Tarikh (al-Tabari) 2
Creation of the heavens and the earth
مَا وَرَدَ فِي خَلْقِ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ وَجَعَلَ الظُّلُمَاتِ وَالنُّورَ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِرَبِّهِمْ يَعْدِلُونَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 1 ]. وَقَالَ تَعَالَى: إِنَّ رَبَّكُمُ اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ [ الْأَعْرَافِ: 54 ]. فِي غَيْرِ مَا آيَةٍ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ. وَقَدِ اخْتَلَفَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ فِي مِقْدَارِ هَذِهِ السِّتَّةِ الْأَيَّامِ عَلَى قَوْلَيْنِ: فَالْجُمْهُورُ عَلَى أَنَّهَا كَأَيَّامِنَا هَذِهِ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَمُجَاهِدٍ، وَالضَّحَّاكِ، وَكَعْبِ الْأَحْبَارِ: أَنَّ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْهَا كَأَلْفِ سَنَةٍ مِمَّا تَعُدُّونَ. رَوَاهُنَّ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، وَاخْتَارَ هَذَا الْقَوْلَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ فِي كِتَابِهِ الَّذِي رَدَّ فِيهِ عَلَى الْجَهْمِيَّةِ، وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْمُتَأَخِّرِينَ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ بْنِ مُزَاحِمٍ، وَغَيْرِهِ أَنَّ أَسْمَاءَ الْأَيَّامِ السِّتَّةِ: أَبْجَدْ هَوَّزْ حُطِّي كَلَمُنْ سَعْفَصْ قَرَشَتْ، وَاخْتَلَفُوا أَيْضًا فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي ابْتَدَأَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِ خَلْقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَحَكَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي أَوَّلِ الْأَيَّامِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَقْوَالٍ: فَرَوَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: يَقُولُ أَهْلُ التَّوْرَاةِ ابْتَدَأَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ يَوْمَ الْأَحَدِ. وَيَقُولُ أَهْلُ الْإِنْجِيلِ: ابْتَدَأَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ يَوْمَ الِاثْنَيْنِ. وَنَقُولُ نَحْنُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِيمَا انْتَهَى إِلَيْنَا عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ابْتَدَأَ اللَّهُ الْخَلْقَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ. وَهَذَا الْقَوْلُ الَّذِي حَكَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مَالَ إِلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ مِنَ الشَّافِعِيَّةِ وَغَيْرِهِمْ. وَسَيَأْتِي فِيهِ حَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ التُّرْبَةَ يَوْمَ السَّبْتِ. وَالْقَوْلُ بِأَنَّهُ الْأَحَدُ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنِ السُّدِّيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ، وَأَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَعَنْ مُرَّةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَنْ جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَرَوَاهُ أَيْضًا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَامٍ، وَاخْتَارَهُ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ. وَهُوَ نَصُّ التَّوْرَاةِ، وَمَالَ إِلَيْهِ طَائِفَةٌ آخَرُونَ مِنَ الْفُقَهَاءِ، وَهُوَ أَشْبَهُ بِلَفْظِ الْأَحَدِ، وَلِهَذَا كَمُلَ الْخَلْقُ فِي سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍ فَكَانَ آخِرُهُنَّ الْجُمُعَةَ ; فَاتَّخَذَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عِيدَهُمْ فِي الْأُسْبُوعِ، وَهُوَ الْيَوْمُ الَّذِي أَضَلَّ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ أَهْلَ الْكِتَابِ قَبْلَنَا.
Translation
✧ What has been reported concerning the creation of the heavens and the earth and what is between them Allah, Exalted is He, said: Praise be to Allah, who created the heavens and the earth and made the darknesses and the light; then those who disbelieve equate others with their Lord [al-Anʿām: 1]. And He, Exalted is He, said: Indeed your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the earth in six days [al-Aʿrāf: 54]. In more than one verse of the Qurʾān. The exegetes have differed concerning the measure of these six days in two opinions: the majority hold that they are like these days of ours. From Ibn ʿAbbās, Mujāhid, al-Ḍaḥḥāk, and Kaʿb al-Aḥbār: each day of them is like a thousand years of what you count. Ibn Jarīr and Ibn Abī Ḥātim related them, and Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal preferred this opinion in his book in which he refuted the Jahmiyyah, and Ibn Jarīr and a group of later scholars preferred it, and Allah knows best. Ibn Jarīr related from al-Ḍaḥḥāk b. Muzāḥim and others that the names of the six days are: Abjad, Hawwaz, Ḥuṭṭī, Kalamun, Saʿfaṣ, Qarashat. They also differed concerning the day on which Allah, Exalted is He, began the creation of the heavens and the earth. Ibn Jarīr reported three opinions concerning the first of the days: he related from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq that he said: the people of the Torah say Allah began creation on Sunday. The people of the Gospel say: Allah began creation on Monday. And we Muslims say, according to what has reached us from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Allah began creation on Saturday. This opinion, which Ibn Isḥāq reported from the Muslims, was inclined to by a group of jurists from the Shāfiʿīs and others. The ḥadīth of Abū Hurayrah will come later: Allah created the earth on Saturday. The opinion that it was Sunday was related by Ibn Jarīr from al-Suddī, from Abū Mālik and Abū Ṣāliḥ, from Ibn ʿAbbās, and from Murrah, from Ibn Masʿūd, and from a group of the Companions. He also related it from ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām, and Ibn Jarīr preferred it. It is the text of the Torah, and another group of jurists inclined to it, and it is closer to the wording of Sunday, and for this reason the creation was completed in six days, the last of them being Friday; so the Muslims took it as their weekly festival, and it is the day from which Allah caused the People of the Book before us to stray.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.