Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2327
Then the Year Seventy-Six Began
خروج صَالِحِ بْنِ مُسَرِّحٍ أَمِيرِ الصُّفْرِيَّةِ وَشَبِيبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ على محمد بن مروان ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ سِتٍّ وَسَبْعِينَ وَكَانَ فِي أَوَّلِهَا فِي مُسْتَهَلِّ صَفَرٍ مِنْهَا لَيْلَةَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ اجْتِمَاعُ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُسَرِّحٍ أَمِيرِ الصُّفْرِيَّةِ، وَشَبِيبِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ أَحَدِ شُجْعَانِ الْخَوَارِجِ، فَقَامَ فِيهِمْ صَالِحُ بْنُ مُسَرِّحٍ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَحَثَّهُمْ عَلَى الْجِهَادِ، وَأَنْ لَا يُقَاتِلُوا أَحَدًا حَتَّى يَدْعُوهُ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ مَعَهُمْ. ثُمَّ مَالُوا إِلَى دَوَابِّ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، نَائِبِ الْجَزِيرَةِ لِأَخِيهِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، فَأَخَذُوهَا فَتَقْوَوْا بِهَا، وَأَقَامُوا بِأَرْضِ دَارَا ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً، وَتَحَصَّنَ مِنْهُمْ أَهْلُ دَارَا وَنَصِيبِينَ وَسِنْجَارَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ نَائِبُ الْجَزِيرَةِ خَمْسَمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، عَلَيْهِمْ عَدِيُّ بْنُ عَدِيِّ بْنِ عُمَيْرَةَ، ثُمَّ زَادَهُ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ أُخْرَى، فَسَارَ فِي أَلْفٍ مِنْ حَرَّانَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَكَأَنَّمَا يُسَاقُ إِلَى الْمَوْتِ وَهُوَ يَنْظُرُ ; لِمَا يَعْلَمُ مِنْ جَلَدِ الْخَوَارِجِ وَقُوَّتِهِمْ وَشِدَّةِ بِأَسِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَى مَعَ الْخَوَارِجِ هَزَمُوهُ هَزِيمَةً شَنِيعَةً بَالِغَةً، وَاحْتَوَوْا عَلَى مَا فِي مُعَسْكَرِهِ، وَرَجَعَ فَلُّهُمْ إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ فَغَضِبَ، وَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَلْفًا وَخَمْسَمِائَةٍ مَعَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ جَعْوَنَةَ، وَأَلْفًا وَخَمْسَمِائَةٍ مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَزْءٍ السُّلَمِيِّ، وَقَالَ لَهُمَا: أَيُّكُمَا سَبَقَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَهُوَ الْأَمِيرُ عَلَى النَّاسِ. فَسَارُوا إِلَيْهِمْ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافِ مُقَاتِلٍ، وَالْخَوَارِجُ فِي نَحْوٍ مِنْ مِائَةِ نَفْسٍ، وَعَشَرَةِ أَنْفُسٍ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَى آمِدَ تَوَجَّهَ صَالِحٌ إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ جَزْءٍ فِي شَطْرِ النَّاسِ، وَوَجَّهَ شَبِيبًا إِلَى الْحَارِثِ بْنِ جَعْوَنَةَ فِي الْبَاقِينَ، فَاقْتَتَلَ النَّاسُ فِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا إِلَى اللَّيْلِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْمَسَاءُ انْكَفَّ كُلٌّ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ عَنِ الْآخَرِ، وَقَدْ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْخَوَارِجِ نَحْوَ السَّبْعِينَ، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ ابْنِ مَرْوَانَ نَحْوَ الثَّلَاثِينَ. مقتل صالح بن مسرح على يد الحارث بن عميرة وَهَرَبَتِ الْخَوَارِجُ فِي اللَّيْلِ، فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ الْجَزِيرَةِ، وَأَخَذُوا فِي أَرْضِ الْمَوْصِلِ، وَمَضَوْا حَتَّى قَطَعُوا الدَّسْكَرَةَ، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمِ الْحَجَّاجُ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ مَعَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عُمَيْرَةَ، فَسَارَ نَحْوَهُمْ حَتَّى لَحِقَهُمْ بِأَرْضِ الْمَوْصِلِ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَ صَالِحٍ سِوَى تِسْعِينَ رَجُلًا، فَالْتَقَى مَعَهُمْ، وَقَدْ جَعَلَ صَالِحٌ أَصْحَابَهُ ثَلَاثَةَ كَرَادِيسَ ; فَهُوَ فِي كُرْدُوسٍ، وَشَبِيبٌ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ فِي كُرْدُوسٍ، وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ فِي كُرْدُوسٍ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُمَيْرَةَ، وَعَلَى مَيْمَنَتِهِ أَبُو الرَّوَّاغِ الشَّاكِرِيُّ، وَعَلَى مَيْسَرَتِهِ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ الْأَرْوَحِ التَّمِيمِيُّ، فَصَبَرَتِ الْخَوَارِجُ عَلَى قِلَّتِهِمْ صَبْرًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ انْكَشَفَ وَسُوَيْدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثُمَّ قُتِلَ صَالِحُ بْنُ مُسَرِّحٍ أَمِيرُهُمْ، وَصُرِعَ شَبِيبٌ عَنْ فَرَسِهِ، فَالْتَفَّ عَلَيْهِ بَقِيَّةُ الْخَوَارِجَ حَتَّى احْتَمَلُوهُ، فَدَخَلُوا بِهِ حِصْنًا هُنَالِكَ، وَقَدْ بَقِيَ مَعَهُمْ سَبْعُونَ رَجُلًا، فَأَحَاطَ بِهِمُ الْحَارِثُ بْنُ عُمَيْرَةَ، وَأَمَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ أَنْ يَحْرِقُوا الْبَابَ، فَفَعَلُوا، وَرَجَعَ النَّاسُ إِلَى مُعَسْكَرِهِمْ يَنْتَظِرُونَ حَرِيقَ الْبَابَ، فَيَأْخُذُونَ الْخَوَارِجَ قَهْرًا، فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ النَّاسُ وَاطْمَأَنُّوا خَرَجَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَوَارِجُ مِنَ الْبَابِ عَلَى الصَّعْبِ وَالذَّلُولِ، فَبَيَّتُوا جَيْشَ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عُمَيْرَةَ، فَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً، وَهَرَبَ النَّاسُ سِرَاعًا إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ، وَاحْتَازَ شَبِيبٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ مَا فِي مُعَسْكَرِهِمْ، فَكَانَ جَيْشُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عُمَيْرَةَ أَوَّلَ جَيْشٍ هَزَمَهُ شَبِيبٌ، وَكَانَ مَقْتَلُ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُسَرِّحٍ فِي يَوْمِ الثُّلَاثَاءِ لِثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً بَقِيَتْ مِنْ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ. دخول شبيب الكوفة ومعه زوجته وَفِيهَا دَخَلَ شَبِيبٌ الْكُوفَةَ وَمَعَهُ زَوْجَتُهُ غَزَالَةُ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ شَبِيبًا جَرَتْ لَهُ فُصُولٌ يَطُولُ تَفْصِيلُهَا بَعْدَ مَقْتَلِ صَالِحِ بْنِ مُسَرِّحٍ، وَاجْتَمَعَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْخَوَارِجُ وَبَايَعُوهُ. بعث الحجاج الثقفي البعوث والسرايا إلى شبيب وَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ الْحَجَّاجُ جَيْشًا آخَرَ، فَقَاتَلُوهُ فَهَزَمُوهُ ثُمَّ هَزَمَهُمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ فَحَاصَرَ الْمَدَائِنَ، فَلَمْ يَنَلْ مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، فَسَارَ فَأَخَذَ دَوَابَّ لِلْحَجَّاجِ مِنْ كَلْوَاذَا، وَمِنْ عَزْمِهِ أَنْ يُبَيِّتَ أَهْلَ الْمَدَائِنِ، فَهَرَبَ مَنْ فِيهَا مِنَ الْجُنْدِ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ الْفَلُّ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ جَهَّزَ جَيْشًا أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافِ مُقَاتِلٍ إِلَى شَبِيبٍ، فَمَرُّوا عَلَى الْمَدَائِنِ، ثُمَّ سَارُوا فِي طَلَبِ شَبِيبٍ، فَجَعَلَ شَبِيبٌ يَسِيرُ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ قَلِيلًا قَلِيلًا، وَهُوَ يُرِيهِمْ أَنَّهُ خَائِفٌ مِنْهُمْ، ثُمَّ يَكُرُّ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ عَلَى الْمُقَدِّمَةِ فَيَكْسِرُهَا، وَيَنْهَبُ مَا فِيهَا، وَلَا يُوَاجِهُ أَحَدًا إِلَّا هَزَمَهُ، وَالْحَجَّاجُ يُلِحُّ فِي طَلَبِهِ، وَيُجَهِّزُ إِلَيْهِ السَّرَايَا وَالْبُعُوثَ وَالْمَدَدَ، وَشَبِيبٌ لَا يُبَالِي بِأَحَدٍ، وَإِنَّ مَا مَعَهُ مِائَةٌ وَسِتُّونَ فَارِسًا، وَهَذَا مِنْ أَعْجَبِ الْعَجَبِ، ثُمَّ سَارَ مِنْ طَرِيقٍ أُخْرَى حَتَّى وَاجَهَ الْكُوفَةَ، وَهُوَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يُحَاصِرَهَا، فَخَرَجَ الْجَيْشُ بِكَمَالِهِ إِلَى السَّبَخَةِ لِقِتَالِهِ، وَبِلَغَهُ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ يُبَالِ بِهِمْ، وَانْزَعَجَ النَّاسُ، وَخَافُوا مِنْهُ وَفَرِقُوا، وَهَمُّوا أَنْ يَدْخُلُوا الْكُوفَةَ خَوْفًا مِنْهُ، فَيَتَحَصَّنُوا فِيهَا مِنْهُ، حَتَّى قِيلَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ سُوَيْدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ فِي آثَارِهِمْ، وَقَدِ اقْتَرَبَ مِنْهُمْ، وَشَبِيبٌ نَازِلٌ بِالْكُوفَةِ بِالدَّيْرِ، لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ خَبَرٌ مِنْهُمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ، وَقَدْ أَمَرَ بِطَعَامٍ وَشِوَاءٍ أَنْ يُصْنَعَ لَهُ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: قَدْ جَاءَكَ الْجُنْدُ فَأَدْرِكْ نَفْسَكَ. فَجَعَلَ لَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَلَا يَكْتَرِثُ بِهِمْ، وَيَقُولُ لِلدِّهْقَانِ الَّذِي يَصْنَعُ لَهُ الطَّعَامَ: عَجِّلْ بِهِ. فَلَمَّا اسْتَوَى أَكَلَهُ، ثُمَّ تَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ صَلَاةً تَامَّةً بِتَطْوِيلٍ وَطُمَأْنِينَةٍ، ثُمَّ لَبِسَ دِرْعَهُ، وَتَقَلَّدَ سَيْفَيْنِ، وَأَخَذَ عَمُودَ حَدِيدٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَسْرِجُوا لِي الْبَغْلَةَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَخُوهُ مُصَادٌ: أَفِي هَذَا الْيَوْمِ تَرْكَبُ بَغْلَةً، وَقَدْ أَحَاطَ بِكَ الْأَعْدَاءُ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَرَكِبَهَا، ثُمَّ فَتَحَ بَابَ الدَّيْرِ الَّذِي هُوَ فِيهِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا أَبُو الْمُدَلَّهِ، لَا حُكْمَ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ، وَتَقَدَّمَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْجَيْشِ الَّذِي تَقَدَّمُوا إِلَيْهِ، فَضَرَبَهُ بِالْعَمُودِ الْحَدِيدِ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَهُوَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُجَالِدِ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَى الْجَيْشِ الْآخَرِ الْكَثِيفِ فَصَرَعَ أَمِيرَهُ، وَهَرَبَ النَّاسُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ، وَلَجَئُوا إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ. محاربة شبيب أهل البادية وَمَضَى شَبِيبٌ حَتَّى أَغَارَ عَلَى أَسْفَلِ الْفُرَاتِ، وَقَتَلَ جَمَاعَةً هُنَاكَ. دخول شبيب الكوفة وَخَرَجَ الْحَجَّاجُ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ إِلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْكُوفَةِ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ، ثُمَّ اقْتَرَبَ شَبِيبٌ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ يُرِيدُ دُخُولَهَا، فَأَعْلَمَ الدَّهَاقِينُ عُرْوَةَ بْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ بِذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى الْحَجَّاجِ يُعْلِمُهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَأَسْرَعَ الْحَجَّاجُ الْخُرُوجَ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ، وَقَصَدَ الْكُوفَةَ، فَأَسْرَعَ السَّيْرَ، وَبَادَرَهُ شَبِيبٌ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ، فَسَبَقَهُ الْحَجَّاجُ إِلَيْهَا، فَدَخَلَهَا الْعَصْرَ. ضربة شبيب وَوَصَلَ شَبِيبٌ إِلَى الْمِرْبَدِ عِنْدَ الْغُرُوبِ، فَلَمَّا كَانَ آخِرُ اللَّيْلِ دَخَلَ شَبِيبٌ الْكُوفَةَ، وَقَصَدَ قَصْرَ الْإِمَارَةِ، فَضَرَبَ بَابَهُ بِعَمُودِهِ الْحَدِيدِ، فَأَثَّرَتْ ضَرْبَتُهُ فِي الْبَابِ، فَكَانَتْ تُعْرَفُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ؛ يُقَالُ: هَذِهِ ضَرْبَةُ شَبِيبٍ، وَسَلَكَ فِي طُرُقِ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَتَقَصَّدَ مَحَالَّ الْقَبَائِلِ، وَقَتَلَ رِجَالًا مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ وَأَشْرَافِهِمْ، مِنْهُمْ أَبُو سُلَيْمٍ وَالِدُ لَيْثِ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ، وَعَدِيُّ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَأَزْهَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَامِرِيُّ، فِي طَائِفَةٍ كَثِيرَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ، وَكَانَ مَعَ شَبِيبٍ امْرَأَتُهُ غَزَالَةُ، وَكَانَتْ مَعْرُوفَةً بِالشَّجَاعَةِ، فَدَخَلَتْ مَسْجِدَ الْكُوفَةِ، وَجَلَسَتْ عَلَى مِنْبَرِهِ، وَجَعَلَتْ تَذُمُّ بَنِي مَرْوَانَ. وَنَادَى الْحَجَّاجُ فِي النَّاسِ: يَا خَيْلَ اللَّهِ ارْكَبِي وَأَبْشِرِي. فَخَرَجَ شَبِيبٌ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ، فَجَهَّزَ الْحَجَّاجُ فِي أَثَرِهِ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ مُقَاتِلٍ، فَسَارُوا وَرَاءَهُ، وَهُوَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ، يَنْعَسُ وَيَهُزُّ رَأْسَهُ، وَفِي أَوْقَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ يَكُرُّ عَلَيْهِمْ شَبِيبٌ، فَيَقْتُلُ مِنْهُمْ جَمَاعَةً، حَتَّى قَتَلَ مَنْ جَيْشِ الْحَجَّاجِ خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا، وَقَتَلَ جَمَاعَةً مِنَ الْأُمَرَاءِ، مِنْهُمْ: زَائِدَةُ بْنُ قُدَامَةَ - قَتَلَهُ شَبِيبٌ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ الْمُخْتَارِ - مُحَارَبَةِ شَبِيبٍ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ وَقَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ قَطَنٍ فَوَجَّهَ الْحَجَّاجُ مَكَانَهُ لِحَرْبِهِ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْأَشْعَثِ، فَلَمْ يُقَابِلْ شَبِيبًا وَرَجَعَ، فَوَجَّهَ مَكَانَهُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ قَطَنٍ الْحَارِثِيَّ، فَالْتَقَوْا فِي آخِرِ السَّنَةِ، فَقُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ قَطَنٍ، وَانْهَزَمَتْ جُمُوعُهُ بَعْدَ أَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ سِتُّمِائَةِ نَفْسٍ، فَمِنْ أَعْيَانِهِمْ عَقِيلُ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ السَّلُولِيُّ، وَخَالِدُ بْنُ نَهِيكٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ، وَالْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ. استفحال أمر شبيب وَاسْتَفْحَلَ أَمْرُ شَبِيبٍ، وَتَزَلْزَلَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَ الْحَجَّاجُ، وَسَائِرُ الْأُمَرَاءِ، وَخَافَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ مِنْهُ خَوْفًا شَدِيدًا، فَبَعَثَ لَهُ جَيْشًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، فَقَدِمُوا فِي السَّنَةِ الْآتِيَةِ، وَإِنَّ مَا مَعَ شَبِيبٍ شِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلَةٌ، وَقَدْ مَلَأَ قُلُوبَ النَّاسِ رُعْبًا، وَجَرَتْ خُطُوبٌ كَثِيرَةٌ لَهُ مَعَهُمْ، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ دَأْبَهُ وَدَأْبَهُمْ حَتَّى اسْتَهَلَّتْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةُ. أول من ضرب الدراهم والدنانير المنقوشة قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ نَقَشَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ عَلَى الدَّرَاهِمِ وَالدَّنَانِيرِ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ نَقَشَهَا. وَقَالَ الْقَاضِي الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ فِي كِتَابِ " الْأَحْكَامِ السُّلْطَانِيَّةِ ": اخْتُلِفَ فِي أَوَّلِ مَنْ ضَرَبَهَا بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ ; فَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ ضَرَبَ الدَّرَاهِمَ الْمَنْقُوشَةَ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ، وَكَانَتِ الدَّنَانِيرُ رُومِيَّةٌ، وَالدَّرَاهِمُ كِسْرَوِيَّةٌ. قَالَ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ وَكَانَ نَقْشُهُ لَهَا فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ وَسَبْعِينَ. وَقَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: خَمْسٍ وَسَبْعِينَ. وَضُرِبَتْ فِي الْآفَاقِ سَنَةَ سِتَّةٍ وَسَبْعِينَ. وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ ضُرِبَ عَلَى الْجَانِبِ الْوَاحِدِ مِنْهَا " اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ "، وَعَلَى الْوَجْهِ الْآخَرِ " اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ "، قَالَ: وَحَكَى يَحْيَى بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ الْغِفَارِيُّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ ضَرَبَ الدَّرَاهِمَ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ أَمْرِ أَخِيهِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، سَنَةَ سَبْعِينَ، عَلَى ضَرْبِ الْأَكَاسِرَةِ، وَعَلَيْهَا " الْمُلْكُ بَرَكَةٌ " مِنْ جَانِبٍ، وَ " لِلَّهِ " مِنْ جَانِبٍ، ثُمَّ غَيَّرَهَا الْحَجَّاجُ، وَكَتَبَ اسْمَهُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ جَانِبٍ، ثُمَّ خَلَّصَهَا بَعْدَهُ يُوسُفُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ فِي أَيَّامِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ، ثُمَّ خَلَّصَهَا أَجْوَدَ مِنْهَا خَالِدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقَسْرِيُّ فِي أَيَّامِ هِشَامٍ، ثُمَّ يُوسُفُ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَجْوَدَ مِنْهُمْ كُلِّهِمْ. وَلِذَلِكَ كَانَ الْمَنْصُورُ لَا يَقْبَلُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا الْهُبَيْرِيَّةَ وَالْخَالِدِيَّةَ وَالْيُوسُفِيَّةَ. وَذَكَرَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ لِلنَّاسِ نُقُودٌ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ، مِنْهَا الدِّرْهَمُ الْبَغْلِيُّ، وَكَانَ ثَمَانِيَةَ دَوَانِقَ، وَالطَّبَرِيُّ وَكَانَ أَرْبَعَةَ دَوَانِقَ، وَالْمِصْرِيُّ ثَلَاثَةَ دَوَانِقَ، وَالْيَمَنِيُّ دَانَقًا، فَجَمَعَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ بَيْنَ الْبَغْلِيِّ وَالطَّبَرِيِّ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ نِصْفَهَا فَجَعَلَهُ الدِّرْهَمَ الشَّرْعِيَّ، وَهُوَ نِصْفُ مِثْقَالٍ وَخُمْسُ مِثْقَالٍ، وَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ الْمِثْقَالَ لَمْ يُغَيِّرُوا وَزْنَهُ فِي جَاهِلِيَّةٍ وَلَا إِسْلَامٍ، وَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ميلاد مروان الحمار وَفِيهَا وُلِدَ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ، وَهُوَ مَرْوَانُ الْحِمَارُ، آخِرُ مَنْ تَوَلَّى الْخِلَافَةَ مِنْ بَنِي أُمَيَّةَ بِالشَّامِ، وَمِنْهُ أَخَذَهَا بَنُو الْعَبَّاسِ. تولية أبان بن عثمان نيابة المدينة وحجه بالناس في هذه السنة وَفِيهَا وَلَّى عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ نِيَابَةَ الْمَدِينَةِ لَأَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ، وَعَزَلَ عَنْهَا يَحْيَى بْنَ مَرْوَانَ عَمَّهُ، وَاسْتَدْعَاهُ إِلَى الشَّامِ. من حج بالناس في هذه السنة وَفِيهَا حَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ أَبَانِ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ نَائِبَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَكَانَ عَلَى إِمْرَةِ الْعِرَاقِ الْحَجَّاجُ، وَعَلَى خُرَاسَانَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَفَدَ يَحْيَى بْنُ الْحَكَمِ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَفَدَ يَحْيَى بْنُ الْحَكَمِ عَلَى عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ. غزو الروم من ناحية ملطية وَفِيهَا غَزَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَرْوَانَ الرُّومَ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ مَلَطْيَةَ. ميلاد مروان بن محمد وَفِيهَا: وُلِدَ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ.
Translation
✧ The emergence of Ṣāliḥ b. Musarriḥ, commander of the Ṣufriyyah, and Shabīb b. Yazīd against Muḥammad b. Marwān Then the year seventy-six began. At its beginning, on the night of Wednesday at the start of Ṣafar, there was the gathering of Ṣāliḥ b. Musarriḥ, commander of the Ṣufriyyah, and Shabīb b. Yazīd, one of the brave men of the Khawārij. Ṣāliḥ b. Musarriḥ stood among them, commanded them to fear God, urged them to jihād, and that they should not fight anyone until they had called him to join them. Then they turned to the mounts of Muḥammad b. Marwān, the governor of al-Jazīrah for his brother ʿAbd al-Malik, and took them, thereby strengthening themselves. They stayed in the land of Dārā for thirteen nights, and the people of Dārā, Naṣībīn, and Sinjār fortified themselves against them. Muḥammad b. Marwān, the governor of al-Jazīrah, sent against them five hundred horsemen, commanded by ʿAdī b. ʿAdī b. ʿUmayrah, then reinforced him with another five hundred. He marched from Ḥarrān against them with a thousand, as if he were being driven to death while he looked on, because he knew of the fortitude of the Khawārij, their strength, and the severity of their might. When he met the Khawārij, they routed him in a disgraceful and complete rout, and seized what was in his camp. His survivors returned to Muḥammad b. Marwān, who was angered, and sent against them fifteen hundred with al-Ḥārith b. Jaʿwanah, and fifteen hundred with Khālid b. Jazʾ al-Sulamī. He said to the two of them: "Whichever of you reaches them first will be the commander over the people." They marched against them with three