Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1893
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
وَقْعَةُ جَلُولَاءَ لَمَّا سَارَ كِسْرَى وَهُوَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ بْنُ شَهْرِيَارَ مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ هَارِبًا إِلَى حُلْوَانَ شَرَعَ فِي أَثْنَاءِ الطَّرِيقِ فِي جَمْعِ رِجَالٍ وَأَعْوَانٍ وَجُنُودٍ، مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ الَّتِي هُنَاكَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ خَلْقٌ كَثِيرٌ، وَجَمٌّ غَفِيرٌ مِنَ الْفُرْسِ، وَأَمَّرَ عَلَى الْجَمِيعِ مِهْرَانَ، وَسَارَ كِسْرَى إِلَى حُلْوَانَ، وَأَقَامَ الْجَمْعُ الَّذِي جَمَعَهُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي جَلُولَاءَ، وَاحْتَفَرُوا خَنْدَقًا عَظِيمًا حَوْلَهَا، وَأَقَامُوا بِهَا فِي الْعَدَدِ وَالْعُدَدِ وَآلَاتِ الْحِصَارِ، فَكَتَبَ سَعْدٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ يُخْبِرُهُ بِذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ، أَنْ يُقِيمَ هُوَ بِالْمَدَائِنِ، وَيَبْعَثَ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ هَاشِمَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى الْجَيْشِ الَّذِي يَبْعَثُهُ إِلَى كِسْرَى، وَيَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُقَدِّمَةِ الْقَعْقَاعُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَعَلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ سِعْرُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَعَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ أَخُوهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَعَلَى السَّاقَةِ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ الْجُهَنِيُّ. فَفَعَلَ سَعْدٌ ذَلِكَ، وَبَعَثَ مَعَ ابْنِ أَخِيهِ جَيْشًا كَثِيفًا يُقَارِبُ اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ الْفًا، مِنْ سَادَاتِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَوُجُوهِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَرُءُوسِ الْعَرَبِ. وَذَلِكَ فِي صَفَرٍ سنة ست عشرة بَعْدَ فَرَاغِهِمْ مِنْ أَمْرِ الْمَدَائِنِ فَسَارَ مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ فَمَرَّ بِبَابِلَ مَهْرُوذَ، فَصَالَحَهُ دِهْقَانُهَا عَلَى أَنْ يَفْرِشَ لَهُ جَرِيبَ الْأَرْضِ دَرَاهِمَ فَفَعَلَ وَصَالَحَهُ، ثُمَّ مَضَى فَسَارُوا حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى الْمَجُوسِ وَهُمْ بِجَلُولَاءَ قَدْ خَنْدَقُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. حصار المسلمين للفرس بجلولاء فَحَاصَرَهُمْ هَاشِمُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، وَكَانُوا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْ بَلَدِهِمْ لِلْقِتَالِ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ، فَيُقَاتِلُونَ قِتَالًا لَمْ يُسْمَعْ بِمِثْلِهِ. وَجَعَلَ كِسْرَى يَبْعَثُ إِلَيْهِمُ الْأَمْدَادَ، وَكَذَلِكَ سَعْدٌ يَبْعَثُ الْمَدَدَ إِلَى ابْنِ أَخِيهِ، مَرَّةً بَعْدَ أُخْرَى. وَحَمِيَ الْقِتَالُ، وَاشْتَدَّ النِّزَالُ، وَاضْطَرَمَتْ نَارُ الْحَرْبِ، وَقَامَ فِي النَّاسِ هَاشِمٌ فَخَطَبَهُمْ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ، فَحَرَّضَهُمْ عَلَى الْقِتَالِ، وَالتَّوَكُّلِ عَلَى اللَّهِ. وَقَدْ تَعَاقَدَتِ الْفُرْسُ وَتَعَاهَدَتْ، وَحَلَفُوا بِالنَّارِ أَنْ لَا يَفِرُّوا أَبَدًا حَتَّى يُفْنُوا الْعَرَبَ. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْمَوْقِفُ الْأَخِيرُ، وَهُوَ يَوْمُ الْفَيْصَلِ وَالْفُرْقَانِ، تَوَاقَفُوا مِنْ أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا لَمْ يُعْهَدْ مِثْلُهُ، حَتَّى فَنِيَ النُّشَّابُ مِنَ الطَّرَفَيْنِ، وَتَقَصَّفَتِ الرِّمَاحُ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ وَمِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَصَارُوا إِلَى السُّيُوفِ وَالطَّبَرْزِينَاتِ، وَحَانَتْ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ فَصَلَّى الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِيمَاءً، وَذَهَبَتْ فِرْقَةُ الْمَجُوسِ وَجَاءَتْ مَكَانَهَا أُخْرَى، فَقَامَ الْقَعْقَاعُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَقَالَ: أَهَالَكُمْ مَا رَأَيْتُمْ أَيُّهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ ؟ قَالُوا: نَعَمْ إِنَّا كَالُّونَ وَهُمْ مُرِيحُونَ. فَقَالَ: بَلْ إِنَّا حَامِلُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَمُجِدُّونَ فِي طَلَبِهِمْ حَتَّى يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ بَيْنَنَا، فَاحْمِلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ حَمْلَةَ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ حَتَّى نُخَالِطَهُمْ. فَحَمَلَ وَحَمَلَ النَّاسُ، فَأَمَّا الْقَعْقَاعُ فَإِنَّهُ صَمَّمَ الْحَمَلَةَ فِي جَمَاعَةٍ مِنَ الْفُرْسَانِ وَالْأَبْطَالِ وَالشُّجْعَانِ، حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابِ الْخَنْدَقِ، وَأَقْبَلَ اللَّيْلُ بِظَلَامِهِ، وَجَالَتْ بَقِيَّةُ الْأَبْطَالِ بِمَنْ مَعَهُمْ فِي النَّاسِ، وَجَعَلُوا يَأْخُذُونَ فِي التَّحَاجُزِ مِنْ أَجْلِ إِقْبَالِ اللَّيْلِ، وَفِي الْأَبْطَالِ يَوْمَئِذٍ طُلَيْحَةُ الْأَسَدِيُّ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِيكَرِبَ، وَقَيْسُ بْنُ مَكْشُوحٍ، وَحُجْرُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَلَمْ يَعْلَمُوا بِمَا صَنَعَهُ الْقَعْقَاعُ فِي ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ، وَلَمْ يَشْعُرُوا بِذَلِكَ، لَوْلَا مُنَادِيهِ يُنَادِي: أَيْنَ أَيُّهَا الْمُسْلِمُونَ ! هَذَا أَمِيرُكُمْ عَلَى بَابِ خَنْدَقِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ الْمَجُوسُ فَرُّوا، وَحَمَلَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ نَحْوَ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، فَإِذَا هُوَ عَلَى بَابِ الْخَنْدَقِ قَدْ مَلَكَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَهَرَبَتِ الْفُرْسُ كُلَّ مَهْرَبٍ، وَأَخَذَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْ كُلِّ وَجْهٍ، وَقَعَدُوا لَهُمْ كُلَّ مَرْصَدٍ، فَقُتِلَ مِنْهُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْقِفِ مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ، حَتَّى جَلَّلُوا وَجْهَ الْأَرْضِ بِالْقَتْلَى، فَلِذَلِكَ سُمِّيَتْ جَلُولَاءَ. وَغَنِمُوا مِنَ الْأَمْوَالِ وَالسِّلَاحِ وَالذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ قَرِيبًا مِمَّا غَنِمُوا مِنَ الْمَدَائِنِ قَبْلَهَا تتبع المسلمين للفارين من الفرس وَبَعَثَ هَاشِمُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ الْقَعْقَاعَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو فِي إِثْرِ مَنِ انْهَزَمَ مِنْهُمْ وَرَاءَ كِسْرَى، فَسَاقَ خَلْفَهُمْ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَ مِهْرَانَ مُنْهَزِمًا، فَقَتَلَهُ الْقَعْقَاعُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَأَفْلَتَهُمُ الْفَيْرُزَانُ فَاسْتَمَرَّ مُنْهَزِمًا، وَأَسَرَ سَبَايَا كَثِيرَةً بَعَثَ بِهَا إِلَى هَاشِمِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، وَغَنِمُوا دَوَابَّ كَثِيرَةً جِدًّا. ثُمَّ بَعَثَ هَاشِمٌ بِالْغَنَائِمِ وَالْأَمْوَالِ إِلَى عَمِّهِ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ، فَنَفَلَ سَعْدٌ ذَوِي النَّجْدَةِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِقَسْمِ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْغَانِمِينَ. غنائم جلولاء وتوزيعها قَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: كَانَ الْمَالُ الْمُتَحَصَّلُ مِنْ وَقْعَةِ جَلُولَاءَ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ، وَكَانَ خُمُسُهُ سِتَّةَ آلَافِ أَلْفٍ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: كَانَ الَّذِي أَصَابَ كُلُّ فَارِسٍ يَوْمَ جَلُولَاءَ نَظِيرَ مَا حَصَلَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الْمَدَائِنِ. يَعْنِي اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا لِكُلِّ فَارِسٍ. وَقِيلَ: أَصَابَ كُلُّ فَارِسٍ تِسْعَةَ آلَافٍ وَتِسْعَ دَوَابٍّ. وَكَانَ الَّذِي وَلِيَ قَسْمَ ذَلِكَ بَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَتَحْصِيلَهُ سَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ، ؓ. ثُمَّ بَعَثَ سَعْدٌ بِالْأَخْمَاسِ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَالرَّقِيقِ وَالدَّوَابِّ مَعَ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَقُضَاعِيِّ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَأَبِي مُفَزِّرٍ الْأَسْوَدِ. فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى عُمَرَ سَأَلَ عُمَرُ زِيَادَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ عَنْ كَيْفِيَّةِ الْوَقْعَةِ، فَذَكَرَهَا لَهُ، وَكَانَ زِيَادٌ فَصِيحًا، فَأَعْجَبَ إِيرَادُهُ لَهَا عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ، ؓ، وَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَسْمَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَتَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ تَخْطُبَ النَّاسَ بِمَا أَخْبَرْتَنِي بِهِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ أَهِيبَ عِنْدِي مِنْكَ، فَكَيْفَ لَا أَقْوَى عَلَى هَذَا مَعَ غَيْرِكَ ؟ فَقَامَ فِي النَّاسِ فَقَصَّ عَلَيْهِمْ خَبَرَ الْوَقْعَةِ، وَكَمْ قَتَلُوا، وَكَمْ غَنِمُوا، بِعِبَارَةٍ عَظِيمَةٍ بَلِيغَةٍ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ الْخَطِيبُ الْمِصْقَعُ. يَعْنِي الْفَصِيحَ. فَقَالَ زِيَادٌ: إِنَّ جُنْدَنَا أَطْلَقُوا بِالْفِعَالِ لِسَانَنَا. ثُمَّ حَلَفَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ أَنْ لَا يُجِنَّ هَذَا الْمَالَ الَّذِي جَاءُوا بِهِ سَقْفٌ حَتَّى يَقْسِمَهُ، فَبَاتَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ يَحْرُسَانِهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ جَاءَ عُمَرُ فِي النَّاسِ، بَعْدَ مَا صَلَّى الْغَدَاةَ وَطَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَأَمَرَ فَكَشَفَ عَنْهُ جَلَابِيبَهُ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرَ إِلَى يَاقُوتِهِ وَزَبَرْجَدِهِ وَذَهَبِهِ الْأَصْفَرِ وَفِضَّتِهِ الْبَيْضَاءِ بَكَى عُمَرُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ: مَا يُبْكِيكَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ؟ فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّ هَذَا لِمَوْطِنُ شُكْرٍ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا ذَاكَ يُبْكِينِي، وَتَاللَّهَ مَا أَعْطَى اللَّهُ هَذَا قَوْمًا إِلَّا تَحَاسَدُوا وَتَبَاغَضُوا، وَلَا تَحَاسَدُوا إِلَّا أُلْقِيَ بَأْسُهُمْ بَيْنَهُمْ. ثُمَّ قَسَمَهُ كَمَا قَسَمَ أَمْوَالَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ. وعن جُمَيْعُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ اللَّيْثِيُّ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ] عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، يَقُولُ: شَهِدْتُ جَلُولَاءَ وَابْتَعْتُ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ بِأَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، فَقَدِمْتُ بِهَا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى عُمَرَ، فَقَالَ: مَا هَذَا؟ فَقُلْتُ: ابْتَعْتُ مِنَ الْغَنَائِمِ بِأَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، فَقَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ، لَوِ انْطُلِقَ بِي إِلَى النَّاسِ كُنْتَ مُفْتَدِيَّ، قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ أَمْلِكُ، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي مُخَاصِمٌ وَكَأَنِّي بِكَ بِتَابِعٍ وَالنَّاسُ بِجَلُولَاءَ يَقُولُونَ: هَذَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ صَاحِبُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَابْنُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَكْرَمُ أَهْلِهِ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنْ يُرَخِّصُوا عَلَيْكَ كَذَا وَكَذَا دِرْهَمًا أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَنْ يُغْلُوا عَلَيْكَ بِدِرْهَمٍ، وَسَأُعْطِيكَ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ أَفْضَلَ مَا رَبِحَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ. ثُمَّ أَتَى بَابَ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا بِنْتَ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكِ أَنْ تُخْرِجِي مِنْ بَيْتِكِ شَيْئًا أَوْ تَخْرُجِنَّ مِنْهُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ عُنُقَ ظَبْيَةٍ، فَقَالَتْ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، لَكَ ذَلِكَ. ثُمَّ تَرَكَنِي سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ، ثُمَّ دَعَا التُّجَّارَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ، إِنِّي مَسْئُولٌ، قَالَ: فَبَاعَ مِنَ التُّجَّارِ مَتَاعًا بِأَرْبَعِمِائَةِ أَلْفٍ، فَأَعْطَانِي ثَمَانِينَ أَلْفًا، وَأَرْسَلَ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا إِلَى سَعْدٍ، فَقَالَ: اقْسِمْ هَذَا الْمَالَ فِي مَنْ شَهِدَ الْوَقْعَةَ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ مَاتَ فَابْعَثْ نَصِيبَهُ إِلَى وَرَثَتِهِ. وَكَانَ فَتْحُ جَلُولَاءَ فِي ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ، وَبَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَ الْمَدَائِنِ تَسْعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ. ثُمَّ دَخَلَتْ سَنَةُ تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ: كَانَ فَتْحُ الْمَدَائِنِ وَجَلُولَاءَ فِيهَا. وَالْمَشْهُورُ خِلَافُ مَا قَالَ، كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ. شعر هاشم بن عتبة في يوم جلولاء وَقَدْ قَالَ هَاشِمُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ فِي يَوْمِ جَلُولَاءَ: يَوْمُ جَلُولَاءَ وَيَوْمُ رُسْتُمْ وَيَوْمُ زَحْفِ الْكُوفَةِ الْمُقَدَّمْ وَيَوْمُ عَرْضِ النَّهْرِ الْمُحَرَّمْ وَأَيَّامٌ خَلَتْ مِنْ شَهْرٍ صُرَّمْ شَيَّبْنَ أَصْدُغِي فَهُنَّ هُرَّمْ مِثْلُ ثُغَامِ الْبَلَدِ الْمُحَرَّمْ وَقَالَ أَبُو بُجَيْدٍ فِي ذَلِكَ: وَيَوْمُ جَلُولَاءَ الْوَقِيعَةِ أَصْبَحَتْ كَتَائِبُنَا تَرْدِي بِأُسْدٍ عَوَابِسِ فَضَضْتُ جُمُوعَ الْفُرْسِ ثُمَّ أَنَمْتُهُمْ فَتَبًّا لِأَجْسَادِ الْمَجُوسِ النَّجَائِسِ وَأَفْلَتَهُنَّ الْفَيْرُزَانُ بِجَرْعَةٍ وَمِهْرَانُ أَرْدَتْ يَوْمَ حَزِّ الْقَوَانِسِ أَقَامُوا بِدَارٍ لِلْمَنِيَّةِ مَوْعِدُ وَلِلتُّرْبِ تَحْثُوهَا خَجُوجُ الرَّوَامِسِ
Translation
✧ The Battle of Jalūlāʾ When Kisrā, who is Yazdajird b. Shahriyār, departed from al-Madāʾin fleeing to Ḥulwān, he began along the way to gather men, supporters, and soldiers from the towns there. A great multitude and a vast throng of the Persians gathered to him, and he appointed Mihrān over all of them. Kisrā went to Ḥulwān, and the force he had gathered took up position between him and the Muslims at Jalūlāʾ. They dug a great trench around it and remained there with numbers, equipment, and siege implements. Saʿd wrote to ʿUmar informing him of that. ʿUmar wrote back to him that he should remain at al-Madāʾin and send his nephew Hāshim b. ʿUtbah as commander of the army he would send against Kisrā, with al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr over the vanguard, Siʿr b. Mālik over the right wing, his brother ʿUmar b. Mālik over the left wing, and ʿAmr b. Murrah al-Juhanī over the rear. Saʿd did that and sent with his nephew a dense army of nearly twelve thousand of the leading Muslims, the notables of the Emigrants and the Helpers, and the chiefs of the Arabs. That was in Ṣafar of the year sixteen, after they had finished the affair of al-Madāʾin. He marched from al-Madāʾin and passed by Bābil Mahrūdh. Its dihqān made terms with him on condition that he spread for him a jarīb of land with dirhams, and he did so and made terms with him. Then he went on and they traveled until they came upon the Magians at Jalūlāʾ, who had entrenched themselves against them. The Muslims' siege of the Persians at Jalūlāʾ Hāshim b. ʿUtbah besieged them, and they would come out of their town to fight at every time, fighting a battle the like of which had not been heard. Kisrā kept sending them reinforcements, and Saʿd likewise sent reinforcements to his nephew, time after time. The fighting grew intense, the combat fierce, and the fire of war blazed. Hāshim stood among the people and addressed them more than once, urging them to fight and to trust in God. The Persians had made covenants and pledges and sworn by the fire that they would never flee until they annihilated the Arabs. When the final stand came, which was the day of decision and separation, they faced each other from the beginning of the day and