Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2243
The Year 64 AH
بَيْعَةِ أَهْلِ خُرَاسَانَ سَلْمَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ وَأَمْرِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَازِمٍ وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ سَلْمَ بْنَ زِيَادٍ، وَهُوَ بِخُرَاسَانَ، مَوْتُ يَزِيدَ كَتَمَ ( ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ ابْنُ عَرَادَةَ: يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ الْمُغَلِّقُ بَابَهُ حَدَثَتْ أُمُورٌ شَأْنُهُنَّ عَظِيمُ قَتْلَى بِحَرَّةَ وَالَّذِينَ بِكَابُلٍ وَيَزِيدُ أُعْلِنَ شَأْنُهُ الْمَكْتُومُ أَبَنِي أُمَيَّةَ إِنَّ آخِرَ مَلْكِكُمْ جَسَدٌ بِحُوَّارِينَ ثُمَّ مُقِيمُ طَرَقَتْ مَنِيَّتُهُ وَعِنْدَ وِسَادِهِ كُوبُ وَزِقٌّ رَاعِفٌ مَرْثُومُ وَمُرِنَّةٌ تَبْكِي عَلَى نَشْوَانِهِ بِالصُّبْحِ تَقْعُدُ مَرَّةً وَتَقُومُ فَلَمَّا أَظْهَرَ شِعْرَهُ أَظْهَرَ سَلْمٌ مَوْتَ يَزِيدَ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ وَابْنِهِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ وَدَعَا النَّاسَ إِلَى الْبَيْعَةِ عَلَى الرِّضَى حَتَّى يَسْتَقِيمَ أَمْرُ النَّاسِ عَلَى خَلِيفَةٍ، فَبَايَعُوهُ ثُمَّ نَكَثُوا بِهِ بَعْدَ شَهْرَيْنِ، وَكَانَ مُحْسِنًا إِلَيْهِمْ مَحْبُوبًا فِيهِمْ، حَتَّى إِنَّهُمْ سَمَّوْا بِاسْمِهِ فِي تِلْكَ السَّنَةِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ أَلْفِ غُلَامٍ مَوْلُودٍ فَلَمَّا خُلِعَ عَنْهُمُ اسْتُخْلِفَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمُهَلَّبُ بْنُ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ، وَلَمَّا كَانَ بِسَرَخْسَ لَقِيَهُ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ مَرْثَدٍ، أَحَدُ بَنِي قَيْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْكَ نِزَارٌ حَتَّى خَلَّفْتَ عَلَى خُرَاسَانَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الْيَمَنِ ؟ يَعْنِي الْمُهَلَّبَ، وَكَانَ أَزْدِيًّا وَالْأَزْدُ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، فَوَلَّاهُ مَرْوَ الرُّوذِ وَالْفَارَيَابَ وَالطَّالَقَانَ وَالْجُوزَجَانَ، وَوَلَّى أَوْسَ بْنَ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنَ زُفَرَ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ قَصْرِ أَوْسٍ بِالْبَصْرَةِ، هَرَاةَ. فِتْنَةُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ خَازِمٍ بِخُرَاسَانَ فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ إِلَى نَيْسَابُورَ لِقِيَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ خَازِمٍ فَقَالَ: مَنْ وَلَّيْتَ خُرَاسَانَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: أَمَا وَجَدْتَ فِي الْمِصْرِ مَنْ تَسْتَعْمِلُهُ حَتَّى فَرَّقْتَ خُرَاسَانَ بَيْنَ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ وَالْيَمَنِ ؟ اكْتُبْ لِي عَهْدًا عَلَى خُرَاسَانَ. فَكَتَبَ لَهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ مِائَةَ أَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ. وَسَارَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ إِلَى مَرْوَ، وَبَلَغَ خَبَرُهُ الْمُهَلَّبَ فَأَقْبَلَ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ رَجُلًا مِنْ بَنِي جُشَمِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، فَلَمَّا وَصَلَهَا ابْنُ خَازِمٍ مَنَعَهُ الْجُشَمِيُّ وَجَرَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاوَشَةٌ، فَأَصَابَتِ الْجُشَمِيَّ رَمْيَةٌ بِحَجَرٍ فِي جَبْهَتِهِ، وَتَحَاجَزُوا، وَدَخَلَهَا ابْنُ خَازِمٍ، وَمَاتَ الْجُشَمِيُّ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ بِيَوْمَيْنِ. ثُمَّ سَارَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ إِلَى سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ بِمَرْوِ الرُّوذِ فَقَاتَلَهُ أَيَّامًا فَقُتِلَ سُلَيْمَانُ، ثُمَّ سَارَ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ مَرْثَدٍ وَهُوَ بِالطَّالَقَانِ فَاقْتَتَلُوا طَوِيلًا فَقُتِلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مَرْثَدٍ وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ فَلَحِقُوا بِهَرَاةَ بِأَوْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ، وَرَجَعَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ إِلَى مَرْوَ وَهَرَبَ مَنْ كَانَ بِمَرْوِ الرُّوذِ مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ إِلَى هَرَاةَ وَانْضَمَّ إِلَيْهَا مَنْ كَانَ بِكُوَرِ خُرَاسَانَ مِنْ بَكْرٍ وَكَثُرَ جَمْعُهُمْ وَقَالُوا لِأَوْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ: نُبَايِعُكَ عَلَى أَنْ تَسِيرَ إِلَى ابْنِ خَازِمٍ وَتُخْرِجَ مُضَرَ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ، فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِمْ، فَقَالَ لَهُ بَنُو صُهَيْبٍ، وَهُمْ مَوَالِي بَنِي جَحْدَمٍ: لَا نَرْضَى أَنْ نَكُونَ نَحْنُ وَمُضَرُ فِي بَلَدٍ وَاحِدٍ وَقَدْ قَتَلُوا سُلَيْمَانَ وَعَمْرًا ابْنِي مَرْثَدٍ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ تُبَايِعَنَا عَلَى هَذَا وَإِلَّا بَايَعْنَا غَيْرَكَ. فَأَجَابَهُمْ، فَبَايَعُوهُ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمُ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ فَنَزَلَ عَلَى وَادٍ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ هَرَاةَ، فَأَشَارَ الْبَكْرِيُّونَ بِالْخُرُوجِ مِنْ هَرَاةَ وَعَمَلِ خَنْدَقٍ، فَقَالَ أَوْسٌ: بَلْ نَلْزَمُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَإِنَّهَا حَصِينَةٌ وَنُطَاوِلُ ابْنَ خَازِمٍ لِيَضْجَرَ وَيُعْطِيَنَا مَا نُرِيدُ. فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ، فَخَرَجُوا وَخَنْدَقُوا خَنْدَقًا، وَقَاتَلَهُمُ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ نَحْوَ سَنَةٍ، وَقَالَ لَهُ هِلَالٌ الضَّبِّيُّ: إِنَّمَا تُقَاتِلُ إِخْوَتَكَ وَبَنِي أَبِيكَ، فَإِنْ نِلْتَ مِنْهُمُ الَّذِي تُرِيدُ فَمَا فِي الْعَيْشِ خَيْرٌ، فَلَوْ أَعْطَيْتَهُمْ شَيْئًا يَرْضَوْنَ بِهِ وَأَصْلَحْتَ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ. قَالَ: وَاللَّهُ لَوْ خَرَجْنَا لَهُمْ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ مَا رَضُوا. قَالَ هِلَالٌ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُقَاتِلُ مَعَكَ أَنَا وَلَا رَجُلٌ أَوْ تُطِيعُنِي حَتَّى تَعْتَذِرَ إِلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ: فَأَنْتَ رَسُولِي إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَرْضِهِمْ. فَأَتَى هِلَالٌ أَوْسَ بْنَ ثَعْلَبَةَ فَنَاشَدَهُ اللَّهَ وَالْقَرَابَةَ فِي نِزَارٍ وَأَنْ يَحْفَظَ وَلَاءَهَا. فَقَالَ: هَلْ لَقِيتَ بَنِي صُهَيْبٍ ؟ قَالَ: لَا. قَالَ: فَالْقَهَمُ. قَالَ: فَخَرَجَ فَلَقِيَ جَمَاعَةً مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ أَصْحَابِهِ فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ مَا أَتَى لَهُ. فَقَالُوا لَهُ: هَلْ لَقِيتَ بَنِي صُهَيْبٍ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَقَدْ عَظُمَ أَمْرُ بَنِي صُهَيْبٍ عِنْدَكُمْ، فَأَتَاهُمْ، فَقَالُوا: لَوْلَا أَنَّكَ رَسُولٌ لَقَتَلْنَاكَ. قَالَ: فَهَلْ يُرْضِيكُمْ شَيْءٌ ؟ قَالُوا: وَاحِدَةٌ مِنِ اثْنَتَيْنِ: إِمَّا أَنْ تَخْرُجُوا مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تُقِيمُوا وَتَخْرُجُوا لَنَا عَنْ كُلِّ سِلَاحٍ وَكُرَاعٍ وَذَهَبٍ وَفِضَّةٍ. فَرَجَعَ إِلَى ابْنِ خَازِمٍ، فَقَالَ: مَا عَنْكَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ رَبِيعَةَ لَمْ تَزَلْ غِضَابًا عَلَى رَبِّهَا مُنْذُ بَعَثَ نَبِيَّهُ مِنْ مُضَرَ. وَأَقَامَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ يُقَاتِلُهُمْ، فَقَالَ يَوْمًا لِأَصْحَابِهِ: قَدْ طَالَ مُقَامُنَا، وَنَادَاهُمْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ رَبِيعَةَ أَرَضِيْتُمْ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ بِخَنْدَقِكُمْ ! فَأَحْفَظَهُمْ ذَلِكَ، فَتَنَادَوْا لِلْقِتَالِ، فَنَهَاهُمْ أَوْسُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ بِجَمَاعَتِهِمْ وَأَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا كَمَا كَانُوا يُقَاتِلُونَ، فَعَصَوْهُ. فَقَالَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: اجْعَلُوهُ يَوْمَكُمْ فَيَكُونُ الْمُلْكُ لِمَنْ غَلَبَ، وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الْخَيْلَ فَاطْعَنُوهَا فِي مَنَاخِرِهَا. فَاقْتَتَلُوا سَاعَةً وَانْهَزَمَتْ بَكْرُ بْنُ وَائِلٍ حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى خَنْدَقِهِمْ وَتَفَرَّقُوا يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا وَسَقَطَ النَّاسُ فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَقُتِلُوا قَتْلًا ذَرِيعًا وَهَرَبَ أَوْسُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ إِلَى سِجِسْتَانَ فَمَاتَ بِهَا أَوْ قَرِيبًا مِنْهَا، وَقُتِلَ مِنْ بَكْرٍ يَوْمَئِذٍ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ، وَغَلَبَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ عَلَى هَرَاةَ وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَيْهَا ابْنَهُ مُحَمَّدًا وَضَمَّ إِلَيْهِ شَمَّاسَ بْنَ دِثَارٍ الْعُطَارِدِيَّ، وَجَعَلَ بُكَيْرَ بَنَ وَسَّاجٍ الثَّقَفِيَّ عَلَى شُرْطَتِهِ وَرَجَعَ ابْنُ خَازِمٍ إِلَى مَرْوَ. وَأَغَارَتِ التُّرْكُ عَلَى قَصْرِ اسْغَادَ، وَابْنُ خَازِمٍ عَلَى هَرَاةَ، وَكَانَ فِيهِ نَاسٌ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ، فَحَصَرُوهُمْ، فَأَرْسَلُوا إِلَى ابْنِ خَازِمٍ، فَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِمْ زُهَيْرَ بْنَ حَيَّانَ فِي بَنِي تَمِيمٍ وَقَالَ لَهُ: إِيَّاكَ وَمُنَاوَأَةَ التُّرْكِ، إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُمْ فَاحْمِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. فَوَافَاهُمْ فِي يَوْمٍ بَارِدٍ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَوْا حَمَلَ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَانْهَزَمَتِ التُّرْكُ وَاتَّبَعُوهُمْ حَتَّى مَضَى عَامَّةُ اللَّيْلِ، فَرَجَعَ زُهَيْرٌ وَقَدْ يَبَسَتْ يَدُهُ عَلَى رُمْحِهِ مِنَ الْبَرْدِ، فَجَعَلُوا يُسَخِّنُونَ الشَّحْمَ فَيَضَعُهُ عَلَى يَدِهِ وَدَهَنُوهُ وَأَوْقَدُوا لَهُ نَارًا فَانْتَفَخَتْ يَدُهُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى هَرَاةَ، ( فَقَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ ثَابِتُ قُطْنَةَ: فَدَتْ نَفْسِي فَوَارِسَ مِنْ تَمِيمٍ عَلَى مَا كَانَ مِنْ ضَنْكِ الْمُقَامِ بِقَصْرِ الْبَاهِلِيِّ وَقَدْ أَرَانِي أُحَامِي حِينَ قَلَّ بِهِ الْمُحَامِي بِسَيْفِي بَعْدَ كَسْرِ الرُّمْحِ فِيهِمْ أَذُودُهُمُ بِذِي شَطَبٍ حُسَامِ أَكُرُّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْيَحْمُومَ كَرَّا كَكَرِّ الشُّرْبِ آنِيَةَ الْمُدَامِ فَلَوْلَا اللَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ وَضَرْبِي قَوْنَسَ الْمَلِكِ الْهُمَامِ إِذَا فَاظَتْ نِسَاءُ بَنِي دِثَارٍ أَمَامَ التُّرْكِ بَادِيَةَ الْخِدَامِ )
Translation
✧ The pledge of allegiance of the people of Khurasan to Salm b. Ziyad and the affair of ʿAbd Allah b. Khazim When Salm b. Ziyad, while he was in Khurasan, received news of the death of Yazid, he concealed it. Ibn ʿArada said: O king who has locked his door, great matters have occurred whose import is mighty. Slain at al-Harra and those at Kabul, And Yazid's hidden affair has been made known. O Banu Umayya, the last of your kingship is A body at Huwwarin, then abiding. His death came upon him while at his pillow were A cup