thousand fighting men, while the Khawārij were about a hundred and ten men. When they reached Āmid, Ṣāliḥ headed toward Khālid b. Jazʾ with half the people, and he dispatched Shabīb against al-Ḥārith b. Jaʿwanah with the rest. The people fought a severe battle that day until nightfall. When evening came, each of the two parties withdrew from the other, and about seventy of the Khawārij had been killed, while about thirty of Ibn Marwān's men had been killed. The killing of Ṣāliḥ b. Musarriḥ at the hands of al-Ḥārith b. ʿUmayrah The Khawārij fled by night, leaving al-Jazīrah and entering the land of al-Mawṣil. They continued until they crossed al-Daskarah. Al-Ḥajjāj sent against them three thousand with al-Ḥārith b. ʿUmayrah, who marched toward them until he caught up with them in the land of al-Mawṣil, while Ṣāliḥ had only ninety men with him. He met them, and Ṣāliḥ had formed his companions into three squadrons: he was in one squadron, Shabīb was on his right in another squadron, and Suwayd b. Sulaymān was on his left in another squadron. Al-Ḥārith b. ʿUmayrah charged them, with Abū al-Rawwāgh al-Shākirī on his right wing and al-Zubayr b. al-Arwaḥ al-Tamīmī on his left wing. The Khawārij, despite their small number, held firm with great steadfastness. Then Suwayd b. Sulaymān was exposed, and then Ṣāliḥ b. Musarriḥ, their commander, was killed. Shabīb was thrown from his horse, and the rest of the Khawārij gathered around him until they carried him off and entered with him into a fortress nearby. Seventy men remained with them. Al-Ḥārith b. ʿUmayrah surrounded them and ordered his men to burn the gate, and they did so. The people returned to their camp, waiting for the gate to burn so that they could take the Khawārij by force. When the people returned and felt secure, the Khawārij came out upon them from the gate on the rough and the smooth, and they fell upon the army of al-Ḥārith b. ʿUmayrah by night, killing a great number of them. The people fled quickly to al-Madāʾin, and Shabīb and his companions seized what was in their camp. Thus the army of al-Ḥārith b. ʿUmayrah was the first army that Shabīb routed. The death of Ṣāliḥ b. Musarriḥ was on Tuesday, thirteen nights remaining of Jumādā al-Ākhirah of this year. Shabīb's entry into al-Kūfah with his wife In this year, Shabīb entered al-Kūfah with his wife Ghazālah. That was because after the death of Ṣāliḥ b. Musarriḥ, Shabīb had episodes that would take long to detail, and the Khawārij gathered around him and pledged allegiance to him. Al-Ḥajjāj al-Thaqafī's dispatch of expeditions and raiding parties against Shabīb Al-Ḥajjāj sent another army against him. They fought him and routed him, but then he routed them after that. Then he marched and besieged al-Madāʾin but gained nothing from it. He marched on and seized mounts belonging to al-Ḥajjāj from Kalwādhā. It was his intention to fall upon the people of al-Madāʾin by night, but the troops inside it fled to al-Kūfah. When the survivors reached al-Ḥajjāj, he equipped an army of four thousand fighting men against Shabīb. They passed by al-Madāʾin and then marched in pursuit of Shabīb. Shabīb proceeded ahead of them little by little, making them think he was afraid of them, then he charged at the vanguard at every moment, breaking it and plundering what was in it. He faced no one without routing him. Al-Ḥajjāj persisted in pursuing him and sent raiding parties, expeditions, and reinforcements against him, while Shabīb cared about no one, even though he had only a hundred and sixty horsemen with him. This is among the most astonishing of wonders. Then he marched by another route until he faced al-Kūfah, intending to besiege it. The entire army went out to al-Sabakhah to fight him. That news reached him, but he paid no attention to them. The people became agitated and feared him, and they panicked. They considered