Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2053
The caliphate of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib
فَصْلٌ فِي ذِكْرِ زَوْجَاتِهِ وَبَنِيهِ وَبَنَاتِهِ ، ؓ أَجْمَعِينَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: لَمَّا وُلِدَ الْحَسَنُ جَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: " أَرُونِي ابْنِي، مَا سَمَّيْتُمُوهُ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: سَمَّيْتُهُ حَرْبًا. فَقَالَ: " بَلْ هُوَ حَسَنٌ ". فَلَمَّا وُلِدَ الْحُسَيْنُ قَالَ: " أَرُونِي ابْنِي، مَا سَمَّيْتُمُوهُ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: سَمَّيْتُهُ حَرْبًا. قَالَ: " بَلْ هُوَ حُسَيْنٌ ". فَلَمَّا وُلِدَ الثَّالِثُ جَاءَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: أَرُونِي ابْنِي، مَا سَمَّيْتُمُوهُ ؟ " فَقُلْتُ: حَرْبًا. فَقَالَ: " بَلْ هُوَ مُحَسِّنٌ ". ثُمَّ قَالَ: " إِنِّي سَمَّيْتُهُمْ بِاسْمِ وَلَدِ هَارُونَ ; شَبَّرُ وَشَبِيرٌ وَمُشَبِّرٌ ". وَقَدْ وَرَدَ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَحَادِيثِ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا سَمَّى الْحَسَنَ أَوَّلًا بِحَمْزَةَ وَحُسَيْنًا بِجَعْفَرٍ، فَغَيَّرَ اسْمَيْهِمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَأَوَّلُ زَوْجَةٍ تَزَوَّجَهَا عَلِيٌّ، ؓ، فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، بَنَى بِهَا بَعْدَ وَقْعَةِ بَدْرٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ الْحَسَنَ وَحُسَيْنًا، وَيُقَالُ: وَمُحَسِّنًا. وَمَاتَ وَهُوَ صَغِيرٌ، وَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ زَيْنَبَ الْكُبْرَى، وَأُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ الْكُبْرَى، وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَزَوَّجَ بِهَا عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ، وَلَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْ عَلِيٌّ عَلَى فَاطِمَةَ حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَتْ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَتْ تَزَوَّجَ بَعْدَهَا بِزَوْجَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ ; مِنْهُنَّ مَنْ تُوُفِّيَتْ فِي حَيَاتِهِ وَمِنْهُنَّ مَنْ طَلَّقَهَا وَتُوُفِّيَ عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ، كَمَا سَيَأْتِي. فَمِنْ زَوْجَاتِهِ أُمُّ الْبَنِينَ بِنْتُ حِزَامٍ وَهُوَ أَبُو الْمُحِلِّ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ الْوَحِيدِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ كِلَابٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ الْعَبَّاسَ وَجَعْفَرًا وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَعُثْمَانَ، وَقَدْ قُتِلَ هَؤُلَاءِ مَعَ أَخِيهِمُ الْحُسَيْنِ بِكَرْبَلَاءَ، وَلَا عَقِبَ لَهُمْ سِوَى الْعَبَّاسِ. وَمِنْهُنَّ لَيْلَى بِنْتُ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ خَالِدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، مِنْ بَنِي تَمِيمٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَبَا بَكْرٍ. قَالَ هِشَامُ بْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ وَقَدْ قُتِلَا بِكَرْبَلَاءَ أَيْضًا. وَزَعَمَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ قَتَلَهُ الْمُخْتَارُ بْنُ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ يَوْمَ الْمَذَارِ. وَمِنْهُنَّ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ الْخَثْعَمِيَّةُ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ يَحْيَى وَمُحَمَّدًا الْأَصْغَرَ. قَالَهُ ابْنُ الْكَلْبِيِّ. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَلَدَتْ لَهُ يَحْيَى وَعَوْنًا. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: فَأَمَّا مُحَمَّدٌ الْأَصْغَرُ فَمِنْ أُمِّ وَلَدٍ. وَمِنْهُنَّ أُمُّ حَبِيبٍ بِنْتُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ بُجَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَبْدِ بْنِ عَلْقَمَةَ، وَهِيَ أُمُّ وَلَدٍ مِنَ السَّبْيِ الَّذِينَ سَبَاهُمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ مِنْ بَنِي تَغْلِبَ حِينَ أَغَارَ عَلَى عَيْنِ التَّمْرِ فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ عُمَرَ - وَقَدْ عُمِّرَ خَمْسًا وَثَمَانِينَ سَنَةً - وَرُقَيَّةَ. وَمِنْهُنَّ أُمُّ سَعِيدٍ بِنْتُ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودِ بْنِ مُعَتِّبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ الثَّقَفِيِّ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ أُمَّ الْحَسَنِ وَرَمْلَةَ الْكُبْرَى. وَمِنْهُنَّ ابْنَةُ امْرِئِ الْقَيْسِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ أَوْسِ بْنِ جَابِرِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُلَيْمِ بْنِ كَلْبٍ الْكَلْبِيَّةُ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ جَارِيَةً، فَكَانَتْ تَخْرُجُ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ إِلَى الْمَسْجِدِ وَهِيَ صَغِيرَةٌ، فَيُقَالُ لَهَا: مَنْ أَخْوَالُكِ ؟ فَتَقُولُ: وَهْ وَهْ تَعْنِي بَنِي كَلْبٍ. وَمِنْهُنَّ أُمَامَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى بْنِ عَبْدِ شَمْسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ مَنَافِ بْنِ قُصَيٍّ، وَأُمُّهَا زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - وَهِيَ الَّتِي كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَحْمِلُهَا وَهُوَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ ; إِذَا قَامَ حَمَلَهَا، وَإِذَا سَجَدَ وَضَعَهَا - فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ مُحَمَّدًا الْأَوْسَطَ. وَأَمَّا ابْنُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ الْأَكْبَرُ فَهُوَ ابْنُ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ، وَهِيَ خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ قَيْسِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ يَرْبُوعِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ الدُّئِلِ بْنِ حَنِيفَةَ بْنِ لُجَيْمِ بْنِ صَعْبِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، سَبَاهَا خَالِدٌ أَيَّامَ الصِّدِّيقِ أَيَّامَ الرِّدَّةِ، مِنْ بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ، فَصَارَتْ لِعَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، فَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ مُحَمَّدًا هَذَا، وَمِنَ الشِّيعَةِ مَنْ يَدَّعِي فِيهِ الْإِمَامَةَ وَالْعِصْمَةَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنْ سَادَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَكِنْ لَيْسَ بِمَعْصُومٍ وَلَا أَبُوهُ مَعْصُومٌ، بَلْ وَلَا مَنْ هُوَ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ مِنَ الْخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِينَ قَبْلَهُ لَيْسُوا بِوَاجِبِي الْعِصْمَةِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. ذِكْرُ أَوْلَادِهِ كَانَ لِعَلَيٍّ مِنَ الْوَلَدِ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ ذَكَرًا، وَتِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ أُنْثَى :
Translation
✧ A section on mentioning his wives, sons, and daughters, ؓ. On the authority of ʿAlī, he said: When al-Ḥasan was born, the Messenger of God ﷺ came and said: "Show me my son; what have you named him?" I said: "I have named him Ḥarb." He said: "Rather, he is Ḥasan." When al-Ḥusayn was born, he said: "Show me my son; what have you named him?" I said: "I have named him Ḥarb." He said: "Rather, he is Ḥusayn." When the third was born, the Prophet ﷺ came and said: "Show me my son; what have you named him?" I said: "Ḥarb." He said: "Rather, he is Muḥassin." Then he said: "I have named them with the names of the sons of Aaron: Shabbar, Shabīr, and Mushabbir." It has been mentioned in some ḥadīths that ʿAlī first named al-Ḥasan Ḥamzah and