and a wineskin, dripping and stoppered, And a wailing woman weeping over his drunkenness, At dawn she sits down once and rises again. When he made his poetry public, Salm made public the death of Yazid b. Muʿawiya and his son Muʿawiya b. Yazid, and he called the people to pledge allegiance on the basis of satisfaction until the people's affair should be set aright under a caliph. So they pledged allegiance to him, then they broke their pledge to him after two months. He had been kind to them and beloved among them, so much so that they named more than a thousand newborn boys with his name in that year. When he was deposed from them, al-Muhallab b. Abi Sufra was appointed as his successor over them. When he was at Sarakhs, Sulayman b. Marthad, one of the Banu Qays b. Thaʿlaba b. Rabiʿa, met him and said to him: "Has Nizar become too narrow for you that you have appointed over Khurasan a man from Yemen?"—meaning al-Muhallab, and he was an Azdi, and al-Azd are from Yemen. So he appointed him over Marw al-Rudh, al-Faryab, al-Talaqan, and al-Juzjan, and he appointed Aws b. Thaʿlaba b. Zufar—and he is the owner of the palace of Aws in al-Basra—over Herat. The fitna of ʿAbd Allah b. Khazim in Khurasan When he reached Naysabur, ʿAbd Allah b. Khazim met him and said: "Whom have you appointed over Khurasan?" He informed him. He said: "Did you not find in the garrison city anyone you could appoint, that you have divided Khurasan between Bakr b. Waʾil and Yemen? Write for me a covenant over Khurasan." So he wrote for him and gave him one hundred thousand dirhams. Ibn Khazim marched to Marw. His news reached al-Muhallab, who came forward and left as his successor a man from Banu Jusham b. Saʿd b. Zayd Manat b. Tamim. When Ibn Khazim reached it, the Jushami prevented him, and skirmishing took place between them. The Jushami was struck by a stone on his forehead. They separated, and Ibn Khazim entered it. The Jushami died two days after that. Then Ibn Khazim marched against Sulayman b. Marthad at Marw al-Rudh and fought him for days, and Sulayman was killed. Then he marched against ʿAmr b. Marthad, who was at al-Talaqan, and they fought for a long time, and ʿAmr b. Marthad was killed, and his companions fled and joined Aws b. Thaʿlaba at Herat. Ibn Khazim returned to Marw. Those of Bakr b. Waʾil who were at Marw al-Rudh fled to Herat, and those of Bakr who were in the provinces of Khurasan joined them. Their numbers grew, and they said to Aws b. Thaʿlaba: "We will pledge allegiance to you on condition that you march against Ibn Khazim and expel Mudar from Khurasan." He refused them. The Banu Suhayb—and they are clients of the Banu Jahdam—said to him: "We will not accept that we and Mudar be in one land, for they have killed Sulayman and ʿAmr, the two sons of Marthad. Either you pledge allegiance to us on this, or we will pledge allegiance to someone else." So he answered them, and they pledged allegiance to him. Ibn Khazim marched against them and camped at a valley between him and Herat. The Bakris advised going out from Herat and making a trench. Aws said: "Rather, we will stay in the city, for it is fortified, and we will prolong the affair against Ibn Khazim so that he grows weary and gives us what we want." They refused him, so they went out and dug a trench. Ibn Khazim fought them for nearly a year. Hilal al-Dabbi said to him: "You are only fighting your brothers and the sons of your father. If you attain from them what you want, there is no good in life. If