Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1851
The caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ᴿᴬ
فَصْلٌ فِيمَا رُوِيَ عَنِ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ مِنَ الْآثَارِ الْمَوْقُوفَةِ قَوْلًا أَوْ قَضَاءً، أَوْ خُطْبَةً أَوْ دُعَاءً أَخْرَجَ اللَّالِكَائِيُّ فِي «السُّنَّةِ» عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ الزِّنَا بِقَدَرٍ؟ قَالَ: (نَعَمْ)، قَالَ: فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدَّرَهُ عَلَيَّ ثُمَّ يُعَذِّبُنِي؟ قَالَ: (نَعَمْ يَابْنَ اللَّخْنَاءِ، أَمَا وَاللهِ لَوْ كَانَ عِنْدِي إِنْسَانٌ.. أَمَرْتُ أَنْ يَجَأَ أَنْفَكَ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ فِي «مُصَنَّفِهِ» عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَالَ وَهُوَ يَخْطُبُ النَّاسَ: (يَا مَعْشَرَ النَّاسِ، اسْتَحْيُوا مِنَ اللَّهِ، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، إِنِّي لَأَظَلُّ حِينَ أَذْهَبُ إِلَى الْغَائِطِ فِي الْفَضَاءِ مُغَطِّيًا رَأْسِي، اسْتِحْيَاءً مِنْ رَبِّي). وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ فِي «مُصَنَّفِهِ» عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (اسْتَحْيُوا مِنَ اللَّهِ، فَوَاللَّهِ، إِنِّي لَأَدْخُلُ الْكَنِيفَ فَأُسْنِدُ ظَهْرِي إِلَى الْحَائِطِ، حَيَاءً مِنَ اللَّهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِي «سُنَنِهِ» عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ: (أَنَّهُ صَلَّى وَرَاءَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمَغْرِبَ، فَقَرَأَ فِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُولَيَيْنِ بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ وَسُورَةٍ مِنْ قِصَارِ الْمُفَصَّلِ، وَقَرَأَ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ: رَبَّنَا لا تُزِغْ قُلُوبَنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَيْتَنَا الْآيَةَ.. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ، وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا عَزَّى رَجُلًا.. قَالَ: (لَيْسَ مَعَ الْعَزَاءِ مُصِيبَةٌ، وَلَيْسَ مَعَ الْجَزَعِ فَائِدَةٌ، الْمَوْتُ أَهْوَنُ مِمَّا قَبْلَهُ، وَأَشَدُّ مِمَّا بَعْدَهُ، اذْكُرُوا فَقْدَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ.. تَصْغُرُ مُصِيبَتُكُمْ، وَأَعْظَمَ اللَّهُ أَجَرَكُمْ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ عُبَيْدٍ - وَهُوَ صَحَابِيٌّ - قَالَ: ( كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ يَقُولُ لِي: قُمْ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ الْفَجْرِ حَتَّى أَتَسَحَّرَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ أَبِي قِلَابَةَ وَأَبِي السَّفَرِ قَالَا: ( كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ يَقُولُ: أَجِيفُوا الْبَابَ حَتَّى نَتَسَحَّرَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ حُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ أَسِيدٍ قَالَ: ( لَقَدْ أَدْرَكْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ وَمَا يُضَحِّيَانِ، إِرَادَةَ أَنْ يَسْتَنَّ بِهِمَا ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: ( شَهِدْتُ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: كُلُوا الطَّافِيَ مِنَ السَّمَكِ ). وَأَخْرَجَ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي «الْأُمِّ» عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ: (أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ بَيْعَ اللَّحْمِ بِالْحَيَوَانِ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْهُ: (أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الْجَدَّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَبِ) يَعْنِي: فِي الْمِيرَاثِ. وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ فِي «مُصَنَّفِهِ» عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: (الْجَدُّ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْأَبِ، مَا لَمْ يَكُنْ أَبٌ دُونَهُ، وَابْنُ الِابْنِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الِابْنِ مَا لَمْ يَكُنِ ابْنٌ دُونَهُ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أُتِيَ بِرَجُلٍ انْتَفَى مِنْ أَبِيهِ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (اضْرِبِ الرَّأْسَ ; فَإِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ فِي الرَّأْسِ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ أَبِي مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا صَلَّى عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ.. قَالَ: (اللَّهُمَّ ; عَبْدُكَ أَسْلَمَهُ الْأَهْلُ وَالْمَالُ وَالْعَشِيرَةُ، وَالذَّنْبُ عَظِيمٌ، وَأَنْتَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ). وَأَخْرَجَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ فِي «سُنَنِهِ» عَنْ عُمَرَ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَضَى بِعَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ لِأُمِّ عَاصِمٍ، وَقَالَ: (رِيحُهَا وَشَمُّهَا وَلُطْفُهَا خَيْرٌ لَهُ مِنْكَ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: ( جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ أَبِي يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَالِي كُلَّهُ يَجْتَاحُهُ؟ فَقَالَ لِأَبِيهِ: إِنَّمَا لَكَ مِنْ مَالِهِ مَا يَكْفِيكَ، فَقَالَ: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ; أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَنْتَ وَمَالُكَ لِأَبِيكَ» فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَإِنَّمَا يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ النَّفَقَةَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: ( أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ كَانَا لَا يَقْتُلَانِ الْحُرَّ بِالْعَبْدِ ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي مُلَيْكَةَ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ: ( أَنَّ رَجُلًا عَضَّ يَدَ رَجُلٍ فَأَنْدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ، فَأَهْدَرَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَضَى فِي الْأُذُنِ بِخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ، وَقَالَ: (يُوَارِي شَيْنَهَا الشَّعْرُ وَالْعِمَامَةُ). [أُوصِيكَ بِعَشْرِ خِلَالٍ] وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْجَوْنِيِّ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ بَعَثَ جُيُوشًا إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَأَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ يَزِيدَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، فَقَالَ: (إِنِّي مُوصِيكَ بِعَشْرِ خِلَالٍ: لَا تَقْتُلُوا امْرَأَةً، وَلَا صَبِيًّا، وَلَا كَبِيرًا هَرِمًا، وَلَا تَقْطَعْ شَجَرًا مُثْمِرًا، وَلَا تَخْرِبَنَّ عَامِرًا، وَلَا تَعْقِرَنَّ شَاةً وَلَا بَعِيرًا إِلَّا لِمَأْكَلِهِ، وَلَا تُفَرِّقَنَّ نَحْلًا وَلَا تَحْرُقْهُ، وَلَا تَغْلُلْ، وَلَا تَجْبُنْ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَالنَّسَائِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ قَالَ: ( غَضِبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِنْ رَجُلٍ، فَاشْتَدَّ غَضَبُهُ جَدًّا، فَقُلْتُ: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، اضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ، قَالَ: وَيْلَكَ!! مَا هِيَ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ (. [بَعْضُ أَقْضِيَةِ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ ] وَأَخْرَجَ سَيْفٌ فِي كِتَابِ «الْفُتُوحِ» عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ: أَنَّ الْمُهَاجِرَ بْنَ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ - وَكَانَ أَمِيرَ الْيَمَامَةِ - رُفِعَ إِلَيْهِ امْرَأَتَانِ مُغَنِّيَتَانِ ; غَنَّتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا بِشَتْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: فَقَطَعَ يَدَهَا وَنَزَعَ ثَنَايَاهَا، وَغَنَّتِ الْأُخْرَى بِهِجَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: فَقَطَعَ يَدَهَا وَنَزَعَ ثَنِيَّتَهَا، فَكَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (بَلَغَنِي الَّذِي فَعَلْتَ فِي الْمَرْأَةِ الَّتِي تَغَنَّتْ بِشَتْمِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَلَوْلَا مَا سَبَقْتَنِي فِيهَا.. لَأَمَرْتُكَ بِقَتْلِهَا ; لِأَنَّ حَدَّ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَيْسَ يُشْبِهُ الْحُدُودَ، فَمَنْ تَعَاطَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ مُسْلِمٍ.. فَهُوَ مُرْتَدٌّ، أَوْ مُعَاهَدٍ.. فَهُوَ مُحَارِبٌ غَادِرٌ، وَأَمَّا الَّتِي تَغَنَّتْ بِهِجَاءِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ: فَإِنْ كَانَتْ مِمَّنْ يَدَّعِي الْإِسْلَامَ.. فَأَدَبٌ وَتَقْدِمَةٌ دُونَ الْمُثْلَةِ، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ ذِمِّيَّةً.. فَلَعَمْرِي ; لَمَّا صَفَحْتَ عَنْهُ مِنَ الشِّرْكِ أَعْظَمُ، وَلَوْ كُنْتُ تَقَدَّمْتُ إِلَيْكَ فِي مِثْلِ هَذَا.. لَبَلَغْتَ مَكْرُوهًا، فَاقْبَلِ الدَّعَةَ، وَإِيَّاكَ وَالْمُثْلَةَ فِي النَّاسِ ; فَإِنَّهَا مَأْثَمٌ وَمَنْفَرَةٌ إِلَّا فِي قِصَاصٍ). وَأَخْرَجَ مَالِكٌ وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ عَنْ صَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ: (أَنَّ رَجُلًا وَقَعَ عَلَى جَارِيَةٍ بِكْرٍ وَاعْتَرَفَ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَجُلِدَ، ثُمَّ نَفَاهُ إِلَى فَدَكَ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو يَعْلَى عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ قَالَ: جِيءَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ سَرَقَ وَقَدْ قُطِعَتْ قَوَائِمُهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (مَا أَجِدُ لَكَ شَيْئًا إِلَّا مَا قَضَى فِيكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ أَمَرَ بِقَتْلِكَ ; فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ أَعْلَمَ بِكَ) فَأَمَرَ بِقَتْلِهِ. وَأَخْرَجَ مَالِكٌ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ أَقْطَعَ الْيَدِ وَالرِّجْلِ قَدِمَ، فَنَزَلَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَامِلَ الْيَمَنِ ظَلَمَهُ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، فَيَقُولُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: وَأَبِيكَ، ; مَا لَيْلُكَ بِلَيْلِ سَارِقٍ!! ثُمَّ إِنَّهُمُ افْتَقَدُوا حُلِيًّا لِأَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ عُمَيْسٍ امْرَأَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَجَعَلَ يَطُوفُ مَعَهُمْ، وَيَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ ; عَلَيْكَ بِمَنْ بَيَّتَ أَهْلَ هَذَا الْبَيْتِ الصَّالِحِ، فَوَجَدُوا الْحُلِيَّ عِنْدَ صَائِغٍ زَعَمَ أَنَّ الْأَقْطَعَ جَاءَهُ بِهِ، فَاعْتَرَفَ الْأَقْطَعُ، أَوْ شَهِدَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَمَرَ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ الْيُسْرَى، وَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (وَاللَّهِ ; لَدُعَاؤُهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَشَدُّ عِنْدِي عَلَيْهِ مِنْ سَرِقَتِهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ الدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ عَنْ أَنَسٍ: ( أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ قَطَعَ فِي مِجَنٍّ ثَمَنُهُ خَمْسَةُ دَرَاهِمَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي «الْحِلْيَةِ» عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ أَهْلُ الْيَمَنِ زَمَانَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَسَمِعُوا الْقُرْآنَ.. جَعَلُوا يَبْكُونَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (هَكَذَا كُنَّا، ثُمَّ قَسَتِ الْقُلُوبُ) قَالَ أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ: أَيْ: قَوِيَتْ وَاطْمَأَنَّتْ بِمَعْرِفَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى. وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (ارْقَبُوا مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي «الْغَرِيبِ» عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: (طُوبَى لِمَنْ مَاتَ فِي النَّأْنَأَةِ): أَيْ فِي أَوَّلِ الْإِسْلَامِ قَبْلَ تَحَرُّكِ الْفِتَنِ. وَأَخْرَجَ الْأَرْبَعَةُ وَمَالِكٌ عَنْ قَبِيصَةَ قَالَ: ( جَاءَتِ الْجَدَّةُ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقِ تَسْأَلُهُ مِيرَاثَهَا؟ فَقَالَ: مَا لَكِ فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ، وَمَا عَلِمْتُ لَكِ فِي سُنَّةِ نَبِيِّ اللهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا، فَارْجِعِي حَتَّى أَسْأَلَ النَّاسَ، فَسَأَلَ النَّاسَ. فَقَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ: حَضَرْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا السُّدُسَ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَلْ مَعَكِ غَيْرَكِ؟ فَقَامَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ فَقَالَ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ الْمُغِيرَةُ، فَأَنْفَذَهُ لَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ. وَأَخْرَجَ مَالِكٌ وَالدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ: ( أَنَّ جَدَّتَيْنِ أَتَتَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ تَطْلُبَانِ مِيرَاثَهُمَا ; أُمُّ أُمٍّ وَأُمُّ أَبٍ، فَأَعْطَى الْمِيرَاثَ أُمَّ الْأُمِّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ سَهْلٍ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ - وَكَانَ مِمَّنْ شَهِدَ بَدْرًا، وَهُوَ أَخُو بَنِي حَارِثَةَ -: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ; أَعْطَيْتَ الَّتِي لَوْ أَنَّهَا مَاتَتْ.. لَمْ يَرِثْهَا؟ ! فَقَسَّمَهُ بَيْنَهُمَا ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ فِي «مُصَنَّفِهِ» عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ حَدِيثُ امْرَأَةِ رِفَاعَةَ الَّتِي طُلِّقَتْ مِنْهُ، وَتَزَوَّجَتْ بَعْدَهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَغْشَاهَا، وَأَرَادَتِ الْعَوْدَ إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: « لَا، حَتَّى تَذُوقِي عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ ». وَهَذَا الْقَدْرُ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، وَزَادَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ: فَقَعَدَتْ، ثُمَّ جَاءَتْهُ فَأَخْبَرَتْهُ أَنْ قَدْ مَسَّهَا، فَمَنَعَهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ، وَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ ; إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا بِهَا أَنْ تَرْجِعَ إِلَى رِفَاعَةَ.. فَلَا يَتِمُّ لَهَا نِكَاحُهُ مَرَّةً أُخْرَى»، ثُمَّ أَتَتْ أَبَا بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فِي خِلَافَتِهِمَا فَمَنَعَاهَا. وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ: ( أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِي وَشُرَحْبِيلَ بْنَ حَسَنَةَ بَعَثَاهُ بَرِيدًا إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ بِرَأْسِ بَنَانَ بِطْرِيقِ الشَّامِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ.. أَنْكَرَ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عُقْبَةُ: يَا خَلِيفَةَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ; فَإِنَّهُمْ يَصْنَعُونَ ذَلِكَ بِنَا؟ ! قَالَ: أَفَيَسْتَنَّانِ بِفَارِسَ وَالرُّومِ؟ ! لَا يُحْمَلُ إِلَيَّ رَأْسٌ، إِنَّمَا يَكْفِي الْكِتَابَ وَالْخَبَرَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ أَبِي حَازِمٍ قَالَ: ( دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ أَحْمَسَ يُقَالُ لَهَا: زَيْنَبُ، فَرَآهَا لَا تَتَكَلَّمُ، فَقَالَ: مَا لَهَا لَا تَتَكَلَّمُ؟ فَقَالُوا: حَجَّتْ مُصْمَتَةً، قَالَ لَهَا: تَكَلَّمِي ; فَإِنَّ هَذَا لَا يَحِلُّ، هَذَا مِنْ عَمَلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، فَتَكَلَّمَتْ فَقَالَتْ: مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ قَالَ: امْرُؤٌ مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، قَالَتْ: أَيُّ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ؟ قَالَ: مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، قَالَتْ: مِنْ أَيِّ قُرَيْشٍ؟ قَالَ: إِنَّكِ لَسَئُولٌ، أَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ، قَالَتْ: مَا بَقَاؤُنَا عَلَى هَذَا الْأَمْرِ الصَّالِحِ الَّذِي جَاءَ اللَّهُ بِهِ بَعْدَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟ قَالَ: بَقَاؤُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مَا اسْتَقَامَتْ أَئِمَّتُكُمْ، قَالَتْ: وَمَا الْأَئِمَّةُ؟ قَالَ: أَمَا كَانَ لِقَوْمِكِ رُءُوسٌ وَأَشْرَافٌ يَأْمُرُونَهُمْ فَيُطِيعُونَهُمْ؟ قَالَتْ: بَلَى قَالَ: فَهُمْ أُولَئِكَ عَلَى النَّاسِ ). وَأَخْرَجَ النَّسَائِيُّ عَنْ أَسْلَمَ: أَنَّ عُمَرَ اطَّلَعَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَهُوَ آخِذٌ بِلِسَانِهِ، فَقَالَ: (هَذَا الَّذِي أَوْرَدَنِي الْمَوَارِدَ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَبُو عُبَيْدٍ فِي «الْغَرِيبِ» عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ: أَنَّهُ مَرَّ بِعَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ وَهُوَ يُمَاظُّ جَارًا لَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: (لَا تُمَاظَّ جَارَكَ ; فَإِنَّهُ يَبْقَى وَيَذْهَبُ عَنْكَ النَّاسُ). الْمُمَاظَّةُ: الْمُنَازَعَةُ وَالْمُخَاصَمَةُ. [مِنْ خُطَبِ سَيِّدِنَا أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ ] وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنْ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ كَانَ يَخْطُبُ فَيَقُولُ: (الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، أَحْمَدُهُ وَأَسْتَعِينُهُ، وَنَسْأَلُهُ الْكَرَامَةَ فِيمَا بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ ; فَإِنَّهُ قَدْ دَنَا أَجَلِي وَأَجَلُكُمْ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، أَرْسَلَهُ بِالْحَقِّ بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا، وَسِرَاجًا مُنِيرًا ; لِيُنْذِرَ مَنْ كَانَ حَيًّا وَيَحِقَّ الْقَوْلُ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ، وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ.. فَقَدْ رَشَدَ، وَمَنْ يَعْصِهِمَا.. فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا مُبِينًا. أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَالِاعْتِصَامِ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي شَرَعَ لَكُمْ وَهَدَاكُمْ بِهِ، ; فَإِنَّ جَوَامِعَ هُدَى الْإِسْلَامِ بَعْدَ كَلِمَةِ الْإِخْلَاصِ: السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ لِمَنْ وَلَّاهُ اللَّهُ أَمْرَكُمْ ; فَإِنَّهُ مَنْ يُطِعِ وَالِيَ الْأَمْرِ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَالنَّهْيِ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ.. فَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ، وَأَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ. وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَاتِّبَاعَ الْهَوَى ; فَقَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ حُفِظَ مِنَ الْهَوَى وَالطَّمَعِ وَالْغَضَبِ. وَإِيَّاكُمْ وَالْفَخْرَ، وَمَا فَخْرُ مَنْ خُلِقَ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ إِلَى التُّرَابِ يَعُودُ، ثُمَّ يَأْكُلُهُ الدُّودُ، ثُمَّ هُوَ الْيَوْمَ حَيٌّ وَغْدًا مَيِّتٌ؟ ! فَاعْمَلُوا يَوْمًا بِيَوْمٍ، وَسَاعَةً بِسَاعَةٍ، وَتَوَقُّوا دُعَاءَ الْمَظْلُومِ، وَعُدُّوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ فِي الْمَوْتَى، وَاصْبِرُوا فَإِنَّ الْعَمَلَ كُلَّهُ بِالصَّبْرِ، وَاحْذَرُوا وَالْحَذَرُ يَنْفَعُ، وَاعْمَلُوا وَالْعَمَلُ يُقْبَلُ، وَاحْذَرُوا مَا حَذَّرَكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ، وَسَارَعُوا فِيمَا وَعَدَكُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ. وَافْهَمُوا وَتَفَهَّمُوا، وَاتَّقُوا وَتَوَقُّوا، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَيَّنَ لَكُمْ مَا أَهْلَكَ بِهِ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ، وَمَا نَجَى بِهِ مَنْ نَجَى قَبْلَكُمْ، قَدْ بَيَّنَ لَكُمْ فِي كِتَابِهِ حَلَالَهُ وَحَرَامَهُ، وَمَا يُحِبُّ مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ، وَمَا يَكْرَهُ ; فَإِنِّي لَا آلُوكُمْ وَنَفْسِي، وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ، وَلَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ. وَاعْلَمُوا: أَنَّكُمْ مَا أَخْلَصْتُمْ لِلَّهِ مِنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ.. فَرَبَّكُمْ أَطَعْتُمْ، وَحَظَّكُمْ حَفِظْتُمْ وَاغْتَبَطْتُمْ، وَمَا تَطَوَّعْتُمْ بِهِ لِرَبِّكُمْ.. فَاجْعَلُوهُ نَوَافِلَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيكُمْ، تَسْتَوْفُوا لِسَلَفِكُمْ، وَتُعْطُوا جَزَاءَكُمْ حِينَ فَقْرِكُمْ وَحَاجَتِكُمْ إِلَيْهَا. ثُمَّ تَفَكَّرُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ فِي إِخْوَانِكُمْ وَصَحَابَتِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مَضَوْا ; قَدْ وَرَدُوا عَلَى مَا قَدَّمُوا فَأَقَامُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَحَلُّوا فِي الشَّقَاءِ وَالسَّعَادَةِ فِيمَا بَعْدَ الْمَوْتِ. إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ، وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ نَسَبٌ يُعْطِيهِ بِهِ خَيْرًا، وَلَا يَصْرِفُ عَنْهُ سُوءًا إِلَّا بِطَاعَتِهِ وَاتِّبَاعِ أَمْرِهِ ; فَإِنَّهُ لَا خَيْرَ فِي خَيْرٍ بَعْدَهُ النَّارُ، وَلَا شَرَّ فِي شَرٍّ بَعْدَهُ الْجَنَّةُ. أَقُولُ قَوْلِي هَذَا، وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ، وَصَلُّوا عَلَى نَبِيِّكُمْ ﷺ، وَالسَّلَامُ عَلَيْهِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْحَاكِمُ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُكَيْمٍ قَالَ: خَطَبَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: (أُوصِيكُمْ بِتَقْوَى اللَّهِ، وَأَنْ تُثْنُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، وَأَنْ تَخْلِطُوا الرَّغْبَةَ بِالرَّهْبَةِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَثْنَى عَلَى زَكَرِيَّا وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ. ثُمَّ اعْلَمُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ: أَنَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ ارْتَهَنَ بِحَقِّهِ أَنْفُسَكُمْ، وَأَخَذَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مَوَاثِيقَكُمْ، وَاشْتَرَى مِنْكُمُ الْقَلِيلَ الْفَانِيَ بِالْكَثِيرِ الْبَاقِي، وَهَذَا كِتَابُ اللَّهِ فِيكُمْ لَا يُطْفَأُ نُورُهُ، وَلَا تَنْقَضِي عَجَائِبُهُ، فَاسْتَضِيئُوا بِنُورِهِ، وَانْتَصِحُوا كِتَابَهُ، وَاسْتَضِيئُوا مِنْهُ لِيَوْمِ الظُّلْمَةِ ; فَإِنَّهُ إِنَّمَا خَلَقَكُمْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ، وَوَكَّلَ بِكُمْ كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ. ثُمَّ اعْلَمُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ: أَنَّكُمْ تَغْدُونَ وَتَرُوحُونَ فِي أَجَلٍ قَدْ غُيِّبَ عَنْكُمْ عِلْمُهُ ; فَإِنِ اسْتَطَعْتُمْ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ الْآجَالُ وَأَنْتُمْ فِي عَمَلِ اللَّهِ.. فَافْعَلُوا، وَلَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا ذَلِكَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ، سَابِقُوا فِي آجَالِكُمْ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْقَضِيَ آجَالُكُمْ فَيَرُدَّكُمْ إِلَى أَسْوَأِ أَعْمَالِكُمْ ; فَإِنَّ قَوْمًا جَعَلُوا آجَالَهُمْ لِغَيْرِهِمْ وَنَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ، فَأَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَكُونُوا أَمْثَالَهُمْ ; فَالْوَحَا الْوَحَا، ثُمَّ النَّجَاءَ النَّجَاءَ ; فَإِنَّ وَرَاءَكُمْ طَالِبًا حَثِيثًا مَرُّهُ سَرِيعٌ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا وَأَحْمَدُ فِي «الزُّهْدِ» وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ فِي «الْحِلْيَةِ» عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ: (أَيْنَ الْوُضَّاءُ الْحَسَنَةُ وُجُوهُهُمُ، الْمُعْجَبُونَ بِشَبَابِهِمْ؟ ! أَيْنَ الْمُلُوكُ الَّذِينَ بَنَوُا الْمَدَائِنَ وَحَصَّنُوهَا؟ ! أَيْنَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُعْطَوْنَ الْغَلَبَةَ فِي مُوَاطِنِ الْحَرْبِ؟ ! قَدْ تَضَعْضَعَ أَرْكَانُهُمْ حِينَ أَخْنَى بِهِمُ الدَّهْرُ، وَأَصْبَحُوا فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْقُبُورِ، الْوَحَا الْوَحَا، ثُمَّ النَّجَاءَ النَّجَاءَ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ فِي «الزُّهْدِ» عَنْ سَلْمَانَ قَالَ: ( أَتَيْتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، فَقُلْتُ: اعْهَدْ إِلَيَّ، فَقَالَ: يَا سَلْمَانُ ; اتَّقِ اللَّهَ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ سَتَكُونُ فُتُوحٌ، فَلَا أَعْرِفَنَّ مَا كَانَ حَظُّكَ مِنْهَا مَا جَعَلْتَهُ فِي بَطْنِكَ، أَوْ أَلْقَيْتَهُ عَلَى ظَهْرِكَ، وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهُ مَنْ صَلَّى الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ.. فَإِنَّهُ يُصْبِحُ فِي ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ، وَيُمْسِي فِي ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَلَا تَقْتُلْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ فَتَخْفِرَ اللَّهَ فِي ذِمَّتِهِ، فَيُكِبَّكَ اللَّهُ فِي النَّارِ عَلَى وَجْهِكَ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ قَالَ: (يُقْبَضُ الصَّالِحُونَ الْأَوَّلَ فَالْأَوَّلَ، حَتَّى يَبْقَى مِنَ النَّاسِ حُثَالَةٌ كَحُثَالَةِ التَّمْرِ وَالشَّعِيرِ، لَا يُبَالِي اللَّهُ بِهِمْ). وَأَخْرَجَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ فِي «سُنَنِهِ» عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ قُرَّةَ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقَ ؓ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي دُعَائِهِ: (اللَّهُمَّ ; اجْعَلْ خَيْرَ عُمَرِي آخِرَهُ، وَخَيْرَ عَمَلِي خَوَاتِمَهُ، وَخَيْرَ أَيَّامِي يَوْمَ لِقَائِكَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ فِي «الزُّهْدِ» عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَقُولُ فِي دُعَائِهِ: (اللَّهُمَّ ; إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ الَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ لِي فِي عَاقِبَةِ الْأَمْرِ، اللَّهُمَّ ; اجْعَلْ آخِرَ مَا تُعْطِينِي مِنَ الْخَيْرِ رِضْوَانَكَ وَالدَّرَجَاتِ الْعُلَى مِنْ جَنَّاتِ النَّعِيمِ ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ عَرْفَجَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ أَنْ يَبْكِيَ.. فَلْيَبْكِ، وَإِلَّا فَلْيَتَبَاكَ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: (أَهْلَكَهُنَّ الْأَحْمَرَانِ: الذَّهَبُ، وَالزَّعْفَرَانُ ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ مُسْلِمِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَ: (إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ لَيُؤْجَرُ فِي كُلِّ شَيْءٍ ; حَتَّى فِي النَّكْبَةِ وَانْقِطَاعِ شِسْعِهِ، وَالْبِضَاعَةُ تَكُونُ فِي كُمِّهِ، فَيَفْقِدُهَا، فَيَفْزَعُ لَهَا، فَيَجِدُهَا فِي ضَبْنِهِ ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ مِهْرَانَ، قَالَ: أَتَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِغُرَابٍ وَافِرِ الْجَنَاحَيْنِ، فَقَلَبَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: (مَا صِيدَ مِنْ صَيْدٍ، وَلَا عَضَدْتَ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ.. إِلَّا بِمَا ضَيَّعْتَ مِنَ التَّسْبِيحِ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي «الْأَدَبِ» وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ فِي زَوَائِدِ «الزُّهْدِ» عَنِ الصُّنَابِحِيِّ: أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ يَقُولُ: (إِنَّ دُعَاءَ الْأَخِ لِأَخِيهِ فِي اللَّهِ يُسْتَجَابُ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فِي زَوَائِدِ «الزُّهْدِ» عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، عَنْ لَبِيدٍ الشَّاعِرِ: أَنَّهُ قَدِمَ عَلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: أَلَا كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مَا خَلَا اللَّهَ بَاطِلٌ فَقَالَ (صَدَقْتَ)، فَقَالَ: وَكُلُّ نَعِيمٍ لَا مَحَالَةَ زَائِلُ فَقَالَ: (كَذَبْتَ ; عِنْدَ اللَّهِ نَعِيمٌ لَا يَزُولُ)، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى.. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: (رُبَّمَا قَالَ الشَّاعِرُ الْكَلِمَةَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ). كَلِمَاتِهِ الدَّالَّةِ عَلَى شِدَّةِ خَوْفِهِ مِنْ رَبِّهِ أَخْرَجَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ الْحَاكِمُ عَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ قَالَ: دَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ حَائِطًا ; وَإِذَا بِدُبْسِيٍّ فِي ظِلِّ شَجَرَةٍ، فَتَنَفَّسَ الصُّعَدَاءَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: (طُوبَى لَكَ يَا طَيْرُ ; تَأْكُلُ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ، وَتَسْتَظِلُّ بِالشَّجَرِ، وَتَصِيرُ إِلَى غَيْرِ حِسَابٍ، يَا لَيْتَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مِثْلُكَ). وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ الْأَصْمَعِيِّ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ إِذَا مُدِحَ.. قَالَ: (اللَّهُمَّ ; أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ مِنِّي بِنَفْسِي، وَأَنَا أَعْلَمُ بِنَفْسِي مِنْهُمُ، اللَّهُمَّ ; اجْعَلْنِي خَيْرًا مِمَّا يَظُنُّونَ، وَاغْفِرْ لِي مَا لَا يَعْلَمُونَ، وَلَا تُؤَاخِذْنِي بِمَا يَقُولُونَ). وَأَخْرَجَ أَحْمَدُ فِي «الزُّهْدِ» عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ، قَالَ: ( كَانَ ابْنُ الزُّبَيْرِ إِذَا قَامَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ.. كَأَنَّهُ عُودٌ مِنَ الْخُشُوعِ، قَالَ: وَحُدِّثْتُ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ كَذَلِكَ ). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ ضَمْرَةَ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ قَالَ: حَضَرَتِ الْوَفَاةُ ابْنًا لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ، فَجَعَلَ الْفَتَى يَلْحَظُ إِلَى وِسَادَةٍ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ.. قَالُوا لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: رَأَيْنَا ابْنَكَ يَلْحَظُ إِلَى وِسَادَةٍ!! فَدَفَعُوهُ عَنِ الْوِسَادَةِ فَوَجَدُوا تَحْتَهَا خَمْسَةَ دَنَانِيرَ أَوْ سِتَّةً، فَضَرَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِيَدِهِ عَلَى الْأُخْرَى يُرَجِّعُ وَيَقُولُ: (إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، يَا فُلَانُ ; مَا أَحْسَبُ جِلْدَكَ يَتَّسِعُ لَهَا). وَأَخْرَجَ عَنْ ثَابِتٍ الْبُنَانِيِّ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ كَانَ يَتَمَثَّلُ: لَا تَزَالُ تَنْعِي حَبِيبًا حَتَّى تَكُونَهُ وَقَدْ يَرْجُو الْفَتَى الرَّجَا يَمُوتُ دُونَهُ وَأَخْرَجَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ بَعْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَهْيَبَ لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ مِنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ بَعْدَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ أَهْيَبَ لِمَا لَا يَعْلَمُ مِنْ عُمَرَ، وَإِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ نَزَلَتْ بِهِ قَضِيَّةٌ فَلَمْ نَجِدْ لَهَا فِي كِتَابِ اللَّهِ أَصْلًا، وَلَا فِي السُّنَّةِ أَثَرًا، فَقَالَ:) أَجْتَهِدُ رَأْيِي فَإِنْ يَكُنْ صَوَابًا.. فَمِنَ اللَّهِ، وَإِنْ يَكُنْ خَطَأً.. فَمِنِّي وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ). فَائِدَةٌ [فِي قِيَادَةِ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ لِسَرِيَّةٍ فِيهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ ؓ ] أَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي «الدَّلَائِلِ» عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ قَالَ: ( بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَمْرَو بْنَ الْعَاصِي فِي سَرِيَّةٍ فِيهِمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ، فَلَمَّا انْتَهَوْا إِلَى مَكَانِ الْحَرْبِ.. أَمَرَهُمْ عَمْرٌو أَلَّا يُنَوِّرُوا نَارًا، فَغَضِبَ عُمَرُ، فَهَمَّ أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ، فَنَهَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَخْبَرَهُ: أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْتَعْمِلْهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَيْكَ إِلَّا لِعِلْمِهِ بِالْحَرْبِ، فَهَدَأَ عَنْهُ ). وَأَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي مَعْشَرٍ عَنْ بَعْضِ مَشْيَخَتِهِمْ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: « إِنِّي لَأُؤَمِّرَ الرَّجُلَ عَلَى الْقَوْمِ فِيهِمْ مَنْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْهُ ; لِأَنَّهُ أَيْقَظُ عَيْنًا وَأَبْصَرُ بِالْحَرْبِ ». فَائِدَةٌ [فِي ضَيَاعِ الْأَمَانَةِ] أَخْرَجَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ فِي «الدَّلَائِلِ» عَنْ أَسْمَاءَ بِنْتِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ قَالَتْ: (لَمَّا كَانَ عَامُ الْفَتْحِ.. خَرَجَتِ ابْنَةٌ لِأَبِي قُحَافَةَ، فَلَقِيَتْهَا الْخَيْلُ، وَفِي عُنُقِهَا طَوْقٌ مِنْ وَرِقٍ، فَاقْتَطَعَهُ إِنْسَانٌ مِنْ عُنُقِهَا، فَلَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْمَسْجِدَ.. قَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ طَوْقَ أُخْتِي، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا أَجَابَهُ أَحَدٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَمَا أَجَابَهُ أَحَدٌ، فَقَالَ: يَا أُخَيَّةُ ; احْتَسِبِي طَوْقَكِ، فَوَاللَّهِ ; إِنَّ الْأَمَانَةَ الْيَوْمَ فِي النَّاسِ لَقَلِيلٌ).
Translation
✧ SECTION On the reports related from al-Ṣiddīq ؓ among the stopped traditions — whether as utterance, ruling, sermon, or supplication. Al-Lālakāʾī narrated in al-Sunnah from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: A man came to Abū Bakr and said: “Do you consider fornication to be by divine decree?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “So Allah decreed it upon me, then He will punish me?” He said: “Yes, O son of the foul-smelling woman! By Allah, if I had a man present, I would command that your nose be struck.” Ibn Abī Shaybah narrated in his Muṣannaf from al-Zubayr that Abū Bakr said while addressing the people: “O people, be ashamed before Allah, for by the One in whose hand is my soul, when I go out to relieve myself in the open, I remain with my head covered, out of shame before my Lord.” ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated in his Muṣannaf from ʿAmr b. Dīnār, who said: Abū Bakr ؓ said: “Be ashamed before Allah, for by Allah, I enter the privy and lean my back against the wall, out of shame before Allah.” Abū Dāwūd narrated in his Sunan from Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ṣunābiḥī that he prayed Maghrib behind Abū Bakr, and he recited in the first two rakʿahs Umm al-Qurʾān and a short sūrah from the Mufaṣṣal, and in the third he recited: “Our Lord, do not let our hearts deviate after You have guided us” — the verse. Ibn Abī Khaythamah and Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from Ibn ʿUyaynah, who said: When Abū Bakr offered condolences to a man, he would say: “There is no misfortune alongside consolation, and there is no benefit alongside anguish. Death is less severe than what precedes it and more severe than what follows it. Remember the loss of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and your affliction will seem small; may Allah magnify your reward.” Ibn Abī Shaybah and al-Dāraquṭnī narrated from Sālim b. ʿUbayd — a Companion — who said: “Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq used to say to me: ‘Stand between me and dawn so that I may take the pre-dawn meal.’” He also narrated from Abū Qilābah and Abū al-Safar, who said: “Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq used to say: ‘Close the door so that we may take the pre-dawn meal.’” Al-Bayhaqī narrated from Ḥudhayfah b. Asīd, who said: “I reached the time of Abū Bakr and ʿUmar, and they did not offer sacrificial animals, out of a desire to be followed in their practice.” Abū Dāwūd narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: “I testified concerning Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq that he said: ‘Eat the floating fish.’” Al-Shāfiʿī narrated in al-Umm from Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq that he disapproved of selling meat for live animals. Al-Bukhārī narrated from him that he placed the grandfather in the position of the father — meaning, in inheritance. Ibn Abī Shaybah narrated in his Muṣannaf from ʿAṭāʾ, from Abū Bakr, who said: “The grandfather is in the position of the father as long as there is no father closer than him, and the son’s son is in the position of the son as long as there is no son closer than him.” He narrated from al-Qāsim that Abū Bakr was brought a man who had disowned his father. Abū Bakr ؓ said: “Strike the head, for Satan is in the head.” He narrated from Abū Mālik, who said: When Abū Bakr prayed over a deceased person, he would say: “O Allah, Your servant has been surrendered by family, wealth, and kinsfolk, and the sin is great; but You are Forgiving and Merciful.” Saʿīd b. Manṣūr narrated in his Sunan from ʿUmar that Abū Bakr ruled that ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb be given to Umm ʿĀṣim, and said: “Her scent, her smell, and her gentleness are better for him than you.” Al-Bayhaqī narrated from Qays b. Abī Ḥāzim, who said: “A man came to Abū Bakr and said: ‘My father wants to take all my wealth, to sweep it away.’ He said to the father: ‘You are entitled from his wealth only to what suffices you.’ He said: ‘O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, did the Messenger of Allah ﷺ not say: “You and your wealth belong to your father”?’ He said: ‘Yes, and by that he meant only maintenance.’” Aḥmad narrated from ʿAmr b. Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather, that Abū Bakr and ʿUmar did not execute a free man for killing a slave. Al-Bukhārī narrated from Ibn Abī Mulaykah, from his grandfather, that a man bit another man’s hand and knocked out his front tooth, and Abū Bakr declared it of no consequence. Ibn Abī Shaybah and al-Bayhaqī narrated from ʿIkrimah that Abū Bakr ruled for an ear fifteen camels, and said: “Hair and turban conceal its disfigurement.” [I enjoin upon you ten qualities] Al-Bayhaqī and others narrated from Abū ʿImrān al-Jawnī that Abū Bakr sent armies to Syria and put Yazīd b. Abī Sufyān in command over them. He said: “I enjoin upon you ten qualities: do not kill a woman, nor a child, nor an old man, and do not cut down a fruit-bearing tree, and do not destroy an inhabited place, and do not hamstring a sheep or a camel except for food, and do not scatter bees nor burn them, and do not act treacherously with spoils, and do not be cowardly.” Aḥmad, Abū Dāwūd, and al-Nasāʾī narrated from Abū Barzah al-Aslamī, who said: “Abū Bakr became angry with a man, and his anger grew intense. I said: ‘O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, strike off his neck.’ He said: ‘Woe to you! That is not for anyone after the Messenger of Allah ﷺ.’” [Some of al-Ṣiddīq’s rulings ؓ] Sayf narrated in Kitāb al-Futūḥ from his shaykhs that al-Muhājir b. Abī Umayyah — who was governor of al-Yamāmah — had two singing women brought before him. One of them sang in vilification of the Prophet ﷺ, so he cut off her hand and extracted her front teeth. The other sang in satire of the Muslims, so he cut off her hand and extracted her front tooth. Abū Bakr wrote to him: “I have learned what you did to the woman who sang in vilification of the Prophet ﷺ. Had you not preceded me in it, I would have commanded you to kill her, because the prescribed punishment for the prophets is unlike other prescribed punishments. Whoever engages in that from among the Muslims is an apostate, or from among the protected people is a treacherous combatant. As for the one who sang in satire of the Muslims: if she was among those who claim Islam, then it is a disciplinary chastisement and a warning short of mutilation; if she was a dhimmī, then by my life, what you have passed over from her of shirk is greater. Had I given you prior instruction in such a matter, you would have incurred what is disliked. Accept ease, and beware of mutilating people, for it is a sin and a cause of aversion, except in retaliation.” Mālik and al-Dāraquṭnī narrated from Ṣafiyyah bt. Abī ʿUbayd that a man had intercourse with a virgin slave girl and confessed. He commanded that he be flogged, then banished him to Fadak. Abū Yaʿlā narrated from Muḥammad b. Ḥāṭib, who said: A man who had stolen and whose limbs had already been cut off was brought to Abū Bakr. Abū Bakr ؓ said: “I find nothing for you except what the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled concerning you on the day he commanded that you be killed, for he knew you better.” Then he commanded that he be killed. Mālik narrated from al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad that a man from Yemen with a hand and a foot cut off arrived and lodged with Abū Bakr. He complained to him that the governor of Yemen had wronged him. He used to pray at night, and Abū Bakr would say: “By your father, your night is not the night of a thief!” Then they missed some jewelry belonging to Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays, the wife of Abū Bakr. The man began going around with them, saying: “O Allah, take the one who broke into the house of this righteous household by night.” They found the jewelry with a goldsmith, who claimed that the amputee had brought it to him. The amputee confessed, or testimony was given against him, so Abū Bakr commanded that his left hand be cut off. Abū Bakr ؓ said: “By Allah, his supplication against himself is more serious in my view than his theft.” Al-Dāraquṭnī narrated from Anas that Abū Bakr cut off the hand for a shield worth five dirhams. Abū Nuʿaym narrated in al-Ḥilyah from Abū Ṣāliḥ, who said: When the people of Yemen came in the time of Abū Bakr and heard the Qurʾān, they began to weep. Abū Bakr ؓ said: “Thus we were, then the hearts grew hard.” Abū Nuʿaym said: that is, they gained strength and became tranquil through knowledge of Allah the Exalted. Al-Bukhārī narrated from Ibn ʿUmar, who said: Abū Bakr ؓ said: “Honor Muḥammad ﷺ in his household.” Abū ʿUbayd narrated in al-Gharīb from Abū Bakr, who said: “Blessed is he who dies in the naʾnaʾah” — that is, in the earliest period of Islam before the stirring of trials. The Four and Mālik narrated from Qabīṣah, who said: “A grandmother came to Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq asking about her inheritance. He said: ‘You have nothing in the Book of Allah, and I know of nothing for you in the Sunnah of the Prophet of Allah ﷺ. Go back until I ask the people.’ So he asked the people. Al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah ؓ said: ‘I was present when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave her a sixth.’ Abū Bakr said: ‘Is there anyone else with you?’ Muḥammad b. Maslamah stood up and said the same as al-Mughīrah. So Abū Bakr gave it to her.” Mālik and al-Dāraquṭnī narrated from al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad that two grandmothers came to Abū Bakr seeking their inheritance: a mother’s mother and a father’s mother. He gave the inheritance to the mother’s mother. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Sahl al-Anṣārī — one of those who witnessed Badr, a brother of the Banū Ḥārithah — said to him: “O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, you have given it to the one who, if she had died, would not have inherited from her!” So he divided it between the two of them.” ʿAbd al-Razzāq narrated in his Muṣannaf from ʿĀʾishah ؓ the ḥadīth of the wife of Rifāʿah who was divorced from him and married after him ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. al-Zubayr, but he was unable to consummate the marriage with her. She wanted to return to Rifāʿah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “No, not until you taste his sweetness and he tastes your sweetness.” This extent is in the Ṣaḥīḥ. ʿAbd al-Razzāq added: She waited, then came to him and informed him that he had touched her. He prevented her from returning to her first husband, and said: “O Allah, if her only aim is to return to Rifāʿah, then do not let his marriage to her be completed another time.” Then she came to Abū Bakr and ʿUmar in their caliphates, and they prevented her. Al-Bayhaqī narrated from ʿUqbah b. ʿĀmir that ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ and Shuraḥbīl b. Ḥasanah sent him as a messenger to Abū Bakr with the head of Bunān, the patrician of Syria. When he arrived before Abū Bakr, he disapproved of that. ʿUqbah said to him: “O Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, they do that to us!” He said: “Are you following the practice of Persia and Byzantium? No head is to be brought to me. A written report and news is sufficient.” Al-Bukhārī narrated from Qays b. Abī Ḥāzim, who said: “Abū Bakr entered upon a woman of Aḥmas named Zaynab and saw that she was not speaking. He said: ‘Why is she not speaking?’ They said: ‘She performed Ḥajj in silence.’ He said to her: ‘Speak, for this is not lawful; this is from the practice of the Jāhiliyyah.’ So she spoke and said: ‘Who are you?’ He said: ‘A man from the Muhājirūn.’ She said: ‘Which of the Muhājirūn?’ He said: ‘From Quraysh.’ She said: ‘From which Quraysh?’ He said: ‘You are very inquisitive. I am Abū Bakr.’ She said: ‘How long will we remain upon this righteous affair that Allah brought after the Jāhiliyyah?’ He said: ‘You will remain upon it as long as your leaders are upright.’ She said: ‘And what are the leaders?’ He said: ‘Did not your people have chiefs and nobles who commanded them and they obeyed them?’ She said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Then those are the ones over the people.’” Al-Nasāʾī narrated from Aslam that ʿUmar looked in on Abū Bakr while he was holding his tongue, and he said: “This is what has brought me to destruction.” Abū ʿUbayd narrated in al-Gharīb from Abū Bakr that he passed by ʿAbd al-Raḥmān while he was quarreling with a neighbor of his, and said to him: “Do not quarrel with your neighbor, for he will remain while people depart from you.” Al-mumāẓẓah: dispute and quarreling. [From the sermons of our master Abū Bakr ؓ] Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from Mūsā b. ʿUqbah that Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq used to deliver sermons and say: “Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds. I praise Him and seek His aid, and we ask Him for honor after death, for my appointed time and yours has drawn near. I bear witness that there is no deity but Allah, alone without partner, and that Muḥammad is His servant and His messenger. He sent him with the truth as a bearer of glad tidings and a warner, and as an illuminating lamp, to warn whoever is alive and to make the word due against the disbelievers. Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has been guided, and whoever disobeys them has strayed in manifest error. I enjoin upon you fear of Allah and holding fast to the command of Allah which He prescribed for you and by which He guided you. For the comprehensive elements of Islam’s guidance, after the word of sincerity, are listening and obedience to the one whom Allah has placed in authority over your affair. Whoever obeys the one in authority in what is good and in forbidding what is wrong has succeeded and has discharged the duty of truth incumbent upon him. Beware of following passion, for he has succeeded who is preserved from passion, greed, and anger. Beware of boasting. What boasting is there for one who was created from dust, then returns to dust, then worms consume him, and who is alive today and dead tomorrow? Act day by day and hour by hour, and guard against the supplication of the wronged. Count yourselves among the dead, and be patient, for all action is through patience. Be wary, and wariness benefits. Act, and action is accepted. Beware of what Allah has warned you of His punishment, and hasten toward what Allah has promised you of His mercy. Understand and strive to understand; fear and be wary. For Allah has made clear to you what He destroyed those before you by, and what He saved those before you by. He has made clear to you in His Book its lawful and its unlawful, and what deeds He loves and what He hates. I do not spare you or myself. Allah is the One whose help is sought, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah. Know that whatever of your deeds you perform sincerely for Allah, you have obeyed your Lord, guarded your portion, and rejoiced. And whatever you do voluntarily for your Lord, make it supererogatory works before you, so that you may complete what is due from your past and receive your reward at the time of your poverty and need for it. Then reflect, O servants of Allah, on your brothers and companions who have passed on. They have arrived at what they sent ahead and settled upon it, and they have taken their place in misery or felicity after death. Indeed, Allah has no partner, and there is no kinship between Him and anyone of His creation through which He grants him good or turns away from him evil, except through obedience to Him and following His command. For there is no good in a good thing after which comes the Fire, and there is no evil in an evil thing after which comes the Garden. I say this statement of mine, and I seek forgiveness from Allah for myself and for you. Send blessings upon your Prophet ﷺ, and ﷺ and the mercy of Allah and His blessings.” Al-Ḥākim and al-Bayhaqī narrated from ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUkaym, who said: Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq addressed us, praised Allah, and lauded Him as He deserves. Then he said: “I enjoin upon you fear of Allah and praise of Him as He deserves, and that you combine hope with fear. For Allah the Exalted praised Zakariyyā and his family and said: ‘They used to hasten to good deeds and call upon Us in hope and fear, and they were humble before Us.’ Then know, O servants of Allah, that Allah has pledged your souls by His right, taken your covenants upon that, and purchased from you the little and fleeting with the much and enduring. And this is the Book of Allah among you: its light is not extinguished and its wonders do not cease. Seek light from it, accept its counsel, and seek light from it for the day of darkness. For He created you only for His worship and appointed over you noble recorders who know what you do. Then know, O servants of Allah, that you go forth in the morning and return in the evening within a term whose knowledge has been hidden from you. If you are able that your terms expire while you are engaged in the work of Allah, then do so. And you will never be able to do that except by Allah. Race ahead with your terms before your terms expire, lest He send you back to the worst of your deeds. For a people made their terms for other than themselves and forgot themselves, so I forbid you to be like them. So hasten, hasten, then flee, flee; for behind you is a seeker whose passage is swift.) Ibn Abī al-Dunyā, Aḥmad in al-Zuhd, and Abū Nuʿaym in al-Ḥilyah transmitted from Yaḥyā b. Abī Kathīr that Abū Bakr used to say in his sermon: (Where are the bright-faced, beautiful ones, proud of their youth? Where are the kings who built cities and fortified them? Where are those who were granted victory in the arenas of war? Their pillars have crumbled when time ravaged them, and they have come to be in the darkness of the graves. Hasten, hasten, then flee, flee.) Aḥmad transmitted in al-Zuhd from Salmān, who said: I came to Abū Bakr and said, 'Give me a charge.' He said, 'O Salmān, fear Allah, and know that there will be conquests. Let me not see that your share of them is what you put into your belly or cast upon your back. And know that whoever prays the five prayers comes to the morning under the protection of Allah and comes to the evening under the protection of Allah, the Exalted. So do not kill anyone from the people of Allah's protection, lest you violate Allah's protection, and Allah will cast you into the Fire upon your face.' He transmitted from Abū Bakr ؓ that he said: (The righteous are taken away one after another until there remain from the people dregs like the dregs of dates and barley, and Allah pays no heed to them.) Saʿīd b. Manṣūr transmitted in his Sunan from Muʿāwiyah b. Qurrah that Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ used to say in his supplication: (O Allah, make the best of my life its end, and the best of my deeds their seals, and the best of my days the day I meet You.) Aḥmad transmitted in al-Zuhd from al-Ḥasan, who said: It reached me that Abū Bakr used to say in his supplication: (O Allah, I ask You for that which is best for me in the final outcome of the matter. O Allah, make the last of what You give me of good Your good pleasure and the highest degrees of the Gardens of Bliss.) He transmitted from ʿArfajah, who said: Abū Bakr said: (Whoever is able to weep, let him weep; otherwise, let him pretend to weep.) He transmitted from ʿUrwah, from Abū Bakr, who said: (The two red ones destroyed them: gold and saffron.) He transmitted from Muslim b. Yasār, from Abū Bakr, who said: (A Muslim is rewarded for everything, even for a stumble and the breaking of his sandal strap, and for merchandise in his sleeve that he loses and then is alarmed for it and finds it in his side.) He transmitted from Maymūn b. Mihrān, who said: A crow with full wings was brought to Abū Bakr; he turned it over and said: (No game is hunted and no tree is cut except because of the glorification you have neglected.) Al-Bukhārī transmitted in al-Adab and ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad in the additions to al-Zuhd from al-Ṣunābiḥī that he heard Abū Bakr say: (The supplication of a brother for his brother for the sake of Allah is answered.) ʿAbd Allāh transmitted in the additions to al-Zuhd from ʿUbayd b. ʿUmayr, from the poet Labīd, that he came to Abū Bakr and said: Indeed, everything except Allah is false, He said, 'You have spoken truly.' Then he said: And every bliss must inevitably pass away. He said, 'You have lied. With Allah there is bliss that does not pass away.' When he turned away, Abū Bakr said: (A poet may speak a word of wisdom.) His words indicating his intense fear of his Lord Abū Aḥmad al-Ḥākim transmitted from Muʿādh b. Jabal, who said: Abū Bakr entered an orchard, and there was a dove in the shade of a tree. He sighed deeply and said: (Blessed are you, O bird! You eat from the trees and take shade beneath them, and you go to no reckoning. Would that Abū Bakr were like you.) Ibn ʿAsākir transmitted from al-Aṣmaʿī, who said: When Abū Bakr was praised, he would say: (O Allah, You know me better than I know myself, and I know myself better than they do. O Allah, make me better than what they think, and forgive me for what they do not know, and do not take me to account for what they say.) Aḥmad transmitted in al-Zuhd from Mujāhid, who said: (When Ibn al-Zubayr stood in prayer, he was like a stick from humility. He said: And I was told that Abū Bakr was like that.) He transmitted from Ḍamrah b. Ḥabīb, who said: Death attended a son of Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. The youth kept glancing at a cushion. When he died, they said to Abū Bakr, 'We saw your son glancing at a cushion!' They moved the cushion and found beneath it five or six dīnārs. Abū Bakr struck one hand upon the other, repeating: (Indeed we belong to Allah and to Him we return. O so-and-so, I do not think your skin could contain them.) He transmitted from Thābit al-Bunānī that Abū Bakr used to recite: You keep mourning a loved one until you become him, and a young man may hope for a hope but die before it. Ibn Saʿd transmitted from Ibn Sīrīn, who said: No one after the Prophet ﷺ was more awed by what he did not know than Abū Bakr, and no one after Abū Bakr was more awed by what he did not know than ʿUmar. A case came to Abū Bakr for which we found no basis in the Book of Allah and no trace in the Sunnah. He said: (I will exercise my own judgment. If it is right, then it is from Allah; if it is wrong, then it is from me, and I seek Allah's forgiveness.) Benefit [On the leadership of ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ over a raiding party that included Abū Bakr and ʿUmar ؓ] Al-Bayhaqī transmitted in al-Dalāʾil from ʿAbd Allāh b. Buraydah, who said: (The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ in a raiding party that included Abū Bakr and ʿUmar. When they reached the place of battle, ʿAmr ordered them not to light a fire. ʿUmar became angry and intended to go to him, but Abū Bakr forbade him and told him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had appointed him over you only because of his knowledge of warfare. So he calmed down.) Al-Bayhaqī transmitted through Abū Maʿshar from some of their elders that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: 'I may appoint a man over a people among whom there is one better than him, because he is more wakeful of eye and more discerning in warfare.' Benefit [On the loss of trustworthiness] Al-Bayhaqī transmitted in al-Dalāʾil from Asmāʾ bt. Abī Bakr, who said: (In the year of the conquest, a daughter of Abū Quḥāfah went out, and she met the cavalry. On her neck was a necklace of silver, which a man cut from her neck. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered the mosque, Abū Bakr stood and said: 'I adjure you by Allah and Islam to return my sister's necklace.' By Allah, no one answered him. Then he said it a second time, and no one answered him. He said: 'O my little sister, count your necklace as a loss. By Allah, trustworthiness among the people today is indeed scarce.)
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