Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1872

The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb

ابْتِدَاءِ أَمْرِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ   وَالْقَادِسِيَّةُ بَابُ فَارِسَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، وَهُوَ مَنْزِلٌ حَصِينٌ دُونَهُ قَنَاطِرُ وَأَنْهَارٌ مُمْتَنِعَةٌ لِمَا بَلَغَ عمر بن الخطاب قَتْلِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ يَوْمَ الْجِسْرِ، وَانْتِظَامِ شَمْلِ الْفُرْسِ، وَاجْتِمَاعِ أَمْرِهِمْ عَلَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ الَّذِي أَقَامُوهُ مِنْ بَيْتِ الْمَلِكِ، وَنَقْضِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ بِالْعِرَاقِ عُهُودَهُمْ، وَنَبْذِهِمُ الْمَوَاثِيقَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَآذَوُا الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَأَخْرَجُوا الْعُمَّالَ مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، أخذ يحث الناس ويحرضهم على جهاد أهل العراق وَقَدْ كَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى مَنْ هُنَالِكَ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ أَنْ يَتَبَرَّزُوا مِنْ بَيْنِ أَظْهُرِهِمْ إِلَى أَطْرَافِ الْبِلَادِ. قَالَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ: وَرَكِبَ عُمَرُ، ؓ وخَرَجَ فِي أَوَّلِ [يَوْمٍ مِنْ]] الْمُحَرَّمِ مِنْ سَنَةِ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى مَاءٍ يُدْعَى صِرَارًا، فَعَسْكَرَ بِهِ، وَلَا يَدْرِي النَّاسُ مَا يُرِيدُ أَيَسِيرُ أَمْ يُقِيمُ، وَكَانُوا إِذَا أَرَادُوا أَنْ يَسْأَلُوهُ عَنْ شَيْءٍ رَمَوْهُ بِعُثْمَانَ أَوْ بِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ هَذَانِ عَلَى عَمَلِ شَيْءٍ مِمَّا يُرِيدُ ثَلَّثُوا بِالْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَسَأَلَهُ عُثْمَانُ عَنْ سَبَبِ حَرَكَتِهِ، فَأَحْضَرَ النَّاسَ فَأَعْلَمَهُمُ الْخَبَرَ وَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ فِي الْمَسِيرِ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ، فَقَالَ الْعَامَّةُ: سِرْ وَسِرْ بِنَا مَعَكَ. فَدَخَلَ مَعَهُمْ فِي رَأْيِهِمْ وَقَالَ: اغْدُوا وَاسْتَعِدُّوا، فَإِنِّي سَائِرٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَجِيءَ رَأْيٌ هُوَ أَمْثَلُ مِنْ هَذَا. ثُمَّ جَمَعَ وُجُوهَ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، وَكَانَ اسْتَخْلَفَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فَأَتَاهُ، وَإِلَى طَلْحَةَ، وَكَانَ عَلَى الْمُقَدِّمَةِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ، وَإِلَى الزُّبَيْرِ وَعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، وَكَانَا عَلَى الْمُجَنِّبَتَيْنِ، فَحَضَرَا، ثُمَّ اسْتَشَارَهُمْ فَاجْتَمَعُوا عَلَى أَنْ يَبْعَثَ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيَرْمِيهِ بِالْجُنُودِ، فَإِنْ كَانَ الَّذِي يَشْتَهِي فَهُوَ الْفَتْحُ، وَإِلَّا أَعَادَ رَجُلًا وَبَعَثَ آخَرَ، فَفِي ذَلِكَ غَيْظُ الْعَدُوِّ فَجَمَعَ عُمَرُ النَّاسَ وَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنِّي كُنْتُ عَزَمْتُ عَلَى الْمَسِيرِ حَتَّى صَرَفَنِي ذَوُو الرَّأْيِ مِنْكُمْ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنْ أُقِيمَ وَأَبْعَثَ رَجُلًا، فَأَشِيرُوا عَلَيَّ بِرَجُلٍ. وَكَانَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ عَلَى صَدَقَاتِ هَوَازِنَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ بِانْتِخَابِ ذَوِي الرَّأْيِ وَالنَّجْدَةِ وَالسِّلَاحِ، فَجَاءَهُ كِتَابُ سَعْدٍ، وَعُمَرُ يَسْتَشِيرُ فِيمَنْ يَبْعَثُهُ، يَقُولُ: قَدِ انْتَخَبْتُ لَكَ أَلْفَ فَارِسٍ كُلُّهُمْ لَهُ نَجْدَةٌ وَرَأْيٌ وَصَاحِبُ حَيْطَةٍ يَحُوطُ حَرِيمَ قَوْمِهِ، إِلَيْهِمُ انْتَهَتْ أَحْسَابُهُمْ وَرَأْيُهُمْ. فَلَمَّا وَصَلَ كِتَابُهُ قَالُوا لِعُمَرَ: قَدْ وَجَدْتَهُ قَالَ: مَنْ هُوَ ؟ قَالُوا: الْأَسَدُ عَادِيًا سَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى قَوْلِهِمْ وَأَحْضَرَهُ، وَأَمَّرَهُ عَلَى حَرْبِ الْعِرَاقِ وصية عمر بن الخطاب لسعد بن أبي وقاص وَأَوْصَاهُ فَقَالَ: يَا سَعْدَ بَنِي وُهَيْبٍ، لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ مِنَ اللَّهِ أَنْ قِيلَ: خَالُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَصَاحِبُهُ. فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَمْحُو السَّيِّئَ بِالسَّيِّئِ  ، وَلَكِنْ يَمْحُو السَّيِّئَ بِالْحَسَنِ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَحَدٍ نَسَبٌ إِلَّا بِطَاعَتِهِ،  فَالنَّاسُ شَرِيفُهُمْ وَوَضِيعُهُمْ فِي ذَاتِ اللَّهِ سَوَاءٌ ; اللَّهُ رَبُّهُمْ، وَهُمْ عِبَادُهُ، يَتَفَاضَلُونَ بِالْعَافِيَةِ وَيُدْرِكُونَ مَا عِنْدَ اللَّهِ بِالطَّاعَةِ، فَانْظُرِ الْأَمْرَ الَّذِي رَأَيْتَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُنْذُ بُعِثَ إِلَى أَنْ فَارَقَنَا فَالْزَمْهُ ; فَإِنَّهُ الْأَمْرُ، هَذِهِ عِظَتِي إِيَّاكَ، إِنْ تَرَكْتَهَا وَرَغِبْتَ عَنْهَا حَبِطَ عَمَلُكَ وَكُنْتَ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ. وَلَمَّا أَرَادَ فِرَاقَهُ قَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ سَتُقْدِمُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ شَدِيدٍ، فَالصَّبْرَ الصَّبْرَ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَكَ وَنَابَكَ تُجْمَعْ لَكَ خَشْيَةُ اللَّهِ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ خَشْيَةَ اللَّهِ تَجْتَمِعُ فِي أَمْرَيْنِ ;  فِي طَاعَتِهِ وَاجْتِنَابِ مَعْصِيَتِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا طَاعَةُ مَنْ أَطَاعَهُ بِبُغْضِ الدُّنْيَا وَحُبِّ الْآخِرَةِ، وَإِنَّمَا عِصْيَانُ مَنْ عَصَاهُ بِحُبِّ الدُّنْيَا وَبُغْضِ الْآخِرَةِ، وَلِلْقُلُوبِ حَقَائِقُ يُنْشِئُهَا اللَّهُ  إِنْشَاءً، مِنْهَا السِّرُّ وَمِنْهَا الْعَلَانِيَةُ ; فَأَمَّا الْعَلَانِيَةُ فَأَنْ يَكُونَ حَامِدُهُ وَذَامُّهُ فِي الْحَقِّ سَوَاءً، وَأَمَّا السِّرُّ فَيُعْرَفُ بِظُهُورِ الْحِكْمَةِ مِنْ قَلْبِهِ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ، وَبِمَحِبَّةِ النَّاسِ، فَلَا تَزْهَدْ فِي التَّحَبُّبِ، فَإِنَّ النَّبِيِّينَ قَدْ سَأَلُوا مَحَبَّتَهُمْ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ إِذَا أَحَبَّ عَبْدًا حَبَّبَهُ،  وَإِذَا أَبْغَضَ عَبْدًا بَغَّضَهُ، فَاعْتَبِرْ مَنْزِلَتَكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ بِمَنْزِلَتِكَ عِنْدَ النَّاسِ. وَسَرَّحَهُ فِيمَنِ اجْتَمَعَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ نَفَرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَهُمْ أَرْبَعَةُ آلَافٍ، فِيهِمْ حُمَيْضَةُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ حُمَيْضَةَ عَلَى بَارِقٍ، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ، وَأَبُو سَبْرَةَ بْنُ ذُؤَيْبٍ عَلَى مَذْحِجٍ، وَيَزِيدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ الصُّدَائِيُّ عَلَى صُدَاءَ، وَحَبِيبُ وَمُسْلِيَةُ وَبِشْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْهِلَالِيُّ فِي قَيْسِ عَيْلَانَ وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ عُمَرُ، فَمَرَّ بِفِتْيَةٍ مِنَ السَّكُونِ مَعَ حُصَيْنِ بْنِ نُمَيْرٍ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُدَيْجٍ دُلَمٍ سِبَاطٍ، فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُمْ، فَقِيلَ لَهُ: مَا لَكَ وَهَؤُلَاءِ ؟ فَقَالَ: مَا مَرَّ بِي قَوْمٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ أَكْرَهُ إِلَيَّ مِنْهُمْ. ثُمَّ أَمْضَاهُمْ فَكَانَ بَعْدُ يُذَكِّرُهُمْ بِالْكَرَاهَةِ، فَكَانَ مِنْهُمْ سُودَانُ بْنُ حُمْرَانَ قَتَلَ عُثْمَانَ، وَابْنُ مُلْجِمٍ قَتَلَ عَلِيًّا، وَمُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ حُدَيْجٍ جَرَّدَ السَّيْفَ فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ، يُظْهِرُ الْأَخْذَ بِثَأْرِ عُثْمَانَ، وَحُصَيْنُ بْنُ نُمَيْرٍ كَانَ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ فِي قِتَالِ عَلِيٍّ. وَشَيَّعَهُمْ عُمَرُ مِنْ صِرَارٍ إِلَى الْأَعْوَصِ، وَقَامَ عُمَرُ فِي النَّاسِ خَطِيبًا هُنَالِكَ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ إِنَّمَا ضَرَبَ لَكُمُ الْأَمْثَالَ، وَصَرَفَ لَكُمُ الْقَوْلَ لِيُحْيِيَ بِهِ الْقُلُوبَ، فَإِنَّ الْقُلُوبَ مَيِّتَةٌ فِي صُدُورِهَا حَتَّى يُحْيِيَهَا اللَّهُ،  مَنْ عَلِمَ شَيْئًا فَلْيَنْتَفِعْ بِهِ، فَإِنَّ لِلْعَدْلِ أَمَارَاتٌ وَتَبَاشِيرُ ;  فَأَمَّا الْأَمَارَاتُ فَالْحَيَاءُ وَالسَّخَاءُ وَالْهَيْنُ وَاللَّيْنُ، وَأَمَّا التَّبَاشِيرُ فَالرَّحْمَةُ، وَقَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ لِكُلِّ أَمَرٍ بَابًا، وَيَسَّرَ لِكُلِّ بَابٍ مِفْتَاحًا ; فَبَابُ الْعَدْلِ الِاعْتِبَارُ، وَمِفْتَاحُهُ الزُّهْدُ، وَالِاعْتِبَارُ ذِكْرُ الْمَوْتِ  وَالِاسْتِعْدَادُ بِتَقْدِيمِ الْأَعْمَالِ، وَالزُّهْدُ أَخْذُ الْحَقِّ مِنْ كُلِّ أَحَدٍ قِبَلَهُ حَقٌّ وَالِاكْتِفَاءُ بِمَا يَكْفِيهِ مِنَ الْكَفَافِ، فَإِنَّ مَنْ لَمْ يَكْفِهِ الْكَفَافُ لَمْ يُغْنِهِ شَيْءٌ، إِنِّي بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَ اللَّهِ، وَلَيْسَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ أَحَدٌ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَلْزَمَنِي دَفْعَ الدُّعَاءِ عَنْهُ، فَأَنْهُوا شَكَاتَكُمْ إِلَيْنَا، فَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَإِلَى مَنْ يُبَلِّغُنَاهَا نَأْخُذْ لَهُ الْحَقَّ غَيْرَ مُتَعْتَعٍ إمداد عمر سعد بعد خروجه بالجنود وَأَمَدَّ عُمَرُ سَعْدًا بَعْدَ خُرُوجِهِ بِأَلْفَيْ يَمَانِيٍّ نَجْدِيٍّ، وَكَانَ الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ فِي ثَمَانِيَةِ آلَافٍ، وَسَارَ سَعْدٌ وَالْمُثَنَّى يَنْتَظِرُ قُدُومَهُ. وفاة المثنى ؓ وَلَمَّا انْتَهَى سَعْدٌ إِلَى نَهْرِ زَرُودَ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَجْتَمِعَ بِالْمُثَنَّى بْنِ حَارِثَةَ إِلَّا الْيَسِيرُ، وَكُلٌّ مِنْهُمَا مُشْتَاقٌ إِلَى صَاحِبِهِ، انْتَقَضَ جُرْحُ الْمُثَنَّى بْنِ حَارِثَةَ الَّذِي كَانَ جُرِحَهُ يَوْمَ الْجِسْرِ، فَمَاتَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ وَ ؓ. وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بَشِيرَ بْنَ الْخَصَاصِيَّةِ وَسَعْدٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِزَرُودَ، وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ مَعَهُ ثَمَانِيَةُ آلَافٍ، وَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ بَنِي أَسَدٍ أَنْ يَنْزِلُوا عَلَى حَدِّ أَرْضِهِمْ بَيْنَ الْحَزْنِ وَالْبَسِيطَةِ، فَنَزَلُوا فِي ثَلَاثَةِ آلَافٍ، وَسَارَ سَعْدٌ إِلَى شَرَافَ فَنَزَلَهَا، وَلَحِقَهُ بِهَا الْأَشْعَبُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ فِي أَلْفٍ وَسَبْعِمِائَةٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ، فَكَانَ جَمِيعُ مَنْ شَهِدَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ بِضْعَةً وَثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، وَجَمِيعُ مَنْ قُسِمَ عَلَيْهِ فَيْئُهَا نَحْوٌ مِنْ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا. وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ أَجْرَأَ عَلَى أَهْلِ فَارِسَ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ، فَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ يُسَمُّونَهُمْ رَبِيعَةَ الْأَسَدِ إِلَى رَبِيعَةِ الْفَرَسِ، وَلَمْ يَدَعْ عُمَرُ ذَا رَأْيٍ وَلَا شَرَفٍ وَلَا خَطِيبًا وَلَا شَاعِرًا وَلَا وَجِيهًا مِنْ وُجُوهِ النَّاسِ إِلَّا سَيَّرَهُ إِلَى سَعْدٍ. وَجَمَعَ سَعْدٌ مَنْ كَانَ بِالْعِرَاقِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْ عَسْكَرِ الْمُثَنَّى، فَاجْتَمَعَ بِشَرَافَ، فَعَبَّأَهُمْ وَأَمَّرَ الْأُمَرَاءَ، وَعَرَّفَ عَلَى كُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ عَرِيفًا، وَجَعَلَ عَلَى الرَّايَاتِ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَهْلِ السَّابِقَةِ، وَوَلَّى الْحُرُوبَ رِجَالًا عَلَى سَاقَتِهَا وَمُقَدِّمَتِهَا وَرَجْلِهَا وَطَلَائِعِهَا وَمُجَنِّبَاتِهَا، وَلَمْ يَفْصِلْ إِلَّا بِكِتَابِ عُمَرَ، فَجَعَلَ عَلَى الْمُقَدِّمَةِ زُهْرَةَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ بْنِ الْحَوِيَّةِ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَى الْعُذَيْبِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَعَلَ عَلَى الْمَيْمَنَةِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ الْمُعْتَمِّ، وَكَانَ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ أَيْضًا، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ شُرَحْبِيلَ بْنَ السِّمْطِ الْكِنْدِيَّ، وَجَعَلَ خَلِيفَتَهُ خَالِدَ بْنَ عُرْفُطَةَ حَلِيفَ بَنِي عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَجَعَلَ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو التَّمِيمِيَّ عَلَى السَّاقَةِ، وَسَوَادَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ التَّمِيمِيَّ عَلَى الطَّلَائِعِ، وَسَلْمَانَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيَّ عَلَى الْمُجَرَّدَةِ، وَعَلَى الرَّجَّالَةِ حَمَّالَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ الْأَسَدِيَّ، وَعَلَى الرُّكْبَانِ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ ذِي السَّهْمَيْنِ الْخَثْعَمِيَّ، وَجَعَلَ عُمَرُ عَلَى الْقَضَاءِ بَيْنَهُمْ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ الْبَاهِلِيَّ، وَعَلَى قِسْمَةِ الْفَيْءِ أَيْضًا، وَجَعَلَ رَائِدَهُمْ وَدَاعِيَتَهُمْ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيَّ، وَالْكَاتِبَ زِيَادَ بْنَ أَبِيهِ. وَقَدِمَ الْمُعَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ وَسَلْمَى بِنْتُ خَصَفَةَ زَوْجُ الْمُثَنَّى بِشَرَافَ، وَكَانَ الْمُعَنَّى بَعْدَ مَوْتِ أَخِيهِ قَدْ سَارَ إِلَى قَابُوسَ بْنِ قَابُوسَ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ قَدْ بَعَثَهُ إِلَيْهَا الْفُرْسُ يَسْتَنْفِرُ الْعَرَبَ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُعَنَّى فَقَفَلَهُ فَأَنَامَهُ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى ذِي قَارٍ، وَسَارَ إِلَى سَعْدٍ يُعْلِمُهُ بِرَأْيِ الْمُثَنَّى لَهُ وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ، يَأْمُرُهُمْ أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوا الْفُرْسَ عَلَى حُدُودِ أَرْضِهِمْ عَلَى أَدْنَى حَجَرٍ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْعَرَبِ، وَلَا يُقَاتِلُوهُمْ بِعُقْرِ دَارِهِمْ، فَإِنْ يُظْهِرِ اللَّهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلَهُمْ مَا وَرَاءَهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْأُخْرَى رَجَعُوا إِلَى فِئَةٍ ثُمَّ يَكُونُوا أَعْلَمَ بِسَبِيلِهِمْ، وَأَجْرَأَ عَلَى أَرْضِهِمْ، إِلَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ اللَّهُ الْكَرَّةَ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَتَرَحَّمَ سَعْدٌ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ عَلَى الْمُثَنَّى، وَجَعَلَ الْمُعَنَّى عَلَى عَمَلِهِ وَأَوْصَى بِأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ خَيْرًا، زواج سعد سلمى زوج المثنى ثُمَّ تَزَوَّجَ سَعْدٌ سَلْمَى زَوْجَ الْمُثَنَّى، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ تِسْعَةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ بَدْرِيًّا، وَثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَبِضْعَةَ عَشَرَ مِمَّنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ صُحْبَةٌ فِيمَا بَيْنَ بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ إِلَى مَا فَوْقَ ذَلِكَ، وَثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ الْفَتْحَ، وَسَبْعُمِائَةٍ مِنْ أَبْنَاءِ الصَّحَابَةِ. وَقَدِمَ عَلَى سَعْدٍ كِتَابُ عُمَرَ بِمِثْلِ رَأْيِ الْمُثَنَّى، وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ أَيْضًا إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ لِيَصْرِفَ أَهْلَ الْعِرَاقِ وَمَنِ اخْتَارَ أَنْ يَلْحَقَ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ. وَكَانَ لِلْفُرْسِ رَابِطَةٌ بِقَصْرِ ابْنِ مُقَاتِلٍ، عَلَيْهَا النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ قَبِيصَةَ الطَّائِيُّ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّ قَبِيصَةَ بْنِ إِيَاسٍ صَاحِبِ الْحِيرَةِ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِمَجِيءِ سَعْدٍ سَأَلَ عَنْهُ وَعِنْدَهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانِ بْنِ خُزَيْمٍ الْأَسَدِيُّ، فَقِيلَ: رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، فَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَأُحَادَّنَّهُ الْقِتَالَ، فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا عَبِيدُ مَنْ غَلَبَ، وَاللَّهِ لَا يَخْرُجُونَ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمْ إِلَّا بِخُفَّيْنِ ! فَغَضِبَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سِنَانٍ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ وَأَمْهَلَهُ حَتَّى دَخَلَ قُبَّتَهُ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَلَحِقَ بِسَعْدٍ وَأَسْلَمَ. وَسَارَ سَعْدٌ مِنْ شَرَافَ فَنَزَلَ الْعُذَيْبَ، ثُمَّ سَارَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ بَيْنَ الْعَتِيقِ وَالْخَنْدَقِ بِحِيَالِ الْقَنْطَرَةِ، وَقُدَيْسٍ أَسْفَلَ مِنْهَا بِمِيلٍ. وَكَتَبَ عُمَرُ إِلَى سَعْدٍ: إِنِّي أُلْقِيَ فِي رُوعِي أَنَّكُمْ إِذَا لَقِيتُمُ الْعَدُوَّ هَزَمْتُمُوهُمْ، فَمَتَى لَاعَبَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدًا مِنَ الْعَجَمِ بِأَمَانٍ أَوْ بِإِشَارَةٍ أَوْ بِلِسَانٍ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ أَمَانًا - فَأَجْرُوا لَهُ ذَلِكَ مَجْرَى الْأَمَانِ وَالْوَفَاءِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْخَطَأَ بِالْوَفَاءِ بَقِيَّةٌ، وَإِنَّ الْخَطَأَ بِالْغَدْرِ هَلَكَةٌ، وَفِيهَا وَهْنُكُمْ وَقُوَّةُ عَدُوِّكُمْ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ زُهْرَةُ فِي الْمُقَدِّمَةِ وَأَمْسَى بَعَثَ سَرِيَّةً فِي ثَلَاثِينَ مَعْرُوفِينَ بِالنَّجْدَةِ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالْغَارَةِ عَلَى الْحِيرَةِ، فَلَمَّا جَازُوا السَّيْلَحِينَ سَمِعُوا جَلَبَةً، فَمَكَثُوا حَتَّى حَاذُوهُمْ، وَإِذَا أُخْتُ آزَادُمَرْدَ بْنِ آزَاذَبَهْ مَرْزُبَانِ الْحِيرَةِ تُزَفُّ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الصِّنَّيْنِ، وَهُوَ مِنْ أَشْرَافِ الْعَجَمِ، فَحَمَلَ بُكَيْرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ اللَّيْثِيُّ أَمِيرُ السَّرِيَّةِ عَلَى شِيرَزَادَ بْنِ آزَاذَبَهْ فَدَقَّ صُلْبَهُ، وَطَارَتِ الْخَيْلُ عَلَى وُجُوهِهَا، وَأَخَذُوا الْأَثْقَالَ وَابْنَةَ آزَاذَبَهْ فِي ثَلَاثِينَ امْرَأً مِنْ الدَّهَاقِينِ وَمِائَةٍ مِنَ التَّوَابِعِ، وَمَعَهُمْ مَا لَا يُدْرَى قِيمَتُهُ، فَاسْتَاقَ ذَلِكَ وَرَجَعَ فَصَبَّحَ سَعْدًا بِعُذَيْبِ الْهِجَانَاتِ، فَقَسَّمَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَتَرَكَ الْحَرِيمَ بِالْعُذَيْبِ وَمَعَهَا خَيْلٌ تَحُوطُهَا، وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَالِبَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ اللَّيْثِيَّ. نزول سعد بالقادسية وَنَزَلَ سَعْدٌ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ وَأَقَامَ بِهَا شَهْرًا لَمْ يَأْتِهِ مِنَ الْفُرْسِ أَحَدٌ، فَأَرْسَلَ سَعْدٌ عَاصِمَ بْنَ عَمْرٍو إِلَى مَيْسَانَ، فَطَلَبَ غَنَمًا أَوْ بَقَرًا فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهَا، وَتَحَصَّنَ مِنْهُ مَنْ هُنَاكَ، فَأَصَابَ عَاصِمٌ رَجُلًا بِجَانِبِ أَجَمَةٍ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْبَقَرِ وَالْغَنَمِ، فَقَالَ: مَا أَعْلَمُ. فَصَاحَ ثَوْرٌ مِنَ الْأَجَمَةِ: كَذَبَ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ، هَا نَحْنُ ! فَدَخَلَ فَاسْتَاقَ الْبَقَرَ فَأَتَى بِهَا الْعَسْكَرَ، فَقَسَّمَهُ سَعْدٌ عَلَى النَّاسِ، فَأَخْصَبُوا أَيَّامًا، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْحَجَّاجَ فِي زَمَانِهِ فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى جَمَاعَةٍ فَسَأَلَهُمْ، فَشَهِدُوا أَنَّهُمْ سَمِعُوا ذَلِكَ وَشَاهَدُوهُ، فَقَالَ: كَذَبْتُمْ. قَالُوا: ذَلِكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ شَهِدْتَهَا وَغِبْنَا عَنْهَا. قَالَ: صَدَقْتُمْ، فَمَا كَانَ النَّاسُ يَقُولُونَ فِي ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالُوا: وَإِنَّهُ يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهَا عَلَى رِضَى اللَّهِ وَفَتْحِ عَدُوِّنَا، فَقَالَ: مَا يَكُونُ هَذَا إِلَّا وَالْجَمْعُ أَبْرَارٌ أَتْقِيَاءُ. قَالُوا: مَا نَدْرِي مَا أَجَنَّتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ، فَأَمَّا مَا رَأَيْنَا فَمَا رَأَيْنَا قَطُّ أَزْهَدَ فِي دُنْيَا مِنْهُمْ، وَلَا أَشَدَّ بُغْضًا لَهَا، لَيْسَ فِيهِمْ جَبَانٌ وَلَا غَارٌّ وَلَا غَدَّارٌ. وَذَلِكَ يَوْمَ الْأَبَاقِرِ. بث سعد الغارات بين كسكر والأنبار وَبَثَّ سَعْدٌ الْغَارَاتِ وَالنَّهْبَ بَيْنَ كَسْكَرَ وَالْأَنْبَارِ، فَحَوَوْا مِنَ الْأَطْعِمَةِ مَا اسْتَكْفَوْا بِهِ زَمَانًا، وَكَانَ بَيْنَ نُزُولِ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ الْعِرَاقَ وَبَيْنَ نُزُولِ سَعْدٍ الْقَادِسِيَّةَ وَالْفَرَاغِ مِنْهَا سَنَتَانِ وَشَيْءٌ، وَكَانَ مُقَامُ سَعْدٍ بِالْقَادِسِيَّةِ شَهْرَيْنِ وَشَيْئًا حَتَّى ظَفِرَ. فَاسْتَغَاثَ أَهْلُ السَّوَادِ إِلَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ، وَأَعْلَمُوهُ أَنَّ الْعَرَبَ قَدْ نَزَلُوا الْقَادِسِيَّةَ وَلَا يَبْقَى عَلَى فِعْلِهِمْ شَيْءٌ، وَقَدْ أَخْرَبُوا مَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْفُرَاتِ، وَنَهَبُوا الدَّوَابَّ وَالْأَطْعِمَةَ، وَإِنْ أَبْطَأَ الْغِيَاثُ أَعْطَيْنَاهُمْ بِأَيْدِينَا، وَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِينَ لَهُمُ الضِّيَاعُ بِالطَّفِّ، وَهَيَّجُوهُ عَلَى إِرْسَالِ الْجُنُودِ، فَأَرْسَلَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ إِلَى رُسْتُمَ، فَدَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنَّ أُوَجِّهَكَ فِي هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، فَأَنْتَ رَجُلُ فَارِسَ الْيَوْمَ، وَقَدْ تَرَى مَا حَلَّ بِالْفُرْسِ مِمَّا لَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ مِثْلُهُ. فَأَظْهَرَ لَهُ الْإِجَابَةَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: دَعْنِي، فَإِنَّ الْعَرَبَ لَا تَزَالُ تَهَابُ الْعَجَمَ مَا لَمْ تَضْرِبْهُمْ بِي، وَلَعَلَّ الدَّوْلَةَ أَنْ تَثْبُتَ بِي إِذَا لَمْ أَحْضُرِ الْحَرْبَ، فَيَكُونُ اللَّهُ قَدْ كَفَى، وَنَكُونُ قَدْ أَصَبْنَا الْمَكِيدَةَ، وَالرَّأْيُ فِي الْحَرْبِ أَنْفَعُ مِنْ بَعْضِ الظَّفَرِ، وَالْأَنَاةُ خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْعَجَلَةِ، وَقِتَالُ جَيْشٍ بَعْدَ جَيْشٍ أَمْثَلُ مِنْ هَزِيمَةٍ بِمَرَّةٍ وَأَشَدُّ عَلَى عَدُوِّنَا. فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِ، وَأَعَادَ رُسْتُمُ كَلَامَهُ وَقَالَ: قَدِ اضْطَرَّنِي تَضْيِيعُ الرَّأْيِ إِلَى إِعْظَامِ نَفْسِي وَتَزْكِيَتِهَا، وَلَوْ أَجِدُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بُدًّا لَمْ أَتَكَلَّمْ بِهِ، فَأَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ فِي نَفْسِكَ وَمُلْكِكَ دَعْنِي أَقِمْ بِعَسْكَرِي وَأُسَرِّحِ الْجَالِينُوسَ، فَإِنْ تَكُنْ لَنَا فَذَلِكَ، وَإِلَّا بَعَثْنَا غَيْرَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا لَمْ نَجِدْ بُدًّا صَبَرْنَا لَهُمْ وَقَدْ وَهَّنَّاهُمْ وَنَحْنُ جَامُّونَ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَزَالُ مَرْجُوًّا فِي أَهْلِ فَارِسَ مَا لَمْ أُهْزَمْ. فَأَبَى إِلَّا أَنْ يَسِيرَ، فَخَرَجَ حَتَّى ضَرَبَ عَسْكَرَهُ بِسَابَاطَ، وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى الْمَلِكِ لِيُعْفِيَهُ فَأَبَى. وَجَاءَتِ الْأَخْبَارُ إِلَى سَعْدٍ بِذَلِكَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ عُمَرُ: لَا يَكْرُبَنَّكَ مَا يَأْتِيكَ عَنْهُمْ، وَاسْتَعِنْ بِاللَّهِ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَيْهِ، وَابْعَثْ إِلَيْهِ رِجَالًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمُنَاظَرَةِ وَالرَّأْيِ وَالْجَلَدِ يَدْعُونَهُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ جَاعِلٌ دُعَاءَهُمْ تَوْهِينًا لَهُمْ. بعث سعد رسلا إلى يزدجرد فَأَرْسَلَ سَعْدٌ نَفَرًا، مِنْهُمْ: النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ مُقَرِّنٍ، وَبُسْرُ بْنُ أَبِي رُهْمٍ، وَحَمَلَةُ بْنُ حَوِيَّةَ، وَحَنْظَلَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، وَفُرَاتُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ، وَعَدِيُّ بْنُ سُهَيْلٍ، وَعُطَارِدُ بْنُ حَاجِبٍ، وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ بْنِ النَّبَّاشِ الْأَسَدِيُّ، وَالْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ بْنُ حَسَّانَ، وَعَاصِمُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَعَمْرُو بْنُ مَعْدِي كَرِبَ، وَالْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ، وَالْمُعَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ - إِلَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ دُعَاةً، فَخَرَجُوا مِنَ الْعَسْكَرِ فَقَدِمُوا عَلَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ، وَطَوَوْا رُسْتُمَ وَاسْتَأْذَنُوا عَلَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ فَحُبِسُوا، وَأَحْضَرَ وُزَرَاءَهُ وَرُسْتُمَ مَعَهُمْ، وَاسْتَشَارَهُمْ فِيمَا يَصْنَعُ وَيَقُولُهُ لَهُمْ. وَاجْتَمَعَ النَّاسُ يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَتَحْتَهُمْ خُيُولٌ كُلُّهَا صُهَّالٌ، وَعَلَيْهِمُ الْبُرُودُ وَبِأَيْدِيهِمُ السِّيَاطُ، فَأَذِنَ لَهُمْ، وَأَحْضَرَ التُّرْجُمَانَ وَقَالَ لَهُ: سَلْهُمْ مَا جَاءَ بِكُمْ وَمَا دَعَاكُمْ إِلَى غَزْوِنَا وَالْوَلُوعِ بِبِلَادِنَا ؟ أَمِنْ أَجْلِ أَنَّنَا تَشَاغَلْنَا عَنْكُمُ اجْتَرَأْتُمْ عَلَيْنَا ؟ فَقَالَ النُّعْمَانُ بْنُ مُقَرِّنٍ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: إِنْ شِئْتُمْ تَكَلَّمْتُ عَنْكُمْ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ آثَرْتُهُ. فَقَالُوا: بَلْ تَكَلَّمْ. فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ رَحِمَنَا فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْنَا رَسُولًا يَأْمُرُنَا بِالْخَيْرِ وَيَنْهَانَا عَنِ الشَّرِّ، وَوَعَدَنَا عَلَى إِجَابَتِهِ خَيْرَ الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ، فَلَمْ يَدْعُ قَبِيلَةً إِلَّا وَقَارَبَهُ مِنْهَا فِرْقَةٌ وَتَبَاعَدَ عَنْهُ بِهَا فِرْقَةٌ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَ أَنْ يَنْبِذَ إِلَى مَنْ خَالَفَهُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، فَبَدَأَ بِهِمْ، فَدَخَلُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى وَجْهَيْنِ: مُكْرَهٌ عَلَيْهِ فَاغْتَبَطَ، وَطَائِعٌ أَتَاهُ فَازْدَادَ، فَعَرَفْنَا جَمِيعًا فَضْلَ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ عَلَى الَّذِي كُنَّا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْعَدَاوَةِ وَالضِّيقِ، ثُمَّ أَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَبْدَأَ بِمَنْ يَلِينَا مِنَ الْأُمَمِ فَنَدْعُوَهُمْ إِلَى الْإِنْصَافِ، فَنَحْنُ نَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى دِينِنَا، وَهُوَ دِينٌ حَسَّنَ الْحَسَنَ وَقَبَّحَ الْقَبِيحَ كُلَّهُ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ فَأَمْرٌ مِنَ الشَّرِّ هُوَ أَهْوَنُ مِنْ آخَرَ شَرٌّ مِنْهُ: الْجِزْيَةُ، فَإِنْ أَبَيْتُمْ فَالْمُنَاجَزَةُ، فَإِنْ أَجَبْتُمْ إِلَى دِينِنَا خَلَّفْنَا فِيكُمْ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَأَقَمْنَا عَلَى أَنْ تَحْكُمُوا بِأَحْكَامِهِ، وَنَرْجِعُ عَنْكُمْ وَشَأْنُكُمْ وَبِلَادَكُمْ، وَإِنْ بَذَلْتُمُ الْجَزَاءَ قَبِلْنَا وَمَنَعْنَاكُمْ، وَإِلَّا قَاتَلْنَاكُمْ. فَتَكَلَّمَ يَزْدَجِرْدُ فَقَالَ: إِنِّي لَا أَعْلَمُ فِي الْأَرْضِ أُمَّةً أَشْقَى وَلَا أَقَلَّ عَدَدًا وَلَا أَسْوَأَ ذَاتَ بَيْنٍ مِنْكُمْ، قَدْ كُنَّا نُوكِلُ بِكُمْ قُرَى الضَّوَاحِي فَيَكْفُونَنَا أَمْرَكُمْ، وَلَا تَطْمَعُوا أَنْ تَقُومُوا لِفَارِسٍ، فَإِنْ كَانَ غَرَرٌ لَحِقَكُمْ فَلَا يَغُرَنَّكُمْ مِنَّا، وَإِنْ كَانَ الْجُهْدُ فَرَضْنَا لَكُمْ قُوتًا إِلَى خِصْبِكُمْ، وَأَكْرَمْنَا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَكَسَوْنَاكُمْ، وَمَلَّكْنَا عَلَيْكُمْ مَلِكًا يَرْفُقُ بِكُمْ. فَأَسْكَتَ الْقَوْمَ، فَقَامَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ زُرَارَةَ فَقَالَ: أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ، إِنَّ هَؤُلَاءِ رُءُوسُ الْعَرَبِ وَوُجُوهُهُمْ، وَهُمْ أَشْرَافٌ يَسْتَحْيُونَ مِنَ الْأَشْرَافِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُكْرِمُ الْأَشْرَافَ وَيُعَظِّمُ حَقَّهُمُ الْأَشْرَافُ، وَلَيْسَ كُلُّ مَا أُرْسِلُوا بِهِ قَالُوهُ، وَلَا كُلُّ مَا تَكَلَّمْتَ بِهِ أَجَابُوكَ عَلَيْهِ، فَجَاوِبْنِي لِأَكُونَ الَّذِي أُبْلِغُكَ وَهُمْ يَشْهَدُونَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ لِي، فَأَمَّا مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ سُوءِ الْحَالِ فَهِيَ عَلَى مَا وَصَفْتَ وَأَشَدُّ. ثُمَّ ذَكَرَ مِنْ سُوءِ عَيْشِ الْعَرَبِ وَإِرْسَالِ اللَّهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ نَحْوَ قَوْلِ النُّعْمَانِ، وَقِتَالِ مَنْ خَالَفَهُمْ أَوِ الْجِزْيَةِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ: اخْتَرْ إِنْ شِئْتَ الْجِزْيَةَ عَنْ يَدٍ وَأَنْتَ صَاغِرٌ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ فَالسَّيْفُ، أَوْ تُسْلِمُ فَتُنْجِي نَفْسَكَ. فَقَالَ: لَوْلَا أَنَّ الرُّسُلَ لَا تُقْتَلُ لَقَتَلْتُكُمْ ! لَا شَيْءَ لَكُمْ عِنْدِي. ثُمَّ اسْتَدْعَى بِوِقْرٍ مِنْ تُرَابٍ فَقَالَ: احْمِلُوهُ عَلَى أَشْرَافِ هَؤُلَاءِ، ثُمَّ سُوقُوهُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ مِنْ بَابِ الْمَدَائِنِ، ارْجِعُوا إِلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ فَأَعْلِمُوهُ أَنِّي مُرْسِلٌ إِلَيْهِ رُسْتُمَ حَتَّى يَدْفِنَهُ وَيَدْفِنَكُمْ مَعَهُ فِي خَنْدَقِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ أُورِدُهُ بِلَادَكُمْ حَتَّى أُشْغِلَكُمْ بِأَنْفُسِكُمْ بِأَشَدَّ مِمَّا نَالَكُمْ مِنْ سَابُورَ. فَقَامَ عَاصِمُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو لِيَأْخُذَ التُّرَابَ وَقَالَ: أَنَا أَشْرَفُهُمْ، أَنَا سَيِّدُ هَؤُلَاءِ. فَحَمَلَهُ عَلَى عُنُقِهِ وَخَرَجَ إِلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَرَكِبَهَا، وَأَخَذَ التُّرَابَ وَقَالَ لِسَعْدٍ: أَبْشِرْ فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أَعْطَانَا اللَّهُ أَقَالِيدَ مُلْكِهِمْ. وَاشْتَدَّ ذَلِكَ عَلَى جُلَسَاءِ الْمَلِكِ، وَقَالَ الْمَلِكُ لِرُسْتُمَ، وَقَدْ حَضَرَ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ سَابَاطَ: مَا كُنْتُ أَرَى أَنَّ فِي الْعَرَبِ مِثْلَ هَؤُلَاءِ، مَا أَنْتُمْ بِأَحْسَنَ جَوَابًا مِنْهُمْ، وَلَقَدْ صَدَقَنِي الْقَوْمُ، لَقَدْ وُعِدُوا أَمْرًا لَيُدْرِكُنَّهُ أَوْ لَيَمُوتُنَّ عَلَيْهِ، عَلَى أَنِّي وَجَدْتُ أَفْضَلَهُمْ أَحْمَقَهُمْ حَيْثُ حَمَلَ التُّرَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ. فَقَالَ رُسْتُمُ: أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ، إِنَّهُ أَعْقَلُهُمْ. وَتَطَيَّرَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ وَأَبْصَرَهَا دُونَ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَخَرَجَ رُسْتُمُ مِنْ عِنْدِ الْمَلِكِ غَضْبَانَ كَئِيبًا، وَبَعَثَ فِي أَثَرِ الْوَفْدِ وَقَالَ لِثِقَتِهِ: إِنْ أَدْرَكَهُمُ الرَّسُولُ تَلَافَيْنَا أَرْضَنَا، وَإِنْ أَعْجَزَهُ سَلَبَكُمُ اللَّهُ أَرْضَكُمْ، فَرَجَعَ الرَّسُولُ مِنَ الْحِيرَةِ بِفَوَاتِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: ذَهَبَ الْقَوْمُ بِأَرْضِكُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَكٍّ. وَكَانَ مُنَجِّمًا كَاهِنًا. إغارة سواد بن مالك التميمي على النجاف والفراض وَأَغَارَ سَوَادُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ التَّمِيمِيُّ بَعْدَ مَسِيرِ الْوَفْدِ إِلَى يَزْدَجِرْدَ عَلَى النِّجَافِ وَالْفِرَاضِ، فَاسْتَاقَ دَابَّةً مِنْ بَيْنِ بَغْلٍ وَحِمَارٍ وَثَوْرٍ وَأَوْقَرَهَا سُمْكًا، وَصَبَّحَ الْعَسْكَرَ، فَقَسَمَهُ سَعْدٌ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ، وَهَذَا يَوْمُ الْحِيتَانِ  ، وَكَانَتِ السَّرَايَا تَسْرِي لِطَلَبِ اللُّحُومِ، فَإِنَّ الطَّعَامَ كَانَ كَثِيرًا عِنْدَهُمْ، فَكَانُوا يُسَمُّونَ الْأَيَّامَ بِهَا: يَوْمُ الْأَبَاقِرِ وَيَوْمُ الْحِيتَانِ. وَبَعَثَ سَعْدٌ سَرِيَّةً أُخْرَى فَأَغَارُوا فَأَصَابُوا إِبِلًا لِبَنِي تَغْلِبَ وَالنَّمِرِ وَاسْتَاقُوهَا وَمَنْ فِيهَا، فَنَحَرَ سَعْدٌ الْإِبِلَ وَقَسَمَهَا فِي النَّاسِ فَأَخْصَبُوا، وَأَغَارَ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحَارِثِ عَلَى النَّهْرَيْنِ فَاسْتَاقَ مَوَاشِيَ كَثِيرَةً وَعَادَ. وَسَارَ رُسْتُمُ مِنْ سَابَاطَ، وَجَمَعَ آلَةَ الْحَرْبِ وَبَعَثَ عَلَى مُقَدِّمَتِهِ الْجَالِينُوسَ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفًا، وَخَرَجَ هُوَ فِي سِتِّينَ أَلْفًا، وَفِي سَاقَتِهِ عِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا، وَجَعَلَ فِي مَيْمَنَتِهِ الْهُرْمُزَانَ، وَعَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ مِهْرَانَ بْنَ بَهْرَامَ الرَّازِيَّ، وَقَالَ رُسْتُمُ لِلْمَلِكِ يُشَجِّعُهُ بِذَلِكَ: إِنْ فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا الْقَوْمَ فَتَوَجَّهْنَا إِلَى مِلْكِهِمْ فِي دَارِهِمْ حَتَّى نُشْغِلَهُمْ فِي أَصْلِهِمْ وَبِلَادِهِمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَقْبَلُوا الْمُسَالَمَةَ.

Translation

✧ The Beginning of the Affair of al-Qādisiyya Al-Qādisiyya was the gateway to Persia in the Jāhiliyya. It was a fortified station, before which lay arched bridges and impassable rivers. When ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb learned of the killing of Abū ʿUbayd on the Day of the Bridge, the rallying of the Persians, their unification behind Yazdegerd—whom they had installed from the royal house—and the breach of their covenants by the dhimmīs of Iraq, their casting off the treaties that had bound them, their harming of the Muslims, and their expulsion of the governors from among them, he began urging and inciting the people to fight the people of Iraq. ʿUmar wrote to the army that was there, commanding them to move out from among them to the frontiers of the land. Ibn Jarīr, may God have mercy on him, said: ʿUmar ؓ mounted and set out on the first day of Muḥarram in the year fourteen. He halted at a watering place called Ṣirār and encamped there. The people did not know what he intended—whether he would march or stay. When they wanted to ask him about something, they would accost him through ʿUthmān or ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf. If these two failed to accomplish what they wanted, they would resort to al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. ʿUthmān asked him about the reason for his movement, so he assembled the people, informed them of the news, and consulted them about marching to Iraq. The common people said: "March, and take us with you." He went along with their opinion and said: "Go early and prepare, for I am going to march unless a better opinion than this comes." Then he gathered the leading Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ and sent for ʿAlī—whom he had left as his deputy over Madinah—and he came to him; and for Ṭalḥa—who was in charge of the vanguard—and he returned to him; and for al-Zubayr and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān—who were over the two wings—and they attended. Then he consulted them, and they agreed that he should send a man from among the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ and reinforce him with the armies. If the outcome was what he desired, that would be victory; otherwise, he would recall that man and send another. In that lay vexation for the enemy. ʿUmar gathered the people and said to them: "I had resolved to march until the men of sound judgment among you turned me from it. Now I have decided to stay and send a man. So advise me about a man." Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ was in charge of the alms of Hawāzin. ʿUmar wrote to him, ordering him to select men of judgment, valor, and arms. Saʿd's letter came to ʿUmar while he was consulting about whom to send. It said: "I have selected for you a thousand horsemen, all of them possessed of valor and judgment, each a defender who protects the inviolable sanctity of his people. Their noble lineages and judgment are the ultimate." When his letter arrived, they said to ʿUmar: "You have found him." He said: "Who is he?" They said: "The attacking lion: Saʿd b. Mālik." He adopted their opinion, summoned him, and gave him command over the war in Iraq. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb's Charge to Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ He charged him, saying: "O Saʿd of Banū Wuhayb, let it not deceive you before God that it is said: 'the maternal uncle of the Messenger of God ﷺ and his Companion.' For God does not erase an evil deed with an evil deed, but He erases an evil deed with a good deed. Indeed, God has no kinship with anyone except through obedience to Him. All people, high and low, are equal before God. God is their Lord and they are His servants. They excel one another by well-being and attain what is with God through obedience. So look to the matter which you saw the Messenger of God ﷺ practice from the time he was sent until he departed from us, and cling to it. For that is the matter. This is my admonition to you. If you abandon it and turn away from it, your deeds will be void and you will be among the losers." When he was about to part from him, he said to him: "You will come upon a severe affair, so patience, patience with whatever befalls and afflicts you, that the fear of God may be gathered for you. Know that the fear of God is gathered in two things: in obeying Him and avoiding disobedience to Him. Obedience to Him is attained by those who obey Him through hatred of this world and love of the Hereafter. Disobedience to Him is incurred by those who disobey Him through love of this world and hatred of the Hereafter. Hearts have realities that God creates. Among them are the secret and the open. As for the open, it is that one's praiser and one's blamer be equal to him in truth. As for the secret, it is known by the appearance of wisdom from his heart upon his tongue and by the love of the people. So do not disdain winning love, for the prophets sought people's love. When God loves a servant, He makes people love him, and when He hates a servant, He makes people hate him. So gauge your standing with God by your standing with the people." And he dispatched him with those of the Muslims who had gathered to him—they were four thousand. Among them were Ḥumayḍa b. al-Nuʿmān b. Ḥumayḍa over Bāriq, ʿAmr b. Maʿdī Karib, Abū Sabra b. Dhuʾayb over Madhḥij, Yazīd b. al-Ḥārith al-Ṣudāʾī over Ṣudāʾ, Ḥabīb and Musliya, and Bishr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Hilālī over Qays ʿAylān. ʿUmar went out to them and passed by a band of youths from al-Sakūn under Ḥuṣayn b. Numayr and Muʿāwiya b. Ḥudayj—lanky, beardless youths. He turned away from them. It was said to him: "What is the matter with you and these?" He said: "No people of the Arabs have passed by me more hateful to me than they." Then he let them go, and afterwards he would recall them with aversion. Among them were Sūdān b. Ḥumrān, who killed ʿUthmān; Ibn Muljim, who killed ʿAlī; Muʿāwiya b. Ḥudayj, who drew the sword against the Muslims, claiming to avenge ʿUthmān; and Ḥuṣayn b. Numayr, who was among the fiercest of people in fighting ʿAlī. ʿUmar escorted them from Ṣirār to al-Aʿwaṣ. ʿUmar stood among the people as a preacher there and said: "God has struck parables for you and turned the word for you so that He may quicken hearts thereby. For hearts are dead within their breasts until God quickens them. Whoever knows a thing, let him benefit from it. Justice has signs and glad tidings. As for the signs, they are modesty, generosity, gentleness, and leniency. As for the glad tidings, they are mercy. God has appointed a gate for every matter and made a key for every gate. The gate of justice is reflection, and its key is renunciation. Reflection is remembrance of death and preparation by sending deeds ahead. Renunciation is taking what is right from everyone who owes a right and being content with what suffices of bare subsistence. For whoever is not content with bare subsistence, nothing will enrich him. I stand between you and God, and there is no one between me and Him. God has made it incumbent upon me to repel supplication from Him. So bring your complaints to us. Whoever cannot do so, then to one who will convey them to us; we will take his right for him without hesitation. ʿUmar's Reinforcement of Saʿd after His Departure with Troops ʿUmar reinforced Saʿd after his departure with two thousand Yemenis and Najdīs. Al-Muthannā b. Ḥāritha was with eight thousand, and Saʿd marched while al-Muthannā awaited his arrival. The Death of al-Muthannā ؓ When Saʿd reached the river Zarūd, and only a little remained before he would meet al-Muthannā b. Ḥāritha—each of them longing for his companion—the wound of al-Muthannā b. Ḥāritha, which he had received on the Day of the Bridge, broke open, and he died—may God have mercy on him and be pleased with him. He had appointed Bashīr b. al-Khaṣāṣiyya as his successor over the people. Saʿd was then at Zarūd, and eight thousand had gathered with him. ʿUmar commanded Banū Asad to encamp on the border of their land between al-Ḥazn and al-Basīṭa, and they encamped with three thousand. Saʿd marched to Sharāf and encamped there. Al-Ashʿab b. Qays joined him there with one thousand seven hundred men from the people of Yemen. So the total number of those who witnessed al-Qādisiyya was thirty-some thousand, and the total of those among whom its booty was distributed was about thirty thousand. No one was bolder against the people of Persia than Rabīʿa. The Muslims called them "Rabīʿa of the Lion" as opposed to "Rabīʿa of the Horse." ʿUmar left no man of judgment, nobility, eloquence, poetry, or prominence among the notables but he sent him to Saʿd. Saʿd gathered the Muslims who were in Iraq from the army of al-Muthannā, and they assembled at Sharāf. He arrayed them and appointed commanders. He placed an ʿarīf over every ten men. He set men of early merit over the banners. He appointed men over the wars—over its rear guard, vanguard, infantry, scouts, and wings. He did not proceed except by ʿUmar's letter. He placed Zuhra b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Qatāda b. al-Ḥawiyya over the vanguard, and he was one of the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ. He placed ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Muʿtamm over the right wing, and he was also a Companion. He appointed Shuraḥbīl b. al-Simṭ al-Kindī over the left wing. He made his deputy Khālid b. ʿUrfuṭa, confederate of Banū ʿAbd Shams. He placed ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr al-Tamīmī over the rear guard, Sawād b. Mālik al-Tamīmī over the scouts, Salmān b. Rabīʿa al-Bāhilī over the shock troops, Ḥammāl b. Mālik al-Asadī over the infantry, and ʿAbd Allāh b. Dhī al-Sahmayn al-Khathʿamī over the cavalry. ʿUmar appointed ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Rabīʿa al-Bāhilī as judge among them and also over the division of booty. He made Salmān al-Fārisī their guide and summoner, and the secretary was Ziyād b. Abīhi. Al-Muʿannā b. Ḥāritha al-Shaybānī and Salmā bt. Khaṣafa, the wife of al-Muthannā, arrived at Sharāf. After his brother's death, al-Muʿannā had marched against Qābūs b. Qābūs b. al-Mundhir at al-Qādisiyya. The Persians had sent him there to rouse the Arabs. Al-Muʿannā went to him, turned him back, and put him and those with him to sleep, then returned to Dhū Qār. He then went to Saʿd to inform him of al-Muthannā's counsel to him and the Muslims. It ordered them to fight the Persians on the borders of their land, on the nearest stone of Arab territory, and not to fight them in the heart of their abode. If God granted victory to the Muslims, they would have what lay beyond; and if it was the other way, they would return to a reserve force and then be more knowledgeable of their routes