and that It is death, from which caution cannot save him, He regretted, when regret availed him nothing, And the great sins made him weep. He wept over what had passed of his sins, and lamented what he had left behind of his world, when seeking forgiveness would not benefit him, nor would apology save him, at the terror of death and the descent of calamity. His sorrows and anxieties encompassed him, And he despaired when excuses failed him. He has no reliever from the anguish of death, And no helper against what he fears. His soul starts up in fear of death, The throat and jaws drive it back. Then his visitors became light, and his family and children abandoned him, and the cry rose with wailing, and they despaired of the sick man. They closed his eyes with their hands, and he stretched out his legs as his spirit departed. How many a pained one weeps over him, and a bereaved one, And one seeking patience, but he is not patient. And one saying 'We belong to God', calling God sincerely, Recounting from him the best of what he remembers. And how many a gloater rejoices at his death; And before long, he will be like what he has become. His women tore their garments, and his slave women struck their cheeks, and his neighbors wailed for his loss, and his brothers grieved for his affliction. Then they turned to preparing his burial, and rolled up their sleeves to bring him forth. And the dearest of the people to him remained, Urging and hastening his burial. And those who were brought to wash him rolled up their sleeves, And a digger turned toward the grave. He was shrouded in two garments, and his brothers And kinsmen gathered to escort him. If you had seen the youngest of his children, with grief overcoming his heart, and fainting from distress over him, and tears staining his cheeks, while he lamented his father and said: Alas, my father! You would have seen from the ugliness of death a sight That terrifies the one who beholds it, and the onlooker is alarmed. The older children, whose grief is stirred up, When the younger sons forget him. And the wailing of women lamenting over him, Their tears abundant upon the cheeks. Then he was brought out from the spaciousness of his palace to the narrowness of his grave. When he settled in the niche, the bricks fell in over him, and they threw dust upon him with their hands, and increased their writhing and weeping over him. Then they stood for a while over him, and despaired of looking upon him. So they turned upon him lamenting, and all of them were wary of the like of what his brother had met, Like grazing sheep secure, when a bare-armed, unsheathing slaughterer appeared to them with his knife, They were startled and did not graze for a little while, and they bolted; but when the one who was to slaughter them went away, They returned to their pasture and forgot what had befallen their sister. Did we then follow the example of the beasts' deeds? Or did we proceed upon their wont? Return to mentioning the one conveyed to the abode of decay and dust, and take heed by his place beneath the soil, thrust to the terror of what you see. He rested alone in his grave, while his kinsfolk and close relatives divided his inheritance among themselves, They leaned over his wealth, apportioning it, with none among them praising or thanking for it. O you who make the world thrive, O you who strive for it, O you who feel secure from the turning of the turns of fate, How have you felt secure from this state when you are inevitably bound to it? Or how can you enjoy your life, while it is your mount toward your death? Or how can you relish your food while you await your fate? And you have not provisioned for departure, though it has drawn near, and you are, upon a state, soon to be a traveler. Alas for my soul! How long shall I defer my repentance while my life is wasting away and destruction regards me? And all that I have sent ahead is recorded in the scrolls; a just, capable judge will recompense for it. How often do you patch your world with your hereafter, and ride your caprice in that? I see you weak of certainty, O you who prefer this world over the religion. Did the Most Merciful command you to this? Or upon this was the Quran sent down? You ruin what endures and you build what passes away; neither is that preserved nor is that inhabited. And will you have an excuse before God if death comes upon you suddenly, and you have not earned any good? Will you be content that life perishes and elapses, while your religion is deficient and your wealth is abundant? The people of history have differed concerning the year in which ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn died. The well-known report from the majority is that he died in this year, meaning the year ninety-four, at its beginning, at the age of fifty-eight, and that the funeral prayer was said over him in al-Baqīʿ and he was buried there. Al-Fallās said: Saʿīd b. al-Musayyib, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, ʿUrwah, and Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān died in the year ninety-four. Some of them said: He died in ninety-two or ninety-three. Al-Madāʾinī was anomalous in his statement that he died in the year ninety-nine. And God knows best. Among the notable figures who died in it: Among the wonders: three men who lived at one time, and they were cousins, each of them named ʿAlī, and they had three sons, each named Muḥammad, and the fathers and sons were noble scholars: ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, and ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar. Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ḥārith b. Hishām b. al-Mughīrah b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm, the Qurashī of Madinah, one of the seven jurists. It is said his name was Muḥammad. And it is said his name was Abū Bakr, and his kunyah was Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. The correct view is that his name and his kunyah were one and the same, and he had many children and brothers. He was a venerable Successor. He narrated from ʿAmmār, Abū Hurayrah, Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, ʿĀʾishah, Umm Salamah, and others. A group narrated from him: among them his sons Salamah, ʿAbd Allāh, ʿAbd al-Malik, and ʿUmar, his freedman Sumayy, ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī, ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, ʿAmr b. Dīnār, Mujāhid, and al-Zuhrī. He was born during the caliphate of ʿUmar and was called the monk of Quraysh because of his abundant prayer. He was blind, fasted perpetually, and was of great trustworthiness, integrity, fiqh, and soundness of transmission. ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān honored him and recognized his merit, and he said: I intend something to do to the people of Madinah because of their bad conduct toward us, but I remember Abū Bakr b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān and feel ashamed before him, and I abandon that matter for his sake. He had many virtues. Abū Dāwūd said: He had become blind, and when he prostrated he placed his hand in a basin because of an ailment he suffered. The correct view is that he died in this year. It is also said: in the year before it. And it is said: in the year after it. And God knows best.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.