Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2215
The Year 61 AH
هُوَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبِ بْنِ عَبَدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ بْنِ هَاشِمٍ، أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْقُرَشِيُّ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، السِّبْطُ الشَّهِيدُ بِكَرْبَلَاءَ، ابْنُ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاطِمَةَ الزَّهْرَاءِ وَرَيْحَانَتُهُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا، وُلِدَ بَعْدَ أَخِيهِ الْحَسَنِ، وَكَانَ مَوْلِدُ الْحَسَنِ فِي سَنَةِ ثَلَاثٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ . وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّمَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمَا طُهْرٌ وَاحِدٌ وَمُدَّةُ الْحَمْلِ. وَوُلِدَ لِخَمْسِ لَيَالٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وُلِدَ الْحُسَيْنُ لِسِتِّ سِنِينَ وَخَمْسَةِ أَشْهُرٍ وَنِصْفٍ مِنَ التَّارِيخِ، وَقُتِلَ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ فِي الْمُحَرَّمِ سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَسِتِّينَ ، وَلَهُ أَرْبَعٌ وَخَمْسُونَ سَنَةً وَسِتَّةُ أَشْهُرٍ وَنِصْفٌ، ؓ. وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ حَنَّكَهُ، وَتَفَلَ فِي فِيهِ، وَدَعَا لَهُ، وَسَمَّاهُ حُسَيْنًا، وَقَدْ كَانَ سَمَّاهُ أَبُوهُ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ حَرْبًا، وَقِيلَ: جَعْفَرًا. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّمَا سَمَّاهُ يَوْمَ سَابِعِهِ وَعَقَّ عَنْهُ. وعَنْ عَلِيٍّ، ؓ قَالَ: الْحَسَنُ أَشْبَهُ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا بَيْنَ الصَّدْرِ إِلَى الرَّأْسِ، وَالْحُسَيْنُ أَشْبَهُ بِهِ مَا كَانَ أَسْفَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ: حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ الْحِزَامِيُ قَالَ: كَانَ وَجْهُ الْحَسَنِ يُشْبِهُ وَجْهَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ، وَكَانَ جَسَدُ الْحُسَيْنِ يُشْبِهُ جَسَدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ سُفْيَانُ: قُلْتُ لِعُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ: رَأَيْتَ الْحُسَيْنَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، أَسْوَدُ الرَّأْسِ وَاللِّحْيَةِ إِلَّا شَعَرَاتٍ هَاهُنَا فِي مُقَدَّمِ لِحْيَتِهِ، فَلَا أَدْرِي أَخَضَبَ وَتَرَكَ ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانَ تَشَبُّهًا بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَوْ لَمْ يَكُنْ شَابَ مِنْهُ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ ؟ وَقَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ عَطَاءٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ يَصْبُغُ بِالْوَسْمَةِ، أَمَّا هُوَ فَكَانَ ابْنَ سِتِّينَ، وَكَانَ رَأْسُهُ وَلِحْيَتُهُ شَدِيدَيِ السَّوَادِ. معاصرة الحسين للنبي ﷺ وَقَدْ أَدْرَكَ الْحُسَيْنُ مِنْ حَيَاةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ أَوْ نَحْوَهَا، وَرَوَى عَنْهُ أَحَادِيثَ. وَقَالَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ: لَهُ رُؤْيَةٌ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. وَقَدْ رَوَى صَالِحُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ حَنْبَلٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ فِي الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ: إِنَّهُ تَابِعِيٌّ ثِقَةٌ. وَهَذَا غَرِيبٌ، فَلَأَنْ يَقُولَ فِي الْحُسَيْنِ: إِنَّهُ تَابِعِيٌّ بِطَرِيقِ الْأَوْلَى. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ عَاصَرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَصَحِبَهُ إِلَى أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ وَهُوَ عَنْهُ رَاضٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُ كَانَ صَغِيرًا، ثُمَّ كَانَ الصِّدِّيقُ يُكْرِمُهُ وَيُعَظِّمُهُ، وَكَذَلِكَ عُمَرُ وَعُثْمَانُ، وَصَحِبَ أَبَاهُ وَرَوَى عَنْهُ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ فِي مَغَازِيهِ كُلِّهَا فِي الْجَمَلِ وَصِفِّينَ، وَكَانَ مُعَظَّمًا مُوَقَّرًا، وَلَمْ يَزَلْ فِي طَاعَةِ أَبِيهِ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، فَلَمَّا آلَتِ الْخِلَافَةُ إِلَى أَخِيهِ، وَأَرَادَ أَنْ يُصَالِحَ مُعَاوِيَةَ شَقَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَمْ يُسَدِّدْ رَأْيَ أَخِيهِ فِي ذَلِكَ، بَلْ حَثَّهُ عَلَى قِتَالِ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَخُوهُ: وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَسْجُنَكَ فِي بَيْتٍ، وَأُطْبِقَ عَلَيْكَ بَابَهُ حَتَّى أَفْرُغَ مِنْ هَذَا الشَّأْنِ، ثُمَّ أُخْرِجَكَ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى الْحُسَيْنُ ذَلِكَ سَكَتَ وَسَلَّمَ. إكرام معاوية للحسن والحسين في خلافته فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّتِ الْخِلَافَةُ لِمُعَاوِيَةَ كَانَ الْحُسَيْنُ يَتَرَدَّدُ إِلَيْهِ مَعَ أَخِيهِ الْحَسَنِ، فَكَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ يُكْرِمُهُمَا إِكْرَامًا زَائِدًا، وَيَقُولُ لَهُمَا: مَرْحَبًا وَأَهْلًا. وَيُعْطِيهِمَا عَطَاءً جَزِيلًا، وَقَدْ أَطْلَقَ لَهُمَا فِي يَوْمٍ وَاحِدٍ مِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ، وَقَالَ: خُذَاهَا وَأَنَا ابْنُ هِنْدَ، وَاللَّهِ لَا يُعْطِيكُمَاهَا أَحَدٌ قَبْلِي وَلَا أَحَدٌ بَعْدِي. فَقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: وَاللَّهِ لَنْ تُعْطِيَ أَنْتَ وَلَا أَحَدٌ قَبْلَكَ وَلَا بَعْدَكَ رَجُلَيْنِ أَفْضَلَ مِنَّا. وَلِمَا تُوُفِّيَ الْحَسَنُ كَانَ الْحُسَيْنُ يَفِدُ إِلَى مُعَاوِيَةَ فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ فَيُعْطِيهِ وَيُكْرِمُهُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ فِي الْجَيْشِ الَّذِينَ غَزَوُا الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةَ مَعَ ابْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ يَزِيدَ ، فِي سَنَةِ إِحْدَى وَخَمْسِينَ. فضائل الحسين ؓ ورَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ بسنده عن ابْنَ أَبِي نُعْمٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، وَسَأَلَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ عَنِ الْمُحْرِمِ يَقْتُلُ الذُّبَابَ، فَقَالَ: أَهْلُ الْعِرَاقِ يَسْأَلُونَ عَنْ قَتْلِ الذُّبَابِ، وَقَدْ قَتَلُوا ابْنَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ! وَقَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " هُمَا رَيْحَانَتَايَ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا " ؟ ! وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " مَنْ أَحَبَّهُمَا فَقَدْ أَحَبَّنِي، وَمَنْ أَبْغَضَهُمَا فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَنِي ". يَعْنِي حَسَنًا وَحُسَيْنًا. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: نَظَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ وَالْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ وَفَاطِمَةَ فَقَالَ: " أَنَا حَرْبٌ لِمَنْ حَارَبَكُمْ، سِلْمٌ لِمَنْ سَالَمَكُمْ ". تَفَرَّدَ بِهِمَا الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ. بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: خَرَجَ عَلَيْنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ حَسَنٌ وَحُسَيْنٌ، هَذَا عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ، وَهَذَا عَلَى عَاتِقِهِ، وَهُوَ يَلْثَمُ هَذَا مَرَّةً وَهَذَا مَرَّةً، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَاللَّهِ إِنَّكَ لَتُحِبُّهُمَا. فَقَالَ: " مَنْ أَحَبَّهُمَا فَقَدْ أَحَبَّنِي، وَمَنْ أَبْغَضَهُمَا فَقَدْ أَبْغَضَنِي ". تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ أَحْمَدُ. وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ بسنده عن أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ: سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَيُّ أَهْلِ بَيْتِكَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: " الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ ". قَالَ: وَكَانَ يَقُولُ: " ادْعُ لِيَ ابْنَيَّ ". فَيَشُمُّهُمَا وَيَضُمُّهُمَا إِلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَمُرُّ بِبَيْتِ فَاطِمَةَ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ إِذَا خَرَجَ إِلَى صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، فَيَقُولُ: " الصَّلَاةَ يَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ، إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَيُطَهِّرَكُمْ تَطْهِيرًا ". وعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَخْطُبُنَا، إِذْ جَاءَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ وَعَلَيْهِمَا قَمِيصَانِ أَحْمَرَانِ، يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ، فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْمِنْبَرِ فَحَمَلَهُمَا، فَوَضَعَهُمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " صَدَقَ اللَّهُ: " إِنَّمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَأَوْلَادُكُمْ فِتْنَةٌ " فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى هَذَيْنَ الصَّبِيَّيْنِ يَمْشِيَانِ وَيَعْثُرَانِ، فَلَمْ أَصْبِرْ حَتَّى قَطَعْتُ حَدِيثِي وَرَفَعْتُهُمَا ". وَعَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ مُرَّةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: " الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ سِبْطَانِ مِنَ الْأَسْبَاطِ ". وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ سَيِّدَا شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَقَدْ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ كُنَّا نُصْلِي مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعِشَاءَ، فَإِذَا سَجَدَ وَثَبَ الْحَسَنُ وَالْحُسَيْنُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ، فَإِذَا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ أَخَذَهُمَا أَخْذًا رَفِيقًا، فَيَضَعُهُمَا عَلَى الْأَرْضِ، فَإِذَا عَادَ عَادَا، حَتَّى قَضَى صَلَاتَهُ أَقْعَدَهُمَا عَلَى فَخِذَيْهِ. قَالَ: فَقُمْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَرُدُّهُمَا ؟ فَبَرَقَتْ بَرْقَةٌ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا: " الْحَقَا بِأُمِّكُمَا ". قَالَ: فَمَكَثَ ضَوْءُهَا حَتَّى دَخَلَا. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بسنده عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: دَخَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ عَلَى الْمَنَامَةِ، فَاسْتَسْقَى الْحَسَنُ أَوِ الْحُسَيْنُ، فَقَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى شَاةٍ لَنَا بَكِئٍ فَحَلَبَهَا فَدَرَّتْ، فَجَاءَهُ الْآخَرُ فَنَحَّاهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَأَنَّهُ أَحَبَّهُمَا إِلَيْكَ ؟ قَالَ: " لَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ اسْتَسْقَى قَبْلَهُ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنِّي وَإِيَّاكِ وَهَذَيْنِ وَهَذَا الرَّاقِدَ فِي مَكَانٍ وَاحِدٍ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ". إكرام عمر بن الخطاب للحسن والحسين ؓ وَقَدْ ثَبَتَ أَنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ كَانَ يُحِبُّهُمَا وَيُكْرِمُهُمَا وَيَحْمِلُهُمَا وَيُعْطِيهِمَا فِي الدِّيوَانِ كَمَا يُعْطِي أَبَاهُمَا، وَجِيءَ مَرَّةً بِحُلَلٍ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، فَقَسَّمَهَا بَيْنَ أَبْنَاءِ الصَّحَابَةِ، وَلَمْ يُعْطِهِمَا مِنْهَا شَيْئًا، وَقَالَ: لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ يَصْلُحُ لَهُمَا. ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إِلَى نَائِبِ الْيَمَنِ، فَاسْتَعْمَلَ لَهُمَا حُلَّتَيْنِ تُنَاسِبُهُمَا. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ بسنده عن الْعَيْزَارِ بْنِ حُرَيْثٍ قَالَ: بَيْنَمَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ جَالِسٌ فِي ظِلِّ الْكَعْبَةِ إِذْ رَأَى الْحُسَيْنَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ مُقْبِلًا، فَقَالَ: هَذَا أَحَبُّ أَهْلِ الْأَرْضِ إِلَى أَهْلِ السَّمَاءِ. وَقَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ بْنُ بَكَّارٍ بسنده عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَايَعَ الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ، وَهُمْ صِغَارٌ لَمْ يَبْلُغُوا، وَلَمْ يُبَايِعْ صَغِيرًا إِلَّا مِنَّا. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ بسنده عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ قَالَ: حَجَّ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ حَجَّةً مَاشِيًا، وَنَجَائِبُهُ تُقَادُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ. وَالصَّوَابُ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ الْحَسَنُ أَخُوهُ، كَمَا حَكَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ. وَقَالَ الْمَدَائِنِيُّ: جَرَى بَيْنَ الْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ كَلَامٌ فَتَهَاجَرَا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ أَقْبَلَ الْحَسَنُ إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ، فَأَكَبَّ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ فَقَبَّلَهُ، وَقَالَ: إِنَّ الَّذِي مَنَعَنِي مِنِ ابْتِدَائِكَ بِهَذَا أَنِّي رَأَيْتُ أَنَّكَ أَحَقُّ بِالْفَضْلِ مِنِّي، فَكَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُنَازِعَكَ مَا أَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ. وَحَكَى الْأَصْمَعِيُّ بسنده أَنَّ الْحَسَنَ كَتَبَ إِلَى الْحُسَيْنِ يَعِيبُ عَلَيْهِ إِعْطَاءَ الشُّعَرَاءِ، فَقَالَ الْحُسَيْنُ: إِنَّ خَيْرَ الْمَالِ مَا وَقَى الْعِرْضَ. وَقَدْ رَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بسنده عن سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ قَالَ: كَانَ الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَلِمَ، فَأَوْسَعَ لَهُ النَّاسُ، وَالْفَرَزْدَقُ بْنُ غَالِبٍ يَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: يَا أَبَا فِرَاسٍ، مَنْ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَ الْفَرَزْدَقُ: هَذَا الَّذِي تَعْرِفُ الْبَطْحَاءُ وَطْأَتَهُ وَالْبَيْتُ يَعْرِفُهُ وَالْحِلُّ وَالْحَرَمُ هَذَا ابْنُ خَيْرِ عِبَادِ اللَّهِ كُلِّهِمُ هَذَا التَّقِيُّ النَّقِيُّ الطَّاهِرُ الْعَلَمُ يَكَادُ يُمْسِكُهُ عِرْفَانَ رَاحَتِهِ رُكْنُ الْحَطِيمِ إِذَا مَا جَاءَ يَسْتَلِمُ إِذَا رَأَتْهُ قُرَيْشٌ قَالَ قَائِلُهَا إِلَى مَكَارِمِ هَذَا يَنْتَهِي الْكَرَمُ يُغْضِي حَيَاءً وَيُغْضَى مِنْ مَهَابَتِهِ فَمَا يُكَلَّمُ إِلَّا حِينَ يَبْتَسِمُ فِي كَفِّهِ خَيْزُرَانٌ رِيحُهَا عَبِقٌ بِكَفِّ أَرْوَعَ فِي عِرْنِينِهِ شَمَمُ مُشْتَقَّةٌ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ نِسْبَتُهُ طَابَتْ عَنَاصِرُهُ وَالْخِيمُ وَالشِّيَمُ لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ جَوَادٌ بُعْدَ غَايَتِهِ وَلَا يُدَانِيهِ قَوْمٌ إِنْ هُمُ كَرُمُوا أَيُّ الْعَشَائِرِ لَيْسَتْ فِي رِقَابِهِمُ لَأَوَّلِيَّةِ هَذَا أَوْ لَهُ نِعَمُ مَنْ يَعْرِفِ اللَّهَ يَعْرِفْ أَوَّلِيَّةَ ذَا فَالدِّينُ مِنْ بَيْتِ هَذَا نَالَهُ الْأُمَمُ هَكَذَا أَوْرَدَهَا الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي تَرْجَمَةِ الْحُسَيْنِ فِي " مُعْجَمِهِ الْكَبِيرِ " وَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ، فَإِنَّ الْمَشْهُورَ أَنَّهَا مِنْ قِيلِ الْفَرَزْدَقِ فِي عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ، لَا فِي أَبِيهِ، وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ ; فَإِنَّ الْفَرَزْدَقَ لَمْ يَرَ الْحُسَيْنَ إِلَّا وَهُوَ مُقْبِلٌ إِلَى الْحَجِّ وَالْحُسَيْنُ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَسَأَلَ الْحُسَيْنُ الْفَرَزْدَقَ عَنِ النَّاسِ، فَذَكَرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْحُسَيْنَ قُتِلَ بَعْدَ مُفَارَقَتِهِ لَهُ بِأَيَّامٍ يَسِيرَةٍ، فَمَتَى رَآهُ يَطُوفُ بِالْبَيْتِ ؟ ! وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَرَوَى هِشَامٌ، عَنْ عَوَانَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ سَعْدٍ: أَيْنَ الْكِتَابُ الَّذِي كَتَبْتُهُ إِلَيْكَ فِي قَتْلِ الْحُسَيْنِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَضَيْتُ لَأَمْرِكَ وَضَاعَ الْكِتَابُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ زِيَادٍ: لَتَجِيئَنَّ بِهِ. قَالَ: ضَاعَ. قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَتَجِيئَنَّ بِهِ. قَالَ: تُرِكَ وَاللَّهِ يُقْرَأُ عَلَى عَجَائِزِ قُرَيْشٍ أَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْهِنَّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ نَصَحْتُكَ فِي حُسَيْنٍ نَصِيحَةً لَوْ نَصَحْتُهَا أَبِي سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ لَكُنْتُ قَدْ أَدَّيْتُ حَقَّهُ. فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ زِيَادٍ أَخُو عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ: صَدَقَ عُمَرُ وَاللَّهِ، وَلَوَدِدْتُ وَاللَّهِ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْ بَنِي زِيَادٍ رَجُلٌ إِلَّا وَفَى أَنْفِهِ خِزَامَةٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَأَنَّ حُسَيْنًا لَمْ يُقْتَلْ. قَالَ: فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ.
Translation
✧ He is al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib b. Hāshim, Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Qurashī al-Hāshimī, the martyr grandson at Karbalāʾ, the son of the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Fāṭimah al-Zahrāʾ, and his fragrant basil from this world. He was born after his brother al-Ḥasan, and the birth of al-Ḥasan was in the year three of the Hijrah. Some said: There was only one purity period between them, and the duration of pregnancy. He was born on the fifth night of Shaʿbān in the year four. Qatādah said: Al-Ḥusayn was born six years, five months and a half after the calendar, and he was killed on Friday, the day of ʿĀshūrāʾ, in Muḥarram of the year sixty-one, at the age of fifty-four years, six months and a half, ؓ. It has been narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he chewed a date for him, spat in his mouth, prayed for him, and named him Ḥusayn. His father had previously named him Ḥarb, and it is said Jaʿfar, and it is said that he named him on the seventh day and performed the ʿaqīqah for him. From ʿAlī, ؓ, he said: Al-Ḥasan is more like the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from the chest to the head, and al-Ḥusayn is more like him in what is below that. Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār said: Muḥammad b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk al-Ḥizāmī narrated to me, saying: The face of al-Ḥasan resembled the face of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the body of al-Ḥusayn resembled the body of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Sufyān said: I said to ʿUbayd Allāh b. Abī Yazīd: Did you see al-Ḥusayn? He said: Yes, with black hair on his head and beard except for some hairs here in the front of his beard, and I do not know if he dyed and left that place in imitation of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, or if no other part had turned grey. Ibn Jurayj said: I heard ʿUmar b. ʿAṭāʾ say: I saw al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī dyeing with woad (wasmah). As for him, he was then sixty years old, and his head and beard were intensely black. Al-Ḥusayn's contemporaneity with the Prophet ﷺ: Al-Ḥusayn lived during the Prophet's ﷺ lifetime for five years or so, and narrated hadiths from him. Muslim b. al-Ḥajjāj said: He had the vision of the Prophet ﷺ (i.e., saw him). Ṣāliḥ b. Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal narrated from his father that he said about al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī: He is a trustworthy tābiʿī. This is strange, but it is more fitting to say about al-Ḥusayn that he is a tābiʿī by first priority. The intended point is that al-Ḥusayn was contemporary with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and accompanied him until he died, being pleased with him, but he was young. Then al-Ṣiddīq honored and revered him, as did ʿUmar and ʿUthmān. He accompanied his father and narrated from him, and was with him in all his battles at al-Jamal and Ṣiffīn. He was greatly revered and respected, and he remained obedient to his father until he was killed. When the caliphate passed to his brother, and he wanted to make peace with Muʿāwiyah, that was hard for him, and he did not approve of his brother's opinion on that; rather, he urged him to fight the people of Syria. His brother said to him: By Allah, I have considered imprisoning you in a house and locking its door upon you until I finish this matter, then release you. When al-Ḥusayn saw that, he fell silent and submitted. Muʿāwiyah's honoring of al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn during his caliphate: When the caliphate was settled for Muʿāwiyah, al-Ḥusayn would visit him along with his brother al-Ḥasan. Muʿāwiyah would honor them with great honor, and would say to them: Welcome and greetings, and he would give them generous gifts. One day he gave them two hundred thousand, and said: Take it, and I am the son of Hind. By Allah, no one before me or after me will give you such. Al-Ḥusayn said: By Allah, neither you nor anyone before you or after you will ever give two men better than us. When al-Ḥasan died, al-Ḥusayn would come to Muʿāwiyah every year, and he would give him gifts and honor him. He was among the army that raided Constantinople with Muʿāwiyah's son Yazīd in the year fifty-one. The virtues of al-Ḥusayn ؓ: Al-Bukhārī narrated with his chain from Ibn Abī Naʿm, who said: I heard ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar when a man from Iraq asked him about a muḥrim killing a fly, and he said: The people of Iraq ask about killing a fly while they have killed the son of the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ! And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "They are my two fragrant basils from this world." Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Whoever loves them has loved me, and whoever hates them has hated me," meaning Ḥasan and Ḥusayn. Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Prophet ﷺ looked at ʿAlī, al-Ḥasan, al-Ḥusayn, and Fāṭimah and said: "I am at war with whoever makes war with you, and at peace with whoever makes peace with you." These two are unique to Imām Aḥmad. With his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came out to us with Ḥasan and Ḥusayn, this one on one shoulder and this one on the other, kissing this one once and that one once, until he reached us. A man said to him: O Messenger of Allah, by Allah, you love them. He said: "Whoever loves them has loved me, and whoever hates them has hated me." Unique to Aḥmad. Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abū Yaʿlā al-Mawṣilī narrated with his chain from Anas b. Mālik, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was asked: Which of your household is most beloved to you? He said: "Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn." He said: And he would say: "Call my two sons to me," and he would smell them and hold them close to him. Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from Anas that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would pass by Fāṭimah's house for six months when he went out for the dawn prayer, and would say: "The prayer, O people of the house. Allah only desires to remove impurity from you, O people of the house, and purify you thoroughly." From ʿAbd Allāh b. Buraydah, from his father, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was delivering a sermon to us when al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn came wearing two red shirts, walking and stumbling. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ descended from the pulpit, carried them, and placed them before him. Then he said: "Allah has spoken the truth: 'Your wealth and your children are only a trial.' I looked at these two boys walking and stumbling, and I could not bear it until I cut off my speech and lifted them up." From Yaʿlā b. Murrah, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn are two grandsons of the tribes." Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn are the masters of the youth of Paradise." Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from Abū Hurayrah, who said: We were praying the evening prayer with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and when he prostrated, al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn would jump on his back. When he raised his head, he would take them gently and place them on the ground. When he prostrated again, they did it again, until he finished his prayer, and then he seated them on his thighs. He said: I got up to him and said: O Messenger of Allah, should I send them back? A flash of lightning flashed, and he said to them: "Go to your mother." He said: Its light lingered until they entered. Imām Aḥmad narrated with his chain from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to me while I was sleeping on the bed, and al-Ḥasan or al-Ḥusayn asked for water. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ went to a sheep of ours that had little milk, and milked it, and it flowed generously. Then the other one came, and the Prophet ﷺ moved him aside. Fāṭimah said: O Messenger of Allah, it is as if he is more beloved to you than the other? He said: "No, but he asked for water first." Then he said: "I, you, these two, and this sleeping one will be in one place on the Day of Resurrection." ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb's honoring of al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn ؓ: It has been established that ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb loved them and honored them, carried them, and gave them from the dīwān as he gave their father. Once fine garments were brought from Yemen, and he distributed them among the sons of the companions, but gave them nothing from them, and said: There is nothing in them that suits them. Then he sent to the governor of Yemen, and had two suits made for them that fitted them. Muḥammad b. Saʿd narrated with his chain from al-ʿAyzār b. Ḥurayth, who said: While ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ was sitting in the shade of the Kaʿbah, he saw al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī approaching, and said: This is the most beloved of the people of the earth to the people of heaven. Al-Zubayr b. Bakkār narrated with his chain from Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ accepted the pledge of allegiance from al-Ḥasan, al-Ḥusayn, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar while they were young and had not reached puberty, and he did not accept the pledge of allegiance from any minor except from us. Muḥammad b. Saʿd narrated with his chain from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUbayd b. ʿUmayr, who said: Al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī performed twenty-five pilgrimages on foot, while his fine camels were led before him. The correct view is that this was his brother al-Ḥasan, as al-Bukhārī reported. Al-Madāʾinī said: Some words occurred between al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn, and they broke off relations. After that, al-Ḥasan came to al-Ḥusayn, bent over his head and kissed him, and said: What prevented me from beginning with you with this was that I saw you as more deserving of excellence than me, and I disliked to dispute with you over what you are more deserving of. Al-Aṣmaʿī narrated with his chain that al-Ḥasan wrote to al-Ḥusayn criticizing him for giving to poets, and al-Ḥusayn said: The best wealth is that which protects one's honor. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with his chain from Sulaymān b. al-Haytham, who said: Al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī was circumambulating the House, and he wanted to touch the corner, so the people made way for him. Al-Farazdaq b. Ghālib was watching him, and a man said: O Abū Firās, who is this? Al-Farazdaq said: This is he whose footsteps the valley knows, And the House knows him, and the sanctuary and the sacred precinct. This is the son of the best of all Allah's servants, This is the pious, pure, immaculate, the noble. The corner of the Ḥaṭīm almost recognizes his palm When he comes to touch it. When Quraysh see him, one of them says: To the noble qualities of this one does generosity end. He lowers his gaze out of modesty, and others lower theirs out of awe of him, And he is not spoken to except when he smiles. In his hand is a cane whose scent is fragrant, In the hand of a striking man in whose nose there is loftiness. His lineage is derived from the Messenger of Allah, His elements are good, and his nature and character. No generous man can surpass his limit, And no people can equal him, however generous they are. Which clans do not have upon their necks Obligations to this one's precedence, or favors from him? Whoever knows Allah knows the precedence of this one, For religion from the house of this one has reached the nations. Thus al-Ṭabarānī cited these verses in the biography of al-Ḥusayn in his "Muʿjam al-Kabīr," and it is strange, for the well-known view is that they were said by al-Farazdaq about ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn, not about his father, and that is more likely. For al-Farazdaq did not see al-Ḥusayn except when he was going to the pilgrimage while al-Ḥusayn was going to Iraq. Al-Ḥusayn asked al-Farazdaq about the people, and he told him what has been mentioned above. Then al-Ḥusayn was killed a few days after leaving him, so when did he see him circumambulating the House? Allah knows best. Hishām narrated from ʿAwānah, who said: ʿUbayd Allāh b. Ziyād said to ʿUmar b. Saʿd: Where is the letter I wrote to you about killing al-Ḥusayn? He said: I carried out your order, and the letter was lost. Ibn Ziyād said to him: You must bring it. He said: It is lost. He said: By Allah, you must bring it. He said: It was left, by Allah, to be read to the old women of Quraysh while excusing myself to them in Madinah. By Allah, I gave you sincere advice about Ḥusayn, advice that if I had given to my father Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, I would have fulfilled his right. ʿUthmān b. Ziyād, the brother of ʿUbayd Allāh, said: ʿUmar has spoken the truth, by Allah, and I would wish, by Allah, that there were no man among the Banū Ziyād but that a nose ring were threaded through his nose until the Day of Resurrection, and that Ḥusayn had not been killed. He said: By Allah, ʿUbayd Allāh did not object to that.
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