and bolder in their land, until God restored the turn to them. Saʿd and those with him invoked mercy on al-Muthannā. He confirmed al-Muʿannā in his office and enjoined good treatment of his household. Saʿd's Marriage to Salmā, Wife of al-Muthannā Then Saʿd married Salmā, al-Muthannā's wife. With him were ninety-nine men who had been at Badr, three hundred and some who had companionship with the Prophet between the Pledge of al-Riḍwān and above that, three hundred who had witnessed the Conquest, and seven hundred sons of the Companions. ʿUmar's letter came to Saʿd with the like of al-Muthannā's counsel. ʿUmar also wrote to Abū ʿUbayda to send the people of Iraq and those who chose to join them to Iraq. The Persians had a garrison at the palace of Ibn Muqātil, commanded by al-Nuʿmān b. Qabīṣa al-Ṭāʾī, who was the cousin of Qabīṣa b. Iyās, lord of al-Ḥīra. When he heard of Saʿd's coming, he asked about him—ʿAbd Allāh b. Sinān b. Khuzaym al-Asadī was with him. It was said: "A man of Quraysh." He said: "By God, I will oppose him in battle, for Quraysh are slaves of whoever conquers. By God, they will not leave their lands except in a pair of sandals!" ʿAbd Allāh b. Sinān became angry at his words. He gave him respite until he entered his tent, then killed him and joined Saʿd, having embraced Islam. Saʿd marched from Sharāf and encamped at al-ʿUdhayb. Then he marched until he encamped at al-Qādisiyya, between al-ʿAtīq and the trench, opposite the bridge, with Qudays a mile below it. ʿUmar wrote to Saʿd: "It has been cast into my mind that when you meet the enemy, you will defeat them. So whenever one of you plays with one of the Persians by granting safety, by a gesture, or by speech, it is considered safety by them—so treat it as a pledge of safety and fulfillment. For an error in fulfillment is a remnant, while an error in treachery is destruction. In it lies your weakness and your enemy's strength." When Zuhra encamped in the vanguard and evening came, he sent a raiding party of thirty men known for valor and ordered them to raid al-Ḥīra. When they passed al-Saylaḥīn, they heard a clamor. They waited until they came abreast of it, and it turned out to be the sister of Āzādhmard b. Āzādhabah, the marzbān of al-Ḥīra, being escorted in wedding procession to the lord of al-Ṣinnayn, one of the nobles of the Persians. Bukayr b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Laythī, commander of the raiding party, charged Shīrzād b. Āzādhabah and broke his back. The horses scattered in every direction, and the Muslims seized the baggage and the daughter of Āzādhabah along with thirty women of the dihqāns and a hundred servants, and with them was wealth of incalculable value. He drove it all and returned, arriving at Saʿd in the morning at ʿUdhayb al-Hijānāt. He distributed it among the Muslims. He left the women at al-ʿUdhayb with horsemen to guard them, commanded by Ghālib b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Laythī. Saʿd's Encampment at al-Qādisiyya Saʿd encamped at al-Qādisiyya and stayed there a month without any of the Persians coming to him. Then Saʿd sent ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr to Maysān to seek sheep or cattle, but he could not obtain any. The people there fortified themselves against him. ʿĀṣim seized a man by a thicket and asked him about the cattle and sheep. He said: "I do not know." A bull lowed from the thicket: "The enemy of God has lied! Here we are!" So he entered and drove out the cattle, bringing them to the camp. Saʿd distributed them among the people, and they were enriched for some days. This reached al-Ḥajjāj in his time, so he sent for a group and questioned them. They testified that they had heard and witnessed it. He said: "You lie." They said: "That is if you were present and we were absent." He said: "You speak truth. What did the people say about that?" They said: "It was taken as a sign of God's good pleasure and the conquest of our enemy." He said: "This could only happen if the gathering were righteous and God-fearing." They said: "We do not know what their hearts concealed. But as for what we saw, we never saw people more abstemious from this world or more hateful of it. There was among them no coward, no deceiver, and no traitor." That was the Day of the Cattle. Saʿd's Dispatching of Raids between Kaskar and al-Anbār Saʿd dispatched raids and plundering between Kaskar and al-Anbār, and they gathered enough food to suffice them for a long while. Between Khālid b. al-Walīd's entry into Iraq and Saʿd's encampment at al-Qādisiyya and the conclusion of its affair, there were two years and some. Saʿd's stay at al-Qādisiyya was two months and some until victory. The people of the Sawād sought help from Yazdajird, and informed him that the Arabs had encamped at al-Qādisiyya and that nothing would remain against their action; and they had laid waste what was between them and the Euphrates, and plundered the beasts and provisions; and if relief was slow, we would give them up by our own hands. And those who had estates at al-Ṭaff wrote to him of that, and they incited him to send the armies. So Yazdajird sent to Rustum, and he entered upon him, and he said: I desire to dispatch you on this front, for you are the man of Fāris today, and you have seen what has befallen the Persians such as the like of it has never come upon them. He showed him compliance then said to him: Leave me, for the Arabs will continue to fear the Persians as long as you have not struck them with me; and perhaps the state may be secured by me if I do not attend the war, and God will have sufficed, and we will have achieved the stratagem; and deliberation in war is more beneficial than some victory, and patience is better than haste; and fighting army after army is better than a defeat at once and harsher on our enemy. But he refused him, and Rustum repeated his words and said: The neglect of counsel has compelled me to magnify myself and praise myself; and were I to find any escape from that I would not utter it. I adjure you by God regarding yourself and your kingdom: leave me to stay with my army and let me send al-Jālīnūs; if it be for us, then that; otherwise we send another than him, until when we find no escape we endure them, having already weakened them while we are fresh; for I shall remain hoped for among the people of Fāris as long as I am not defeated. But he refused except that he march. So he went out until he struck his camp at Sābāṭ, and he sent to the king asking to be excused, but he refused. And the news of that came to Saʿd, so he wrote to ʿUmar, and ʿUmar wrote to him: Let not what comes to you about them distress you; and seek help from God and rely upon Him; and send to him men of debate, judgment, and fortitude to call him, for God will make their call a weakening for them. Saʿd sent envoys to Yazdajird, so Saʿd sent a group, among them: al-Nuʿmān