Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2035

The Caliphate of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān

الْقِسْمُ الثَّانِي فِيمَا وَرَدَ مِنْ فَضَائِلِهِ وَحْدَهُ  : قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: بسنده عن عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَوْهَبٍ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ مِصْرَ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ، فَرَأَى قَوْمًا جُلُوسًا فَقَالَ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْقَوْمُ ؟ قَالُوا: هَؤُلَاءِ قُرَيْشٌ. قَالَ: فَمَنِ الشَّيْخُ فِيهِمْ ؟ قَالُوا: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ قَالَ: يَا ابْنَ عُمَرَ إِنِّي سَائِلُكَ عَنْ شَيْءٍ فَحَدِّثْنِي ; هَلْ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ فَرَّ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ: تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ تَغَيَّبَ عَنْ بَدْرٍ وَلَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ تَغَيَّبَ عَنْ بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ فَلَمْ يَشْهَدْهَا ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: تَعَالَ أُبَيِّنْ لَكَ ; أَمَّا فِرَارُهُ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ فَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَفَا عَنْهُ وَغَفَرَ لَهُ، وَأَمَّا تَغَيُّبُهُ عَنْ بَدْرٍ فَإِنَّهُ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَكَانَتْ مَرِيضَةً، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: إِنَّ لَكَ أَجْرَ رَجُلٍ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا وَسَهْمَهُ، وَأَمَّا تَغَيُّبُهُ عَنْ بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ فَلَوْ كَانَ أَحَدٌ أَعَزَّ بِبَطْنِ مَكَّةَ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ لَبَعَثَهُ مَكَانَهُ ; فَبَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، عُثْمَانَ - وَكَانَتْ بَيْعَةَ الرِّضْوَانِ بَعْدَ مَا ذَهَبَ عُثْمَانُ - إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ، ﷺ، بِيَدِهِ الْيُمْنَى: هَذِهِ يَدُ عُثْمَانَ. فَضَرَبَ بِهَا عَلَى يَدِهِ فَقَالَ: هَذِهِ لِعُثْمَانَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: اذْهَبْ بِهَا الْآنَ مَعَكَ. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ دُونَ مُسْلمٍ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: بسنده عن عُرْوَةُ أَنَّ عُبَيْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الْخِيَارِ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْمِسْوَرَ بْنَ مَخْرَمَةَ وَعَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الْأَسْوَدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ قَالَا: مَا يَمْنَعُكَ أَنْ تُكَلِّمَ عُثْمَانَ لِأَخِيهِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ ؟ فَقَصَدْتُ لِعُثْمَانَ حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ. قُلْتُ: إِنَّ لِي إِلَيْكَ حَاجَةٌ، وَهِيَ نَصِيحَةٌ لَكَ. قَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَرْءُ - قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: قَالَ مَعْمَرٌ: أَرَاهُ قَالَ - أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْكَ. فَانْصَرَفْتُ فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ إِذْ جَاءَ رَسُولُ عُثْمَانَ، ؓ، فَأَتَيْتُهُ فَقَالَ: مَا نَصِيحَتُكَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا، ﷺ، بِالْحَقِّ، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْكِتَابَ، وَكُنْتَ مِمَّنِ اسْتَجَابَ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ، فَهَاجَرْتَ الْهِجْرَتَيْنِ، وَصَحِبْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَرَأَيْتَ هَدْيَهُ، وَقَدْ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسُ فِي شَأْنِ الْوَلِيدِ. فَقَالَ: أَدْرَكْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ ؟ قُلْتُ: لَا، وَلَكِنْ خَلَصَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ عِلْمِهِ مَا يَخْلُصُ إِلَى الْعَذْرَاءِ فِي سِتْرِهَا. قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالْحَقِّ وَكُنْتُ مِمَّنِ اسْتَجَابَ لِلَّهِ وَلِرَسُولِهِ، وَآمَنْتُ بِمَا بَعَثَ بِهِ، وَهَاجَرْتُ الْهِجْرَتَيْنِ كَمَا قُلْتَ، وَصَحِبْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَبَايَعْتُهُ فَوَاللَّهِ مَا عَصَيْتُهُ وَلَا غَشَشْتُهُ حَتَّى تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، ثُمَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِثْلُهُ، ثُمَّ عُمَرُ مِثْلُهُ، ثُمَّ اسْتُخْلِفْتُ، أَفَلَيَسَ لِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ مِثْلُ الَّذِي لَهُمْ ؟ قُلْتُ: بَلَى. قَالَ: فَمَا هَذِهِ الْأَحَادِيثُ الَّتِي تَبْلُغُنِي عَنْكُمْ ؟ أَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ شَأْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَسَنَأْخُذُ فِيهِ بِالْحَقِّ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ. ثُمَّ دَعَا عَلِيًّا فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَجْلِدَهُ فَجَلَدَهُ ثَمَانِينَ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، ؓ، قَالَتْ: أَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْنَا إِقْبَالَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، عَلَى عُثْمَانَ أَقْبَلَتْ إِحْدَانَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَكَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ كَلَامٍ كَلَّمَهُ أَنْ ضَرَبَ مَنْكِبَهُ، وَقَالَ: " يَا عُثْمَانُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَسَى أَنْ يُلْبِسَكَ قَمِيصًا فَإِنْ أَرَادَكَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ عَلَى خَلْعِهِ فَلَا تَخْلَعْهُ حَتَّى تَلْقَانِي " ثَلَاثًا. فَقُلْتُ لَهَا: يَا أُمَّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ فَأَيْنَ كَانَ هَذَا عَنْكِ ؟ قَالَتْ: نُسِّيتُهُ وَاللَّهِ فَمَا ذَكَرْتُهُ. قَالَ: فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فَلَمْ يَرْضَ بِالَّذِي أَخْبَرْتُهُ حَتَّى كَتَبَ إِلَى أُمِّ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنِ اكْتُبِي إِلَيَّ بِهِ فَكَتَبَتْ إِلَيْهِ بِهِ كِتَابًا حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عن فَاطِمَةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ قَالَتْ: حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمِّي أَنَّهَا سَأَلَتْ عَائِشَةَ، وَأَرْسَلَهَا عَمُّهَا فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَحَدَ بَنِيكِ يُقْرِئُكِ السَّلَامَ وَيَسْأَلُكِ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ شَتَمُوهُ ! فَقَالَتْ: لَعَنَ اللَّهُ مَنْ لَعَنَهُ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ قَاعِدًا عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، لَمُسْنِدٌ ظَهْرَهُ إِلَيَّ، وَإِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ لَيُوحِي إِلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنَ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيَقُولُ لَهُ: اكْتُبْ يَا عُثَيْمُ قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيُنْزِلَ تِلْكَ الْمَنْزِلَةَ إِلَّا كِرِيمًا عَلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، ذَكَرَ فِتْنَةً، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، ؓ: أَنَا أُدْرِكُهَا ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُدْرِكُهَا ؟ قَالَ: " لَا ". فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَنَا أُدْرِكُهَا ؟ قَالَ: " بِكَ يُبْتَلَوْنَ " حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: ذَكَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فِتْنَةً فَمَرَّ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: " يُقْتَلُ فِيهَا هَذَا الْمُقَنَّعُ يَوْمَئِذٍ مَظْلُومًا ". فَنَظَرْتُ فَإِذَا هُوَ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ، ؓ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عن مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو أُمِّي أَبُو حَبِيْبَةَ، أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ الدَّارَ وَعُثْمَانُ مَحْصُورٌ فِيهَا، وَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عُثْمَانَ فِي الْكَلَامِ فَأَذِنَ لَهُ، فَقَامَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ، وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ( إِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: " إِنَّكُمْ تَلْقَوْنَ بَعْدِي فِتْنَةً وَاخْتِلَافًا " - أَوْ قَالَ: " اخْتِلَافًا وَفِتْنَةً " - فَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ: فَمَنْ لَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ؟ قَالَ: " عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْأَمِينِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ " وَهُوَ يُشِيرُ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ بِذَلِكَ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ شُعْبَةَ أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ عَلَى عُثْمَانَ وَهُوَ مَحْصُورٌ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّكَ إِمَامُ الْعَامَّةِ، وَقَدْ نَزَلَ بِكَ مَا تَرَى، وَإِنِّي أَعْرِضُ عَلَيْكَ خِصَالًا ثَلَاثًا اخْتَرْ إِحْدَاهُنَّ ; إِمَّا أَنْ تَخْرُجَ فَتَقَاتِلَهُمْ، فَإِنَّ مَعَكَ عَدَدًا وَقُوَّةً وَأَنْتَ عَلَى الْحَقِّ وَهُمْ عَلَى الْبَاطِلِ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَخْرِقَ بَابًا سِوَى الْبَابِ الَّذِي هُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَتَقْعُدَ عَلَى رَوَاحِلِكَ فَتَلْحَقَ بِمَكَّةَ، فَإِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يَسْتَحِلُّوكَ وَأَنْتَ بِهَا، وَإِمَّا أَنْ تَلْحَقَ بِالشَّامِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ وَفِيهِمْ مُعَاوِيَةُ. فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: أَمَّا أَنْ أَخْرَجَ فَأُقَاتِلُ، فَلَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ خَلَفَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فِي أُمَّتِهِ بِسَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ، وَأَمَّا أَنْ أَخْرُجَ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فَإِنَّهُمْ لَنْ يَسْتَحِلُّونِي بِهَا، فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، يَقُولُ: يُلْحِدُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ بِمَكَّةَ يَكُونُ عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ عَذَابِ الْعَالَمِ. فَلَنْ أَكُونَ أَنَا، وَأَمَّا أَنْ أَلْحَقَ بِالشَّامِ، فَإِنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ وَفِيهِمْ مُعَاوِيَةُ فَلَنْ أُفَارِقَ دَارَ هِجْرَتِي وَمُجَاوَرَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عن أَبُي عَوْنٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ أَنَّ عُثْمَانَ قَالَ لِابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ: " هَلْ أَنْتَ مُنْتَهٍ عَمَّا بَلَغَنِي عَنْكَ ؟ فَاعْتَذَرَ بَعْضَ الْعُذْرِ، فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: وَيْحَكَ ! إِنِّي قَدْ سَمِعْتُ وَحَفِظْتُ - وَلَيْسَ كَمَا سَمِعْتَ - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ: سَيُقْتَلُ أَمِيرٌ وَيَنْتَزِي مُنْتَزٍ. وَإِنِّي أَنَا الْمَقْتُولُ، وَلَيْسَ عُمَرَ، إِنَّمَا قَتَلَ عُمَرَ وَاحِدٌ، وَإِنَّهُ يُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيَّ. وَهَذَا الَّذِي قَالَهُ لِابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَبْلَ مَقْتَلِهِ بِنَحْوٍ مَنْ أَرْبَعِ سِنِينَ، فَإِنَّهُ مَاتَ قَبْلَهُ بِنَحْوِ ذَلِكَ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ: بسنده عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: شَهِدْتُ عُثْمَانَ يَوْمَ حُصِرَ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْجَنَائِزِ وَلَوْ أُلْقِيَ حَجَرٌ لَمْ يَقَعْ إِلَّا عَلَى رَأْسِ رَجُلٍ، فَرَأَيْتُ عُثْمَانَ أَشْرَفَ مِنَ الْخَوْخَةِ الَّتِي تَلِي بَابَ مَقَامِ جِبْرِيلَ، فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَفِيكُمْ طَلْحَةُ ؟ فَسَكَتُوا ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، أَفِيكُمْ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ ؟ فَسَكَتُوا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَفِيكُمْ طَلْحَةُ ؟ فَقَامَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُثْمَانُ: أَلَا أَرَاكَ هَاهُنَا ؟ مَا كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّكَ تَكُونُ فِي جَمَاعَةِ قَوْمٍ تَسْمَعُ نِدَائِي آخَرَ ثَلَاثِ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ لَا تُجِيبُنِي ؟ أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ يَا طَلْحَةُ، تَذْكُرُ يَوْمَ كُنْتُ أَنَا وَأَنْتَ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَكَذَا لَيْسَ مَعَهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ غَيْرِي وَغَيْرُكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: إِنَّهُ مَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا وَمَعَهُ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ رَفِيقٌ مِنْ أُمَّتِهِ مَعَهُ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ هَذَا - يَعْنِينِي - رَفِيقِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ " ؟ فَقَالَ طَلْحَةُ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: لِكُلِّ نَبِيٍّ رَفِيقٌ، وَرَفِيقِي فِي الْجَنَّةِ عُثْمَانُ. وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: أُتِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، بِجِنَازَةِ رَجُلٍ لِيُصَلِّيَ عَلَيْهِ فَلَمْ يُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ، فَقِيلَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْنَاكَ تَرَكْتَ الصَّلَاةَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ قَبْلَ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَ: " إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُبْغِضُ عُثْمَانَ فَأَبْغَضَهُ اللَّهُ، عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ". وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، لَقِيَ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ عَفَّانَ عَلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ فَقَالَ: يَا عُثْمَانُ هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ يُخْبِرُنِي أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ زَوَّجَكَ أُمَّ كُلْثُومٍ بِمِثْلِ صَدَاقِ رُقَيَّةَ عَلَى مِثْلِ مُصَاحَبَتِهَا. وَرُوِيَ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، قَالَ: لَوْ كَانَ لِي أَرْبَعُونَ ابْنَةً لَزَوَّجْتُهُنَّ بِعُثْمَانَ وَاحِدَةً بَعْدَ وَاحِدَةٍ، حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى مِنْهُنَّ وَاحِدَةٌ. وعَنِ الْمُهَلَّبِ بْنِ أَبِي صُفْرَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَصْحَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، لِمَ قُلْتُمْ فِي عُثْمَانَ: أَعْلَاهَا فُوقًا ؟ قَالُوا: لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِينَ وَالْآخَرِينَ ابْنَتَيْ نَبِيٍّ غَيْرُهُ. وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، رَافِعًا يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى يَبْدُوَ ضَبْعَيْهِ إِلَّا لِعُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، إِذَا دَعَا لَهُ. وَعَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، بَعَثَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ يَسْتَعِينُهُ فِي غَزَاةٍ غَزَاهَا، فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْهِ عُثْمَانُ بِعَشَرَةِ آلَافِ دِينَارٍ، فَوَضَعَهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَجَعَلَ يُقَلِّبُهَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَيَدْعُو لَهُ: " غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ يَا عُثْمَانُ مَا أَسْرَرْتَ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتَ وَمَا أَخْفَيْتَ، وَمَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ، مَا يُبَالِي عُثْمَانُ مَا فَعَلَ بَعْدَ هَذَا ". حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: وَقَالَ لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ خَبَصَ الْخَبِيصَ عُثْمَانُ ; خَلَطَ بَيْنَ الْعَسَلِ وَالنَّقِيِّ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، ﷺ، إِلَى مَنْزِلِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ فَلَمْ يُصَادِفْهُ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ وَضَعُوهُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: مَنْ بَعَثَ بِهَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: عُثْمَانُ. قَالَتْ: فَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَقَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ عُثْمَانَ يَتَرَضَّاكَ فَارْضَ عَنْهُ ". حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ جَابِرٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، اعْتَنَقَ عُثْمَانَ، وَقَالَ: أَنْتَ وَلِيِّي فِي الدُّنْيَا وَوَلِيِّي فِي الْآخِرَةِ. حَدِيثٌ آخَرُ: عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حَوَالَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: تَهْجُمُونَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مُعْتَجِرٍ بِبُرْدَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ، يُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ. قَالَ: فَهَجَمْنَا عَلَى عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ مُعْتَجِرًا يُبَايِعُ النَّاسَ. ما روي عنه من رسول الله ﷺ وما روى عنه من الصحابة والتابعين رُوِيَ لَهُ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِائَةُ حَدِيثٍ وَسِتَّةٌ وَأَرْبَعُونَ حَدِيثًا. رَوَى عَنْهُ: زَيْدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْجُهَنِيُّ، وَابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ، وَالسَّائِبُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، وَأَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَزَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، وَسَلَمَةُ بْنُ الْأَكْوَعِ، وَأَبُو أُمَامَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ عُمَرَ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُغَفَّلٍ، وَأَبُو قَتَادَةَ، وَأَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ، وَآخَرُونَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ، ؓ، وَخَلَائِقُ مِنَ التَّابِعِينَ. أَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ قَالَ: (مَا رَأَيْتُ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ - كَانَ إِذَا حَدَّثَ - أَتَمَّ حَدِيثًا وَلَا أَحْسَنَ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَفَّانَ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُ كَانَ رَجُلًا يَهَابُ الْحَدِيثَ). وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: (كَانَ أَعْلَمَهُمْ بِالْمَنَاسِكِ: عُثْمَانُ، وَبَعْدَهُ ابْنُ عُمَرَ).

Translation

✧ The second part, on what has been reported of his merits alone: Al-Bukhārī said: with his chain on the authority of ʿUthmān b. Mawhab, who said: A man from the people of Egypt came to perform the Hajj to the House. He saw a group of people sitting and said: Who are these people? They said: These are Quraysh. He said: Who is the elder among them? They said: ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar. He said: O Ibn ʿUmar, I am going to ask you about something, so tell me: Do you know that ʿUthmān fled on the day of Uḥud? He said: Yes. He said: Do you know that he was absent from Badr and did not witness it? He said: Yes. He said: Do you know that he was absent from the Pledge of al-Riḍwān and did not witness it? He said: Yes. He said: Allāhu akbar. Ibn ʿUmar said: Come, let me explain to you. As for his flight on the day of Uḥud, I bear witness that Allah pardoned him and forgave him. As for his absence from Badr, it was because the daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was under his care, and she was ill. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: You have the reward of a man who witnessed Badr and his share. As for his absence from the Pledge of al-Riḍwān, had there been anyone more esteemed in the heart of Makkah than ʿUthmān, he would have been sent in his place. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿUthmān—and the Pledge of al-Riḍwān took place after ʿUthmān had gone—to Makkah. The Prophet ﷺ said, with his right hand: This is the hand of ʿUthmān. Then he struck it against his own hand and said: This is for ʿUthmān. Ibn ʿUmar said to him: Go now with that. He alone transmitted it, not Muslim. Another ḥadīth: Al-Bukhārī said: with his chain on the authority of ʿUrwah that ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAdī b. al-Khiyār informed him that al-Miswar b. Makhramah and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Aswad b. ʿAbd Yaghūth said: What prevents you from speaking to ʿUthmān about his brother al-Walīd? People have said much about him. So I went to ʿUthmān when he came out for the prayer. I said: I have a need to bring to you, and it is sincere advice for you. He said: O man—Abū ʿAbd Allāh said: Maʿmar said: I think he said—I seek refuge in Allah from you. So I turned away and went back to them, when the messenger of ʿUthmān ؓ came. I went to him, and he said: What is your advice? I said: Allah sent Muḥammad ﷺ with the truth and revealed to him the Book, and you were among those who answered Allah and His Messenger. You made the two emigrations, accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and witnessed his guidance. People have said much about the matter of al-Walīd. He said: Did you meet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ? I said: No, but some of his knowledge reached me as it reaches a virgin in her seclusion. He said: To proceed: Allah sent Muḥammad with the truth, and I was among those who answered Allah and His Messenger, believed in what he was sent with, made the two emigrations as you said, accompanied the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and pledged allegiance to him. By Allah, I did not disobey him or deceive him until Allah, Mighty and Majestic, took him. Then Abū Bakr was likewise, then ʿUmar was likewise, then I was made successor. Do I not have the same right as they had? I said: Yes. He said: Then what are these reports that reach me from you? As for what you mentioned about al-Walīd, we will deal with him according to the truth, if Allah wills. Then he summoned ʿAlī and ordered him to flog him, and he flogged him eighty lashes. Another ḥadīth: On the authority of ʿĀʾishah ؓ, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent for ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turned toward him. When we saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ turn toward ʿUthmān, one of us turned to another. The last words he spoke to him were when he struck his shoulder and said: "O ʿUthmān, Allah may clothe you with a shirt; if the hypocrites want you to take it off, do not take it off until you meet me," three times. I said to her: O Mother of the Believers, where was this from you? She said: I forgot it, by Allah, and did not remember it. He said: I informed Muʿāwiyah b. Abī Sufyān of it, but he was not satisfied with what I told him until he wrote to the Mother of the Believers asking her to write it to him, and she wrote it to him in a letter. Another ḥadīth: Imām Aḥmad said: with his chain on the authority of Fāṭimah bt. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, who said: My mother told me that she asked ʿĀʾishah, and her uncle sent her, saying: One of your sons sends you greetings and asks you about ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, for people have reviled him. She said: May Allah curse whoever curses him. By Allah, he was sitting with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ leaned his back toward me, and Jibrīl was revealing the Qurʾān to him, and he was saying to him: Write, O ʿUthaym. ʿĀʾishah said: Allah would not have placed him in that position except that he was honored before Allah and His Messenger. Another ḥadīth: On the authority of Jābir that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned a fitnah. Abū Bakr ؓ said: Shall I live to see it? He said: "No." ʿUmar said: Shall I, O Messenger of Allah, live to see it? He said: "No." ʿUthmān said: O Messenger of Allah, shall I live to see it? He said: "Through you they will be tested." Another ḥadīth: On the authority of Ibn ʿUmar, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned a fitnah, and a man passed by. He said: "This veiled one will be killed in it, wronged on that day." I looked, and it was ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān ؓ. Another ḥadīth: Imām Aḥmad said: with his chain on the authority of Mūsā b. ʿUqbah, who said: Abū Ummī, Abū Ḥabībah, told me that he entered the house while ʿUthmān was besieged in it, and that he heard Abū Hurayrah ask ʿUthmān for permission to speak, and he permitted him. He stood, praised Allah and lauded Him, then said: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "You will meet after me fitnah and disagreement"—or he said: "disagreement and fitnah"—so a man among the people said to him: Who is for us, O Messenger of Allah? He said: "Cling to the trustworthy one and his companions," and he pointed to ʿUthmān with that. Another ḥadīth: On the authority of al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah that he entered upon ʿUthmān while he was besieged and said: You are the leader of the community, and what you see has befallen you. I offer you three options; choose one of them: either you go out and fight them, for you have numbers and strength, and you are upon the truth and they are upon falsehood; or you open a door other than the one they are at, mount your camels, and go to Makkah, for they will not consider you lawful while you are there; or you go to Syria, for they are the people of Syria, and among them is Muʿāwiyah. ʿUthmān said: As for going out and fighting, I will not be the first to succeed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his community by shedding blood. As for going to Makkah, they will not consider me lawful there, but I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: A man of Quraysh will commit an act of sacrilege in Makkah, upon whom will be half the punishment of the world. I will not be that one. As for going to Syria, they are the people of Syria, and among them is Muʿāwiyah, but I will not leave the abode of my emigration and the neighborhood of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Imām Aḥmad said: with his chain on the authority of Abū ʿAwn al-Anṣārī that ʿUthmān said to Ibn Masʿūd: "Will you not desist from what has reached me about you?" He offered some excuse, so ʿUthmān said: Woe to you! I have heard and memorized—and it is not as you heard—that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: An amīr will be killed, and an assailant will assault. I am the one to be killed, not ʿUmar. Only one man killed ʿUmar, but they will gather against me. He said this to Ibn Masʿūd about four years before his killing, and Ibn Masʿūd died about that long before him. Another ḥadīth: ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad said: with his chain on the authority of Zayd b. Aslam, from his father, who said: I witnessed ʿUthmān on the day he was besieged in the place of the funerals. If a stone had been thrown, it would have fallen only on a man's head. I saw ʿUthmān look out from the small door next to the gate of the Station of Jibrīl and say: O people, is Ṭalḥah among you? They were silent. Then he said: O people, is Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh among you? They were silent. Then he said: O people, is Ṭalḥah among you? Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh stood up, and ʿUthmān said to him: Do I not see you here? I did not think you would be in a gathering of people who hear my call three times, then not answer me. I adjure you by Allah, O Ṭalḥah: Do you remember the day when you and I were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in such and such a place, with no one of his companions with him except me and you? He said: Yes. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to you: There is no prophet but that he has among his companions a close companion from his community, who will be with him in Paradise, and this ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān—meaning me—is my close companion in Paradise? Ṭalḥah said: By Allah, yes. He alone transmitted it. Another ḥadīth: On the authority of Ṭalḥah b. ʿUbayd Allāh, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Every prophet has a close companion, and my close companion in Paradise is ʿUthmān. On the authority of Jābir, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was brought the funeral bier of a man to pray over, but he did not pray over him. It was said: O Messenger of Allah, we have not seen you refrain from praying over anyone before this. He said: "He used to hate ʿUthmān, so Allah, Mighty and Majestic, hated him." On the authority of Abū Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ met ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān at the gate of the mosque and said: O ʿUthmān, this is Jibrīl telling me that Allah has married you to Umm Kulthūm with a dower like that of Ruqayyah and a companionship like hers. It is reported with a weak chain, on the authority of ʿAlī, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: If I had forty daughters, I would marry them to ʿUthmān one after another until none of them remained. On the authority of al-Muhallab b. Abī Ṣufrah, who said: I asked the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ why you said of ʿUthmān: "The highest of them in nobility." They said: Because no man among the first and the last married two daughters of a prophet other than him. On the authority of ʿĀʾishah, who said: I did not see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ raise his hands until his armpits showed except for ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, when he supplicated for him. On the authority of Ḥudhayfah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent to ʿUthmān seeking his help in an expedition he undertook. ʿUthmān sent him ten thousand dinars and placed them before him. He began turning them over in his hands and supplicating for him: "May Allah forgive you, O ʿUthmān, what you have concealed and what you have made public, what you have hidden, and what will be until the Day of Resurrection. ʿUthmān does not care what he does after this." Another ḥadīth: Layth b. Abī Sulaym said: The first to prepare khabīṣ was ʿUthmān; he mixed honey and fine flour, then sent it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the house of Umm Salamah. He did not find him at home, so when he came, they placed it before him. He said: Who sent this? They said: ʿUthmān. She said: He raised his hands to the sky and said: "O Allah, ʿUthmān seeks Your pleasure, so be pleased with him." Another ḥadīth: On the authority of Jābir that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ embraced ʿUthmān and said: You are my friend in this world and my friend in the Hereafter. Another ḥadīth: On the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥawālah, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: You will come upon a man wrapped in a cloak from the people of Paradise, giving allegiance to the people. He said: We came upon ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān wrapped in a cloak, giving allegiance to the people. What is narrated from him on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and what is narrated from him by the companions and the successors One hundred and forty-six ḥadīths are narrated from him on the authority of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. Narrated from him: Zayd b. Khālid al-Juhanī, Ibn al-Zubayr, al-Sāʾib b. Yazīd, Anas b. Mālik, Zayd b. Thābit, Salamah b. al-Akwaʿ, Abū Umāmah al-Bāhilī, Ibn ʿAbbās, Ibn ʿUmar, ʿAbd Allāh b. Mughaffal, Abū Qatādah, Abū Hurayrah, and others among the companions ؓ, and numerous successors. Ibn Saʿd reported on the authority of ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Ḥāṭib, who said: I have not seen anyone among the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who, when he narrated, had a more complete or better narration than ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, except that he was a man who was cautious about ḥadīth. It is also reported on the authority of Muḥammad b. Sīrīn, who said: The most knowledgeable of them in the rites of Hajj was ʿUthmān, and after him Ibn ʿUmar.

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