only you would give them something with which they would be satisfied and set this affair aright." He said: "By God, even if we left Khurasan to them, they would not be satisfied." Hilal said: "By God, neither I nor any man will fight with you unless you obey me and apologize to them." He said: "Then you are my messenger to them, so satisfy them." Hilal went to Aws b. Thaʿlaba and adjured him by God and kinship in Nizar, and to preserve its clientage. He said: "Have you met the Banu Suhayb?" He said: "No." He said: "Then meet them." He said: "He went out and met a group of the chiefs of his companions and told them what he had come for." They said to him: "Have you met the Banu Suhayb?" He said: "The affair of the Banu Suhayb has become great among you." So he went to them. They said: "Were you not a messenger, we would kill you." He said: "Will anything satisfy you?" They said: "One of two things: either you leave Khurasan, or you remain and leave to us all weapons, horses, gold, and silver." He returned to Ibn Khazim. He said: "What news have you?" He informed him. He said: "Rabiʿa has not ceased to be angry with its Lord since He sent His Prophet from Mudar." Ibn Khazim remained fighting them. One day he said to his companions: "Our stay has been prolonged," and he called out to them: "O assembly of Rabiʿa, are you satisfied with your trench from Khurasan?" That angered them, and they called one another to battle. Aws b. Thaʿlaba forbade them from going out in their whole group and from fighting as they had been fighting, but they disobeyed him. Ibn Khazim said to his companions: "Make it your day, and the kingdom will belong to whoever prevails. When you meet the cavalry, thrust at their nostrils." They fought for a while, and Bakr b. Waʾil fled until they reached their trench and dispersed right and left. People fell into the trench and were killed in great numbers. Aws b. Thaʿlaba fled to Sijistan and died there or near it. Eight thousand of Bakr were killed that day. Ibn Khazim gained control of Herat and appointed his son Muhammad over it, and he attached to him Shammas b. Dithar al-ʿUtaridi, and he made Bukayr b. Wassaj al-Thaqafi over his shurta. Ibn Khazim returned to Marw. The Turks raided the fortress of Isghad while Ibn Khazim was at Herat. There were people from al-Azd in it, and they besieged them. They sent to Ibn Khazim, and he dispatched Zuhayr b. Hayyan with the Banu Tamim, and he said to him: "Beware of confronting the Turks head-on. When you see them, charge at them." He met them on a cold day. When they met, he charged at them, and the Turks fled, and they pursued them until most of the night had passed. Zuhayr returned, and his hand had become frozen to his spear from the cold. They warmed fat and put it on his hand, and they anointed him and lit a fire for him, and his hand swelled. Then he returned to Herat. Thabit Qutna said about that: May my soul be ransom for horsemen of Tamim, Despite the straitness of the station, At the fortress of al-Bahili, and I saw myself Defending when defenders were few, With my sword after the spear broke among them, Driving them back with a sharp, polished blade, Wheeling upon them the dark charger repeatedly, Like the return of drinkers to the vessels of wine, Had it not been for God, who has no partner, And my striking the helmet of the brave king, Then the women of Banu Dithar would have cried out Before the Turks, exposing their anklets.
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