Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1890
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
فَرْضِ الْعَطَاءِ وَعَمَلِ الدِّيوَانِ وَفِي سَنَةِ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ فَرَضَ عُمَرُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ الْفُرُوضَ، وَدَوَّنَ الدَّوَاوِينَ، وَأَعْطَى الْعَطَايَا عَلَى السَّابِقَةِ، وَأَعْطَى صَفْوَانَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ وَالْحَارِثَ بْنَ هِشَامٍ وَسُهَيْلَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو فِي أَهْلِ الْفَتْحِ أَقَلَّ مَا أَخَذَ مَنْ قَبْلَهُمْ، فَامْتَنَعُوا مِنْ أَخْذِهِ وَقَالُوا: لَا نَعْتَرِفُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَحَدٌ أَكْرَمَ مِنَّا. فَقَالَ: إِنِّي إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْتُكُمْ عَلَى السَّابِقَةِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ لَا عَلَى الْأَحْسَابِ. قَالُوا: فَنَعَمْ إِذًا، وَأَخَذُوا، وَخَرَجَ الْحَارِثُ وَسُهَيْلٌ بِأَهْلَيْهِمَا نَحْوَ الشَّامِ، فَلَمْ يَزَالَا مُجَاهِدَيْنِ حَتَّى أُصِيبَا فِي بَعْضِ تِلْكَ الدُّرُوبِ، وَقِيلَ: مَاتَا فِي طَاعُونِ عَمَوَاسَ. وَلَمَّا أَرَادَ عُمَرُ وَضْعَ الدِّيوَانِ قَالَ لَهُ عَلِيٌّ وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ: ابْدَأْ بِنَفْسِكَ. قَالَ: لَا بَلْ أَبْدَأُ بِعَمِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، ثُمَّ الْأَقْرَبِ فَالْأَقْرَبِ ; فَفَرَضَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ وَبَدَأَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ خَمْسَةَ آلَافٍ، ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لِمَنْ بَعْدَ بَدْرٍ إِلَى الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لِمَنْ بَعْدَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ إِلَى أَنْ أَقْلَعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ( فِي ذَلِكَ مَنْ شَهِدَ الْفَتْحَ وَقَاتَلَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَمَنْ وَلِيَ الْأَيَّامَ قَبْلَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، كُلُّ هَؤُلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ ثَلَاثَةَ آلَافٍ )، ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ وَأَهْلِ الشَّامِ أَلْفَيْنِ أَلْفَيْنِ، وَفَرَضَ لِأَهْلِ الْبَلَاءِ النَّازِعِ مِنْهُمْ أَلْفَيْنِ وَخَمْسَمِائَةٍ أَلْفَيْنِ وَخَمْسَمِائَةٍ. فَقِيلَ لَهُ: لَوْ أَلْحَقْتَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ بِأَهْلِ الْأَيَّامِ، فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُلْحِقَهُمْ بِدَرَجَةِ مَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكُوا. وَقِيلَ لَهُ: قَدْ سَوَّيْتَ مَنْ بَعُدَتْ دَارُهُ بِمَنْ قَرُبَتْ دَارُهُ وَقَاتَلَهُمْ عَنْ فِنَائِهِ. فَقَالَ: مَنْ قَرُبَتْ دَارُهُ أَحَقُّ بِالزِّيَادَةِ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا رِدْءًا لِلْحُتُوفِ وَشَجًى لِلْعَدُوِّ، فَهَلَّا قَالَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ مِثْلَ قَوْلِكُمْ حِينَ سَوَّيْنَا بَيْنَ السَّابِقِينَ مِنْهُمْ وَالْأَنْصَارَ ! فَقَدْ كَانَتْ نُصْرَةُ الْأَنْصَارِ بِفِنَائِهِمْ وَهَاجَرَ إِلَيْهِمُ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ مِنْ بَعْدُ. وَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ بَعْدَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ وَالْيَرْمُوكِ أَلْفًا أَلْفًا، ثُمَّ فَرَضَ لِلرَّوَادِفِ الْمُثَنَّى خَمْسَمِائَةٍ خَمْسَمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ لِلرَّوَادِفِ الثَّلِيثِ بَعْدَهُمْ ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ، سَوَّى كُلَّ طَبَقَةٍ فِي الْعَطَاءِ قَوِيَّهُمْ وَضَعِيفَهُمْ، عَرَبَهُمْ وَعَجَمَهُمْ، وَفَرَضَ لِلرَّوَادِفِ الرَّبِيعِ عَلَى مِائَتَيْنِ وَخَمْسِينَ وَفَرَضَ لِمَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ - وَهُمْ أَهْلُ هَجَرَ وَالْعِبَادِ - عَلَى مِائَتَيْنِ، وَأَلْحَقَ بِأَهْلِ بَدْرٍ أَرْبَعَةً مِنْ غَيْرِ أَهْلِهَا: الْحَسَنَ وَالْحُسَيْنَ وَأَبَا ذَرٍّ وَسَلْمَانَ. وَكَانَ فَرَضَ لِلْعَبَّاسِ خَمْسَةً وَعِشْرِينَ أَلْفًا، وَقِيلَ: اثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا، وَأَعْطَى نِسَاءَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ، إِلَّا مَنْ جَرَى عَلَيْهَا الْمِلْكُ. فَقَالَ نِسْوَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: مَا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُفَضِّلُنَا عَلَيْهِنَّ فِي الْقِسْمَةِ، فَسَوِّ بَيْنَنَا ; فَفَعَلَ وَفَضَّلَ عَائِشَةَ بِأَلْفَيْنِ لِمَحَبَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، إِيَّاهَا، فَلَمْ تَأْخُذْ. وَجَعَلَ نِسَاءَ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ فِي خَمْسِمِائَةٍ خَمْسِمِائَةٍ، وَنِسَاءَ مَنْ بَعْدَهُمْ إِلَى الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ عَلَى أَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ أَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ، وَنِسَاءَ مَنْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى الْأَيَّامِ ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ ثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَنِسَاءَ أَهْلِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ مِائَتَيْنِ مِائَتَيْنِ، ثُمَّ سَوَّى بَيْنَ النِّسَاءِ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ، وَجَعَلَ الصِّبْيَانَ سَوَاءً عَلَى مِائَةٍ مِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ جَمَعَ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِينًا وَأَطْعَمَهُمُ الْخُبْزَ، فَأَحْصَوْا مَا أَكَلُوا فَوَجَدُوهُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ جَرِيبَتَيْنِ، فَفَرَضَ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ وَلِعِيَالِهِ جَرِيبَتَيْنِ فِي الشَّهْرِ. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ: لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ الْعَطَاءَ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ، أَلْفًا يَجْعَلُهَا الرَّجُلُ فِي أَهْلِهِ، وَأَلْفًا يُزَوَّدُهَا مَعَهُ، وَأَلْفًا يَتَجَهَّزُ بِهَا، وَأَلْفًا يَتَرَفَّقُ بِهَا. فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ. وَقَالَ لَهُ قَائِلٌ عِنْدَ فَرْضِ الْعَطَاءِ: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ لَوْ تَرَكْتَ فِي بُيُوتِ الْأَمْوَالِ عِدَّةً لِكَوْنٍ إِنْ كَانَ. فَقَالَ: كَلِمَةٌ أَلْقَاهَا الشَّيْطَانُ عَلَى فِيكَ وَقَانِي اللَّهُ شَرَّهَا، وَهِيَ فِتْنَةٌ لِمَنْ بَعْدِي، بَلْ أُعِدُّ لَهُمْ مَا أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ طَاعَةً لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، هُمَا عُدَّتُنَا الَّتِي بِهَا أَفْضَيْنَا إِلَى مَا تَرَوْنَ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الْمَالُ ثَمَنَ دِينِ أَحَدِكُمْ هَلَكْتُمْ. وَقَالَ عُمَرُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ امْرَأً تَاجِرًا يُغْنِي اللَّهُ عِيَالِي بِتِجَارَتِي، وَقَدْ شَغَلْتُمُونِي بِأَمْرِكُمْ هَذَا، فَمَا تَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ يَحِلُّ لِي فِي هَذَا الْمَالِ ؟ وَعَلِيٌّ سَاكِتٌ. فَأَكْثَرَ الْقَوْمُ، فَقَالَ: مَا تَقُولُ يَا عَلِيُّ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا أَصْلَحَكَ وَعِيَالَكَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ لَيْسَ لَكَ غَيْرُهُ. فَقَالَ الْقَوْمُ: الْقَوْلُ مَا قَالَ عَلِيٌّ. فَأَخَذَ قُوتَهُ وَاشْتَدَّتْ حَاجَةُ عُمَرَ، فَاجْتَمَعَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ مِنْهُمْ عُثْمَانُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَطَلْحَةُ وَالزُّبَيْرُ فَقَالُوا: لَوْ قُلْنَا لِعُمَرَ فِي زِيَادَةٍ نَزِيدُهُ إِيَّاهَا فِي رِزْقِهِ. فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: هَلُمُّوا فَلْنَسْتَبْرِئْ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنْ وَرَاءَ وَرَاءَ، فَأَتَوْا حَفْصَةَ ابْنَتَهُ فَأَعْلَمُوهَا الْحَالَ وَاسْتَكْتَمُوهَا أَنْ لَا تُخْبِرَ بِهِمْ عُمَرَ. فَلَقِيَتْ عُمَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ، فَغَضِبَ وَقَالَ: مَنْ هَؤُلَاءِ لِأَسَوءَهُمْ ؟ قَالَتْ: لَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى عِلْمِهِمْ. قَالَ: أَنْتِ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُمْ، مَا أَفْضَلُ مَا اقْتَنَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِكِ مِنَ الْمَلْبَسِ ؟ قَالَتْ: ثَوْبَيْنِ مُمَشَّقَيْنِ كَانَ يَلْبَسُهُمَا لِلْوَفْدِ وَالْجُمَعِ. قَالَ: فَأَيُّ الطَّعَامِ نَالَهُ عِنْدَكِ أَرْفَعُ ؟ قَالَتْ: حَرْفًا مِنْ خُبْزِ شَعِيرٍ فَصَبَبْنَا عَلَيْهِ وَهُوَ حَارٌّ أَسْفَلَ عُكَّةٍ لَنَا، فَجَعَلْتُهَا دَسِمَةً حُلْوَةً فَأَكَلَ مِنْهَا. وَقَالَ: وَأَيُّ مُبْسَطٍ كَانَ يُبْسَطُ عِنْدَكِ كَانَ أَوْطَأَ ؟ قَالَتْ: كِسَاءٌ ثَخِينٌ كُنَّا نُرَبِّعُهُ فِي الصَّيْفِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ الشِّتَاءُ بَسَطْنَا نِصْفَهُ وَتَدَثَّرْنَا بِنِصْفِهِ. قَالَ: يَا حَفْصَةُ فَأَبْلِغِيهِمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدَّرَ فَوَضَعَ الْفُضُولَ مَوَاضِعَهَا وَتَبَلَّغَ بِالتَّزْجِيَةِ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَأَضَعَنَّ الْفُضُولَ مَوَاضِعَهَا وَلَأَتَبَلَّغَنَّ بِالتَّزْجِيَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ صَاحِبَيَّ كَثَلَاثَةٍ سَلَكُوا طَرِيقًا، فَمَضَى الْأَوَّلُ وَقَدْ تَزَوَّدَ فَبَلَغَ الْمَنْزِلَ، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعَهُ الْآخَرُ فَسَلَكَ طَرِيقَهُ فَأَفْضَى إِلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعَهُ الثَّالِثُ فَإِنْ لَزِمَ طَرِيقَهُمَا وَرَضِيَ بِزَادِهِمَا أُلْحِقَ بِهِمَا، وَإِنْ سَلَكَ غَيْرَ طَرِيقِهِمَا لَمْ يُجَامِعْهُمَا.
Translation
✧ The Imposition of Stipends and the Establishment of the Dīwān In the year fifteen, ʿUmar imposed stipends for the Muslims, established the dīwāns, and gave grants according to precedence in Islam. He gave Ṣafwān b. Umayyah, al-Ḥārith b. Hishām, and Suhayl b. ʿAmr among the people of the conquest the least of what those before them had received. They refused to take it and said: "We do not acknowledge that anyone is more noble than us." He said: "I gave you according to precedence in Islam, not according to lineages." They said: "Then yes, indeed," and they took it. Al-Ḥārith and Suhayl set out with their families toward Syria, and they remained engaged in jihād until they were struck down in some of those mountain passes. It is said they died in the plague of ʿAmawās. When ʿUmar wanted to set up the dīwān, ʿAlī and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf said to him: "Begin with yourself." He said: "No, rather I begin with the uncle of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, then the nearest and the nearest." So he assigned a stipend for al-ʿAbbās and began with him. Then he assigned for the people of Badr five thousand, five thousand. Then he assigned for those after Badr until al-Ḥudaybiyyah four thousand, four thousand. Then he assigned for those after al-Ḥudaybiyyah until Abū Bakr desisted from the people of the apostasy three thousand, three thousand. Among those were those who witnessed the conquest, those who fought on behalf of Abū Bakr, and those who governed the battles before al-Qādisiyyah—all of these three thousand, three thousand. Then he assigned for the people of al-Qādisiyyah and the people of Syria two thousand, two thousand. And he assigned for the people of severe tribulation who had withdrawn from among them two thousand five hundred, two thousand five hundred. It was said to him: "If only you would attach the people of al-Qādisiyyah to the people of the battles." He said: "I will not attach them to the rank of those whom they did not reach." It was said to him: "You have made equal those whose abode is far with those whose abode is near, and who fought the enemy in defense of their own courtyard." He said: "Those whose abode is near are more entitled to an increase, for they were a support against death and a thorn in the enemy's side. Why do the Emigrants not say the like of your saying when we made equal the foremost among them and the Helpers? The Helpers' support was in their courtyard, and the Emigrants emigrated to them afterward." And he assigned for those after al-Qādisiyyah and al-Yarmūk one thousand, one thousand. Then he assigned for the second arrivals five hundred, five hundred. Then for the third arrivals after them three hundred. He made every stratum equal in the stipend, their strong and their weak, their Arabs and their non-Arabs. He assigned for the fourth arrivals two hundred and fifty. He assigned for those after them—and they are the people of Hajar and al-ʿIbād—two hundred. He attached to the people of Badr four who were not of its people: al-Ḥasan, al-Ḥusayn, Abū Dharr, and Salmān. He assigned for al-ʿAbbās twenty-five thousand, and it is said twelve thousand. He gave the wives of the Prophet ﷺ ten thousand, ten thousand, except those over whom slavery had passed. The wives of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not prefer