entering al-Kūfah out of fear of him, to fortify themselves in it against him, until it was said to them: "Suwayd b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān is on their tracks and has drawn near to them. Shabīb is encamped at al-Kūfah at the monastery, with no news of them and no fear. He has ordered food and roast meat to be prepared for him." It was said to him: "The troops have come to you; save yourself." But he paid no attention to that and did not care about them. He said to the village chief who was preparing the food for him: "Hurry with it." When it was ready, he ate it, then performed ablution, then prayed with his companions a complete prayer with prolongation and tranquility. Then he put on his coat of mail, girded himself with two swords, took an iron mace, and said: "Saddle the mule for me." His brother Muṣād said to him: "On this day you ride a mule, when the enemies have surrounded you on every side?" He said: "Yes." He mounted it, then opened the gate of the monastery in which he was, saying: "I am Abū al-Mudallah; no judgment except God's." He advanced toward the commander of the army that had come against him and struck him with the iron mace, killing him. That was Saʿīd b. al-Mujālid. Then he charged the other dense army and brought down its commander, and the people fled before him and took refuge in al-Kūfah. Shabīb's fighting the people of the desert Shabīb went on until he raided the lower Euphrates and killed a group there. Shabīb's entry into al-Kūfah Al-Ḥajjāj left al-Kūfah for al-Baṣrah, leaving ʿUrwah b. al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah as his deputy over al-Kūfah. Then Shabīb drew near to al-Kūfah, intending to enter it. The village chiefs informed ʿUrwah b. al-Mughīrah of that, and he wrote to al-Ḥajjāj informing him. Al-Ḥajjāj hastened to leave al-Baṣrah and made for al-Kūfah, traveling quickly. Shabīb raced him to al-Kūfah, but al-Ḥajjāj preceded him there and entered it in the afternoon. The blow of Shabīb Shabīb reached al-Mirbad at sunset. At the end of the night, Shabīb entered al-Kūfah and made for the palace of the emirate. He struck its gate with his iron mace, and his blow left a mark on the gate. It was known thereafter; it was said: "This is the blow of Shabīb." He went through the streets of the city, heading for the quarters of the tribes, and killed men from among the chiefs and nobles of the people of al-Kūfah. Among them were Abū Sulaym, the father of Layth b. Abī Sulaym, ʿAdī b. ʿAmr, and Azhar b. ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿĀmirī, along with a large group of the people of al-Kūfah. Shabīb had with him his wife Ghazālah, who was known for bravery. She entered the mosque of al-Kūfah, sat upon its pulpit, and began to revile the Banū Marwān. Al-Ḥajjāj called out among the people: "O cavalry of God, mount and rejoice!" Shabīb left al-Kūfah, and al-Ḥajjāj equipped six thousand fighting men in his pursuit. They marched behind him while he was ahead of them, dozing and nodding his head. At many times Shabīb charged at them and killed a group of them, until he killed a great many of the army of al-Ḥajjāj, and killed a group of commanders. Among them was Zāʾidah b. Qudāmah—Shabīb killed him, and he was the cousin of al-Mukhtār— Shabīb's fighting ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. al-Ashʿath and the killing of ʿUthmān b. Qaṭan Then al-Ḥajjāj sent in his place to fight him ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Ashʿath, but he did not confront Shabīb and returned. He sent in his place ʿUthmān b. Qaṭan al-Ḥārithī. They met at the end of the year, and ʿUthmān b. Qaṭan was killed, and his forces were routed after six hundred of his companions had been killed. Among their notables were ʿAqīl b. Shaddād al-Salūlī, Khālid b. Nahīk al-Kindī, and al-Aswad b. Rabīʿah. The escalation