b. Muqarrin, and Busr b. Abī Ruhm, and Ḥamala b. Ḥawiyya, and Ḥanẓala b. al-Rabīʿ, and Furāt b. Ḥayyān, and ʿAdī b. Suhayl, and ʿUṭārid b. Ḥājib, and al-Mughīra b. Zurāra b. al-Nabbāsh al-Asadī, and al-Ashʿath b. Qays, and al-Ḥārith b. Ḥassān, and ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr, and ʿAmr b. Maʿdī Karib, and al-Mughīra b. Shuʿba, and al-Muʿannā b. Ḥāritha — to Yazdajird as callers. They went out from the camp and came to Yazdajird, and they bypassed Rustum and sought permission to enter upon Yazdajird, and they were detained. He brought his viziers, and Rustum with them, and consulted them about what he should do and say to them. And the people gathered to look at them, and beneath them were horses all neighing, and upon them were striped cloaks, and in their hands whips. Then he gave them permission, and he brought the interpreter and said to him: Ask them what brought you and what called you to raid us and to be avid for our lands? Is it because we were distracted from you that you have become bold against us? Al-Nuʿmān b. Muqarrin said to his companions: If you wish, I shall speak on your behalf, and whoever wishes I shall prefer him. They said: Rather, you speak. He said: God had mercy on us and sent to us a Messenger who commands us to good and forbids us from evil, and promised us for answering him the good of this world and the Hereafter. He did not call any tribe but that a party from it drew near to him and a party from it kept away from him. Then he was commanded to proclaim war against those Arabs who opposed him, and he began with them, and they entered with him in two ways: one compelled to it and so became content, and one obedient who came to him and so increased. Thus we all came to know the excellence of what he brought over what we had been upon of enmity and straitness. Then he commanded us to begin with those of the nations nearest to us and call them to fairness. So we call you to our religion, and it is a religion that has made good every good and made ugly every ugly. If you refuse, then a matter of evil that is lighter than another that is worse than it: the jizya. If you refuse, then open war. If you respond to our religion, we shall leave among you the Book of God and establish you upon judging by its ordinances, and we shall turn away from you, and your affairs and your lands remain yours. If you pay the tribute, we accept and protect you; otherwise we fight you. Then Yazdajird spoke and said: I know of no nation on earth more wretched, fewer in number, or worse in mutual relations than you. We used to assign to you the villages of the outskirts, and they sufficed us against you. Do not hope to stand against Fāris. If some delusion has overtaken you, let it not delude you about us. If it is hardship, we have assigned you provisions until your fertility returns, and we honor your notables and clothe you, and set over you a king who will be gentle with you. He silenced the people, then al-Mughīra b. Zurāra stood and said: O king, these are the chiefs of the Arabs and their notables, and they are nobles who feel shame before nobles. Only nobles honor nobles and magnify their rights. Not all that they were sent with have they said, nor all that you have spoken have they answered you upon. So answer me, so that I may be the one who conveys to you, and they bear witness to that for me. As for what you mentioned of the evil condition, it is as you described and worse. Then he mentioned the evil of the Arabs' livelihood and God's sending of the Prophet ﷺ to them, similar to the words of al-Nuʿmān, and the fighting of those who opposed them or the jizya. Then he said to him: Choose, if you will, the jizya from a hand while you are humbled; and if you will, then the sword; or you submit and save yourself. He said: Were it not that envoys are not killed, I would kill you! You have nothing with me. Then he called for a load of earth and said: Put it upon the noblest of these, then drive him until he exits the gate of al-Madāʾin. Return to your companion and inform him that I am sending to him Rustum to bury him and bury you with him in the trench of al-Qādisiyya; then I shall bring him into your lands until I preoccupy you with yourselves with something harsher than what befell you from Sābūr. ʿĀṣim b. ʿAmr stood to take the earth and said: I am the noblest of them, I am the chief of these. So he carried it on his neck and went out to his riding camel and mounted it, and he took the earth and said to Saʿd: Rejoice, for by God, God has given us the keys of their kingdom. That weighed heavily upon the king's companions, and the king said to Rustum, who had come to him from Sābāṭ: I did not think there were among the Arabs the likes of these. You are not better in answer than they. The people have told me the truth: they have been promised a matter that they will either attain or die upon it. Yet I found the best of them the most foolish of them, when he carried the earth on his head. Rustum said: O king, he is the most intelligent of them. And he took evil omen from that and perceived it without his companions. And Rustum went out from the king's presence angry and gloomy, and he sent after the delegation and said to his confidant: If the messenger overtakes them, we retrieve our land; and if he fails, God has stripped you of your land. The messenger returned from al-Ḥīra with report of their escape, and he said: The people have taken your land without doubt. He was an astrologer and soothsayer. The raid of Suwād b. Mālik al-Tamīmī on al-Nijāf and al-Firāḍ And Suwād b. Mālik al-Tamīmī raided, after the delegation's departure to Yazdajird, al-Nijāf and al-Firāḍ, and drove off beasts from among mules, donkeys, and oxen, and loaded them with fish, and came to the camp in the morning. Saʿd divided it among the people, and this is the Day of the Fish. And the raiding parties used to go out seeking meats, for food was abundant with them, so they named the days by it: the Day of the Oxen and the Day of the Fish. And Saʿd sent another raiding party, and they raided and captured camels belonging to Banū Taghlib and al-Namir, and drove them off with their people. Saʿd slaughtered the camels and divided them among the people, and they became well supplied. And ʿAmr b. al-Ḥārith raided al-Nahrayn and drove off much livestock and returned. And Rustum marched from Sābāṭ, and gathered the implements of war, and sent at his vanguard al-Jālīnūs with forty thousand, and he himself went out with sixty thousand, and in his rear guard twenty thousand. He placed al-Hurmuzān on his right wing, and on the left wing Mihrān b. Bahrām al-Rāzī. And Rustum said to the king, encouraging him with that: If God opens for us against the people, we shall turn to their kingdom in their abode until we preoccupy them in their own base and lands until they accept peace.

Grades by grader

No grade is recorded for this wording.