al-Ḥusayn Jaʿfar, and the Messenger of God ﷺ changed their names. The first wife whom ʿAlī, ؓ, married was Fāṭimah, daughter of the Messenger of God ﷺ. He consummated the marriage with her after the Battle of Badr, and she bore him al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn, and it is said also Muḥassin, who died while still a small child. She also bore him Zaynab the elder and Umm Kulthūm the elder, who was the one whom ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb married, as has been mentioned earlier. ʿAlī did not take another wife alongside Fāṭimah until she died six months after the Messenger of God ﷺ. When she died, he married after her many wives; among them were those who died during his lifetime and those whom he divorced, and he died leaving four wives, as will come later. Among his wives was Umm al-Banīn bt. Ḥizām, who was Abū al-Muḥill b. Khālid b. Rabīʿah b. al-Waḥīd b. Kaʿb b. ʿĀmir b. Kilāb. She bore him al-ʿAbbās, Jaʿfar, ʿAbdallāh, and ʿUthmān. These were killed with their brother al-Ḥusayn at Karbalāʾ, and they had no descendants except al-ʿAbbās. Among them was Laylā bt. Masʿūd b. Khālid b. Mālik, of the Banū Tamīm. She bore him ʿUbaydallāh and Abū Bakr. Hishām b. al-Kalbī said that they too were killed at Karbalāʾ. Al-Wāqidī claimed that ʿUbaydallāh was killed by al-Mukhtār b. Abī ʿUbayd on the day of al-Madhār. Among them was Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays al-Khathʿamiyyah. She bore him Yaḥyā and Muḥammad the younger. Ibn al-Kalbī said this. Al-Wāqidī said: She bore him Yaḥyā and ʿAwn. Al-Wāqidī said: As for Muḥammad the younger, he was from an umm walad. Among them was Umm Ḥabīb bt. Rabīʿah b. Bujayr b. al-ʿAbd b. ʿAlqamah. She was an umm walad from among the captives whom Khālid b. al-Walīd captured from the Banū Taghlib when he raided ʿAyn al-Tamr. She bore him ʿUmar—who lived eighty-five years—and Ruqayyah. Among them was Umm Saʿīd bt. ʿUrwah b. Masʿūd b. Muʿattib b. Mālik al-Thaqafī. She bore him Umm al-Ḥasan and Ramlah the elder. Among them was the daughter of Imruʾ al-Qays b. ʿAdī b. Aws b. Jābir b. Kaʿb b. ʿUlaym b. Kalb, of the Kalb tribe. She bore him a girl, who used to go out with ʿAlī to the mosque while she was small. She would be asked: "Who are your maternal uncles?" and she would say: "Wah wah," meaning the Banū Kalb. Among them was Umāmah bt. Abī al-ʿĀṣ b. al-Rabīʿ b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. ʿAbd Shams b. ʿAbd Manāf b. Quṣayy, whose mother was Zaynab bt. the Messenger of God ﷺ. She was the one whom the Messenger of God ﷺ used to carry during prayer; when he stood he would carry her, and when he prostrated he would put her down. She bore him Muḥammad the middle. As for his son Muḥammad the elder, he was Ibn al-Ḥanafiyyah, whose mother was Khawlah bt. Jaʿfar b. Qays b. Maslamah b. ʿUbayd b. Thaʿlabah b. Yarbūʿ b. Thaʿlabah b. al-Duʾil b. Ḥanīfah b. Lujaym b. Ṣaʿb b. ʿAlī b. Bakr b. Wāʾil. Khālid captured her in the days of al-Ṣiddīq during the wars of apostasy, from the Banū Ḥanīfah, and she became the property of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. She bore him this Muḥammad. Among the Shīʿah there are those who claim for him the imamate and infallibility. He was indeed one of the leaders of the Muslims, but he was not infallible, nor was his father infallible; rather, not even those who were superior to his father among the rightly guided caliphs before him were required to be infallible. And God knows best. Mention of his children ʿAlī had fourteen sons and nineteen daughters:
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