of Shabīb's affair Shabīb's affair grew serious, and ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, al-Ḥajjāj, and the rest of the commanders were shaken by him. ʿAbd al-Malik feared him with intense fear, so he sent against him an army from the people of Syria. They arrived in the following year. Shabīb had with him only a small band, yet he filled the hearts of the people with terror, and many events occurred between him and them. That remained his practice and theirs until this year began. The first to strike minted dirhams and dinars Ibn Jarīr said: In this year, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān inscribed the dirhams and dinars, and he was the first to inscribe them. Al-Qāḍī al-Māwardī said in his book al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyyah: There is disagreement about the first to strike them in Arabic in Islam. Saʿīd b. al-Musayyab said: The first to strike minted dirhams was ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, while the dinars had been Byzantine and the dirhams Sasanian. Abū al-Zinād said: His inscribing of them was in the year seventy-four. Al-Madāʾinī said: Seventy-five. They were struck in the regions in the year seventy-six. He mentioned that on one side of them was struck "God is One," and on the other face "God, the Eternal." He said: Yaḥyā b. al-Nuʿmān al-Ghifārī related from his father that the first to strike dirhams was Muṣʿab b. al-Zubayr, by the order of his brother ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, in the year seventy, in the manner of the Sasanian coinage, bearing "Kingship is a blessing" on one side and "To God" on the other. Then al-Ḥajjāj changed them and wrote his name on them on one side. Then Yūsuf b. Hubayrah purified them after him in the days of Yazīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik. Then Khālid b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Qasrī purified them better than that in the days of Hishām. Then Yūsuf b. ʿUmar, better than all of them. For that reason, al-Manṣūr would accept only the Hubayrī, the Khālidī, and the Yūsufī from among them. He mentioned that the people had various coins, among them the Baghlī dirham, which was eight dāniqs; the Ṭabarī, which was four dāniqs; the Miṣrī, three dāniqs; and the Yamanī, one dāniq. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb combined the Baghlī and the Ṭabarī, then took half of them and made it the legal dirham, which is half a mithqāl and one-fifth of a mithqāl. They mentioned that the mithqāl's weight was not changed in the Jāhiliyyah or in Islam, but this is debatable, and God knows best. The birth of Marwān al-Ḥimār In this year was born Marwān b. Muḥammad b. Marwān b. al-Ḥakam, who is Marwān al-Ḥimār, the last of the Banū Umayyah to hold the caliphate in Syria, and from him the Banū al-ʿAbbās took it. The appointment of Abān b. ʿUthmān as governor of al-Madīnah and his leading the pilgrimage this year In this year, ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān appointed Abān b. ʿUthmān as governor of al-Madīnah, dismissing from it his uncle Yaḥyā b. Marwān, and summoned him to Syria. Who led the people in pilgrimage this year In this year, Abān b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, the governor of al-Madīnah, led the people in pilgrimage. Over the governorship of Iraq was al-Ḥajjāj, and over Khurāsān was Umayyah b. ʿAbd Allāh, and God knows best. The delegation of Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥakam In this year, Yaḥyā b. al-Ḥakam came as a delegate to ʿAbd al-Malik. The raid against the Byzantines from the direction of Malaṭyah In this year, Muḥammad b. Marwān raided the Byzantines from the direction of Malaṭyah. The birth of Marwān b. Muḥammad In this year, Marwān b. Muḥammad b. Marwān was born.
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