us over them in division, so make us equal." So he did, but he favored ʿĀʾishah with two thousand because of the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ love for her, and she did not take it. He made the wives of the people of Badr at five hundred, five hundred, and the wives of those after them until al-Ḥudaybiyyah at four hundred, four hundred, and the wives of those after that until the battles at three hundred, three hundred, and the wives of the people of al-Qādisiyyah at two hundred, two hundred. Then he made women equal after that. He made the children equal at one hundred, one hundred. Then he gathered sixty poor people and fed them bread, and they counted what they ate and found that it came to two jarībs. So he assigned for every person among them and for his dependents two jarībs per month. ʿUmar said before his death: "I had resolved to make the stipend four thousand, four thousand: one thousand that a man spends on his family, one thousand that he takes as provision with him, one thousand with which he equips himself, and one thousand with which he shows kindness. But he died before he did it." A man said to him when the stipend was imposed: "O Commander of the Faithful, if only you would leave in the treasuries a reserve for any eventuality, should one occur." He said: "A word that Satan cast upon your mouth, and may Allah protect me from its evil. It is a trial for those after me. Rather, I prepare for them what Allah and His Messenger prepared: obedience to Allah and His Messenger. They are our reserve by which we arrived at what you see. If wealth becomes the price of any of your religion, you will perish." ʿUmar said to the Muslims: "I was a merchant, and Allah made my family self-sufficient through my trade. You have occupied me with this affair of yours. What do you think is lawful for me from this wealth?" ʿAlī was silent. The people spoke at length, and he said: "What do you say, O ʿAlī?" He said: "What suffices you and your family with propriety—you have nothing other than that." The people said: "The word is what ʿAlī said." So he took his sustenance. Then ʿUmar's need became pressing, and a group of the Companions gathered, among them ʿUthmān, ʿAlī, Ṭalḥah, and al-Zubayr. They said: "If only we spoke to ʿUmar about an increase that we might add to his provision." ʿUthmān said: "Come, let us find out what he has through an indirect source." So they went to Ḥafṣah, his daughter, informed her of the situation, and asked her to keep secret from ʿUmar that they had told her. She then met ʿUmar regarding that, and he became angry and said: "Who are these? I will give them the worst of it." She said: "There is no way for you to know them." He said: "You are between me and them. What is the best of the clothing that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ acquired in your house?" She said: "Two garments dyed with red clay that he wore for delegations and Fridays." He said: "What is the highest food that came to him at your house?" She said: "A piece of barley bread, and we poured over it while it was hot the bottom of a skin of ours, and I made it greasy and sweet, and he ate from it." And he said: "What is the softest spread that was spread at your house?" She said: "A thick cloak that we folded into four in summer. When winter came, we spread half of it and covered ourselves with the other half." He said: "O Ḥafṣah, tell them that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ apportioned and placed surplus things where they belong and was content with sufficiency. By Allah, I will place surplus things where they belong and be content with sufficiency. My likeness and the likeness of my two companions is as three people who traveled a road. The first went on, having taken provision, and reached the destination. Then the second followed him, traveled his road, and arrived at it. Then the third followed him. If he keeps to their road and is content with their provision, he will be joined to them; if he travels other than their road, he will not gather with them."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.