Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2129
The caliphate of Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān
وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ تُوُفِّيَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أَحَدُ كُتَّابِ الْوَحْيِ ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي كَتَبَ هَذَا الْمُصْحَفَ الْإِمَامَ الَّذِي بِالشَّامِ ، عَنْ أَمْرِ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، وَهُوَ خَطٌّ جَيِّدٌ قَوِّيٌّ جِدًّا فِيمَا رَأَيْتُهُ، وَقَدْ كَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ ذَكَاءً، تَعَلَّمَ لِسَانَ يَهُودَ وَكِتَابَهُمْ فِي خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا . قَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الْبَرَاءِ: تَعَلَّمَ الْفَارِسِيَّةَ مِنْ رَسُولِ كِسْرَى فِي ثَمَانِيَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، وَتَعَلَّمَ الْحَبَشِيَّةَ وَالرُّومِيَّةَ وَالْقِبْطِيَّةَ مِنْ خُدَّامِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَأَوَّلُ مَشَاهِدِهِ الْخَنْدَقُ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً. وعَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ: كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ بُغَاثٍ وَأَنَا ابْنُ سِتِّ سِنِينَ، وَكَانَتْ قَبْلَ هِجْرَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِخَمْسِ سِنِينَ، فَقَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ وَأَنَا ابْنُ إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً، وَأُتِيَ بِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: غُلَامٌ مِنَ الْخَزْرَجِ قَدْ قَرَأَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ سُورَةً، فَلَمْ أُجَزْ فِي بَدْرٍ وَلَا أُحُدٍ، وَأُجِزْتُ فِي الْخَنْدَقِ. وعَنْ خَارِجَةَ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَتَعَلَّمَ كِتَابَ يَهُودَ، وَقَالَ: "إِنِّي لَا آمَنُهُمْ أَنْ يُبَدِّلُوا كِتَابِي ". فَقَالَ: فَتَعَلَّمْتُهُ فِي بِضْعَ عَشْرَ. قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ كَانَ زَيْدٌ يَكْتُبُ كِتَابَ الْعَرَبِيَّةِ وَكِتَابَ الْعِبْرَانِيَّةِ، وَأَوَّلُ مَشْهَدٍ شَهِدَهُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْخَنْدَقُ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ يَنْقُلُ التُّرَابَ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "أَعْلَمُهُمْ بِالْفَرَائِضِ زَيْدٌ " وَاسْتَعْمَلَهُ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْقَضَاءِ. وعَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مَسْرُوقًا يَقُولُ: أَتَيْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَسَأَلْتُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَإِذَا زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ مِنَ الرَّاسِخِينَ فِي الْعِلْمِ. وعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّهُ أَخَذَ لِزَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ بِالرِّكَابِ، فَقَالَ: تَنَحَّ يَا ابْنَ عَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: هَكَذَا يُفْعَلُ بِعُلَمَائِنَا وَكُبَرَائِنَا. وعَنْ ثَابِتِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ مِنْ أَفْكَهِ النَّاسِ فِي بَيْتِهِ، وَأَزْمَتِهِ إِذَا خَرَجَ إِلَى الرِّجَالِ. وعن مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، قَالَ: خَرَجَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ النَّاسُ رَاجِعِينَ، فَدَخَلَ دَارًا، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: فَقَالَ: مَنْ لَا يَسْتَحِي مِنَ النَّاسِ لَا يَسْتَحِي مِنَ اللَّهِ. وعَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: أَرْسَلَ إِلَيَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَقْتَلَ أَهْلِ الْيَمَامَةِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الْقَتْلَ قَدِ اسْتَحَرَّ بِقُرَّاءِ الْقُرْآنِ، وَإِنِّي أَخْشَى أَنْ يَذْهَبَ كَثِيرًا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَإِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ يُجْمَعَ الْقُرْآنُ، وَأَنْتَ رَجُلٌ شَابٌّ عَاقِلٌ لَا نَتَّهِمُكَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتَ تَكْتُبُ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْوَحْيَ، فَتَتَّبِعِ الْقُرْآنَ فَأَجْمَعْهُ. قَالَ زَيْدٌ: فَوَاللَّهِ لَوْ كَلَّفَنِي نَقْلَ جَبَلٍ أَنْقُلُهُ حَجَرًا حَجَرًا مَا كَانَ أَثْقَلَ عَلَيَّ مِمَّا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ، فَقُمْتُ فَتَتَبَّعْتُ الْقُرْآنَ أَجْمَعُهُ مِنَ الرِّقَاعِ وَالْعُسْبِ وَالْأَكْتَافِ وَصُدُورِ الرِّجَالِ، فَوَجَدْتُ آخِرَ سُورَةِ التَّوْبَةِ مَعَ خُرَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ: لَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ الْآيَتَيْنِ. قَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: أَتَى خَرِيمَةُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ بِهَاتَيْنِ الْآيَتَيْنِ، قَالَ زَيْدٌ: مَنْ يَشْهَدُ مَعَكَ، قَالَ: عُمَرُ أَنَا. وَكَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ قَدْ قَالَ: إِذَا أَتَاكُمْ أَحَدٌ بِشَيْءٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ تُنْكِرَانِهِ فَشَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ رَجُلَانِ، فَأَثْبِتَاهُ. وَلَمَّا نَسَخَ عُثْمَانُ الْمَصَاحِفَ أَمَرَ أُبَيَّ بْنَ كَعْبٍ أَنْ يُمْلِيَ وَزَيْدًا أَنْ يَكْتُبَ، وَكَانَ عُمَرُ ؓ يَسْتَخْلِفُ زَيْدًا عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ إِذَا سَافَرَ، وَلَمَّا حُوصِرَ عُثْمَانُ كَانَ زَيْدٌ يَذُبُّ عَنْهُ، وَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ الْأَنْصَارُ يَقُولُونَ جِئْنَا لِنَنْصُرَ اللَّهَ مَرَّتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: أَمَّا الْقِتَالُ فَلَا. تُوُفِّيَ زَيْدٌ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ سِتَّةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، وَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَصْفَرَّ الشَّمْسُ، فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ حَتَّى أَصْبَحَ، فَصَلَّى عَلَيْهِ مَرْوَانُ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهُ تُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ وَخَمْسِينَ. وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ إِحْدَى وَخَمْسِينَ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لَقَدْ مَاتَ الْيَوْمَ عِلْمٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَقَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ: مَاتَ خَيْرُ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. سلمة بن سلامة بن وقش وَفِيهَا مَاتَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ سَلَامَةَ بْنِ وَقْشٍ، عَنْ سَبْعِينَ سَنَةً ، وَقَدْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، وَلَا عَقِبَ لَهُ. عاصم بن عدي وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ الْبَلَوِيُّ ، وَكَانَ بَدْرِيًّا، وَقِيلَ: لَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا بَلْ رَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ وَضَرَبَ لَهُ بِسَهْمِهِ، وَقَدِ اسْتَخْلَفَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى بَدْرٍ عَلَى قُبَاءَ وَأَهْلِ الْعَالِيَةِ، وَشَهِدَ أُحُدًا وَمَا بَعْدَهَا، وَتُوُفِّيَ عَنْ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ وَمِائَةٍ وقيل غير ذلك، وَقَدْ بَعَثَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ هُوَ وَمَالِكُ بْنُ الدُّخْشُمِ إِلَى مَسْجِدِ الضِّرَارِ فَحَرَّقَاهُ. حفصة بنت عمر بن الخطاب وَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَتْ حَفْصَةُ بِنْتُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ أُمُّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ، وَكَانَتْ قَبْلَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحْتَ خُنَيْسِ بْنِ حُذَافَةَ السَّهْمِيِّ، وَهَاجَرَتْ مَعَهُ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَتُوُفِّيَ عَنْهَا بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ، فَلَمَّا انْقَضَتْ عُدَّتُهَا عَرَضَهَا أَبُوهَا عَلَى عُثْمَانَ بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ زَوْجَتِهِ رُقَيَّةَ بِنْتِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَعَرَضَهَا عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَلَمْ يَرُدَّ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا، فَمَا كَانَ عَنْ قَرِيبٍ حَتَّى خَطَبَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا، فَعَاتَبَ عُمَرُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ قَدْ ذَكَرَهَا، فَمَا كُنْتُ لِأُفْشِيَ سِرَّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَوْ تَرَكَهَا لَتَزَوَّجْتُهَا. وَقَدْ رَوَيْنَا فِي الْحَدِيثِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَلَّقَ حَفْصَةَ ثُمَّ رَاجَعَهَا. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَمَرَهُ بِمُرَاجَعَتِهَا، وَقَالَ: إِنَّهَا صَوَّامَةٌ قَوَّامَةٌ، وَهِيَ زَوْجَتُكَ فِي الْجَنَّةِ. وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ الْجُمْهُورُ أَنَّهَا تُوُفِّيَتْ فِي شَعْبَانَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ عَنْ سِتِّينَ سَنَةً. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّهَا تُوُفِّيَتْ أَيَّامَ عُثْمَانَ. وَالْأَوَّلُ أَصَحُّ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. قِيلَ: مَاتَتْ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ. ثابت بن الضحاك بن خليفة الكلابي وَفِيهَا تُوُفِّيَ ثَابِتُ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ خَلِيفَةَ الْكِلَابِيُّ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الشَّجَرَةِ، وَهُوَ أَخُو أَبِي جُبَيْرَةَ بْنِ الضَّحَّاكِ.
Translation
✧ In this year Zayd b. Thābit al-Anṣārī, one of the scribes of the revelation, died. He is the one who wrote this master muṣḥaf that is in Syria, at the command of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and it is a very excellent and strong script according to what I have seen. Zayd b. Thābit was among the most intelligent of people: he learned the language of the Jews and their writing in fifteen days. Abū al-Ḥasan b. al-Barāʾ said: He learned Persian from the messenger of Kisrā in eighteen days, and he learned Abyssinian, Greek, and Coptic from the servants of the Messenger of God ﷺ. Al-Wāqidī said: His first battle was the Trench, when he was fifteen years old. On the authority of Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Saʿd b. Zurārah, who said: Zayd b. Thābit said: The battle of Buʿāth took place when I was six years old, and it was five years before the Hijrah of the Messenger of God ﷺ. The Messenger of God ﷺ came to Madinah when I was eleven years old, and I was brought to the Messenger of God ﷺ. They said: A boy from the Khazraj who has read sixteen sūrahs. I was not allowed to fight at Badr or Uḥud, but I was allowed at the Trench. On the authority of Khārijah b. Zayd b. Thābit, from his father: The Messenger of God ﷺ ordered him to learn the writing of the Jews, and said: “I do not trust them not to alter my writing.” He said: So I learned it in some ten days. Ibn Saʿd said: Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: Zayd used to write Arabic script and Hebrew script. The first battle he witnessed with the Messenger of God ﷺ was the Trench, and he was among those who carried earth on that day. The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “The most knowledgeable of them in the laws of inheritance is Zayd.” ʿUmar appointed him as judge. On the authority of Ibn Isḥāq, that he heard Masrūq say: I came to Madinah and asked about the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and Zayd b. Thābit was among those firmly rooted in knowledge. On the authority of Ibn ʿAbbās: that he took hold of the stirrup for Zayd b. Thābit, and Zayd said: Move aside, O cousin of the Messenger of God ﷺ. Ibn ʿAbbās said: This is how we treat our scholars and elders. On the authority of Thābit b. ʿUbayd, who said: Zayd b. Thābit was among the most jovial of people in his house, and among the most reserved when he went out to men. On the authority of Muḥammad b. Sīrīn, who said: Zayd b. Thābit went out on Friday and met the people returning, so he entered a house. It was said to him, and he said: Whoever is not ashamed before people is not ashamed before God. On the authority of Zayd b. Thābit, who said: Abū Bakr sent for me at the time of the killing of the people of al-Yamāmah, and he said: The killing has become intense among the reciters of the Qurʾān, and I fear that much of the Qurʾān may