Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2287

The Year 68 AH

وَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ تُرْجُمَانُ الْقُرْآنِ،  وَابْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ الْمَلِكِ الدَّيَّانِ هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ قُصَيٍّ أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ الْهَاشِمِيُّ بْنُ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَبْرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ، وَمُفَسِّرُ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ وَتُرْجُمَانُهُ، كَانَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: الْحَبْرُ وَالْبَحْرُ، رَوَى عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا، وَعَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَأَخَذَ عَنْهُ خَلْقٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَأُمَمٌ مِنَ التَّابِعَيْنِ، وَلَهُ مُفْرَدَاتٌ لَيْسَتْ لِغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ; لِاتِّسَاعِ عِلْمِهِ وَكَثْرَةِ فَهْمِهِ وَكَمَالِ عَقْلِهِ وَسِعَةِ فَضْلِهِ وَنُبْلِ أَصْلِهِ ؓ وَأَرْضَاهُ. وَأُمُّهُ أُمُّ الْفَضْلِ لُبَابَةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ الْهِلَالِيَّةُ أُخْتُ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَهُوَ وَالِدُ الْخُلَفَاءِ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ وَهُوَ أَحَدُ إِخْوَةٍ عَشَرَةٍ ذُكُورٍ لِلْعَبَّاسِ مِنْ أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ، وَهُوَ آخِرُهُمْ مَوْلِدًا، وَقَدْ مَاتَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ فِي بَلَدٍ بَعِيدٍ مِنَ الْآخَرِ جِدًّا،. قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الزِّنْجِيُّ الْمَكِّيُّ، بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الشِّعْبِ جَاءَ أَبِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَرَى أُمَّ الْفَضْلِ قَدِ اشْتَمَلَتْ عَلَى حَمْلٍ، فَقَالَ: " لَعَلَّ اللَّهَ أَنْ يُقِرَّ أَعْيُنَكُمْ " قَالَ: فَأَتَى بِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَنَا فِي خِرْقَةٍ فَحَنَّكَنِي بِرِيقِهِ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: فَلَا نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا حَنَّكَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرِيقِهِ غَيْرَهُ.وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: وُلِدَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ عَامَ الْهِجْرَةِ. وَرَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ، مِنْ طَرِيقِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: وُلِدْتُ قَبْلَ الْهِجْرَةِ بِثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ وَنَحْنُ فِي الشِّعْبِ، وَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، ثُمَّ قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَهَذَا مَا لَا خِلَافَ فِيهِ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، وَاحْتَجَّ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِأَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ نَاهَزَ الْحُلُمَ عَامَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ. وَفِي " صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ " عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا مَخْتُونٌ، وَكَانُوا لَا يَخْتِنُونَ الْغُلَامَ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ. وَقَالَ شُعْبَةُ، وَ هُشَيْمٌ وَأَبُو عَوَانَةَ، بسندهم عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ، مَخْتُونٌ. زَادَ هُشَيْمٌ: وَقَدْ جَمَعْتُ الْمُحْكَمَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قُلْتُ: وَمَا الْمُحْكَمُ ؟ قَالَ: الْمُفَصَّلُ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً مَخْتُونٌ. وَهَذَا هُوَ الْأَصَحُّ، وَيُؤَيِّدُهُ صِحَّةُ مَا ثَبَتَ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ "، وَرَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ بسنده عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَقْبَلْتُ رَاكِبًا عَلَى حِمَارٍ أَتَانٍ، وَأَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ قَدْ نَاهَزْتُ الِاحْتِلَامَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُصَلِّي بِالنَّاسِ بِمِنًى إِلَى غَيْرِ جِدَارٍ، فَمَرَرْتُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ بَعْضِ الصَّفِّ، فَنَزَلْتُ وَأَرْسَلْتُ الْأَتَانَ تَرْتَعُ وَدَخَلْتُ فِي الصَّفِّ، فَلَمْ يُنْكِرْ ذَلِكَ عَلَيَّ أَحَدٌ. وَثَبَتَ عَنْهُ فِي " الصَّحِيحِ " أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَنَا وَأُمِّي مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ ; كَانَتْ أُمِّي مِنَ النِّسَاءِ وَكُنْتُ أَنَا مِنَ الْوِلْدَانِ. وَهَاجَرَ مَعَ أَبِيهِ قَبْلَ الْفَتْحِ، فَاتَّفَقَ لُقْيَاهُمَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ بِالْجُحْفَةِ وَهُوَ ذَاهِبٌ لِفَتْحِ مَكَّةَ، فَشَهِدَ الْفَتْحَ وَحُنَيْنًا وَالطَّائِفَ عَامَ ثَمَانٍ، وَقِيلَ: كَانَ فِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ، وَحَجَّةُ الْوَدَاعِ سَنَةَ عَشْرٍ. وَصَحِبَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مِنْ حِينَئِذٍ وَلَزِمَهُ وَأَخَذَ عَنْهُ وَحَفِظَ، وَضَبَطَ الْأَقْوَالَ وَالْأَفْعَالَ وَالْأَحْوَالَ، وَأَخَذَ عَنِ الصَّحَابَةِ عِلْمًا عَظِيمًا مَعَ الْفَهْمِ الثَّاقِبِ وَالْبَلَاغَةِ وَالْفَصَاحَةِ وَالْجَمَالِ وَالْمَلَاحَةِ وَالْأَصَالَةِ وَالْبَيَانِ، دعاء النبي لعبد الله بن عباس وَدَعَا لَهُ رَسُولُ الرَّحْمَنِ ﷺ، وَذَلِكَ كَمَا وَرَدَتْ بِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ الثَّابِتَةُ الْأَرْكَانِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَا لَهُ بِأَنْ يُعَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ التَّأْوِيلَ، وَأَنْ يُفَقِّهَهُ فِي الدِّينِ  . وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنَّ عُمَرَ كَانَ يَدْعُو عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَيُقَرِّبُهُ وَيَقُولُ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَعَاكَ يَوْمًا فَمَسَحَ رَأْسَكَ، وَتَفَلَ فِي فِيكَ وَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ فَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ وَعَلِّمْهُ التَّأْوِيلَ، وَبِهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ فِيهِ وَانْشُرْ مِنْهُ وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده أَنْ كُرَيْبًا أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ آخَرِ اللَّيْلِ فَصَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَهُ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِي فَجَرَّنِي حَتَّى جَعَلَنِي حِذَاءَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى صِلَاتِهِ خَنَسْتُ، فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا انْصَرَفَ قَالَ لِي: مَا شَأْنِي أَجْعَلُكَ فِي حِذَائِي فَتَخْنِسُ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوَيَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ حِذَاءَكَ، وَأَنْتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ الَّذِي أَعْطَاكَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ؟ قَالَ: فَأَعْجَبْتُهُ، فَدَعَا اللَّهَ لِي أَنْ يَزِيدَنِي عِلْمًا وَفَهْمًا، قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَامَ حَتَّى سَمِعْتُهُ يَنْفُخُ، ثُمَّ أَتَاهُ بِلَالٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، الصَّلَاةُ. فَقَامَ فَصَلَّى مَا أَعَادَ وُضُوءًا. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْخَلَاءَ فَوَضَعْتُ لَهُ وُضُوءًا، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ قَالَ: مَنْ وَضَعَ ذَا ؟ فَقِيلَ: ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ. فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ فَقِّهْهُ فِي الدِّينِ وَعَلِّمْهُ التَّأْوِيلَ وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ جِبْرِيلَ مَرَّتَيْنِ  وَدَعَا لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْحِكْمَةِ مَرَّتَيْنِ وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ:بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ أَبِي عِنْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَعِنْدَهُ رَجُلٌ يُنَاجِيهِ، قَالَ عَفَّانُ: وَهُوَ كَالْمُعْرِضِ عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، فَخَرَجْنَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَقَالَ الْعَبَّاسُ: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى ابْنِ عَمِّكَ كَالْمُعْرِضِ عَنِّي ؟ فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ عِنْدَهُ رَجُلٌ يُنَاجِيهِ. قَالَ عَفَّانُ: قَالَ: أَوَكَانَ عِنْدَهُ أَحَدٌ ؟ قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ أَحَدٌ ; فَإِنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَّهُ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ رَجُلٌ تُنَاجِيهِ ؟ قَالَ: هَلْ رَأَيْتَهُ يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْمَهْدِيِّ عَنْ آبَائِهِ، وَفِيهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لَهُ: أَمَا إِنَّكَ سَتُصَابُ فِي بَصَرِكَ فَكَانَ كَذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي فَضَائِلِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَحَادِيثُ كَثِيرَةٌ مِنْهَا مَا هُوَ مُنْكَرٌ جِدًّا أَضْرَبْنَا عَنْ كَثِيرٍ مِنْهَا صَفْحًا، وَذَكَرْنَا مَا فِيهِ مَقْنَعٌ وَكِفَايَةٌ عَمَّا سِوَاهُ. علم عبد الله بن عباس وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُلْتُ لِرَجُلٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ: هَلُمَّ فَلْنَسْأَلْ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِنَّهُمُ الْيَوْمَ كَثِيرٌ. فَقَالَ: يَا عَجَبًا لَكَ يَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ ! أَتَرَى النَّاسَ يَفْتَقِرُونَ إِلَيْكَ وَفِي النَّاسِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ فِيهِمْ ؟ قَالَ: فَتَرَكَ ذَلِكَ، وَأَقْبَلْتُ أَنَا أَسْأَلُ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَيَبْلُغُنِي الْحَدِيثُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ فَآتِي بَابَهُ وَهُوَ قَائِلٌ، فَأَتَوَسَّدُ رِدَائِي عَلَى بَابِهِ يَسْفِي الرِّيحُ عَلَيَّ مِنَ التُّرَابِ، فَيَخْرُجُ فَيَرَانِي فَيَقُولُ: يَابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، مَا جَاءَ بِكَ ؟ هَلَّا أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيَّ فَآتِيكَ ؟ فَأَقُولُ: لَا، أَنَا أَحَقُّ أَنْ آتِيَكَ. قَالَ: فَأَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْحَدِيثِ. قَالَ: فَعَاشَ هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ حَتَّى رَآنِي وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ حَوْلِي النَّاسُ يَسْأَلُونِي، فَيَقُولُ: هَذَا الْفَتَى كَانَ أَعْقَلَ مِنِّي. وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: وَجَدْتُ عَامَّةَ عِلْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ هَذَا الْحَيِّ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَقِيلُ بِبَابِ أَحَدِهِمْ، وَلَوْ شِئْتُ أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لِي عَلَيْهِ لَأَذِنَ، وَلَكِنْ أَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ طِيبَ نَفْسِهِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: كُنْتُ أَلْزَمُ الْأَكَابِرَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، فَأَسْأَلُهُمْ عَنْ مَغَازِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَكُنْتُ لَا آتِي أَحَدًا مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا سُرَّ بِإِتْيَانِي ; لِقُرْبِي مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَجَعَلْتُ أَسْأَلُ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ يَوْمًا - وَكَانَ مِنَ الرَّاسِخِينَ فِي الْعِلْمِ - عَمَّا نَزَلَ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. فَقَالَ: نَزَلَ سَبْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ سُورَةً وَسَائِرُهَا بِمَكَّةَ. وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ،، عَنْ مَعْمَرٍ، قَالَ: عَامَّةُ عِلْمِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ مِنْ عُمَرَ، وَ عَلِيٍّ، وَ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ. وَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: إِنْ كُنْتُ لَأَسْأَلُ عَنِ الْأَمْرِ الْوَاحِدِ ثَلَاثِينَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَقَالَ مُغِيرَةُ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّى أَصَبْتَ هَذَا الْعِلْمَ ؟ قَالَ: بِلِسَانٍ سَئُولٍ، وَقَلْبٍ عَقُولٍ. وَثَبَتَ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُجْلِسُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ مَعَ مَشَايِخِ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَيَقُولُ: نِعْمَ تُرْجُمَانُ الْقُرْآنِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَكَانَ إِذَا أَقْبَلَ يَقُولُ عُمَرُ: جَاءَ فَتَى الْكُهُولِ، وَذُو اللِّسَانِ السَّئُولِ وَالْقَلْبِ الْعُقُولِ. وَثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ أَنَّ عُمَرَ سَأَلَ الصَّحَابَةَ عَنْ تَفْسِيرِ إِذَا جَاءَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ وَالْفَتْحُ فَسَكَتَ بَعْضٌ وَأَجَابَ بَعْضٌ بِجَوَابٍ لَمْ يَرْتَضِهِ عُمَرُ، ثُمَّ سَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْهَا فَقَالَ: أَجَلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نُعِيَ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: لَا أَعْلَمُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا مَا تَعْلَمُ. وَأَرَادَ عُمَرُ بِذَلِكَ أَنْ يُقَرِّرَ عِنْدَهُمْ جَلَالَةَ قَدْرِهِ، وَكَبِيرَ مَنْزِلَتِهِ فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْفَهْمِ. وَسَأَلَهُ مَرَّةً عَنْ لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ، فَاسْتَنْبَطَ أَنَّهَا فِي اللَّيْلَةِ السَّابِعَةِ مِنَ الْعَشْرِ الْأَخِيرِ، فَاسْتَحْسَنَهُ عُمَرُ وَاسْتَجَادَهُ، كَمَا ذَكَرْنَا فِي التَّفْسِيرِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ بسنده عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، قَالَ: قَالَ عُمَرُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: لَقَدْ عَلِمْتَ عِلْمًا مَا عَلِمْنَاهُ. وَقَالَ الْأَوْزَاعِيُّ: قَالَ عُمَرُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: إِنَّكَ لَأَصْبَحُ فِتْيَانِنَا وَجْهًا، وَأَحْسَنُهُمْ عَقْلًا وَأَفْقَهُهُمْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي أَبِي: إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ يُدْنِيكَ وَيُجْلِسُكَ مَعَ أَكَابِرِ الصَّحَابَةِ، فَاحْفَظْ عَنِّي ثَلَاثًا ; لَا تُفْشِيَنَّ لَهُ سِرًّا، وَلَا تَغْتَابَنَّ عِنْدَهُ أَحَدًا، وَلَا يُجَرِّبَنَّ عَلَيْكَ كَذِبًا. قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفٍ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بَلْ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ. مشاهد عبد الله بن عباس وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بسنده عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، أَنَّ عُمَرَ، وَ عُثْمَانَ كَانَا يَدْعُوَانِ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَيُشِيرُ مَعَ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ  ، وَكَانَ يُفْتِي فِي عَهْدِ عُمَرَ، وَ عُثْمَانَ إِلَى يَوْمِ مَاتَ. قُلْتُ: وَشَهِدَ فَتْحَ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ مَعَ ابْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ. وَقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: نَظَرَ أَبِي إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ يَوْمَ الْجَمَلِ يَمْشِي بَيْنَ الصَّفَّيْنِ، فَقَالَ: أَقَرَّ اللَّهُ عَيْنَ مَنْ لَهُ ابْنُ عَمٍّ مِثْلُ هَذَا. وَقَدْ شَهِدَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ الْجَمَلَ وَصِفِّينَ، وَكَانَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ، وَشَهِدَ مَعَهُ قِتَالَ الْخَوَارِجِ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ أَشَارَ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ أَنْ يَسْتَنِيبَ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَلَى الشَّامِ وَأَنْ لَا يَعْزِلَهُ عَنْهَا فِي بَادِئِ الْأَمْرِ، حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ فِيمَا قَالَ: إِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ عَزْلَهُ فَوَلِّهِ شَهْرًا وَاعْزِلْهُ دَهْرًا. فَأَبَى عَلِيٌّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُقَاتِلَهُ، فَكَانَ مَا كَانَ مِمَّا قَدْ سَبَقَ بَيَانُهُ. وَلَمَّا تَرَاوَضَ الْفَرِيقَانِ عَلَى تَحْكِيمِ الْحَكَمَيْنِ، طَلَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ جِهَةِ عَلِيٍّ ; لِيُكَافِئَ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِ، فَامْتَنَعَتْ مَذْحِجُ وَأَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ جِهَةِ عَلِيٍّ أَبُو مُوسَى الْأَشْعَرِيُّ، فَكَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْحَكَمَيْنِ مَا سَلَفَ أَيْضًا. وَقَدِ اسْتَنَابَهُ عَلِيٌّ عَلَى الْبَصْرَةِ، وَأَقَامَ لِلنَّاسِ الْحَجَّ فِي بَعْضِ السِّنِينَ، فَخَطَبَ بِهِمْ فِي عَرَفَاتٍ خُطْبَةً، وَفَسَّرَ فِيهَا سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: سُورَةَ النُّورِ. قَالَ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ: فَسَّرَ ذَلِكَ تَفْسِيرًا لَوْ سَمِعَتْهُ الرُّومُ وَالتُّرْكُ وَالدَّيْلَمُ لَأَسْلَمُوا. وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ عَرَّفَ بِالنَّاسِ فِي الْبَصْرَةِ  ، فَكَانَ يَصْعَدُ الْمِنْبَرَ لَيْلَةَ عَرَفَةَ، وَيَجْتَمِعُ أَهْلُ الْبَصْرَةِ حَوْلَهُ فَيُفَسِّرُ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَيُذَكِّرُ النَّاسَ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْعَصْرِ إِلَى الْغُرُوبِ، ثُمَّ يَنْزِلُ فَيُصَلِّي بِهِمُ الْمَغْرِبَ. وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ بَعْدَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ ; فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَرِهَ ذَلِكَ وَقَالَ: هُوَ بِدْعَةٌ لَمْ يَعْمَلْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ إِلَّا ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنِ اسْتَحَبَّ ذَلِكَ لِأَجْلِ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ وَمُوَافَقَةِ الْحُجَّاجِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَنْتَقِدُ عَلَى عَلِيٍّ فِي بَعْضِ أَحْكَامِهِ فَيَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ عَلِيٌّ فِي ذَلِكَ، كَمَا قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده أَنَّ عَلِيًّا حَرَّقَ نَاسًا ارْتَدَوْا عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُحَرِّقُهُمْ بِالنَّارِ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: لَا تُعَذِّبُوا بِعَذَابِ اللَّهِ. وَكُنْتُ قَاتِلَهُمْ ; لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَنْ بَدَّلَ دِينَهُ فَاقْتُلُوهُ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ عَلِيًّا فَقَالَ: وَيْحَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ! وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَيْحَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِنَّهُ لَغَوَّاصٌ عَلَى الْهَنَاتِ. وَقَدْ كَافَأَهُ عَلِيٌّ. إباحة عبد الله بن عباس للمتعة والحمر الإنسية فَإِنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ يَرَى إِبَاحَةَ الْمُتْعَةِ، وَتَحْلِيلَ الْحُمْرِ الْإِنْسِيَّةِ  ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ: إِنَّكَ امْرُؤٌ تَائِهٌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَهَى عَنْ نِكَاحِ الْمُتْعَةِ، وَعَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ الْإِنْسِيَّةِ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ. وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مُخْرَّجٌ فِي " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " وَغَيْرِهِمَا، وَلَهُ أَلْفَاظٌ هَذَا مِنْ أَحْسَنِهَا، وَاللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. فضل عبد الله بن عباس وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ بسنده عن أَبَا بَكْرِ بْنَ الْمُؤَمِّلِ يَقُولُ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا نَصْرِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبِيعَةَ يَقُولُ: وَرَدَ صَعْصَعَةُ بْنُ صُوحَانَ عَلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مِنَ الْبَصْرَةِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - وَكَانَ عَلَى خِلَافَتِهِ بِهَا - فَقَالَ صَعْصَعَةُ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّهُ آخِذٌ بِثَلَاثٍ، وَتَارِكٌ لِثَلَاثٍ ; آخِذٌ بِقُلُوبِ الرِّجَالِ إِذَا حَدَّثَ، وَبِحُسْنِ الِاسْتِمَاعِ إِذَا حُدِّثَ، وَبِأَيْسَرِ الْأَمْرَيْنِ إِذَا خُولِفَ، وَتَرْكِ الْمِرَاءِ، وَمُقَارَنَةِ اللَّئِيمِ، وَمَا يُعْتَذَرُ مِنْهُ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بسنده عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا أَحْضَرَ فَهْمًا وَلَا أَلَبَّ لُبًّا، وَلَا أَكْثَرَ عِلْمًا، وَلَا أَوْسَعَ حِلْمًا مِنَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ عُمَرَ يَدْعُوهُ لِلْمُعْضِلَاتِ، ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: عِنْدَكَ، قَدْ جَاءَتْكَ مُعْضِلَةٌ. ثُمَّ لَا يُجَاوِزُ قَوْلَهُ، وَإِنَّ حَوْلَهُ لَأَهْلُ بَدْرٍ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ. وَقَالَ الْأَعْمَشُ بسنده عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ لَوْ أَدْرَكَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَسْنَانَنَا مَا عَشَّرَهُ مِنَّا أَحَدٌ. وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: نِعْمَ تُرْجُمَانُ الْقُرْآنِ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ بسنده عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَقُولُ حِينَ بَلَغَهُ مَوْتُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَصَفَّقَ بِإِحْدَى يَدَيْهِ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى: مَاتَ الْيَوْمَ أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ وَأَحْلَمُ النَّاسِ، وَقَدْ أُصِيبَتْ بِهِ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةُ لَا تُرْتَقُ وعَنْ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ حَزْمٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا مَاتَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ رَافِعُ بْنُ خَدِيجٍ: مَاتَ الْيَوْمَ مَنْ كَانَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ مَنْ بَيْنَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ فِي الْعِلْمِ. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بسنده عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ مُعَاوِيَةَ يَقُولُ: مَوْلَاكَ وَاللَّهِ أَفْقَهُ مَنْ مَاتَ وَمَنْ عَاشَ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ حِينَ كَانَ الصُّلْحُ وَأَوَّلُ مَا الْتَقَيْتُ أَنَا وَهُوَ فَإِذَا عِنْدَهُ أُنَاسٌ، فَقَالَ: مَرْحَبًا بِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، مَا تَحَاكَتِ الْفِتْنَةُ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ أَحَدٍ كَانَ أَعَزَّ عَلَيَّ بُعْدًا وَلَا أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ قُرْبًا، الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَمَاتَ عَلِيًّا، فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُذَمُّ فِي قَضَائِهِ، وَغَيْرُ هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ أَحْسَنُ مِنْهُ، ثُمَّ قُلْتُ لَهُ: إِنِّي أُحِبُّ أَنْ تُعْفِيَنِي مِنِ ابْنِ عَمِّي وَأُعْفِيَكَ مِنِ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ. قَالَ: ذَلِكَ لَكَ. وَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ وَأُمُّ سَلَمَةَ حِينَ حَجَّ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِالنَّاسِ: هُوَ أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ بِالْمَنَاسِكِ. بسنده عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: رَكِبَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فَأَخْذَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِرِكَابِهِ، فَقَالَ: لَا تَفْعَلْ يَابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ هَكَذَا أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَفْعَلَ بِعُلَمَائِنَا. فَقَالَ لَهُ زَيْدٌ: أَرِنِي يَدَيْكَ. فَأَخْرَجَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَبَّلَهُمَا، وَقَالَ: هَكَذَا أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَفْعَلَ بِأَهْلِ بَيْتِ نَبِيِّنَا. وعَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَدْ فَاتَ النَّاسَ بِخِصَالٍ بِعِلْمِ مَا سَبَقَهُ، وَفِقْهٍ فِيمَا احْتِيجَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ رَأْيِهِ، وَحِلْمٍ وَنَسَبٍ وَنَائِلٍ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا كَانَ أَعْلَمَ بِمَا سَبَقَهُ مِنْ حَدِيثِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنْهُ، وَلَا بِقَضَاءِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَعُثْمَانَ مِنْهُ وَلَا أَفْقَهَ فِي رَأْيٍ مِنْهُ، وَلَا أَعْلَمَ بِشِعْرٍ وَلَا عَرَبِيَّةٍ، وَلَا بِتَفْسِيرِ الْقُرْآنِ وَلَا بِحِسَابٍ، وَلَا بِفَرِيضَةٍ مِنْهُ، وَلَا أَعْلَمَ بِمَا مَضَى، وَلَا أَثْبَتَ رَأْيًا فِيمَا احْتِيجَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْهُ، وَلَقَدْ كَانَ يَجْلِسُ يَوْمًا مَا يَذْكُرُ فِيهِ إِلَّا الْفِقْهَ، وَيَوْمًا التَّأْوِيلَ، وَيَوْمًا الْمَغَازِيَ، وَيَوْمًا الشِّعْرَ، وَيَوْمًا أَيَّامَ الْعَرَبِ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ عَالِمًا قَطُّ جَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا خَضَعَ لَهُ، وَمَا رَأَيْتُ سَائِلًا قَطُّ سَأَلَهُ إِلَّا وَجَدَ عِنْدَهُ عِلْمًا. قَالَ: وَرُبَّمَا حَفِظْتُ الْقَصِيدَةَ مِنْ فِيهِ يَنْشِدُهَا ثَلَاثِينَ بَيْتًا. وَقَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قُطُّ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مَجْلِسًا أَكْرَمَ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَكْثَرَ فِقْهًا، وَلَا أَعْظَمَ هَيْبَةً ; أَصْحَابُ الْقُرْآنِ يَسْأَلُونَهُ، وَأَصْحَابُ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ يَسْأَلُونَهُ، وَأَصْحَابُ الشِّعْرِ عَنْهُ يَسْأَلُونَهُ، فَكُلُّهُمْ يَصْدُرُ فِي وَادٍ وَاسِعٍ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ وعَنِ ابْنِ طَاوُسٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ قَدْ بَسَقَ عَلَى النَّاسِ فِي الْعِلْمِ كَمَا تَبْسُقُ النَّخْلَةُ السَّحُوقُ عَلَى الْوَدِيِّ الصِّغَارِ، وَقَالَ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ: قُلْتُ لِطَاوُسٍ: لِمَ لَزِمْتَ هَذَا الْغُلَامَ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ - وَتَرَكْتَ الْأَكَابِرَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي رَأَيْتُ سَبْعِينَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ إِذَا تَدَّارَءُوا فِي شَيْءٍ صَارُوا إِلَى قَوْلِهِ. وَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ أَيْضًا: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَفْقَهَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ: وَمَا خَالَفَهُ أَحَدٌ قَطُّ فَتَرَكَهُ حَتَّى يُقَرِّرَهُ. عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَهُ قَطُّ، وَلَقَدْ مَاتَ يَوْمَ مَاتَ وَإِنَّهُ لَحَبْرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ. وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ. قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يُسَمَّى الْبَحْرَ ; لِكَثْرَةِ عِلْمِهِ. وَرَوَى الْوَاقِدِيُّ، وَالزَّبِيرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ، عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَمَدَّهُمْ قَامَةً، وَأَعْظَمَهُمْ جَفْنَةً، وَأَوْسَعَهُمْ عِلْمًا. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ أَيْضًا: مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا قَطُّ أَعْرَبَ لِسَانًا مِنَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ; وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، قَالَ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مَجْلِسًا قَطُّ أَجْمَعَ لِكُلِّ خَيْرٍ مِنْ مَجْلِسِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ; الْحَلَالُ وَالْحَرَامُ وَتَفْسِيرُ الْقُرْآنِ، وَالْعَرَبِيَّةُ وَالشِّعْرُ، وَالطَّعَامُ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ بسنده عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ، قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنِي مَنْ أَرْسَلَهُ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ أَيُّوبَ إِلَى الْحَسَنِ يَسْأَلُهُ: مَنْ أَوَّلُ مَنْ جَمَّعَ بِالنَّاسِ فِي هَذَا الْمَسْجِدِ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ ؟ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ جَمَّعَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا مِثَجًّا - أَحْسَبُ فِي الْحَدِيثِ - كَثِيرَ الْعِلْمِ، وَكَانَ يَصْعَدُ الْمِنْبَرَ فَيَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ وَيُفَسِّرُهَا آيَةً آيَةً. وَقَالَ يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، قَالَ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ مِنَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَجْلِسًا لَوْ أَنَّ جَمِيعَ قُرَيْشٍ فَخَرَتْ بِهِ لَكَانَ لَهَا فَخْرًا، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ النَّاسَ اجْتَمَعُوا حَتَّى ضَاقَ بِهِمُ الطَّرِيقُ، فَمَا كَانَ أَحَدٌ يَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ يَجِيءَ وَلَا يَذْهَبَ. قَالَ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِمَكَانِهِمْ عَلَى بَابِهِ. فَقَالَ لِي: ضَعْ لِي وَضَوْءًا. قَالَ: فَتَوَضَّأَ وَجَلَسَ، وَقَالَ: اخْرُجْ فَقُلْ لَهُمْ: مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنِ الْقُرْآنِ وَحُرُوفِهِ وَمَا أُرِيدَ مِنْهُ فَلْيَدْخُلْ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَآذَنْتُهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا حَتَّى مَلَئُوا الْبَيْتَ وَالْحُجْرَةَ، فَمَا سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَخْبَرَهُمْ عَنْهُ وَزَادَهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا سَأَلُوا عَنْهُ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِخْوَانَكُمْ. فَخَرَجُوا. ثُمَّ قَالَ: اخْرُجْ فَقُلْ: مَنْ كَانَ يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنْ تَفْسِيرِ الْقُرْآنِ أَوْ تَأْوِيلِهِ فَلْيَدْخُلْ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ، فَآذَنْتُهُمْ. قَالَ: فَدَخَلُوا حَتَّى مَلَئُوا الْبَيْتَ وَالْحُجْرَةَ، فَمَا سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ، وَزَادَهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا سَأَلُوا أَوْ أَكْثَرَ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِخْوَانَكُمْ، فَخَرَجُوا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اخْرُجْ فَقُلْ: مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنِ الْحَلَالِ وَالْحَرَامِ وَالْفِقْهِ فَلْيَدْخُلْ. فَخَرَجْتُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُمْ، فَدَخَلُوا حَتَّى مَلَئُوا الْبَيْتَ وَالْحُجْرَةَ، فَمَا سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ وَزَادَهُمْ مِثْلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ إِخْوَانَكُمْ. فَخَرَجُوا ثُمَّ قَالَ: اخْرُجْ فَقُلْ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنِ الْفَرَائِضِ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا فَلْيَدْخُلْ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَآذَنْتُهُمْ فَدَخَلُوا حَتَّى مَلَئُوا الْبَيْتَ وَالْحُجْرَةَ. فَمَا سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ وَزَادَهُمْ مِثْلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِخْوَانَكُمْ. فَخَرَجُوا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: اخْرُجْ فَقُلْ مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْأَلَ عَنِ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَالشِّعْرِ وَالْغَرِيبِ مِنَ الْكَلَامِ فَلْيَدْخُلْ. قَالَ: فَدَخَلُوا حَتَّى مَلَئُوا الْبَيْتَ وَالْحُجْرَةَ، فَمَا سَأَلُوهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ إِلَّا أَخْبَرَهُمْ بِهِ وَزَادَهُمْ مِثْلَهُ. قَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ: فَلَوْ أَنَّ قُرَيْشًا كُلَّهَا فَخَرَتْ بِذَلِكَ لَكَانَ فَخْرًا، فَمَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ هَذَا لِأَحَدٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ. وَقَالَ طَاوُسٌ، وَ مَيْمُونُ بْنُ مِهْرَانَ: مَا رَأَيْنَا أَوْرَعَ مِنَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَلَا أَفْقَهَ مِنَ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ. قَالَ مَيْمُونٌ: وَكَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَفْقَهَهُمَا. وعَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: كُنْتُ إِذَا رَأَيْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ قُلْتُ: أَجْمَلُ النَّاسِ. فَإِذَا نَطَقَ قُلْتُ: أَفْصَحُ النَّاسِ. فَإِذَا تَحَدَّثَ قُلْتُ: أَعْلَمُ النَّاسِ. وَقَالَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ بسنده عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَعْلَمَهُمَا بِالْقُرْآنِ، وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ أَعْلَمَهُمَا بِالْمُبْهَمَاتِ. وَقَالَ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ كَذَلِكَ ; لِأَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ قَدْ أَخَذَ مَا عِنْدَ عَلِيٍّ مِنَ التَّفْسِيرِ، وَضَمَّ إِلَى ذَلِكَ مَا أَخَذَهُ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَ عُمَرَ، وَ عُثْمَانَ، وَ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، وَغَيْرِهِمْ مِنْ كِبَارِ الصَّحَابَةِ، مَعَ دُعَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَهُ أَنْ يُعَلِّمَهُ اللَّهُ الْكِتَابَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ عَيَّاشٍ، عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ أَبِي النَّجُودِ، عَنْ أَبِي وَائِلٍ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ حَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ عَامَ قَتْلِ عُثْمَانَ، فَقَرَأَ سُورَةَ النُّورِ فَفَسَّرَهَا. وَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ، فَلَعَلَّ الْأَوَّلَ كَانَ فِي زَمَانِ عَلِيٍّ، فَقَرَأَ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَجَّةِ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَفِي فِتْنَةِ عُثْمَانَ سُورَةَ النُّورِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَقَدْ رُوِّينَا عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَنَا مِنَ الرَّاسِخِينَ فِي الْعِلْمِ الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ تَأْوِيلَهُ، وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: عَرَضْتُ الْقُرْآنَ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ، أَقِفُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ آيَةٍ فَأَسْأَلُهُ عَنْهَا. وَرُوِيَ عَنْهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: أَرْبَعٌ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ لَا أَدْرِي مَا هِيَ ; الْأَوَّاهُ، وَالْحَنَّانُ، وَالرَّقِيمُ، وَالْغِسْلِينُ، وَكُلُّ الْقُرْآنِ أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ وَهْبٍ وَغَيْرُهُ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، قَالَ: كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِذَا سُئِلَ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ ; فَإِنْ كَانَتْ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ قَالَ بِهَا، وَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ وَهِيَ فِي السُّنَّةِ قَالَ بِهَا، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقُلْهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَوَجَدَهَا عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَ عُمَرَ قَالَ بِهَا، وَإِلَّا اجْتَهَدَ رَأْيَهُ. وَقَالَ يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ بسنده عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، قَالَ: شَتَمَ رَجُلٌ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ لَتَشْتُمُنِي وَفِيَّ ثَلَاثُ خِصَالٍ، إِنِّي لَآتِي عَلَى الْآيَةِ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ فَلَوَدِدْتُ أَنَّ النَّاسَ عَلِمُوا مِنْهَا مِثْلَ الَّذِي أَعْلَمُ، وَإِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ بِالْحَاكِمِ مِنْ حُكَّامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يَقْضِي بِالْعَدْلِ، فَأَفْرَحُ بِهِ، وَلَعَلِّي لَا أُقَاضِي إِلَيْهِ، وَلَا أُحَاكِمُ أَبَدًا، وَإِنِّي لَأَسْمَعُ بِالْغَيْثِ يُصِيبُ الْأَرْضَ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَأَفْرَحُ بِهِ، وَمَا لِي بِهَا مِنْ سَائِمَةٍ أَبَدًا. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْ قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا فَقَالَ: كَانَتِ السَّمَاءُ رَتْقًا لَا تَمْطُرُ، وَالْأَرْضُ رَتْقًا لَا تُنْبِتُ، فَفَتَقَ هَذِهِ بِالْمَطَرِ، وَهَذِهِ بِالنَّبَاتِ. عبادة عبد الله بن عباس وَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ: صَحِبْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَكَانَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَإِذَا نَزَلَ قَامَ شَطْرَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيُرَتِّلُ الْقُرْآنَ يَقْرَأُ حَرْفًا حَرْفًا، وَيُكْثِرُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ النَّشِيجِ وَالنَّحِيبِ، وَيَقْرَأُ وَجَاءَتْ سَكْرَةُ الْمَوْتِ بِالْحَقِّ ذَلِكَ مَا كُنْتَ مِنْهُ تَحِيدُ وَقَالَ الْأَصْمَعِيُّ بسنده عَنْ شُعَيْبِ بْنِ دِرْهَمٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ فِي هَذَا الْمَكَانِ - وَأَوْمَأَ إِلَى مَجْرَى الدُّمُوعِ مِنْ خَدَّيْهِ - مِنْ خَدَّيِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - مِثْلُ الشِّرَاكِ الْبَالِي مِنَ الْبُكَاءِ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ وَالْخَمِيسِ، وَيَقُولُ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ يُرْفَعَ عَمَلِي وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ. وَرَوَى هُشَيْمٌ وَغَيْرُهُ بسنده عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَنَّ مَلِكَ الرُّومُ كَتَبَ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ أَحَبِّ الْكَلَامِ إِلَى اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَمَنْ أَكْرَمُ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَمَنْ أَكْرَمُ الْإِمَاءِ عَلَى اللَّهِ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَعَنْ أَرْبَعَةٍ فِيهِمُ الرُّوحُ لَمْ يَرْكُضُوا فِي رَحِمٍ، وَعَنْ قَبْرٍ سَارَ بِصَاحِبِهِ، وَعَنْ مَكَانٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ لَمْ تَطْلُعْ عَلَيْهِ الشَّمْسُ إِلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً، وَعَنْ قَوْسِ قُزَحَ مَا هُوَ ؟ وَعَنِ الْمَجَرَّةِ. فَبَعَثَ مُعَاوِيَةُ فَسَأَلَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ عَنْهُنَّ، فَكَتَبَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِلَيْهِ: أَمَّا أَحَبُّ الْكَلَامِ إِلَى اللَّهِ فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، وَأَكْرَمُ الْعِبَادِ عَلَى اللَّهِ آدَمُ، خَلَقَهُ بِيَدِهِ، وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِهِ، وَأَسْجَدَ لَهُ مَلَائِكَتَهُ، وَعَلَّمَهُ أَسْمَاءَ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ، وَأَكْرَمُ الْإِمَاءِ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَرْيَمُ بِنْتُ عِمْرَانَ، وَأَمَّا الْأَرْبَعَةُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَرْكُضُوا فِي رَحِمٍ، فَآدَمُ وَحَوَّاءُ، وَعَصَا مُوسَى، وَكَبْشُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الَّذِي فَدَى بِهِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: وَنَاقَةُ صَالِحٍ - وَأَمَّا الْقَبْرُ الَّذِي سَارَ بِصَاحِبِهِ فَهُوَ حُوتُ يُونُسَ، وَأَمَّا الْمَكَانُ الَّذِي لَمْ تُصِبْهُ الشَّمْسُ إِلَّا مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَهُوَ الْبَحْرُ الَّذِي انْفَلَقَ لِمُوسَى حَتَّى جَازَ بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ فِيهِ، وَأَمَّا قَوْسُ قُزَحَ فَأَمَانٌ لِأَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ، وَالْمَجَرَّةُ بَابُ السَّمَاءِ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: الَّذِي تَنْشَقُّ مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ مَلِكُ الرُّومِ ذَلِكَ أَعْجَبَهُ، وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا هِيَ مِنْ عِنْدِ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَلَا مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا هِيَ مِنْ عِنْدِ أَهْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَسْئِلَةِ رِوَايَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ، وَزِيَادَاتٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فِيهَا، وَفِي بَعْضِهَا نَظَرٌ ; أَنَّهُ سَأَلَهُ عَنْ مَنْ لَا قَبْلَ لَهُ، وَعَنْ مَنْ لَا عَشِيرَةَ لَهُ، وَعَنْ مَنْ لَا أَبَ لَهُ، وَعَنْ شَيْءٍ، وَنِصْفِ شَيْءٍ، وَلَا شَيْءٍ، وَأَرْسَلَ قَارُورَةً ; فَقَالَ: ابْعَثْ إِلَيَّ فِي هَذِهِ بِبَزْرِ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ. فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ يَقُولُ: أَمَّا الَّذِي لَا قَبْلَ لَهُ فَاللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ لَا عَشِيرَةَ لَهُ فَآدَمُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَأَمَّا مَنْ لَا أَبَ لَهُ فَعِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَأَمَّا عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ الْعَاقِلُ يَعْمَلُ بِعَقْلِهِ، وَأَمَّا نِصْفُ شَيْءٍ، فَالَّذِي لَهُ عَقْلٌ وَيَعْمَلُ بِرَأْيِ غَيْرِهِ، وَأَمَّا لَا شَيْءَ فَالَّذِي لَا عَقْلَ لَهُ وَلَا يَعْمَلُ بِعَقْلِ غَيْرِهِ. وَمَلَأَ الْقَارُورَةَ مَاءً وَقَالَ: هَذَا بَزْرُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ. فَأَعْجَبَ ذَلِكَ مَلِكَ الرُّومِ جِدًّا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. صفة عبد الله بن عباس صِفَةُ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ   كَانَ جَسِيمًا إِذَا قَعَدَ يَأْخُذُ مَكَانَ رَجُلَيْنِ، جَمِيلًا لَهُ وَفْرَةٌ، قَدْ شَابَ مُقَدَّمُ رَأْسِهِ، وَشَابَتْ لِمَّتُهُ، وَكَانَ يَخْضِبُ بِالْحِنَّاءِ، وَقِيلَ: بِالسَّوَادِ. حَسَنَ الْوَجْهِ، يَلْبَسُ حَسَنًا وَيُكْثِرُ مِنَ الطِّيبِ، بِحَيْثُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ إِذَا مَرَّ فِي الطَّرِيقِ تَقُولُ النِّسَاءُ: هَذَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ. أَوْ: رَجُلٌ مَعَهُ مِسْكٌ، وَكَانَ وَسِيمًا أَبْيَضَ، طَوِيلًا، صَبِيحًا، فَصِيحًا، وَلَمَّا عَمِيَ اعْتَرَى لَوْنَهُ صُفْرَةٌ يَسِيرَةٌ، وَقَدْ كَانَ بَنُو الْعَبَّاسِ عَشَرَةً، وَهُمُ الْفَضْلُ، وَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ، وَ مَعْبَدٌ، وَ قُثَمُ، وَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَ كَثِيرٌ، وَ الْحَارِثُ، وَ عَوْنٌ، وَ تَمَّامٌ، وَكَانَ أَصْغَرَهُمْ تَمَّامٌ ; وَلِهَذَا كَانَ الْعَبَّاسُ يَحْمِلُهُ وَيَقُولُ: تَمُّوا بِتَمَّامٍ فَصَارُوا عَشَرَهْ يَا رَبِّ فَاجْعَلْهُمْ كِرَامًا بَرَرَهْ     وَاجْعَلْهُمْ ذِكْرًا وَأَنْمِ الثَّمَرَهْ فَأَمَّا الْفَضْلُ فَمَاتَ بِأَجْنَادِينَ شَهِيدًا، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بِالطَّائِفِ، وَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بِالْيَمَنِ، وَ مَعْبَدٌ، وَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بِإِفْرِيقِيَّةَ،، وَ قُثَمُ، وَ كَثِيرٌ بِيَنْبُعَ وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ قُثَمَ مَاتَ بِسَمَرْقَنْدَ. وَقَدْ قَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ قَمَّادِينَ الْمَكِّيُّ مَوْلَى بَنِي مَخْزُومٍ: مَا رَأَيْتُ مِثْلَ بَنِي أُمٍّ وَاحِدَةٍ أَشْرَافًا، وُلِدُوا فِي دَارٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، أَبْعَدَ قُبُورًا مِنْ بَنِي أُمِّ الْفَضْلِ، ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مَوَاضِعَ قُبُورِهِمْ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ قَالَ: الْفَضْلُ مَاتَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ،، وَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بِالشَّامِ. وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يَلْبَسُ الْحُلَّةَ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ. أولاد عبد الله بن عباس وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ الْعَبَّاسُ، وَ عَلِيٌّ، وَيُدْعَى السَّجَّادَ ; لِكَثْرَةِ صِلَاتِهِ، وَكَانَ أَجْمَلَ قُرَشِيٍّ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ، وَقَدْ قِيلَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي كُلَّ يَوْمٍ أَلْفَ رَكْعَةٍ. وَقِيلَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ مَعَ الْجَمَالِ التَّامِّ. وَعَلَى هَذَا فَهُوَ أَبُو الْخُلَفَاءِ الْعَبَّاسِيِّينَ  ، فَفِي وَلَدِهِ كَانْتِ الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّةُ،، وَكَانَ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ أَيْضًا مُحَمَّدٌ، وَ الْفَضْلُ، وَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ، وَ لُبَابَةُ، وَأُمُّهُمْ زُرْعَةُ بَنَتُ مُسَرَّحِ بْنِ مَعْدِيَكَرِبَ. وَأَسْمَاءُ وَهِيَ لِأُمِّ وَلَدٍ. موالي عبد الله بن عباس وَكَانَ لَهُ مِنَ الْمَوَالِي عِكْرِمَةُ، وَ كُرَيْبٌ، وَ أَبُو مَعْبَدٍ، وَ شُعْبَةُ، وَ دَقِيقٌ، وَ أَبُو عَمْرَةَ، وَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، وَ مِقْسَمٌ. وَقَدْ أَسْنَدَ أَلْفًا وَسِتَّمِائَةٍ وَسَبْعِينَ حَدِيثًا. وَاللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. تولي عبد الله بن عباس إمامة الحج سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ بِأَمْرِ ثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ ( تَوَلِّي ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِمَامَةَ الْحَجِّ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ بِأَمْرِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ   ) تَوَلَّى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ إِمَامَةَ الْحَجِّ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ بِأَمْرِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ لَهُ وَهُوَ مَحْصُورٌ، وَفِي غَيْبَتِهِ هَذِهِ قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ. نهي ابن العباس للحسين بالخروج إلى العراق وَلَمَّا مَاتَ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَرَامَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْخُرُوجَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، نَهَاهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَشَدَّ النَّهْيِ، وَأَرَادَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّقَ بِثِيَابِ الْحُسَيْنِ - لِأَنَّ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ كَانَ قَدْ أَضَرَّ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِهِ - فَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْهُ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ مَوْتُهُ حَزِنَ عَلَيْهِ حُزْنًا شَدِيدًا وَلَزِمَ بَيْتَهُ، وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: يَا لِسَانُ قُلْ خَيْرًا تَغْنَمْ، وَاسْكُتْ عَنْ شَرٍّ تَسْلَمْ، فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ لَا تَفْعَلْ تَنْدَمْ. وصايا ابن عباس وَجَاءَ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ يُقَالُ لَهُ: جُنْدَبٌ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَوْصِنِي: فَقَالَ: أُوصِيكَ بِتَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ، وَالْعَمَلِ لَهُ، وَإِقَامِ الصَّلَاةِ وَإِيتَاءِ الزَّكَاةِ، فَإِنَّ كُلَّ خَيْرٍ أَنْتَ آتِيهِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَقْبُولٌ، وَإِلَى اللَّهِ مَرْفُوعٌ، يَا جُنْدَبُ، إِنَّكَ لَنْ تَزْدَادَ مِنْ يَوْمِكَ إِلَّا قُرْبًا، فَصَلِّ صَلَاةَ مُوَدِّعٍ، وَأَصْبِحْ فِي الدُّنْيَا كَأَنَّكَ غَرِيبٌ مُسَافِرٌ، فَإِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقُبُورِ، وَابْكِ عَلَى ذَنْبِكَ، وَتُبْ مِنْ خَطِيئَتِكَ، وَلْتَكُنِ الدُّنْيَا عَلَيْكَ أَهْوَنَ مِنْ شِسْعِ نَعْلِكَ، وَكَأَنْ قَدْ فَارَقْتَهَا وَصِرْتَ إِلَى عَدْلِ اللَّهِ، وَلَنْ تَنْتَفِعَ بِمَا خَلَّفْتَ، وَلَنْ يَنْفَعَكَ إِلَّا عَمَلُكَ. وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: أَوْصَى ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِكَلِمَاتٍ خَيْرٍ مِنَ الْخَيْلِ الدُّهْمِ قَالَ: لَا تَكَلَّمَنَّ فِيمَا لَا يَعْنِيكَ حَتَّى تَرَى لَهُ مَوْضِعًا، وَلَا تُمَارِيَنَّ سَفِيهًا وَلَا حَلِيمًا ; فَإِنَّ الْحَلِيمَ يَغْلِبُكَ وَالسَّفِيهَ يَزْدَرِيكَ، وَلَا تَذْكُرَنَّ أَخَاكَ إِذَا تَوَارَى عَنْكَ إِلَّا بِمَثَلِ الَّذِي تُحِبُّ أَنْ يَتَكَلَّمَ فِيكَ إِذَا تَوَارَيْتَ عَنْهُ، وَاعْمَلْ عَمَلَ رَجُلٍ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ مَجْزِيٌّ بِالْإِحْسَانِ مَأْخُوذٌ بِالْإِجْرَامِ. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ عِنْدَهُ: يَابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ، هَذَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَلِمَةٌ مِنْهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: تَمَامُ الْمَعْرُوفِ تَعْجِيلُهُ وَتَصْغِيرُهُ وَسَتْرُهُ. يَعْنِي أَنْ تُعَجَّلَ الْعَطِيَّةَ لِلْمُعْطَى، وَأَنْ تَصْغُرَ فِي عَيْنِ الْمُعْطِي، وَأَنْ تَسَتُرَهَا عَنِ النَّاسِ فَلَا تُظْهِرَهَا ; فَإِنَّ فِي إِظْهَارِهَا فَتْحَ بَابِ الرِّيَاءِ وَكَسْرَ قَلْبِ الْمُعْطَى، وَاسْتِحْيَاءَهُ مِنَ النَّاسِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَعَزُّ النَّاسِ عَلَيَّ جَلِيسِي ; لَوِ اسْتَطَعْتُ أَنْ لَا يَقَعَ الذُّبَابُ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ لَفَعَلْتُ. وَقَالَ أَيْضًا: لَا يُكَافِئُ مَنْ أَتَانِي يَطْلُبُ حَاجَةً فَرَآنِي لَهَا مَوْضِعًا إِلَّا اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَكَذَا رَجُلٌ بَدَأَنِي بِالسَّلَامِ، أَوْ أَوْسَعَ لِي فِي مَجْلِسٍ، أَوْ قَامَ لِي عَنِ الْمَجْلِسِ أَوْ رَجُلٌ سَقَانِي شَرْبَةَ مَاءٍ عَلَى ظَمَأٍ، أَوْ رَجُلٌ حَفِظَنِي بِظَهْرِ الْغَيْبِ. وَالْمَأْثُورُ عَنْهُ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَكَارِمِ كَثِيرٌ جِدًّا، وَفِيمَا ذَكَرْنَا إِشَارَةٌ إِلَى مَا لَمْ نَذْكُرْهُ. وَقَدْ عَدَّهُ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ فِي الْعُمْيَانِ مِنَ الْأَشْرَافِ، وَفِي بَعْضِ الْأَحَادِيثِ الْوَارِدَةِ عَنْهُ مَا يَدُلُّ عَلَى ذَلِكَ. وَقَدْ أُصِيبَتْ إِحْدَى عَيْنَيْهِ فَنَحَلَ جِسْمُهُ، فَلَمَّا أُصِيبَتِ الْأُخْرَى عَادَ إِلَيْهِ لَحْمُهُ فَقِيلَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: أَصَابَنِي مَا رَأَيْتُمْ فِي الْأُولَى شَفَقَةً عَلَى الْأُخْرَى، فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَتَا اطْمَأَنَّ قَلْبِي. وَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْبَغَوِيُّ بسنده عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، أَنَّهُ وَقَعَ فِي عَيْنِهِ الْمَاءُ فَقِيلَ لَهُ: نَنْزِعُ مَنْ عَيْنِكَ الْمَاءَ، عَلَى أَنَّكَ لَا تُصَلِّي سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا، إِنَّهُ مَنْ تَرْكَ الصَّلَاةَ وَهُوَ يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهَا لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لَهُ: نُزِيلُ هَذَا الْمَاءَ مِنْ عَيْنِكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَبْقَى خَمْسَةَ أَيَّامٍ لَا تُصَلِّي إِلَّا عَلَى عُودٍ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: إِلَّا مُسْتَلْقِيًا، فَقَالَ: لَا، وَاللَّهِ وَلَا رَكْعَةً وَاحِدَةً، إِنَّهُ مَنْ تَرَكَ صَلَاةً وَاحِدَةً مُتَعَمِّدًا، لَقِيَ اللَّهَ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ غَضْبَانُ. وَقَدْ أَنْشَدَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ حِينَ عَمِيَ: إِنْ يَأْخُذِ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَيْنَيَّ نُورَهُمَا     فَفِي لِسَانِي وَسَمْعِي مِنْهُمَا نُورُ قَلْبِي ذَكِيٌّ وَعَقْلِي غَيْرُ ذِي دَخَلٍ     وَفِي فَمِي صَارِمٌ كَالسَّيْفِ مَأْثُورُ اعتزال ابن عباس ما دار بين عبد الله بن الزبير وبين عبد الملك بن مروان وَلَمَّا وَقَعَ الْخُلْفُ بَيْنَ ابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ مَرْوَانَ، اعْتَزَلَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ النَّاسَ، فَدَعَاهُمَا ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ ; لِيُبَايِعَاهُ فَأَبَيَا عَلَيْهِ، وَقَالَ كُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا: لَا نُبَايِعُكَ وَلَا نُخَالِفُكَ، فَهَمَّ بِهِمَا، فَبَعَثَا أَبَا الطُّفَيْلِ عَامِرَ بْنَ وَاثِلَةَ فَاسْتَنْجَدَ لَهُمَا مِنَ الْعِرَاقِ مِنْ شِيعَتِهِمَا فَقَدِمَ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ فَكَبَّرُوا بِمَكَّةَ تَكْبِيرَةً وَاحِدَةً، وَهَمُّوا بِابْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ هَارِبًا وَتَعَلَّقَ بِأَسْتَارِ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَقَالَ: أَنَا عَائِذٌ بِاللَّهِ. فَكَفُّوهُمْ عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ مَالُوا إِلَى ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَ ابْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ وَقَدْ حَمَلَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ حَوْلَ دُورِهِمُ الْحَطَبَ لِيَحْرِقَهُمْ، فَخَرَجُوا بِهِمَا حَتَّى نَزَلُوا الطَّائِفَ، وَأَقَامَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ سَنَتَيْنِ لَمْ يُبَايِعْ أَحَدًا، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. وفاة عبد الله بن عباس فَلَمَّا كَانَ فِي سَنَةِ ثَمَانٍ وَسِتِّينَ تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ بِالطَّائِفِ، وَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، وَقَالَ: مَاتَ الْيَوْمَ حَبْرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. فَلَمَّا وَضَعُوهُ لِيُدْخِلُوهُ فِي قَبْرِهِ جَاءَ طَائِرٌ أَبْيَضُ لَمْ يُرَ مِثْلُ خِلْقَتِهِ، فَدَخَلَ فِي أَكْفَانِهِ وَالْتَفَّ فِيهَا حَتَّى دُفِنَ مَعَهُ. قَالَ عَفَّانُ: فَكَانُوا يَرَوْنَهُ عِلْمَهُ، فَلَمَّا وُضِعَ فِي اللَّحْدِ تَلَا تَالٍ لَا يُعْرَفُ مَنْ هُوَ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَنَّهُمْ سَمِعُوا مِنْ قَبْرِهِ: يَا أَيَّتُهَا النَّفْسُ الْمُطْمَئِنَّةُ ارْجِعِي إِلَى رَبِّكِ رَاضِيَةً مَرْضِيَّةً فَادْخُلِي فِي عِبَادِي وَادْخُلِي جَنَّتِي هَذَا الْقَوْلُ فِي وَفَاتِهِ هُوَ الَّذِي صَحَّحَهُ غَيْرُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْأَئِمَّةِ، وَنَصَّ عَلَيْهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ وَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ، وَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ، وَهُوَ الْمَشْهُورُ عِنْدَ الْحُفَّاظِ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ ثَلَاثٍ وَسَبْعِينَ، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ سَبْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَسِتِّينَ، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ سَبْعِينَ، وَالصَّحِيحُ الْأَوَّلُ، وَهَذِهِ الْأَقْوَالُ كُلُّهَا شَاذَّةٌ غَرِيبَةٌ مَرْدُودَةٌ. وَاللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. وَكَانَ عُمْرُهُ يَوْمَ مَاتَ ثِنْتَيْنِ وَسَبْعِينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ إِحْدَى وَسَبْعِينَ. وَقِيلَ أَرْبَعًا وَسَبْعِينَ. وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.