fought a fierce battle the like of which had not been known, until the arrows were spent on both sides, the lances shattered among these and those, and they turned to swords and battle-axes. The time of the noon prayer arrived, and the Muslims prayed by gesture. A group of the Magians withdrew and another took its place. Al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr stood among the Muslims and said: "Has what you have seen alarmed you, O Muslims?" They said: "Yes, we are weary and they are rested." He said: "Rather, we are charging them and striving in pursuit of them until God judges between us. So charge them with the charge of a single man until we mingle with them." He charged and the people charged. As for al-Qaʿqāʿ, he pressed the charge with a group of horsemen and heroes and brave men until he reached the gate of the trench. Night came on with its darkness, and the rest of the heroes with those with them moved among the people and began to disengage because of the approach of night. Among the heroes that day were Ṭulayḥah al-Asadī, ʿAmr b. Maʿdīkarib, Qays b. Makshūḥ, and Ḥujr b. ʿAdī. They did not know what al-Qaʿqāʿ had done in the darkness of night, and they would not have been aware of it had not his crier called out: "Where are you, O Muslims! This is your commander at the gate of their trench." When the Magians heard that, they fled, and the Muslims charged toward al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr. There he was at the gate of the trench, having seized it from them. The Persians fled in every direction, and the Muslims took them from every side and lay in wait for them at every watchpoint. One hundred thousand of them were killed in that stand, until they covered the face of the earth with the slain. For that reason it was called Jalūlāʾ. They plundered wealth, weapons, gold, and silver close to what they had plundered from al-Madāʾin before it. The Muslims' pursuit of the fleeing Persians Hāshim b. ʿUtbah sent al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr after those who had been routed toward Kisrā. He drove after them until he caught up with Mihrān in flight, and al-Qaʿqāʿ b. ʿAmr killed him. Al-Fayrūzān eluded them and continued in flight. He took many captives and sent them to Hāshim b. ʿUtbah, and they plundered a very great number of mounts. Then Hāshim sent the spoils and wealth to his paternal uncle Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ. Saʿd gave extra shares to those of valor, then ordered it distributed among the captors. The spoils of Jalūlāʾ and their distribution Al-Shaʿbī said: The wealth obtained from the battle of Jalūlāʾ was thirty million, and its fifth was six million. Others said: What each horseman received on the day of Jalūlāʾ was the like of what he had obtained on the day of al-Madāʾin, meaning twelve thousand for each horseman. It is said: Each horseman received nine thousand and nine mounts. The one who undertook its distribution among the Muslims and its collection was Salmān b. Rabīʿah, ؓ. Then Saʿd sent the fifths of the wealth, slaves, and mounts with Ziyād b. Abī Sufyān, Quḍāʿī b. ʿAmr, and Abū Mufazzir al-Aswad. When they came to ʿUmar, ʿUmar asked Ziyād b. Abī Sufyān about how the battle had gone, and he related it to him. Ziyād was eloquent, and his account of it pleased ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, ؓ. He wished the Muslims to hear it from him, so he said to him: "Can you address the people with what you have told me?" He said: "Yes, O Commander of the Faithful. There is no one on the face of the earth more awe-inspiring to me than you, so how should I not be able to do this before others?" He stood among the people and recounted to them the news of the battle, how many they had killed, and how much they had plundered, with a mighty and eloquent expression. ʿUmar