Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1878
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
[لَيْلَةُ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ ] وَأَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ لَيْلَةَ الْهَرِيرِ وَتُسَمَّى لَيْلَةَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ مِنْ بَيْنِ تِلْكَ اللَّيَالِي وَهُمْ حَسْرَى، لَمْ يُغْمِضُوا لَيْلَتَهُمْ كُلَّهَا. فَسَارَ الْقَعْقَاعُ فِي النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ الدَّائِرَةَ بَعْدَ سَاعَةٍ لِمَنْ بَدَأَ الْقَوْمَ، فَاصْبِرُوا سَاعَةً وَاحْمِلُوا، فَإِنَّ النَّصْرَ مَعَ الصَّبْرِ. فَاجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِمْ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنَ الرُّؤَسَاءِ وَصَمَدُوا لِرُسْتُمَ حَتَّى خَالَطُوا الَّذِينَ دُونَهُ مَعَ الصُّبْحِ. فَلَمَّا رَأَتْ ذَلِكَ الْقَبَائِلُ قَامَ فِيهَا رُؤَسَاؤُهُمْ وَقَالُوا: لَا يَكُونَنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ أَجَدَّ فِي أَمْرِ اللَّهِ مِنْكُمْ، وَلَا هَؤُلَاءِ، يَعْنِي الْفُرْسَ، أَجْرَأَ عَلَى الْمَوْتِ مِنْكُمْ. فَحَمَلُوا فِيمَا يَلِيهِمْ، وَخَالَطُوا مَنْ بِإِزَائِهِمْ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا حَتَّى قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ زَالَ الْفَيْرُزَانُ وَالْهُرْمُزَانُ، فَتَأَخَّرَا وَثَبَتَا حَيْثُ انْتَهَيَا، وَانْفَرَجَ الْقَلْبُ، وَرَكَدَ عَلَيْهِمُ النَّقْعُ وَهَبَّتْ رِيحٌ عَاصِفٌ فَقَلَعَتْ طَيَّارَةَ رُسْتُمَ عَنْ سَرِيرِهِ، فَهَوَتْ فِي الْعَتِيقِ، وَهِيَ دَبُورُ، وَمَالَ الْغُبَارُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَانْتَهَى الْقَعْقَاعُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ إِلَى السَّرِيرِ فَعَثَرُوا بِهِ، وَقَدْ قَامَ رُسْتُمُ عَنْهُ حِينَ أَطَارَتِ الرِّيحُ الطَّيَّارَةَ إِلَى بِغَالٍ قَدْ قَدِمَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِمَالٍ، فَهِيَ وَاقِفَةٌ، فَاسْتَظَلَّ فِي ظِلِّ بَغْلٍ وَحِمْلِهِ، وَضَرَبَ هِلَالُ بْنُ عُلَّفَةَ الْحِمْلَ الَّذِي تَحْتَهُ رُسْتُمُ، فَقَطَعَ حِبَالَهُ، وَوَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدُ الْعِدْلَيْنِ، وَلَا يَرَاهُ هِلَالٌ وَلَا يَشْعُرُ بِهِ، فَأَزَالَ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ فَقَارًا، وَضَرَبَهُ هِلَالٌ ضَرْبَةً فَنَفَحَتْ مِسْكًا. وَمَضَى رُسْتُمُ نَحْوَ الْعَتِيقِ فَرَمَى بِنَفْسِهِ فِيهِ، وَاقْتَحَمَهُ هِلَالٌ عَلَيْهِ وَأَخَذَ بِرِجْلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِهِ فَضَرَبَ جَبِينَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ أَلْقَاهُ بَيْنَ أَرْجُلِ الْبِغَالِ، ثُمَّ صَعِدَ السَّرِيرَ وَقَالَ: قَتَلْتُ رُسْتُمَ وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَةِ ! إِلَيَّ إِلَيَّ ! فَأَطَافُوا بِهِ وَكَبَّرُوا، فَنَفَّلَهُ سَعْدٌ سَلَبَهُ، وَكَانَ قَدْ أَصَابَهُ الْمَاءُ وَلَمْ يَظْفَرْ بِقَلَنْسُوَتِهِ، وَلَوْ ظَفِرَ بِهَا لَكَانَتْ قِيمَتُهَا مِائَةَ أَلْفٍ. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ هِلَالًا لَمَّا قَصَدَ رُسْتُمَ رَمَاهُ رُسْتُمُ بِنَشَّابَةٍ أَثْبَتْ قَدَمَهُ بِالرِّكَابِ، فَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ هِلَالٌ فَضَرَبَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ، ثُمَّ احْتَزَّ رَأْسَهُ وَعَلَّقَهُ وَنَادَى: قَتَلْتُ رُسْتُمَ ! فَانْهَزَمَ قَلْبُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ. وَقَامَ الْجَالِينُوسُ عَلَى الرَّدْمِ، وَنَادَى الْفُرْسَ إِلَى الْعُبُورِ، وَأَمَّا الْمُقْتَرِنُونَ فَإِنَّهُمْ جَشِعُوا فَتَهَافَتُوا فِي الْعَتِيقِ، فَوَخَزَهُمُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِرِمَاحِهِمْ، فَمَا أَفْلَتَ مُخْبِرٌ، وَهُمْ ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفًا. وَأَخَذَ ضِرَارُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ " دِرَقْشَ كَابِيَانَ "، وَهُوَ الْعَلَمُ الْأَكْبَرُ الَّذِي كَانَ لِلْفُرْسِ، فَعُوِّضَ مِنْهُ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، وَكَانَتْ قِيمَتُهُ أَلْفَ أَلْفٍ وَمِائَتَيْ أَلْفٍ. وَقَتَلُوا فِي الْمَعْرَكَةِ عَشَرَةَ آلَافٍ سِوَى مَنْ قَتَلُوا فِي الْأَيَّامِ قَبْلَهُ، وَقُتِلَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ قَبْلَ لَيْلَةِ الْهِرِيرِ أَلْفَانِ وَخَمْسُمِائَةٍ، وَقُتِلَ لَيْلَةَ الْهَرِيرِ وَيَوْمَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ سِتَّةُ آلَافٍ، فَدُفِنُوا فِي الْخَنْدَقِ حِيَالَ مُشَرِّقٍ، وَدُفِنَ مَا كَانَ قَبْلَ لَيْلَةِ الْهَرِيرِ عَلَى مُشَرِّقٍ، وَجُمِعَتِ الأَسْلَابُ وَالْأَمْوَالُ فَجُمِعَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ لَمْ يُجْمَعْ قَبْلَهُ وَلَا بَعْدَهُ مِثْلُهُ. وَأَرْسَلَ سَعْدٌ إِلَى هِلَالٍ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ رُسْتُمَ، فَأَحْضَرَهُ، فَقَالَ: جَرِّدْهُ إِلَّا مَا شِئْتَ. فَأَخَذَ سَلَبَهُ فَلَمْ يَدَعْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا. اتباع المسلمين للفرس وَأَمَرَ الْقَعْقَاعَ، وَشُرَحْبِيلَ بِاتِّبَاعِهِمْ، حَتَّى بَلَغَا مِقْدَارَ الْخَرَّارَةِ مِنَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، وَخَرَجَ زُهْرَةُ بْنُ الْحَوِيَّةِ التَّمِيمِيُّ فِي أَثَارِهِمْ، فِي ثَلَاثِمِائَةِ فَارِسٍ، ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ النَّاسُ فَلَحِقَ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ وَالْجَالِينُوسُ يَجْمَعُهُمْ، فَقَتَلَهُ زُهْرَةُ وَأَخَذَ سَلَبَهُ، وَقَتَلُوا مَا بَيْنَ الْخَرَّارَةِ إِلَى السَّيْلَحِينِ إِلَى النَّجَفِ، وَعَادُوا مِنْ أَثَرِ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ وَمَعَهُمُ الْأَسْرَى، فَرُئِيَ شَبَابٌ مِنَ النَّخَعِ وَهُوَ يَسُوقُ ثَمَانِينَ رَجُلًا أَسْرَى مِنَ الْفُرْسِ. وَاسْتَكْثَرَ سَعْدٌ سَلَبَ الْجَالِينُوسِ، فَكَتَبَ فِيهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ. فَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى سَعْدٍ: تَعْمَدُ إِلَى مِثْلِ زُهْرَةَ وَقَدْ صَلِيَ بِمِثْلِ مَا صَلِيَ بِهِ، وَقَدْ بَقِيَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ حَرْبِكَ مَا بَقِيَ، تُفْسِدُ قَلْبَهُ، أَمْضِ لَهُ سَلَبَهُ وَفَضِّلْهُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ عِنْدَ عَطَائِهِ بِخَمْسِمِائَةٍ. وَلَمَّا اتَّبَعَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ الْفُرْسَ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ يُشِيرُ إِلَى الْفَارِسِيِّ فَيَأْتِيهِ فَيَقْتُلُهُ، وَرُبَّمَا أَخَذَ سِلَاحَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ بِهِ، وَرُبَّمَا أَمَرَ رَجُلَيْنِ فَيَقْتُلُ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ. وَلَحِقَ سَلْمَانُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيُّ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ بِطَائِفَةٍ مِنْهُمْ قَدْ نَصَبُوا رَايَةً وَقَالُوا: لَا نَبْرَحُ حَتَّى نَمُوتَ، فَقَتَلَهُمْ سَلْمَانُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ. وَكَانَ قَدْ ثَبَتَ بَعْدَ الْهَزِيمَةِ بِضْعٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ كَتِيبَةً اسْتَحْيَوْا مِنَ الْفِرَارِ، وَقَصَدَهُمْ بِضْعَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ مِنْ رُؤَسَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، لِكُلِّ كَتِيبَةٍ مِنْهَا رَئِيسٌ. وَكَانَ قِتَالُ أَهْلِ الْكَتَائِبِ مِنَ الْفُرْسِ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ، مِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَرَبَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ ثَبَتَ حَتَّى قُتِلَ، وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ هَرَبَ مِنْ أُمَرَاءِ الْكَتَائِبِ الْهُرْمُزَانُ، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ عُطَارِدٍ، وَمِنْهُمْ أَهْوَذُ، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ حَنْظَلَةَ بْنِ الرَّبِيعِ، وَهُوَ كَاتِبُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمِنْهُمْ زَادُ بْنُ بُهَيْشْ، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، وَمِنْهُمْ قَارَنُ، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ الْقَعْقَاعِ ; وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ ثَبَتَ وَقُتِلَ شَهْرَيَارُ بْنُ كُنَارَا، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ سَلْمَانَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَابْنُ الْهِرْبِذِ، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْفُرُّخَانُ الْأَهْوَازِيُّ، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ بُسْرِ بْنِ أَبِي رُهْمٍ الْجُهَنِيِّ، وَمِنْهُمْ خُشْدَسُومُ الْهَمَذَانِيُّ، وَكَانَ بِإِزَاءِ ابْنِ الْهُذَيْلِ الْكَاهِلِيِّ. وَتَرَاجَعَ النَّاسُ مِنْ طَلَبِ الْمُنْهَزِمِينَ، وَقَدْ قُتِلَ مُؤَذِّنُهُمْ، فَتَشَاجَّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي الْأَذَانِ حَتَّى كَادُوا يَقْتَتِلُونَ، وَأَقْرَعَ سَعْدٌ بَيْنَهُمْ فَخَرَجَ سَهْمُ رَجُلٍ، فَأَذَّنَ. تفضيل أهل البلاء من أهل القادسية في العطاء وَفُضِّلَ أَهْلُ الْبَلَاءِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ عِنْدَ الْعَطَاءِ بِخَمْسِمِائَةٍ خَمْسِمِائَةٍ، وَهُمْ خَمْسَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ رَجُلًا، مِنْهُمْ: زُهْرَةُ وَعِصْمَةُ الضَّبِّيُّ وَالْكَلَجُ، وَأَمَّا أَهْلُ الْأَيَّامِ قَبْلَهَا فَإِنَّهُمْ فُرِضَ لَهُمْ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ، فُضِّلُوا عَلَى أَهْلِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، فَقِيلَ لِعُمَرَ: لَوْ أَلْحَقْتَ بِهِمْ أَهْلَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ. فَقَالَ: لَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُلْحِقَ بِهِمْ مَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْهُمْ. وَقِيلَ لَهُ: لَوْ فَضَّلْتَ مَنْ بَعُدَتْ دَارُهُ عَلَى مَنْ قَاتَلَهُمْ بِفِنَائِهِ. قَالَ: كَيْفَ أُفَضِّلُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَهُمْ شَجَنُ الْعَدُوِّ ! فَهَلَّا فَعَلَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ بِالْأَنْصَارِ هَذَا ! وَكَانَتِ الْعَرَبُ تَتَوَقَّعُ وَقْعَةَ الْعَرَبِ وَأَهْلِ فَارِسَ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ، فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْعُذَيْبِ إِلَى عَدَنَ أَبْيَنَ، وَفِيمَا بَيْنَ الْأُبُلَّةِ وَأَيْلَةَ، يَرَوْنَ أَنَّ ثَبَاتَ مُلْكِهِمْ وَزَاوَلَهُ بِهَا ; وَكَانَتْ فِي كُلِّ بَلَدٍ مُصِيخَةٌ إِلَيْهَا، تَنْظُرُ مَا يَكُونُ مِنْ أَمْرِهَا. فَلَمَّا كَانَتْ وَقْعَةُ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ سَارَتْ بِهَا الْجِنُّ، فَأَتَتْ بِهَا أُنَاسًا مِنَ الْإِنْسِ، فَسَبَقَتْ أَخْبَارُ الْإِنْسِ [ إِلَيْهِمْ ]. كتاب سعد إلى عمر بن الخطاب بنصر القادسية كَتَبَ سَعْدٌ إِلَى عمر بِالْفَتْحِ، وَبِعِدَّةِ مَنْ قُتِلُوا، وَبِعِدَّةِ مَنْ أُصِيبَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ - وَسَمَّى مَنْ يَعْرِفُ - مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْلَةَ الْفَزَارِيِّ. وَكَانَ عُمَرُ يَسْأَلُ الرُّكْبَانَ مِنْ حِينِ يُصْبِحُ إِلَى انْتِصَافِ النَّهَارِ عَنْ أَهْلِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ يَرْجِعُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ وَمَنْزِلِهِ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا لَقِيَ الْبَشِيرَ سَأَلَهُ مِنْ أَيْنَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، قَالَ: يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ حَدِّثْنِي. قَالَ: هَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ. وَعُمَرُ يَخِبُّ مَعَهُ يَسْأَلُهُ، وَالْآخَرُ يَسِيرُ عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ، لَا يَعْرِفُهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَإِذَا النَّاسُ يُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَيْهِ بِإِمْرَةِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، قَالَ الْبَشِيرُ: هَلَّا أَخْبَرْتَنِي - رَحِمَكَ اللَّهُ - أَنَّكَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ! فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَا بَأْسَ عَلَيْكَ يَا أَخِي. وَأَقَامَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ فِي انْتِظَارِ قُدُومِ الْبَشِيرِ، وَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ النَّاسَ أَنْ يَقُومُوا عَلَى أَقْبَاضِهِمْ، وَيُصْلِحُوا أَحْوَالَهُمْ، وَيُتَابِعَ إِلَيْهِمْ أَهْلُ الشَّامِ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ الْيَرْمُوكَ وَدِمَشْقَ مُمِدِّينَ لَهُمْ، وَجَاءَ أَوَّلُهُمْ يَوْمَ أَغْوَاثٍ، وَآخِرُهُمْ بَعْدَ الْغَدِ يَوْمَ الْفَتْحِ، فَكَتَبُوا فِيهِمْ إِلَى عُمَرَ يَسْأَلُونَهُ عَمَّا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يُشَارَ فِيهِ مَعَ نَذِيرِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو. وَهَذِهِ وَقْعَةُ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّهَا كَانَتْ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ. [وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: كَانَتْ سَنَةَ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ]. وَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: سَنَةَ سِتَّ عَشْرَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ: وَهُوَ الثَّبْتُ عِنْدَنَا
Translation
✧ [The Night of al-Qādisiyya] And the people awoke on the night of al-harīr, which among those nights is called the Night of al-Qādisiyya, exhausted, having not closed their eyes throughout the night. Al-Qaʿqāʿ went among the people and said: “The turn of fortune after an hour belongs to the one who begins against the enemy, so be patient for an hour and charge, for victory lies with patience.” A group of the commanders gathered around them and made directly for Rustum until at dawn they penetrated the ranks guarding him. When the tribes saw that, their chiefs stood among them and said: “Let it not be that these men are more earnest in God's cause than you, nor that those—meaning the Persians—are bolder in the face of death than you.” So they charged on their immediate front and engaged the forces opposite them. They fought until the sun stood at its zenith. The first to give way were al-Fayruzān and al-Hurmuzān; they fell back but held their ground where they halted. The center broke open, the dust settled upon them, and a violent wind arose, tearing the canopy of Rustum from his throne so that it fell into the ʿatīq. It was a west wind, and the dust veered over them. Al-Qaʿqāʿ and his companions reached the throne and stumbled upon it. Rustum had already left it when the wind flung the canopy away and went to some mules that had been brought to him carrying treasure, which were standing there, and he shaded himself in the shadow of a mule and its load. Hilāl b. ʿUllafa struck the load underneath which Rustum was, cutting its ropes, and one of the two packs fell on him, though Hilāl did not see him or notice him, breaking his backbone. Hilāl struck him a blow that exuded musk. Rustum made for the ʿatīq and threw himself into it. Hilāl plunged in after him, seized his legs, dragged him out, and struck his forehead with the sword until he killed him. Then he cast him among the mules' legs, mounted the throne, and