Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2069
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ الْخَوَارِجِ سبب خروج الخوارج عن علي ؓ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْأَشْعَثَ بْنَ قَيْسٍ مَرَّ عَلَى مَلَأٍ مَنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، فَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْكِتَابَ، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عُرْوَةُ ابْنُ أُدَيَّةَ - وَهِيَ أُمُّهُ، وَهُوَ عُرْوَةُ بْنُ حُدَيْرٍ مِنْ بَنِي رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ حَنْظَلَةَ، وَهُوَ أَخُو أَبِي بِلَالٍ مِرْدَاسِ بْنِ حُدَيْرٍ - فَقَالَ: أَتُحَكِّمُونَ فِي دِينِ اللَّهِ الرِّجَالَ ؟ ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ بِسَيْفِهِ عَجُزَ دَابَّةِ الْأَشْعَثِ، فَغَضِبِ الْأَشْعَثُ وَقَوْمُهُ، وَجَاءَ الْأَحْنَفُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ وَجَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ يَعْتَذِرُونَ إِلَى الْأَشْعَثِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. قَالَ الْهَيْثَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ وَالْخَوَارِجُ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ أَوَّلَ مَنْ حَكَّمَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الرَّاسِبِيُّ، وَالصَّحِيحُ الْأَوَّلُ. وَقَدْ أَخَذَ هَذِهِ الْكَلِمَةَ مِنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ طَوَائِفُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ عَلِيٍّ مِنَ الْقُرَّاءِ وَقَالُوا: إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ. فَسُمُّوا الْمُحَكِّمِيَّةَ. وَتَفَرَّقَ النَّاسُ إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ مِنْ صِفِّينَ، فَرَجَعَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى الْكُوفَةِ عَلَى طَرِيقِ هِيتَ، وَرَجَعَ مُعَاوِيَةُ إِلَى الشَّامِ بِأَصْحَابِهِ، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ عَلِيٌّ الْكُوفَةَ سَمِعَ رَجُلًا يَقُولُ: ذَهَبَ عَلِيٌّ وَرَجَعَ فِي غَيْرِ شَيْءٍ. فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: لَلَّذِينَ فَارَقْنَاهُمْ آنِفًا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ. ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ يَقُولُ: أَخُوكَ الَّذِي إِنَّ أَجْرَضَتْكَ مُلِمَّةٌ مِنَ الدَّهْرِ لَمْ يَبْرَحْ لِبَثِّكَ وَاجِمَا وَلَيْسَ أَخُوكَ بِالَّذِي إِنْ تَشَعَّبَتْ عَلَيْكَ الْأُمُورُ ظَلَّ يَلْحَاكَ لَائِمَا ثُمَّ مَضَى فَجَعَلَ يَذْكُرُ اللَّهَ حَتَّى دَخَلَ قَصْرَ الْإِمَارَةِ مِنَ الْكُوفَةِ، وَلَمَّا كَانَ قَدْ قَرُبَ مِنْ دُخُولِ الْكُوفَةِ انْخَزَلَ مَنْ جَيْشِهِ قَرِيبٌ مِنِ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَهُمُ الْخَوَارِجُ، وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُسَاكِنُوهُ فِي بَلَدِهِ، وَنَزَلُوا بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: حَرُورَاءُ. وَأَنْكَرُوا عَلَيْهِ أَشْيَاءَ فِيمَا يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ ارْتَكَبَهَا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِمْ عَلِيٌّ، ؓ، عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَنَاظَرَهُمْ، فَرَجَعَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ وَبَقِيَ بَقِيَّتُهُمْ، فَقَاتَلَهُمْ عَلِيٌّ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي بَيَانُهُ وَتَفْصِيلُهُ قَرِيبًا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ الْخَوَارِجَ هُمُ الْمُشَارُ إِلَيْهِمْ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْمُتَّفَقِ عَلَيْهِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ: تَمْرُقُ مَارِقَةٌ عَلَى حِينِ فُرْقَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ - وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: " مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ". وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: " مِنْ أُمَّتِي " - " فَيَقْتُلُهَا أَوْلَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ بِالْحَقِّ ". وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، ذَكَرَ قَوْمًا يَكُونُونَ فِي أُمَّتِهِ يَخْرُجُونَ فِي فِرْقَةٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، سِيمَاهُمُ التَّحْلِيقُ، هُمْ شَرُّ الْخَلْقِ - أَوْ مِنْ شَرِّ الْخَلْقِ - يَقْتُلُهُمْ أَدْنَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ. قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: وَأَنْتُمْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ. فَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ مِنْ دَلَائِلِ النُّبُوَّةِ ; لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ وَقَعَ الْأَمْرُ طِبْقَ مَا أَخْبَرَ الرَّسُولُ، ﷺ، وَفِيهِ الْحُكْمُ بِإِسْلَامِ الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ ; أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَأَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ، لَا كَمَا يَزْعُمُهُ فِرْقَةُ الرَّافِضَةِ، أَهْلُ الْجَهْلِ وَالْجَوْرِ، مِنْ تَكْفِيرِهِمْ أَهْلَ الشَّامِ. وَفِيهِ أَنَّ أَصْحَابَ عَلِيٍّ أَدْنَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ إِلَى الْحَقِّ، وَهَذَا هُوَ مَذْهَبُ أَهْلِ السُّنَّةِ وَالْجَمَاعَةِ، أَنَّ عَلِيًّا هُوَ الْمُصِيبُ وَإِنْ كَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ مُجْتَهِدًا فِي قِتَالِهِ لَهُ وَقَدْ أَخْطَأَ، وَهُوَ مَأْجُورٌ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَلَكِنْ عَلِيًّا هُوَ الْإِمَامُ الْمُصِيبُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي " صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ "، مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ: إِذَا اجْتَهَدَ الْحَاكِمُ فَأَصَابَ فَلَهُ أَجْرَانِ، وَإِذَا اجْتَهَدَ فَأَخْطَأَ فَلَهُ أَجْرٌ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the emergence of the Kharijites The reason for the Kharijites' secession from ʿAlī ؓ This was because al-Ashʿath b. Qays passed by a group of Banū Tamīm and read the document to them. ʿUrwah b. Udayyah—that is his mother, and he is ʿUrwah b. Ḥudayr of Banū Rabīʿah b. Ḥanẓalah, and he is the brother of Abū Bilāl Mirdās b. Ḥudayr—rose to him and said: 'Do you appoint men to arbitrate in the religion of God?' Then he struck the hindquarters of al-Ashʿath's mount with his sword. Al-Ashʿath and his people became angry, and al-Aḥnaf b. Qays and a group of leaders of Banū Tamīm came to apologize to al-Ashʿath for that. Al-Haytham b. ʿAdī said: The Kharijites claim that the first to call for arbitration was ʿAbd Allāh b. Wahb al-Rāsibī, but the correct view is the former. Various groups of ʿAlī's followers among the Quran reciters adopted this phrase from that man and said: 'Judgment belongs only to God.' Thus they were called al-Muḥakkimah. The people dispersed to their lands from Ṣiffīn, and ʿAlī returned to al-Kūfah by the route of Hīt, while Muʿāwiyah returned to Syria with his companions. When ʿAlī entered al-Kūfah, he heard a man say: 'ʿAlī went and came back with nothing.' ʿAlī said: 'Those we parted from just now are better than these.' Then he began to recite: Your brother is one who, if a calamity of time distresses you, does not cease to be silent in grief for you, and your brother is not one who, when affairs branch out against you, keeps blaming you. Then he went on, invoking God until he entered the palace of governance in al-Kūfah. When he neared entering al-Kūfah, close to twelve thousand of his army seceded—they were the Kharijites—and refused to dwell with him in his city. They encamped at a place called Ḥarūrāʾ. They condemned him for things they claimed he had committed. ʿAlī ؓ sent ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās to them, and he debated with them. Most of them returned, while the rest remained, and ʿAlī and his companions fought them, as will be explained and detailed shortly, God Almighty willing. The point is that these Kharijites are those referred to in the agreed-upon hadith that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: 'A renegade group will emerge at a time of division among the people'—in one narration: 'among the Muslims'; in another narration: 'from my community'—'and the party closest to the truth will kill them.' And from Abū Saʿīd, that the Messenger of God ﷺ mentioned a people who would be in his community, emerging in a faction of the people, their mark being shaved heads; they are the worst of creation—or among the worst of creation—the party closest to the truth will kill them. Abū Saʿīd said: 'And you killed them, O people of Iraq.' This hadith is among the proofs of prophethood, because the matter occurred exactly as the Messenger ﷺ foretold. It also entails affirming the Islam of both parties: the people of Syria and the people of Iraq, not as the Rāfiḍah sect, the people of ignorance and injustice, claim in declaring the people of Syria disbelievers. It also shows that ʿAlī's companions were the party closest to the truth, and this is the doctrine of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʿah: that ʿAlī was the one in the right, even though Muʿāwiyah exercised judgment in fighting him and erred, and he is rewarded, God willing, but ʿAlī is the rightly guided Imam, God Almighty willing, so he has two rewards, as established in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī from the hadith of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: 'When a judge exercises judgment and is correct, he has two rewards, and when he exercises judgment and errs, he has one reward.'
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.