Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1980
The Caliphate of ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān
ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ خَمْسٍ وَعِشْرِينَ ذكر خِلَافِ أَهْلِ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ خَالَفَ أَهْلُ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ وَنَقَضُوا صُلْحَهُمْ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الرُّومَ عَظُمَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَتْحُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةَ، وَظَنُّوا أَنَّهُمْ لَا يُمْكِنُهُمُ الْمُقَامُ بِبِلَادِهِمْ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ عَنْ مُلْكِهِمْ، فَكَاتَبُوا مَنْ كَانَ فِيهَا مِنَ الرُّومِ وَدَعَوْهُمْ إِلَى نَقْضِ الصُّلْحِ، فَأَجَابُوهُمْ إِلَى ذَلِكَ. فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْقُسْطَنْطِينِيَّةِ جَيْشٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَعَلَيْهِمْ مَنَوِيلُ الْخَصِيُّ، فَأَرْسَوْا بِهَا، وَاتَّفَقَ مَعَهُمْ مَنْ بِهَا مِنَ الرُّومِ، وَلَمْ يُوَافِقْهُمُ الْمُقَوْقِسُ بَلْ ثَبَتَ عَلَى صُلْحِهِ. فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ الْخَبَرُ إِلَى عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ سَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَسَارَ الرُّومُ إِلَيْهِ، فَالْتَقَوْا وَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَ الرُّومُ وَتَبِعَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى أَنْ أَدْخَلُوهُمُ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةَ، وَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ فِي الْبَلَدِ مَقْتَلَةً عَظِيمَةً، مِنْهُمْ مَنَوِيلُ الْخَصِيُّ. وَكَانَ الرُّومُ لَمَّا خَرَجُوا مِنَ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ قَدْ أَخَذُوا أَمْوَالَ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ الْقُرَى مَنْ وَافَقَهُمْ وَمَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ. فَلَمَّا ظَفِرَ بِهِمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ جَاءَ أَهْلُ الْقُرَى الَّذِينَ خَالَفُوهُمْ فَقَالُوا لِعَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ: إِنَّ الرُّومَ أَخَذُوا دَوَابَّنَا وَأَمْوَالَنَا، وَلَمْ نُخَالِفْ نَحْنُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَكُنَّا عَلَى الطَّاعَةِ. فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا عَرَفُوا مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ بَعْدَ إِقَامَةِ الْبَيِّنَةِ. وَهَدَمَ عَمْرٌو سُورَ الْإِسْكَنْدَرِيَّةِ وَتَرَكَهَا بِغَيْرِ سُورٍ. صلح سعد بن أبي وقاص عن أهل الري وَفِيهَا بَلَغَ سَعْدَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَنْ أَهْلِ الرَّيِّ عَزْمٌ عَلَى نَقْضِ الْهُدْنَةِ وَالْغَدْرِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَأَصْلَحَهُمْ وَغَزَا الدَّيْلَمَ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ. فتح البيلقان وبرذعة وَسَارَ سَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ إِلَى أَرَّانَ، فَفَتَحَ الْبَيْلَقَانَ صُلْحًا عَلَى أَنْ آمَنَهُمْ عَلَى دِمَائِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَحِيطَانِ مَدِينَتِهِمْ، وَاشْتَرَطَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْجِزْيَةَ وَالْخَرَاجَ. ثُمَّ أَتَى