be lost. I think the Qurʾān should be collected, and you are a young, intelligent man whom we do not suspect, and you used to write down the revelation for the Messenger of God ﷺ. So follow up the Qurʾān and collect it. Zayd said: By God, if he had charged me with moving a mountain, carrying it stone by stone, it would not have been heavier upon me than what he commanded me to do. So I undertook to follow up the Qurʾān, collecting it from palm stalks, thin white stones, shoulder blades, and the hearts of men. I found the last part of Sūrat al-Tawbah with Khuraymah b. Thābit: “There has come to you a Messenger from among yourselves” – the two verses. The scholars of the sīrah said: Khuraymah b. Thābit brought these two verses. Zayd said: Who will testify with you? He said: ʿUmar, I will. Abū Bakr had said: If someone brings you something of the Qurʾān that you two do not recognize, and two men testify to it, then record it. When ʿUthmān copied the muṣḥafs, he ordered Ubayy b. Kaʿb to dictate and Zayd to write. ʿUmar ؓ used to appoint Zayd as his deputy over Madinah when he traveled. When ʿUthmān was besieged, Zayd defended him and entered upon him and said: These Anṣār say: We have come to help God twice. ʿUthmān said: As for fighting, no. Zayd died in Madinah in this year at the age of fifty-six, and he died before the sun turned yellow, and he was not brought out until morning, and Marwān prayed over him. It is said that he died in the year fifty-five. And it is said: in the year fifty-one. Ibn ʿAbbās said: Today a great deal of knowledge has died. Abū Hurayrah said: The best of this community has died. Salamah b. Salāmah b. Waqsh In this year Salamah b. Salāmah b. Waqsh died at the age of seventy, and he had witnessed Badr and what followed, and he had no descendants. ʿĀṣim b. ʿAdī And ʿĀṣim b. ʿAdī al-Anṣārī al-Balawī, and he was a Badrī; and it is said: he did not witness it, but the Messenger of God ﷺ sent him back to Madinah and allotted him his share. The Messenger of God ﷺ appointed him as his deputy over Qubāʾ and the people of al-ʿĀliyah when he went out to Badr. He witnessed Uḥud and what followed, and he died at the age of one hundred and fifteen, and it is said otherwise. The Messenger of God ﷺ sent him and Mālik b. al-Dukhshum to the mosque of Ḍirār, and they burned it. Ḥafṣah bt. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb In this year Ḥafṣah bt. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, the Mother of the Believers, died. Before the Messenger of God ﷺ she was married to Khunayth b. Ḥudhāfah al-Sahmī, and she emigrated with him to Madinah. He died after Badr, and when her waiting period ended, her father offered her to ʿUthmān after the death of his wife Ruqayyah bt. the Messenger of God ﷺ, but he refused to marry her. He offered her to Abū Bakr, but he gave no reply. It was not long before the Messenger of God ﷺ proposed to her and married her. ʿUmar later reproached Abū Bakr about that, and Abū Bakr said to him: The Messenger of God ﷺ had mentioned her, and I was not going to divulge the secret of the Messenger of God ﷺ; if he had left her, I would have married her. We have narrated in the hadith that the Messenger of God ﷺ divorced Ḥafṣah and then took her back. In one narration, Gabriel commanded him to take her back, and said: She is a frequent faster and a frequent prayer, and she is your wife in Paradise. The majority agree that she died in Shaʿbān of this year at the age of sixty. It is said that she died in the days of ʿUthmān, and the first is more correct. God knows best. It is said: she died in the caliphate of ʿUthmān in Madinah. Thābit b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Khalīfah al-Kilābī In this year Thābit b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Khalīfah al-Kilābī died, and he was among the companions of the tree, and he was the brother of Abū Jubayrah b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.