cried: “I have killed Rustum, by the Lord of the Kaʿba! To me, to me!” They gathered around him and shouted “Allāhu akbar.” Saʿd gave him his spoils as a reward. He had been struck by water and had not obtained his qalansuwa; had he obtained it, its value would have been one hundred thousand. It is also said: When Hilāl made for Rustum, Rustum shot him with an arrow that pinned his foot to the stirrup. Hilāl charged and struck him, killing him, then cut off his head, hung it up, and called: “I have killed Rustum!” and the center of the polytheists fled. Al-Jālīnūs stood at the bridge and called the Persians to cross. As for those fettered together, they panicked and fell over one another into the ʿatīq; the Muslims stabbed them with their lances, and no one escaped to report—thirty thousand of them. Ḍirār b. al-Khaṭṭāb captured the dirqash of Kābiyān, the great banner of the Persians, for which he was compensated thirty thousand, its value being one million and two hundred thousand. In the battle they killed ten thousand, apart from those they had killed in the preceding days. Of the Muslims, two thousand five hundred were killed before the Night of al-Harīr, and six thousand were killed on the Night of al-Harīr and the Day of al-Qādisiyya. They were buried in the trench opposite Musharriq, while those killed before the Night of al-Harīr were buried at Musharriq. The spoils and goods were gathered, and such an amount was collected as had never been collected before, nor its like after. Saʿd sent for Hilāl and questioned him about Rustum, and he brought him forward and said: “Strip him of whatever you wish.” So Hilāl took his spoils and left nothing on him. The Muslims' pursuit of the Persians He ordered al-Qaʿqāʿ and Shuraḥbīl to pursue them, and they advanced as far as the distance of al-Kharrāra from al-Qādisiyya. Zuhra b. al-Ḥawiyya al-Tamīmī went out in their tracks with three hundred horsemen; then other men caught up with him. He overtook the fugitives while al-Jālīnūs was rallying them, and Zuhra killed him and took his spoils. They slew all from al-Kharrāra to al-Saylaḥīn to al-Najaf and returned from pursuing the routed enemy with the captives. A young man of al-Nakhaʿ was seen driving eighty Persian captives. Saʿd thought the spoils of al-Jālīnūs excessive, so he wrote to ʿUmar about them. ʿUmar wrote to Saʿd: “You intend regarding a man like Zuhra, who has endured what he has endured while there yet remains of your war what remains, to corrupt his heart? Let his spoils stand and favor him over his companions in his stipend by five hundred.” When the Muslims pursued the Persians, a man would point at a Persian, and he would come to him and kill him. Sometimes he took his weapon and killed him with it, and sometimes he commanded two men, and one of them killed his companion. Salmān b. Rabīʿa al-Bāhilī and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Rabīʿa overtook a group of them who had raised a banner and said: “We shall not move until we die.” Salmān and those with him killed them. After the rout more than thirty squadrons had stood firm, too ashamed to flee. They were sought by more than thirty Muslim commanders, one commander for each squadron. The fighting of the Persian squadron troops took two forms: some of them fled, and some stood firm until they were killed. Among the squadron commanders who fled was al-Hurmuzān, who had been opposite ʿUṭārid; among them Ahwadh, opposite Ḥanẓala b. al-Rabīʿ, the scribe of the Prophet ﷺ; among them Zād b. Buhaysh, opposite ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr; among them Qāran, opposite al-Qaʿqāʿ. Among those who stood firm and were killed were Shahriyār b. Kunārā, opposite Salmān b. Rabīʿa; Ibn al-Hirbidh, opposite ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Rabīʿa; al-Furrukhān al-Ahwāzī, opposite Busr b. Abī Ruhm al-Juhanī; and among them Khushdasūm al-Hamadhānī, opposite Ibn al-Hudhayl al-Kāhilī. The people came back from pursuing the fugitives. Their muezzin had been killed, and the Muslims disputed over the call to prayer until they almost fought one another. Saʿd drew lots among them, and a man's arrow came out, so he gave the call. The preference of the veterans of al-Qādisiyya in the stipends The veterans of al-Qādisiyya were favored in the stipends by five hundred each; they were twenty-five men, among them Zuhra, ʿIṣma al-Ḍabbī, and al-Kalaj. As for the men of the earlier days of battle, they were enrolled at three thousand and were favored over the men of al-Qādisiyya. It was said to ʿUmar: “Would that you joined the men of al-Qādisiyya to them.” He replied: “I will not join to them those who did not take part in those battles.” And it was said to him: “Would that you favored those whose homes are far over those who fight the enemy at their own door.” He said: “How could I favor them when these are the enemy's thorn? Would the Emigrants have done this to the Helpers?” The Arabs had been expecting the battle of the Arabs and the people of Persia at al-Qādisiyya, from al-ʿUdhayb to ʿAdan Abyan, and from al-Ubulla to Ayla, believing that the endurance or removal of their dominion depended on it. In every land people were listening for it, waiting to see what its outcome would be. When the battle of al-Qādisiyya occurred, the jinn carried its news, and brought it to some people among mankind, so that the jinn's tidings preceded those of men. Saʿd's letter to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb announcing the victory of al-Qādisiyya Saʿd wrote to ʿUmar about the victory, the number of those killed, and the number of Muslim casualties—naming those he knew—with Saʿd b. ʿUmayla al-Fazārī. ʿUmar had been asking wayfarers about the men of al-Qādisiyya from daybreak until midday, then he returned to his family and home. When he met the bearer of good tidings, he asked him whence he came, and he told him. He said: “O servant of God, tell me.” He said: “God has routed the polytheists.” ʿUmar trotted alongside him questioning him, while the other rode on without knowing him, until he entered Madinah and the people were greeting him as Commander of the Faithful. The bearer of good tidings said: “Would that you had told me—may God have mercy on you—that you are the Commander of the Faithful!” ʿUmar said: “No harm, my brother.” The Muslims stayed at al-Qādisiyya awaiting the arrival of the messenger. ʿUmar commanded the people to attend to their posts, set their affairs in order, and send reinforcements to them from the men of Syria who had witnessed al-Yarmūk and Damascus. The first of them arrived on the Day of Relief, and the last on the day after, the Day of Victory. They wrote to ʿUmar about them, asking him what should be decreed concerning the share of those who arrived with Nadhīr b. ʿAmr. This is the battle of al-Qādisiyya. We have mentioned that it was in the year fourteen. [Ibn Isḥāq said: It was in the year fifteen.] Al-Wāqidī said: In the year sixteen. Ibn Jarīr said: That is the sound view in our opinion.
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