سَلْمَانُ مَدِينَةَ بَرْذَعَةَ فَعَسْكَرَ عَلَى الثُّرْثَوْرِ، نَهْرٌ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهَا نَحْوُ فَرْسَخٍ، فَقَاتَلَهُ أَهْلُهَا أَيَّامًا، وَشَنَّ الْغَارَاتِ فِي قُرَاهَا، فَصَالَحُوهُ عَلَى مِثْلِ صُلْحِ الْبَيْلَقَانِ وَدَخَلَهَا، وَوَجَّهَ خَيْلَهُ فَفَتَحَتْ رَسَاتِيقَ الْوِلَايَةِ، وَدَعَا أَكْرَادَ الْبَلَاشِجَانِ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَقَاتَلُوهُ فَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ، فَأَقَرَّ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى الْجِزْيَةِ وَأَدَّى بَعْضُهُمُ الصَّدَقَةَ، وَهُمْ قَلِيلٌ، وَوَجَّهَ سَرِيَّةً إِلَى شَمْكُورَ فَفَتَحُوهَا، وَهِيَ مَدِينَةٌ قَدِيمَةٌ، وَلَمْ تَزَلْ مَعْمُورَةً حَتَّى أَخْرَبَهَا السَّنَاوِرْدِيَّةُ، وَهُمْ قَوْمٌ تَجَمَّعُوا لَمَّا انْصَرَفَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ أُسَيْدٍ عَنْ أَرْمِينِيَّةَ فَعَظُمَ أَمْرُهُمْ، فَعَمَّرَهَا بُغَا سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِينَ وَمِائَتَيْنِ، وَسَمَّاهَا الْمُتَوَكِّلِيَّةَ نِسْبَةً إِلَى الْمُتَوَكِّلِ. فتح مجمع أرس والكر وَسَارَ سَلْمَانُ إِلَى مَجْمَعِ أَرَسَ وَالْكُرِّ فَفَتَحَ قَبَلَةَ، وَصَالَحَهُ صَاحِبُ سُكَرَ وَغَيْرِهَا عَلَى الْإِتَاوَةِ، وَصَالَحَهُ مَلِكُ شَرْوَانَ وَسَائِرُ مُلُوكِ الْجِبَالِ وَأَهْلُ مَسْقَطٍ وَالشَّابَرَانِ وَمَدِينَةُ الْبَابِ ثُمَّ امْتَنَعَتْ بَعْدَهُ. ذكر غَزْوَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ الرُّومَ وَفِيهَا غَزَا مُعَاوِيَةُ الرُّومَ فَبَلَغَ عَمُّورِيَّةَ، فَوَجَدَ الْحُصُونَ الَّتِي بَيْنَ أَنْطَاكِيَةَ وَطَرَسُوسَ خَالِيَةً، فَجَعَلَ عِنْدَهَا جَمَاعَةً كَثِيرَةً مِنْ أَهْلِ الشَّامِ وَالْجَزِيرَةِ حَتَّى انْصَرَفَ مِنْ غَزَاتِهِ، ثُمَّ أَغْزَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ يَزِيدَ بْنَ الْحُرِّ الْعَبْسِيَّ الصَّائِفَةَ وَأَمَرَهُ فَفَعَلَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ، وَلَمَّا خَرَجَ هَدَمَ الْحُصُونَ إِلَى أَنْطَاكِيَةَ. ذكر غَزْوَةِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ سَيَّرَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْعَاصِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَرْحٍ إِلَى أَطْرَافِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ غَازِيًا بِأَمْرِ عُثْمَانَ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مِنْ جُنْدِ مِصْرَ، فَلَمَّا سَارَ إِلَيْهَا أَمَدَّهُ عَمْرٌو بِالْجُنُودِ فَغَنِمَ هُوَ وَجُنْدُهُ، فَلَمَّا عَادَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ كَتَبَ إِلَى عُثْمَانَ يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي غَزْوِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ. ذكر عِدَّةِ حَوَادِثَ وَفِيهَا أَرْسَلَ عُثْمَانُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عَامِرٍ إِلَى كَابُلَ ، وَهِيَ عِمَالَةُ سِجِسْتَانَ، فَبَلَغَهَا فِي قَوْلٍ، فَكَانَتْ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ خُرَاسَانَ، حَتَّى مَاتَ مُعَاوِيَةُ وَامْتَنَعَ أَهْلُهَا. وَفِيهَا وُلِدَ يَزِيدُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ. وَفِيهَا كَانَتْ [ غَزْوَةُ ] سَابُورَ الْأُولَى، وَقِيلَ: سَنَةَ سِتٍّ وَعِشْرِينَ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ ذَلِكَ. وَحَجَّ بِالنَّاسِ عُثْمَانُ.
