Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1860
The caliphate of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb
وَقْعَةُ النَّمَارِقِ . سَارَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الثَّقَفِيُّ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ وَسَلِيطُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّانِ، وَالْمُثَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ أَحَدُ بَنِي هِنْدٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَمَرَ عُمَرُ الْمُثَنَّى بِالتَّقَدُّمِ إِلَى أَنْ يَقْدَمَ عَلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِاسْتِنْفَارِ مَنْ حَسُنَ إِسْلَامُهُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ. فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ، وَسَارَ الْمُثَنَّى فَقَدِمَ الْحِيرَةَ، وَكَانَتِ الْفُرْسُ تَشَاغَلَتْ عَنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِمَوْتِ شَهْرِيرَانَ حَتَّى اصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى بُورَانَ، وَكَانَتْ عَدْلًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ حَتَّى يَصْطَلِحُوا ثُمَّ قَدِمَ الْمُثَنَّى إِلَى الْحِيرَةِ فِي عَشْرٍ، وَقَدِمَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ بَعْدَهُ بِشَهْرٍ. فَكَتَبَ رُسْتُمُ إِلَى الدَّهَاقِينِ أَنْ يَثُورُوا بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَبَعَثَ فِي كُلِّ رُسْتَاقٍ رَجُلًا يَثُورُ بِأَهْلِهِ وبَعَثَ رُسْتُمُ أَمِيرًا يُقَالُ لَهُ: جَابَانُ. وَعَلَى مُجَنِّبَتَيْهِ رَجُلَانِ يُقَالُ لِأَحَدِهِمَا: جِشْنِسُ مَاهْ. وَيُقَالُ لِلْآخَرِ: مَرْدَانْ شَاهْ. وَهُوَ حَصِيُّ أَمِيرِ حَاجِبِ الْفُرْسِ، فَالْتَقَوْا مَعَ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: النَّمَارِقُ. بَيْنَ الْحِيرَةِ وَالْقَادِسِيَّةِ، وَعَلَى الْخَيْلِ الْمُثَنَّى بْنُ حَارِثَةَ، وَعَلَى الْمَيْسَرَةِ عَمْرُو بْنُ الْهَيْثَمِ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا هُنَالِكَ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، وَهَزَمَ اللَّهُ الْفُرْسَ، وَأُسِرَ جَابَانُ وَمَرْدَانْ شَاهْ. فَأَمَّا مَرْدَانْ شَاهْ فَإِنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ الَّذِي أَسَرَهُ، وَأَمَّا جَابَانُ فَإِنَّهُ خَدَعَ الَّذِي أَسَرَهُ حَتَّى أَطْلَقَهُ، فَأَمْسَكَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَأَبَوْا أَنْ يُطْلِقُوهُ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّ هَذَا هُوَ الْأَمِيرُ. وَجَاءُوا بِهِ إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، فَقَالُوا: اقْتُلْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ الْأَمِيرُ. فَقَالَ: وَإِنْ كَانَ الْأَمِيرَ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَقْتُلُهُ وَقَدْ أَمَّنَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. السَّقَاطِيَّةُ بِكَسْكَرَ] وَلَمَّا انْهَزَمَتْ فَارِسُ [أَخَذُوا] نَحْوَ كَسْكَرَ لِيَلْحَقُوا نَرْسِي - وَهُوَ ابْنُ خَالَةِ كِسْرَى - وَكَانَتْ كَسْكَرُ قَطِيعَةً لَهُ، نَادَى أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ بِالرَّحِيلِ، وَقَالَ لِلْمُجَرَّدَةِ: اتْبَعُوهُمْ حَتَّى تُدْخِلُوهُمْ عَسْكَرَ نَرْسِي، أَوْ تُبِيدُوهُمْ [فِيمَا بَيْنَ النَّمَارِقِ إِلَى بَارِقٍ إِلَى دُرْتَا]. فَوَازَرَهُمْ نَرْسِي عَلَى قِتَالِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، فَقَهَرَهُمْ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، وَغَنِمَ مِنْهُمْ شَيْئًا كَثِيرًا وَأَطْعِمَاتٍ كَثِيرَةٍ جِدًّا، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ. وَبَعَثَ بِخُمُسِ مَا غَنِمَ مِنَ الْمَالِ وَالطَّعَامِ إِلَى عُمَرِ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ فِي ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: لَعَمْرِي وَمَا عُمْرِي عَلَيَّ بِهَيِّنٍ لَقَدْ صُبِّحَتْ بِالْخِزْيِ أَهْلُ النَّمَارِقِ بِأَيْدِي رِجَالٍ هَاجَرُوا نَحْوَ رَبِّهِمْ يَجُوسُونَهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ دُرْتَا وَبَارِقِ قَتَلْنَاهُمْ مَا بَيْنَ مَرْجِ مُسَلِّحٍ وَبَيْنَ الْهَوَافِي مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْبَذَارِقِ فَالْتَقَوْا بِمَكَانٍ بَيْنَ كَسْكَرَ وَالسَّقَاطِيَةِ، وَعَلَى مَيْمَنَةِ نَرْسِي وَمَيْسَرَتِهِ ابْنَا خَالِهِ بِنَدَوَيْهِ وَتِيرَوَيْهِ أَوْلَادُ بِسْطَامَ، وَكَانَ رُسْتُمُ قَدْ جَهَّزَ الْجُيُوشَ مَعَ الْجَالِنُوسِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ ذَلِكَ أَعْجَلَ نَرْسِي بِالْقِتَالِ قَبْلَ وُصُولِهِمْ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَانْهَزَمَتِ الْفُرْسُ وَهَرَبَ نَرْسِي وَالْجَالِنُوسُ إِلَى الْمَدَائِنِ بَعْدَ وَقْعَةٍ جَرَتْ مِنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ مَعَ الْجَالِنُوسِ بِمَكَانٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ: بَارُوسْمَا. فَبَعَثَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ الْمُثَنَّى بْنَ حَارِثَةَ وَسَرَايَا أُخَرَ إِلَى مَا تَاخَمَ تِلْكَ النَّاحِيَةَ كَنَهْرِ جَوْبَرَ وَنَحْوِهَا، فَفَتَحَهَا صُلْحًا وَقَهْرًا، وَضَرَبُوا الْجِزْيَةَ وَالْخَرَاجَ، وَغَنِمُوا الْأَمْوَالَ الْجَزِيلَةَ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَالْمِنَّةُ، وَكَسَرُوا الْجَالِنُوسَ الَّذِي جَاءَ لِنُصْرَةِ جَابَانَ، وَغَنِمُوا جَيْشَهُ وَأَمْوَالَهُ، وَكَرَّ هَارِبًا إِلَى قَوْمِهِ حَقِيرًا ذَلِيلًا. وَكَانَ عُمَرُ قَدْ قَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّكَ تَقْدَمُ عَلَى أَرْضِ الْمَكْرِ وَالْخَدِيعَةِ وَالْخِيَانَةِ وَالْجَبْرِيَّةِ، تُقْدِمُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ تَجَرَّءُوا عَلَى الشَّرِّ فَعَلِمُوهُ، وَتَنَاسَوُا الْخَيْرَ فَجَهِلُوهُ، فَانْظُرْ كَيْفَ تَكُونُ، وَاحْرِزْ لِسَانَكَ، وَلَا تُفْشِيَنَّ سِرَّكَ، فَإِنَّ صَاحِبَ السِّرِّ مَا يَضْبُطُهُ مُتَحَصِّنٌ لَا يُؤْتَى مِنْ وَجْهٍ يَكْرَهُهُ، وَإِذَا ضَيَّعَهُ كَانَ بِمَضْيَعَةٍ. وَجَاءُوا إِلَى أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ بِطَعَامٍ أَكْرَمُوهُ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَكْرَمْتُمُ الْجُنْدَ كُلَّهُمْ بِمِثْلِ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: لَا، قَالَ: بِئْسَ الْمَرْءُ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ، إِنْ صَحِبَ قَوْمًا فَاسْتَأْثَرَ عَلَيْهِمْ، لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَأْكُلُ إِلَّا مِثْلَ مَا يَأْكُلُ أَوْسَاطُهُمْ. فَلَمَّا هُزِمَ الْجَالِينُوسُ أَتَوْهُ بِالْأَطْعِمَةِ أَيْضًا، فَقَالَ: مَا آكُلُ هَذَا دُونَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَقَالُوا لَهُ: لَيْسَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَتَى بِمِثْلِ هَذَا، فَأَكَلَ حِينَئِذٍ.