Translation

✧ In this year died ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, the interpreter of the Qurʾān and cousin of the Messenger of the Sovereign Judge. He is ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Quṣayy, Abū al-ʿAbbās al-Hāshimī, cousin of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, the learned scholar of this community, and the exegete of the Book of Allah and its interpreter. He used to be called al-Ḥabr (the learned) and al-Baḥr (the sea). He transmitted a great deal from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and from a group of the Companions, and a multitude of the Companions took from him, and nations from the Successors. He has unique narrations that no other Companion has, due to the vastness of his knowledge, the abundance of his understanding, the perfection of his intellect, the breadth of his virtue, and the nobility of his lineage, ؓ and grant him contentment. His mother was Umm al-Faḍl Lubābah bt. al-Ḥārith al-Hilāliyyah, sister of Maymūnah bt. al-Ḥārith, Mother of the Believers. He is the progenitor of the Abbasid caliphs. He was one of ten male brothers of al-ʿAbbās from Umm al-Faḍl, and he was the last of them in birth. Each of them died in a land far distant from the other, very far indeed. Muslim b. Khālid al-Zinjī al-Makkī said, with his chain of transmission from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in the mountain pass, my father came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said, “O Muḥammad, I see that Umm al-Faḍl has become pregnant.” He said, “Perhaps Allah will gladden your eyes.” He said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was brought to me while I was in a piece of cloth, and he chewed something and put it in my mouth with his saliva. Mujāhid said: We do not know of anyone other than him whom the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fed with his chewed saliva. From ʿAmr b. Dīnār, he said: Ibn ʿAbbās was born in the year of the Hijrah. Al-Wāqidī narrated, by way of Shuʿbah, from Ibn ʿAbbās that he said: I was born three years before the Hijrah, while we were in the mountain pass. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died when I was thirteen years old. Then al-Wāqidī said: This is something about which there is no disagreement among the people of knowledge. Al-Wāqidī cited as evidence that he had nearly reached puberty in the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage. In Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died when I was already circumcised, and they used not to circumcise a boy until he reached puberty. Shuʿbah, Hushaym, and Abū ʿAwānah said, with their chains of transmission from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ died when I was ten years old, circumcised. Hushaym added: And I had already collected the muḥkam during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I said: What is the muḥkam? He said: The mufaṣṣal (the shorter sūrahs at the end of the Qurʾān). Abū Dāwūd al-Ṭayālisī said, with his chain of transmission from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away when I was fifteen years old, circumcised. This is the most correct view, and it is supported by the soundness of what is established in the two Ṣaḥīḥs. Mālik narrated it with his chain of transmission from ʿUbayd Allāh, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: I came riding on a female donkey, and at that time I had nearly reached puberty, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was praying with the people at Minā not facing a wall. I passed in front of part of the row, then dismounted and sent the donkey to graze, and entered the row, and no one objected to that against me. It is established from him in the Ṣaḥīḥ that he said: I and my mother were among the weak ones (al-mustaḍʿafīn); my mother was among the women, and I was among the children. He emigrated with his father before the Conquest. They happened to meet the Prophet ﷺ at al-Juḥfah while he was on his way to conquer Makkah. Thus he witnessed the Conquest, Ḥunayn, and al-Ṭāʾif in the year 8 AH. It is also said that it was in the year 9 AH, and the Farewell Pilgrimage in the year 10 AH. He accompanied the Prophet ﷺ from that time onward, kept close to him, took from him, memorized, and precisely recorded his sayings, actions, and states. He took from the Companions a great deal of knowledge, along with penetrating understanding, eloquence, fluency, beauty, grace, nobility of origin, and clarity of expression. The supplication of the Prophet for ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās. The Messenger of the Most Merciful ﷺ supplicated for him, and that is as reported in the sound and well-established hadiths that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated for him that Allah would teach him the interpretation and grant him understanding in religion. Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār said, with his chain of transmission from Ibn ʿUmar, that he said: ʿUmar used to call ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās and bring him close, and he would say: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ call you one day, and he wiped your head, and he spat lightly into your mouth, and said: “O Allah, grant him understanding in religion and teach him the interpretation.” And through it, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “O Allah, bless him and spread from him.” Imām Aḥmad said, with his chain of transmission, that Kurayb reported to him that Ibn ʿAbbās said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the latter part of the night and prayed behind him. He took my hand and pulled me until he placed me alongside him. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned to his prayer, I stepped back. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed, and when he finished, he said to me: “What is the matter with me that I place you alongside me and you step back?” I said: “O Messenger of Allah, is it proper for anyone to pray alongside you, when you are the Messenger of Allah whom Allah, Mighty and Majestic, has given?” He said: It pleased him, and he supplicated to Allah for me to increase me in knowledge and understanding. He said: Then I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sleep until I heard him breathing heavily. Then Bilāl came to him and said: “O Messenger of Allah, the prayer.” He stood up and prayed without renewing his ablution. Imām Aḥmad said, with his chain of transmission from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to relieve himself, so I placed water for his ablution. When he came out, he said: “Who placed this?” It was said: “Ibn ʿAbbās.” He said: “O Allah, grant him understanding in religion and teach him the interpretation.” From Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: I saw Jibrīl twice, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ supplicated for wisdom for me twice. Imām Aḥmad said, with his chain of transmission from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: I was with my father in the presence of the Prophet ﷺ, and there was a man with him conversing privately. ʿAffān said: He was like one turning away from al-ʿAbbās. We went out from his presence, and al-ʿAbbās said: “Did you not see your cousin turning away from me?” I said: “There was a man with him conversing privately.” ʿAffān said: He said: “Was there someone with him?” I said: “Yes.” He returned to him and said: “O Messenger of Allah, was there someone with you? For ʿAbd Allāh informed me that there was a man with you conversing privately.” He said: “Did you see him, O ʿAbd Allāh?” He said: I said: “Yes.” He said: “That was Jibrīl ﷺ.” It has also been narrated from the hadith of al-Mahdī from his forefathers, in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: “Indeed, you will be afflicted in your eyesight,” and so it was. Many hadiths have been reported on the virtues of Ibn ʿAbbās, some of which are very objectionable, and we have turned away from many of them, and we have mentioned what suffices and is adequate instead of others. The knowledge of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās. Abū Bakr al-Bayhaqī said, with his chain of transmission from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, I said to a man of the Anṣār: “Come, let us ask the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, for today they are many.” He said: “How strange of you, O Ibn ʿAbbās! Do you think people will need you when among the people there are Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ such as those?” He said: So he abandoned that. I set about asking the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. If a hadith reached me from a man, I would come to his door while he was taking his midday nap, and I would recline on my cloak at his door while the wind blew dust upon me. He would come out and see me, and say: “O cousin of the Messenger of Allah, what brought you? Why did you not send for me so I could come to you?” I would say: “No, I am more deserving to come to you.” He said: So I asked him about the hadith. He said: That Anṣārī man lived until he saw me with people gathered around me asking me, and he said: “This young man was more intelligent than me.” From Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: I found the greater part of the knowledge of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ among this clan of the Anṣār. I would lie down at the door of one of them at midday, and if I wished I could have been granted permission to enter, but I sought thereby to put him at ease. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said, with his chain of transmission from Abū Salamah al-Ḥaḍramī, who said: I heard Ibn ʿAbbās say: I used to attach myself to the senior Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, both the Emigrants and the Anṣār, and ask them about the military expeditions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and what was revealed of the Qurʾān concerning them. I would not come to any of them except that he was pleased with my coming, because of my closeness to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. One day I began asking Ubayy b. Kaʿb—who was among those firmly grounded in knowledge—about what was revealed of the Qurʾān in Madinah. He said: Twenty-seven sūrahs were revealed, and the rest were in Makkah. Aḥmad said, from ʿAbd al-Razzāq, from Maʿmar, who said: The greater part of Ibn ʿAbbās’s knowledge was from three persons: ʿUmar, ʿAlī, and Ubayy b. Kaʿb. Ṭāwūs said, from Ibn ʿAbbās, that he said: I would ask about a single matter thirty of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Mughīrah said, from al-Shaʿbī, who said: It was said to Ibn ʿAbbās: “How did you obtain this knowledge?” He said: “With an inquiring tongue and an understanding heart.” It is established from ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb that he used to seat Ibn ʿAbbās with the elders of the Companions, and he would say: “How excellent an interpreter of the Qurʾān is ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās.” When he came, ʿUmar would say: “The young man of the elders has come, the possessor of an inquiring tongue and an understanding heart.” It is established in the Ṣaḥīḥ that ʿUmar asked the Companions about the interpretation of “When the help of Allah comes and the victory,” and some remained silent while others gave an answer that did not satisfy ʿUmar. Then he asked Ibn ʿAbbās about it, and he said: “It is the appointed term of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, which was announced to him.” ʿUmar said: “I know nothing from it except what you know.” ʿUmar intended thereby to establish before them the greatness of his standing and his lofty rank in knowledge and understanding. Once he asked him about the Night of Decree, and he deduced that it is in the seventh night of the last ten, and ʿUmar approved of it and deemed it excellent, as we have mentioned in the commentary. Al-Ḥasan b. ʿArafah said, with his chain of transmission from Saʿīd b. Jubayr, who said: ʿUmar said to Ibn ʿAbbās: “You have learned knowledge that we have not learned.” Al-Awzāʿī said: ʿUmar said to Ibn ʿAbbās: “You are the most handsome-faced of our young men, the best of them in intellect, and the most knowledgeable of them in the Book of Allah, Mighty and Majestic.” From Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: My father said to me: “ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb brings you close and seats you with the senior Companions, so remember from me three things: do not divulge a secret of his, do not backbite anyone in his presence, and do not let him ever test you with a lie.” Al-Shaʿbī said: I said to Ibn ʿAbbās: “Each one of these is better than a thousand.” Ibn ʿAbbās said: “Rather, each one is better than ten thousand.” The presence of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās at events. Al-Wāqidī said, with his chain of transmission from ʿAṭāʾ b. Yasār, that ʿUmar and ʿUthmān used to call Ibn ʿAbbās and he would give his opinion along with the people of Badr. He issued legal opinions during the caliphates of ʿUmar and ʿUthmān until the day he died. I say: He witnessed the conquest of Ifrīqiyyah in the year 27 AH with Ibn Abī Sarḥ. Al-Zuhrī said, from ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, from his father, who said: My father looked at Ibn ʿAbbās on the Day of the Camel walking between the two ranks, and said: “May Allah gladden the eye of one who has a cousin like this.” He witnessed with ʿAlī the Battle of the Camel and Ṣiffīn, and he was commander of the left wing. He witnessed with him the fighting against the Khawārij, and he was among those who advised ʿAlī to appoint Muʿāwiyah as his deputy over Syria and not to remove him from it at the beginning of the matter, until he said to him, among other things: “If you wish to remove him, then appoint him for a month and remove him for a lifetime.” But ʿAlī refused except to fight him, and what happened happened, as has been previously explained. When the two parties negotiated the arbitration of the two arbitrators, Ibn ʿAbbās sought to be from ʿAlī’s side to counter ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, but Madhḥij and the people of Yemen refused unless Abū Mūsā al-Ashʿarī was from ʿAlī’s side. So what happened with the two arbitrators also occurred as previously mentioned. ʿAlī appointed him as his deputy over Baṣrah, and he led the people in the Hajj in some years. He delivered a sermon to them at ʿArafāt in which he interpreted Sūrat al-Baqarah, and in another narration, Sūrat al-Nūr. Those who heard him said: He interpreted it in such a way that if the Byzantines, the Turks, and the Daylamites had heard it, they would have embraced Islam. He was the first to hold a gathering for the people in Baṣrah on the eve of ʿArafah. He would ascend the pulpit on the night of ʿArafah, and the people of Baṣrah would gather around him. He would interpret something from the Qurʾān and remind the people from after the afternoon prayer until sunset, then he would descend and lead them in the sunset prayer. The scholars differed after him concerning that. Some disliked it and said: It is an innovation that was not practiced by the Messenger of Allah ﷺ nor by any of the Companions except Ibn ʿAbbās. Others deemed it recommended because of the remembrance of Allah and to be in accord with the pilgrims. Ibn ʿAbbās used to criticize ʿAlī in some of his rulings, and ʿAlī would defer to him in that, as Imām Aḥmad said, with his chain of transmission, that ʿAlī burned some people who had apostatized from Islam. That reached Ibn ʿAbbās, and he said: “I would not have burned them with fire, for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘Do not punish with the punishment of Allah.’ But I would have killed them, because of the saying of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: ‘Whoever changes his religion, kill him.’” That reached ʿAlī, and he said: “Alas for Ibn ʿAbbās!” and in another narration: “Alas for Ibn ʿAbbās! He is indeed a diver into hidden matters.” And ʿAlī requited him. Ibn ʿAbbās’s permitting of temporary marriage and domestic donkeys. Ibn ʿAbbās held the permissibility of temporary marriage (mutʿah) and the lawfulness of the flesh of domestic donkeys. ʿAlī said to him: “You are a bewildered man. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ forbade temporary marriage and the flesh of domestic donkeys on the day of Khaybar.” This hadith is recorded in the two Ṣaḥīḥs and others, and it has various wordings, this being one of the best of them. And Allah, Glorified and Exalted, knows best. The virtue of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās. Al-Bayhaqī said, with his chain of transmission, that Abū Bakr b. al-Muʾammil said: I heard Abū Naṣr b. Abī Rabīʿah say: Ṣaʿṣaʿah b. Ṣūḥān came to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib from Baṣrah, and he asked him about Ibn ʿAbbās—who was his deputy there. Ṣaʿṣaʿah said: “O Commander of the Faithful, he adheres to three things and abstains from three things. He adheres to capturing the hearts of men when he speaks, to good listening when he is spoken to, and to the easier of two options when he is opposed. He abstains from disputation, from associating with the base, and from anything for which he would need to apologize.” Al-Wāqidī said, with his chain of transmission from ʿĀmir b. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, from his father, who said: I have never seen anyone quicker in understanding, sharper in intellect, greater in knowledge, or more forbearing than Ibn ʿAbbās. I saw ʿUmar call him for difficult problems, then say: “You have it, a difficult problem has come to you.” Then he would not go beyond his word, while around him were the people of Badr from the Emigrants and the Anṣār. Al-Aʿmash said, with his chain of transmission from Masrūq, who said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Masʿūd said: “If Ibn ʿAbbās had reached our age, no one among us would have reached a tenth of his knowledge.” He used to say: “How excellent an interpreter of the Qurʾān is Ibn ʿAbbās.” From Ibn ʿUmar, that he said: “Ibn ʿAbbās is the most knowledgeable of people about what Allah revealed to Muḥammad ﷺ.” Muḥammad b. Saʿd said with his chain of transmission from Yaʿqūb b. Zayd, from his father, who said: I heard Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh say when news of Ibn ʿAbbās's death reached him, clapping one hand upon the other: "Today the most learned of people and the most forbearing of people has died. This community has been afflicted by him with an irreparable loss." And from Abū Bakr b. Muḥammad b. ʿAmr b. Ḥazm, who said: When Ibn ʿAbbās died, Rāfiʿ b. Khadīj said: "Today has died the one whom those between the east and the west needed for knowledge." Al-Wāqidī said with his chain of transmission from ʿIkrimah, who said: I heard Muʿāwiyah say: "Your client, by God, is the most learned in jurisprudence of those who have died and those who remain." Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: I entered upon Muʿāwiyah when the peace was made, and the first time I met him, there were people with him. He said: "Welcome to Ibn ʿAbbās. The strife did not create enmity between me and anyone whose distance was dearer to me or whose closeness was more beloved to me. Praise be to God who caused ʿAlī to die." I said to him: "God is not to be blamed in His decree, and another statement than this would be better." Then I said to him: "I would like you to excuse me from [speaking about] my cousin and I will excuse you from [speaking about] your cousin." He said: "That is granted to you." ʿĀʾishah and Umm Salamah said when Ibn ʿAbbās led the people in the pilgrimage: "He is the most knowledgeable of people about the rites." With his chain of transmission from al-Shaʿbī, who said: Zayd b. Thābit rode [a mount], and Ibn ʿAbbās took hold of his stirrup. He said: "Do not do that, O cousin of the Messenger of God ﷺ." He said: "Thus were we commanded to do with our scholars." Zayd said to him: "Show me your hands." He extended his hands, and Zayd kissed them and said: "Thus were we commanded to do with the family of our Prophet." From ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUtbah, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās surpassed people in qualities: in knowledge of what had preceded him, in jurisprudence in matters requiring his opinion, in forbearance, genealogy, and generosity. I have never seen anyone more knowledgeable than him about the ḥadīth of the Prophet ﷺ that preceded, nor about the judgments of Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, and ʿUthmān, nor more learned in jurisprudence in his opinion, nor more knowledgeable in poetry or Arabic, nor in the exegesis of the Qurʾān, nor in arithmetic, nor in the laws of inheritance, nor more knowledgeable about what had passed, nor more sound in opinion in matters requiring it. He would sit one day mentioning only jurisprudence, one day interpretation, one day military expeditions, one day poetry, and one day the history of the Arabs. I have never seen a scholar sit with him but that he submitted to him, and I have never seen a questioner ask him but that he found knowledge with him. He said: Sometimes I memorized a qaṣīdah from his mouth as he recited it, thirty verses long. Hishām b. ʿUrwah said, from his father: I have never seen anyone like Ibn ʿAbbās. ʿAṭāʾ said: I have never seen a gathering more noble than the gathering of Ibn ʿAbbās, more abundant in jurisprudence, nor greater in awe. The scholars of the Qurʾān asked him, the scholars of Arabic asked him, the scholars of poetry asked him, and all of them returned from a wide valley. Al-Wāqidī said, from Ibn Ṭāwūs, from his father, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās towered over the people in knowledge as a tall palm tree towers over small seedlings. Layth b. Abī Sulaym said: I said to Ṭāwūs: "Why did you keep company with this young man—meaning Ibn ʿAbbās—and leave the senior companions?" He said: "I saw seventy of the companions; when they disputed about something, they turned to his statement." Ṭāwūs also said: "I have never seen anyone more learned in jurisprudence than him." He said: "No one ever disagreed with him but that he left him until he convinced him." From Mujāhid, who said: I have never seen anyone like him. He died on the day he died as the learned scholar of this community—meaning Ibn ʿAbbās. Abū Bakr b. Abī Shaybah and others said, from Mujāhid, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās was called al-Baḥr (the Sea) because of the abundance of his knowledge. Al-Wāqidī and al-Zubayr b. Bakkār narrated from Mujāhid that he said: Ibn ʿAbbās was the tallest of them in stature, the most generous of them in serving food, and the most expansive of them in knowledge. Mujāhid also said: I have never seen anyone with a more eloquent tongue than Ibn ʿAbbās. From ʿAmr b. Dīnār, who said: I have never seen a gathering more comprehensive of every good than the gathering of Ibn ʿAbbās: the lawful and the unlawful, the exegesis of the Qurʾān, Arabic, poetry, and food. Muḥammad b. Saʿd said with his chain of transmission from Sulaymān al-Taymī, who said: Someone whom al-Ḥakam b. Ayyūb sent to al-Ḥasan informed me, asking him: "Who was the first to lead the people in the Friday prayer in this mosque on the day of ʿArafah?" He said: "The first to lead the Friday prayer was Ibn ʿAbbās, and he was a prolific man—I think in ḥadīth—abundant in knowledge. He would ascend the pulpit and recite Sūrat al-Baqarah and explain it verse by verse." Yūnus b. Bukayr said with his chain of transmission from Abū Ṣāliḥ, who said: I saw a gathering of Ibn ʿAbbās such that if all of Quraysh had boasted of it, it would have been a source of pride for them. I saw the people gather until the road became too narrow for them, and no one was able to come or go. He said: I entered upon him and informed him of their presence at his door. He said to me: "Prepare water for my ablution." He performed ablution and sat down, then said: "Go out and say to them: Whoever wishes to ask about the Qurʾān, its letters, and what is intended by it, let him enter." He said: I went out and announced to them, and they entered until they filled the house and the chamber. They did not ask him about anything but that he informed them of it and gave them more than what they asked, equal to or greater. Then he said: "Your brothers," and they left. Then he said: "Go out and say: Whoever wishes to ask about the exegesis of the Qurʾān or its interpretation, let him enter." He said: I went out and announced to them. They entered until they filled the house and the chamber. They did not ask him about anything but that he informed them of it and gave them more, equal to what they asked or greater. Then he said: "Your brothers," and they left. Then he said: "Go out and say: Whoever wishes to ask about the lawful and the unlawful and jurisprudence, let him enter." I went out and said to them, and they entered until they filled the house and the chamber. They did not ask him about anything but that he informed them of it and gave them more like it. Then he said: "Your brothers," and they left. Then he said: "Go out and say: Whoever wishes to ask about the laws of inheritance and the like, let him enter." He said: I went out and announced to them, and they entered until they filled the house and the chamber. They did not ask him about anything but that he informed them of it and gave them more like it. Then he said: "Your brothers," and they left. Then he said: "Go out and say: Whoever wishes to ask about Arabic, poetry, and rare expressions, let him enter." They entered until they filled the house and the chamber. They did not ask him about anything but that he informed them of it and gave them more like it. Abū Ṣāliḥ said: If all of Quraysh had boasted of that, it would have been a source of pride. I have never seen the like of this for anyone among the people. Ṭāwūs and Maymūn b. Mihrān said: We have never seen anyone more scrupulous than Ibn ʿUmar, nor more learned in jurisprudence than Ibn ʿAbbās. Maymūn said: Ibn ʿAbbās was the more learned in jurisprudence of the two. From Masrūq, who said: When I saw Ibn ʿAbbās, I said: "The most handsome of people." When he spoke, I said: "The most eloquent of people." When he conversed, I said: "The most knowledgeable of people." Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān said with his chain of transmission from ʿIkrimah, who said: Ibn ʿAbbās was the more knowledgeable of the two in the Qurʾān, and ʿAlī was the more knowledgeable of the two in obscure matters. Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh said: It was so because Ibn ʿAbbās had taken what ʿAlī had of exegesis and added to it what he took from Abū Bakr, ʿUmar, ʿUthmān, Ubayy b. Kaʿb, and others of the senior companions, along with the supplication of the Messenger of God ﷺ for him that God would teach him the Book. Abū Bakr b. ʿAyyāsh narrated from ʿĀṣim b. Abī al-Najūd, from Abū Wāʾil, that Ibn ʿAbbās led the people in the pilgrimage in the year of the killing of ʿUthmān and recited Sūrat al-Nūr and explained it. He mentioned something similar to what preceded. Perhaps the first was in the time of ʿAlī, and he recited in that pilgrimage Sūrat al-Baqarah, and during the strife of ʿUthmān Sūrat al-Nūr. And God knows best. We have narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās that he said: "I am among those firmly grounded in knowledge who know its interpretation." Mujāhid said: I presented the Qurʾān to Ibn ʿAbbās twice, from its beginning to its end, stopping at every verse and asking him about it. It is narrated from him that he said: "Four things in the Qurʾān I do not know what they are: al-awwāh, al-ḥannān, al-raqīm, and al-ghislīn. Everything in the Qurʾān I know except these four." Ibn Wahb and others said, from Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah, from ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Yazīd, who said: When Ibn ʿAbbās was asked about a matter, if it was in the Book of God, he ruled by it; if it was not but was in the Sunnah, he ruled by it; if the Messenger of God ﷺ did not state it but he found it from Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, he ruled by it; otherwise he exercised his own judgment. Yaʿqūb b. Sufyān said with his chain of transmission from ʿAbd Allāh b. Buraydah, who said: A man reviled Ibn ʿAbbās, and he said: "You revile me while I have three qualities. I come upon a verse from the Book of God and wish that people knew of it what I know. I hear of a judge among the judges of the Muslims judging with justice, and I rejoice for him, though perhaps I will never bring a case before him or litigate ever. I hear of rain falling on a land of the Muslims, and I rejoice for it, though I have no grazing livestock there ever." Al-Wāqidī said: A man asked Ibn ʿAbbās about His saying, the Exalted: "The heavens and the earth were a joined entity, and We split them apart." He said: "The heaven was joined, not raining, and the earth was joined, not producing plants. He split this one with rain and this one with plants." The Worship of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās Ibn Abī Mulaykah said: I accompanied Ibn ʿAbbās from Madinah to Makkah. He would pray two rakʿahs. When he alighted, he would stand for half the night, reciting the Qurʾān slowly, letter by letter, and he would weep much with sobbing and wailing. He recited: "And the throes of death will come in truth; that is what you were trying to escape." Al-Aṣmaʿī said with his chain of transmission from Shuʿayb b. Dirham, who said: In this place—and he pointed to the path of tears on his cheeks—on the cheeks of Ibn ʿAbbās there were marks like a worn-out sandal strap from weeping. Another said: He used to fast on Mondays and Thursdays and say: "I love that my deeds be raised while I am fasting." Hushaym and others narrated with their chain of transmission from Ibn ʿAbbās that the king of Byzantium wrote to Muʿāwiyah asking him about the most beloved speech to God, Mighty and Majestic; who is the most honored of servants before God, Mighty and Majestic; who is the most honored of female servants before God, Mighty and Majestic; about four beings who had souls but did not move in a womb; about a grave that traveled with its occupant; about a place on earth that the sun did not shine upon except once; about the rainbow, what is it; and about the Milky Way. Muʿāwiyah sent and asked Ibn ʿAbbās about them. Ibn ʿAbbās wrote to him: As for the most beloved speech to God, it is "Glory be to God, praise be to God, there is no god but God, God is greatest, and there is no might or power except with God." The most honored of servants before God is Adam; He created him with His hand, breathed into him of His spirit, made His angels prostrate to him, and taught him the names of all things. The most honored of female servants before God is Maryam bt. ʿImrān. As for the four who did not move in a womb, they are Adam and Eve, the staff of Moses, and the ram of Abraham with which he ransomed Ishmael—and in another narration, the she-camel of Ṣāliḥ. As for the grave that traveled with its occupant, it is the whale of Jonah. As for the place that the sun did not strike except once, it is the sea that split for Moses until the Children of Israel crossed through it. As for the rainbow, it is a safeguard for the people of the earth from drowning, and the Milky Way is the gate of heaven—and in another narration, that from which it splits open. When the king of Byzantium read that, it pleased him, and he said: "By God, this is not from Muʿāwiyah nor from his saying; it is from the family of the Prophet ﷺ." Many narrations and many additions have come regarding these questions, and in some of them there is doubt: that he asked him about one who has no predecessor, about one who has no kinsfolk, about one who has no father, about something, half of something, and nothing, and he sent a glass vessel and said: "Send me in this the seed of everything." He wrote to him saying: "As for the one who has no predecessor, it is God, Mighty and Majestic. As for the one who has no kinsfolk, it is Adam ﷺ. As for the one who has no father, it is Jesus ﷺ. As for something, it is the rational person who acts by his intellect. As for half of something, it is the one who has intellect but acts by the opinion of another. As for nothing, it is the one who has no intellect and does not act by the intellect of another." He filled the glass vessel with water and said: "This is the seed of everything." That pleased the king of Byzantium greatly. And God knows best. Description of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās Description of Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ He was stout; when he sat, he took the space of two men. He was handsome, with thick hair. The front of his head had turned white, and his side locks had turned white. He used to dye with henna, and it was said with black dye. He had a beautiful face, wore fine clothes, and used much perfume, such that when he passed in the road, women would say: "This is Ibn ʿAbbās," or "A man with musk." He was comely, fair-skinned, tall, handsome, and eloquent. When he became blind, a slight yellowness came over his complexion. The sons of al-ʿAbbās were ten: al-Faḍl, ʿAbd Allāh, ʿUbayd Allāh, Maʿbad, Qutham, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, Kathīr, al-Ḥārith, ʿAwn, and Tammām. The youngest of them was Tammām; for this reason al-ʿAbbās would carry him and say: "They have been completed with Tammām, so they became ten. O Lord, make them noble and righteous, and make them a remembrance and increase the fruit." As for al-Faḍl, he died a martyr at Ajnādayn; ʿAbd Allāh at al-Ṭāʾif; ʿUbayd Allāh in Yemen; Maʿbad and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān in Ifrīqiyah; Qutham and Kathīr at Yanbuʿ, and it was said that Qutham died at Samarqand. Muslim b. Qammādīn al-Makkī, the client of Banū Makhzūm, said: I have never seen the like of brothers from one mother, noble, born in one house, whose graves are farther apart than the sons of Umm al-Faḍl. Then he mentioned the places of their graves, as preceded, except that he said: al-Faḍl died in Madinah, and ʿUbayd Allāh in Syria. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās used to wear a ḥulla worth a thousand dirhams. The sons of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās He had sons: al-ʿAbbās, and ʿAlī, called al-Sajjād because of his abundant supererogatory prayers. He was the most handsome Qurayshī on the face of the earth. It was said that he used to pray a thousand rakʿas every day. It was also said: day and night, along with perfect beauty. Thus he is the forefather of the Abbasid caliphs, for in his descendants was the Abbasid caliphate. Ibn ʿAbbās also had Muḥammad, al-Faḍl, ʿAbd Allāh, and Lubāba, whose mother was Zurʿa bt. Musarraḥ b. Maʿdīkarib. And Asmāʾ, who was born of an umm walad. The mawālī of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās His mawālī included ʿIkrima, Kurayb, Abū Maʿbad, Shuʿba, Daqīq, Abū ʿAmra, Abū ʿUbayd, and Miqsam. He narrated one thousand six hundred and seventy hadiths. And God, glorified and exalted be He, knows best. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās's leadership of the ḥajj in the year 35 AH by order of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān (The leadership of Ibn ʿAbbās of the ḥajj in the year 35 AH by order of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān) Ibn ʿAbbās assumed leadership of the ḥajj in the year 35 AH by order of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, while ʿUthmān was besieged. During his absence, ʿUthmān was killed. Ibn ʿAbbās forbids al-Ḥusayn from going to Iraq When Muʿāwiya died and al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī wanted to go to Iraq, Ibn ʿAbbās forbade him in the strongest terms. Ibn ʿAbbās wanted to cling to al-Ḥusayn's clothes—because Ibn ʿAbbās had become feeble at the end of his life—but al-Ḥusayn did not accept it from him. When news of his death reached him, he grieved deeply and confined himself to his house. He used to say: "O tongue, speak good and you will gain; keep silent from evil and you will be safe; for if you do not, you will regret." Ibn ʿAbbās's exhortations A man called Jundab came to him and said: "Advise me." He said: "I advise you to affirm the oneness of God, to act for Him, to establish prayer, and to give zakāt. For every good you bring after that will be accepted and raised up to God. O Jundab, you will only increase in nearness from this day onward. So pray the prayer of one bidding farewell, and awake in this world as if you were a stranger or a traveler, for you are of the people of the graves. Weep over your sin, repent of your error, and let this world be lighter to you than the strap of your sandal. It is as if you have already left it and come to God's justice. You will not benefit from what you leave behind, and nothing will benefit you except your deeds." Some of them said: Ibn ʿAbbās bequeathed words better than dark horses. He said: "Do not speak about what does not concern you until you see a place for it. Do not argue with a fool or a forbearing man, for the forbearing one will defeat you and the fool will belittle you. Do not mention your brother when he is absent except in the way you would love for him to speak of you when you are absent. Perform the deed of a man who knows that he will be rewarded for good deeds and taken to task for crimes." A man present said: "O Ibn ʿAbbās, this is better than ten thousand." Ibn ʿAbbās said: "One word of it is better than ten thousand." Ibn ʿAbbās said: "The perfection of a favor is hastening it, making it small, and concealing it." That is, you should hasten the gift to the recipient, regard it as small in the giver's eyes, and conceal it from people, not making it public. For making it public opens the door of hypocrisy and breaks the heart of the recipient and shames him before people. Ibn ʿAbbās said: "The dearest person to me is my companion in a gathering; if I could prevent a fly from landing on his face, I would do so." He also said: "No one who comes to me seeking a need and finds me a place for it can repay me except God, mighty and glorious be He. Likewise a man who greets me first, or makes room for me in a gathering, or rises from his seat for me, or a man who gives me a drink of water when I am thirsty, or a man who protects me in my absence." The traditions related from him of such noble traits are very numerous, and what we have mentioned points to what we have not mentioned. Al-Haytham b. ʿAdī counted him among the blind nobles. In some hadiths related from him there is evidence of that. One of his eyes was afflicted, and his body grew thin; when the other was afflicted, his flesh returned to him. He was asked about that, and he said: "What you saw in the first was grief over the second; when both were gone, my heart was at rest." Abū al-Qāsim al-Baghawī, with his chain, related from ʿIkrima, from Ibn ʿAbbās, that water had formed in his eye. It was said to him: "We will remove the water from your eye on condition that you do not pray for seven days." He said: "No. Whoever leaves prayer while able to perform it meets God while He is angry with him." In another narration, it was said to him: "We will remove this water from your eye on condition that you remain five days without praying except leaning on a stick," and in another narration: "except lying down." He said: "No, by God, not even one rakʿa. Whoever leaves one prayer deliberately meets God while He is angry with him." Al-Madāʾinī recited for Ibn ʿAbbās when he became blind: If God takes from my two eyes their light In my tongue and my hearing there is light from them My heart is keen and my mind is free of corruption And in my mouth is a sharp blade like a polished sword Ibn ʿAbbās withdraws from the conflict between ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr and ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān When the dispute arose between Ibn al-Zubayr and ʿAbd al-Malik b. Marwān, Ibn ʿAbbās and Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyya withdrew from the people. Ibn al-Zubayr called them to pledge allegiance to him, but they refused, and each of them said: "We will not pledge allegiance to you, and we will not oppose you." He resolved to harm them. So they sent Abū al-Ṭufayl ʿĀmir b. Wāthila to seek help for them from their followers in Iraq. Four thousand men arrived and said a single takbīr in Makkah, and they moved against Ibn al-Zubayr. Ibn al-Zubayr fled and clung to the curtains of the Kaʿba, saying: "I seek refuge with God." So they were held back from him. Then they went to Ibn ʿAbbās and Ibn al-Ḥanafiyya. Ibn al-Zubayr had already piled firewood around their houses to burn them. So they brought the two men out until they alighted at al-Ṭāʾif. Ibn ʿAbbās stayed there for two years, not pledging allegiance to anyone, as previously mentioned. The death of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās In the year 68 AH, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās died in al-Ṭāʾif. Muḥammad b. al-Ḥanafiyya prayed over him and said: "Today the learned scholar of this community has died." When they placed him to put him into his grave, a white bird came, the like of whose form had never been seen, and entered his shrouds and wrapped itself in them until he was buried with it. ʿAffān said: "They regarded that as his knowledge." When he was placed in the laḥd, an unseen reciter—no one knew who he was—recited—and in another narration: they heard from his grave: "O soul at peace, return to your Lord, well-pleased and pleasing, and enter among My servants and enter My garden." This report about his death is what more than one of the imams has deemed correct, and it was affirmed by Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, al-Wāqidī, and Ibn ʿAsākir, and it is well known among the ḥuffāẓ. It was said that he died in the year 63 AH, and it was said: in the year 73 AH, and it was said: in the year 67 AH. It was also said: in the year 69 AH, and it was said: in the year 70 AH. The correct view is the first, and all these other statements are anomalous, strange, and rejected. And God, glorified and exalted be He, knows best. His age on the day he died was seventy-two years. It was said: seventy-one. It was said: seventy-four. The first is more correct, and God knows best.

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