said: "This is indeed the sharp-tongued orator," meaning the eloquent one. Ziyād said: "Our troops have loosed our tongue by their deeds." Then ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb swore that no roof should cover this wealth they had brought until he divided it. ʿAbd Allāh b. Arqam and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf spent the night guarding it in the mosque. When morning came, ʿUmar came among the people after the dawn prayer and after the sun had risen. He gave orders, and its coverings were removed. When he looked at its rubies, chrysolites, yellow gold, and white silver, ʿUmar wept. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān said to him: "What makes you weep, O Commander of the Faithful? By God, this is a place of thankfulness." ʿUmar said: "By God, that is not what makes me weep. By God, God has not given this to a people but that they envy one another and hate one another, and they do not envy one another but that their might is cast among themselves." Then he divided it as he had divided the wealth of al-Qādisiyyah. On the authority of Jumayʿ b. ʿUmayr al-Laythī, who said: I heard ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar say: I took part in Jalūlāʾ and purchased from the spoils for forty thousand, and I brought them to Madinah to ʿUmar. He said: "What is this?" I said: "I purchased from the spoils for forty thousand." He said: "O ʿAbd Allāh, if I were led to the people, would you ransom me?" I said: "Yes, with everything I possess." He said: "I am your opponent, and it is as if I see you following while the people at Jalūlāʾ say: 'This is ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, the companion of the Messenger of God ﷺ and the son of the Commander of the Faithful and the dearest of his family to him.' That they lower the price for you by such and such dirhams is dearer to them than that they raise it by a dirham. I shall give you of the profit the best profit any man of Quraysh has gained." Then he came to the door of Ṣafiyyah bt. Abī ʿUbayd and said: "O daughter of Abī ʿUbayd, I adjure you either to bring out of your house anything, or you shall leave it, even if it be the neck of a gazelle." She said: "O Commander of the Faithful, that is yours to command." Then he left me alone for seven days. Then he summoned the merchants and said: "O ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar, I am accountable." He said: And he sold to the merchants goods for four hundred thousand, and gave me eighty thousand, and sent three hundred and twenty thousand to Saʿd, saying: "Divide this wealth among those who witnessed the battle, and if any of them has died, send his share to his heirs." The conquest of Jalūlāʾ was in Dhū al-Qaʿdah of the year sixteen, and between it and al-Madāʾin were nine months. Then the year nineteen began. Al-Wāqidī and others said: The conquest of al-Madāʾin and Jalūlāʾ was in it. But the well-known view is contrary to what he said, as has been mentioned before. The poetry of Hāshim b. ʿUtbah on the day of Jalūlāʾ Hāshim b. ʿUtbah said on the day of Jalūlāʾ: The day of Jalūlāʾ and the day of Rustam and the day of the advancing host of al-Kūfah And the day of the crossing of the forbidden river And days that passed of a completed month They have whitened my temples, so they are hoary Like the thughām of the forbidden land And Abū Bujayd said of that: On the day of Jalūlāʾ of the battle, our squadrons Came marching with grim-faced lions I broke the hosts of the Persians, then laid them low So destruction to the bodies of the filthy Magians Al-Fayrūzān eluded them by a gulp, and Mihrān Perished on the day of the cutting of the helmets They stayed in a land where death had its appointed time And for the dust that the blowing winds drive upon it
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