Translation
✧ The Battle of al-Namāriq. Abū ʿUbayd al-Thaqafī set out, as did Saʿd b. ʿUbayd and Sulayṭ b. Qays, the two Anṣārīs, and al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah al-Shaybānī, one of the Banū Hind, from al-Madīnah. ʿUmar commanded al-Muthannā to advance until his companions caught up with him, and he commanded them to call to arms those of the apostates whose Islam was sound. They did that. Al-Muthannā traveled on and arrived at al-Ḥīrah. The Persians had been distracted from the Muslims by the death of Shahriyārān until they agreed upon Būrān, and she was just among the people until they came to agreement. Then al-Muthannā arrived at al-Ḥīrah in ten days, and Abū ʿUbayd arrived after him by a month. Rustam wrote to the dihqāns telling them to rise up against the Muslims, and he sent a man into every district to stir up its people. Rustam also sent a commander named Jābān, with two men on his flanks, one called Jishnis Māh and the other called Mardān Shāh, who was the eunuch of the commander of the Persian chamberlains. They met Abū ʿUbayd at a place called al-Namāriq, between al-Ḥīrah and al-Qādisiyyah. Al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah commanded the cavalry, and ʿAmr b. al-Haytham commanded the left wing. They fought a fierce battle there, and God routed the Persians. Jābān and Mardān Shāh were taken prisoner. As for Mardān Shāh, the one who captured him killed him. As for Jābān, he deceived his captor until he released him, but the Muslims seized him and refused to let him go, saying, "This is the commander." They brought him to Abū ʿUbayd and said, "Kill him, for he is the commander." He said, "Even if he is the commander, I will not kill him when a Muslim man has granted him safe conduct." [Al-Saqāṭiyyah in Kaskar] When the Persians were defeated, they headed toward Kaskar to join Narsī—he was the maternal cousin of Kisrā—and Kaskar was his fief. Abū ʿUbayd called for departure and said to the light cavalry, "Pursue them until you drive them into Narsī's camp, or annihilate them between al-Namāriq, Bāriq, and Durtā." Narsī assisted them in fighting Abū ʿUbayd, but Abū ʿUbayd overpowered them and gained abundant booty and very plentiful food supplies—praise be to God. He sent one-fifth of the wealth and food he had captured to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb in al-Madīnah. A Muslim man said about that: By my life—and my life is no small matter to me— The people of al-Namāriq were greeted with disgrace at dawn, By the hands of men who emigrated toward their Lord, Trampling them between Durtā and Bāriq. We killed them between Marj Musalliḥ and the scattered ones along the road of al-Badhāriq. They met at a place between Kaskar and al-Saqāṭiyyah. On Narsī's right and left wings were his maternal cousins, Bindawayh and Tīrawayh, sons of Bisṭām. Rustam had already dispatched armies with al-Jālīnūs. When Abū ʿUbayd learned of that, he hastened to fight Narsī before their arrival. They fought a fierce battle, and the Persians were routed. Narsī and al-Jālīnūs fled to al-Madāʾin after a battle that Abū ʿUbayd fought against al-Jālīnūs at a place called Bārūsmā. Abū ʿUbayd sent al-Muthannā b. Ḥārithah and other raiding parties to the areas bordering that region, such as the Nahr Jawbar and its vicinity. He conquered them by treaty and by force, imposed the jizyah and kharāj, and gained abundant wealth—praise and favor be to God. They routed al-Jālīnūs, who had come to aid Jābān, and seized his army and wealth. He fled back to his people contemptible and humiliated. ʿUmar had said to Abū ʿUbayd: "You are advancing upon a land of cunning, deception, treachery, and tyranny. You are advancing upon a people who have grown bold in evil and learned it, and who have forgotten good and become ignorant of it. Consider how you will be, guard your tongue, and do not divulge your secret. For the one who keeps his secret under control is protected and will not be approached from a direction he dislikes, but if he loses it, he is lost." They brought Abū ʿUbayd food with which they honored him. He said, "Have you honored all the soldiers with the like of this?" They said, "No." He said, "Abū ʿUbayd would be a bad man if he accompanied a people and then took more than his share. No, by God, we will eat only the like of what their middling men eat." When al-Jālīnūs was routed, they brought him foods again. He said, "I will not eat this while the Muslims do not." They said to him, "There is not one of your companions who has not been brought the like of this." So then he ate.
Grades by grader
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