Translation
✧ Then the Year Twenty-Five Began Mention of the revolt of the people of Alexandria In this year the people of Alexandria revolted and broke their peace treaty. The reason for that was that the Byzantines were greatly distressed by the Muslims' conquest of Alexandria, and they thought that they would not be able to remain in their lands after Alexandria left their dominion. So they wrote to those Byzantines who were in it and called them to break the treaty, and they responded to that. Then a large army came to them from Constantinople, commanded by Manuel the Eunuch, and they anchored there. The Byzantines who were in it agreed with them, but al-Muqawqis did not agree; rather, he remained firm on his treaty. When the news reached ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, he marched against them, and the Byzantines marched against him. They met and fought a fierce battle, and the Byzantines were defeated. The Muslims pursued them until they drove them into Alexandria, and they killed a great slaughter among them in the town, among them Manuel the Eunuch. When the Byzantines had left Alexandria, they had taken the property of the people of those villages, both those who agreed with them and those who disagreed. When the Muslims triumphed over them, the people of the villages who had opposed them came and said to ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ: 'The Byzantines took our beasts and our property, but we did not oppose you, and we were obedient.' So he returned to them what they recognized of their property after evidence was established. ʿAmr demolished the wall of Alexandria and left it without a wall. Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ's treaty on behalf of the people of al-Rayy In it, Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ learned that the people of al-Rayy were resolved to break the truce and act treacherously. He sent to them and reconciled them, raided al-Daylam, then withdrew. The conquest of al-Baylaqān and Bardhaʿah Salmān b. Rabīʿah al-Bāhilī marched to Arrān, and he conquered al-Baylaqān by treaty on the condition that he granted them security for their lives, property, and the walls of their city, and he imposed on them the jizyah and the kharāj. Then Salmān came to the city of Bardhaʿah and camped at al-Tharthūr, a river between him and it about a farsakh away. Its people fought him for days, and he launched raids in its villages. They made peace with him on terms like the treaty of al-Baylaqān, and he entered it. He sent out his cavalry, and they conquered the rural districts of the province. He called the Kurds of al-Balāshajān to Islam, and they fought him, and he triumphed over them. He confirmed some of them on the jizyah, and some of them paid the zakāh, and they were few. He sent a raiding party to Shamkūr, and they conquered it. It is an ancient city and remained inhabited until the Sanāwirdiyyah destroyed it. They are a people who gathered when Yazīd b. Usayd withdrew from Armenia, and their affair grew great. Bughā rebuilt it in the year two hundred and forty, and named it al-Mutawakkiliyyah, in reference to al-Mutawakkil. The conquest of the confluence of the Aras and the Kur Salmān marched to the confluence of the Aras and the Kur and conquered Qabalah. The lord of Sukar and others made peace with him for tribute, and the king of Sharwān and the rest of the mountain kings and the people of Masqaṭ and al-Shābarān and the city of al-Bāb made peace with him. Then it later resisted. Mention of Muʿāwiyah's raid against the Byzantines In it, Muʿāwiyah raided the Byzantines and reached ʿAmmūriyyah. He found the fortresses between Antioch and Ṭarsūs empty, so he stationed at them a large group from the people of Syria and the Jazīrah until he returned from his raid. Then after that he sent Yazīd b. al-Ḥurr al-ʿAbsī on the summer expedition and ordered him, and he did the like. When he departed, he demolished the fortresses as far as Antioch. Mention of the raid on Ifrīqiyyah In this year, ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ dispatched ʿAbd Allāh b. Saʿd b. Abī Sarḥ to the frontiers of Ifrīqiyyah as a raider by the command of ʿUthmān. ʿAbd Allāh was from the army of Egypt. When he marched to it, ʿAmr reinforced him with troops, and he and his troops took booty. When ʿAbd Allāh returned, he wrote to ʿUthmān seeking permission to raid Ifrīqiyyah, and he granted him permission for that. Mention of several events In it, ʿUthmān sent ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿĀmir to Kābul, which is the governorship of Sijistān. He reached it, according to one account, and it was greater than Khurāsān, until Muʿāwiyah died and its people resisted. In it, Yazīd b. Muʿāwiyah was born. In it was the first raid of Sābūr, and it is said: in the year twenty-six, and that has been mentioned previously. And ʿUthmān led the people in the ḥajj.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.