Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1774
The story of the portico of Banū Sāʿidah and the pledge of allegiance to Abū Bakr as caliph
وَسَمِعَ عُمَرُ الْخَبَرَ فَأَتَى مَنْزِلَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ فِيهِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ أَنِ اخْرُجْ إِلَيَّ. فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِ: إِنِّي مُشْتَغِلٌ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: قَدْ حَدَثَ أَمْرٌ لَابُدَّ لَكَ مِنْ حُضُورِهِ. فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ، فَأَعْلَمَهُ الْخَبَرَ، فَمَضَيَا مُسْرِعِينَ نَحْوَهُمْ وَمَعَهُمَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ. حَتَّى لَقِيا مِنْهُمْ رَجُلَانِ صَالِحَانِ: عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدٍ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي قَالَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا سُئِلَ: مَنِ الَّذِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ: [ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَتَطَهَّرُوا وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُطَّهِّرِينَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «نِعْمَ الْمَرْءُ عُوَيْمُ بْنُ سَاعِدَةَ» ] وَمَعْنُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ، وَيُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ لَمَّا بَكَى النَّاسُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ تَوَفَّاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، وَقَالُوا: وَدِدْنَا وَاللَّهِ أَنْ مُتْنَا قَبْلَهُ، إِنَّا نَخْشَى أَنْ نُفْتَنَ بَعْدَهُ، فَقَالَ مَعْنٌ: إِنِّي وَاللَّهِ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنِّي مُتُّ قَبْلَهُ حَتَّى أُصَدِّقَهُ مَيِّتًا كَمَا صَدَّقْتُهُ حَيًّا، وَقُتِلَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ شَهِيدًا يَوْمَ الْيَمَامَةِ، فَذَكَرَا لَنَا مَا تَمَالَأَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْمُ، وَقَالَا: أَيْنَ تُرِيدُونَ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ ؟ قُلْنَا: نُرِيدُ إِخْوَانَنَا هَؤُلَاءِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، قَالَا: فَلَا عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ لَا تُقَرِّبُوهُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، اقْضُوا أَمْرَكُمْ، قَالَ: قُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَنَأْتِيَنَّهُمْ. قَالَ عُمَرُ: فَأَتَيْنَاهُمْ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ، فَإِذَا بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ رَجُلٌ مُزَمَّلٌ فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا ؟ فَقَالُوا: سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا لَهُ ؟ فَقَالُوا: وَجِعَ. فَلَمَّا جَلَسْنَا تَشَهَّدَ خَطِيبُهُمْ، فَأَثْنَى عَلَى اللَّهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهْلٌ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَمَّا بَعْدُ، فَنَحْنُ أَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ وَكَتِيبَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَنْتُمْ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ رَهْطٌ مِنَّا، وَقَدْ دَفَّتْ دَافَّةٌ مِنْ قَوْمِكُمْ، قَالَ: وَإِذَا هُمْ يُرِيدُونَ أَنْ يَحْتَازُونَا مِنْ أَصْلِنَا، وَيَغْصِبُونَا الْأَمْرَ، فَلَمَّا سَكَتَ أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَتَكَلَّمَ، وَقَدْ كُنْتُ زَوَّرْتُ كَلَامًا أَقُولُهُ لَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْتُ أَقُولُ أَسْكَتَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَتَكَلَّمَ بِكُلِّ مَا أَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَقُولَ، فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَ فِينَا رَسُولًا شَهِيدًا عَلَى أُمَّتِهِ لِيَعْبُدُوهُ وَيُوَحِّدُوهُ، وَهُمْ يَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ آلِهَةً شَتَّى مِنْ حَجَرٍ وَخَشَبٍ، فَعَظُمَ عَلَى الْعَرَبِ أَنْ يَتْرُكُوا دِينَ آبَائِهِمْ. فَخَصَّ اللَّهُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ بِتَصْدِيقِهِ وَالْمُوَاسَاةِ لَهُ، وَالصَّبْرِ مَعَهُ عَلَى شِدَّةِ أَذَى قَوْمِهِمْ لَهُمْ وَتَكْذِيبِهِمْ إِيَّاهُمْ، وَكُلُّ النَّاسِ لَهُمْ مُخَالِفٌ زَارٍ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَلَمْ يَسْتَوْحِشُوا لِقِلَّةِ عَدَدِهِمْ وَشَنَفِ النَّاسِ لَهُمْ، فَهُمْ أَوَّلُ مَنْ عَبَدَ اللَّهَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ، وَآمَنَ بِاللَّهِ وَبِالرَّسُولِ، وَهُمْ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ وَعَشِيرَتُهُ، وَأَحَقُّ النَّاسِ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ، لَا يُنَازِعُهُمْ إِلَّا ظَالِمٌ، ولَمْ يَتْرُكْ شَيْئًا أُنْزِلَ فِي الْأَنْصَارِ وَلَا ذَكَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ شَأْنِهِمْ إِلَّا ذَكَرَهُ، وَقَالَ: لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُمْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ " لَوْ سَلَكَ النَّاسُ وَادِيًا، وَسَلَكَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ وَادِيًا، سَلَكْتُ وَادِيَ الْأَنْصَارِ " وَلَقِدْ عَلِمْتَ يَا سَعْدُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَأَنْتَ قَاعِدٌ: " قُرَيْشٌ وُلَاةُ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ، فَبَرُّ النَّاسِ تَبَعٌ لِبَرِّهِمْ، وَفَاجِرُهُمْ تَبَعٌ لِفَاجِرِهِمْ " فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدٌ: صَدَقْتَ نَحْنُ الْوُزَرَاءُ وَأَنْتُمُ الْأُمَرَاءُ. لَا تُفَاوَتُونَ بِمَشُورَةٍ، وَلَا تُقْضَى دُونَكُمُ الْأُمُورُ. فَقَامَ حُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ بْنِ الْجَمُوحِ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، امْلِكُوا عَلَيْكُمْ أَمْرَكُمْ، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ فِي ظِلِّكُمْ، وَلَنْ يَجْتَرِئَ مُجْتَرِئٌ عَلَى خِلَافِكُمْ، وَلَا يَصْدُرُوا إِلَّا عَنْ رَأْيِكُمْ، أَنْتُمْ أَهْلُ الْعِزِّ وَأُولُو الْعَدَدِ وَالْمَنْعَةِ وَذَوُو الْبَأْسِ، وَإِنَّمَا يَنْظُرُ النَّاسُ مَا تَصْنَعُونَ، وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُوا فَيَفْسَدَ عَلَيْكُمْ أَمْرُكُمْ، أَبَى هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَّا مَا سَمِعْتُمْ، فَمِنَّا أَمِيرٌ وَمِنْكُمْ أَمِيرٌ. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: هَيْهَاتَ، لَا يَجْتَمِعُ اثْنَانِ فِي قَرْنٍ ! وَاللَّهِ لَا تَرْضَى الْعَرَبُ أَنْ تُؤَمِّرَكُمْ وَنَبِيُّنَا مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ، وَلَا تَمْتَنِعُ الْعَرَبُ أَنْ تُوَلِّيَ أَمْرَهَا مَنْ كَانَتِ النُّبُوَّةُ فِيهِمْ، وَلَنَا بِذَلِكَ الْحُجَّةُ الظَّاهِرَةُ، مَنْ يُنَازِعُنَا سُلْطَانَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَنَحْنُ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ وَعَشِيرَتُهُ ؟ ! فَقَالَ الْحُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، امْلِكُوا عَلَى أَيْدِيكُمْ، وَلَا تَسْمَعُوا مَقَالَةَ هَذَا وَأَصْحَابِهِ فَيَذْهَبُوا بِنَصِيبِكُمْ مِنْ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا عَلَيْكُمْ فَأَجْلُوهُمْ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْبِلَادِ، وَتَوَلُّوا عَلَيْهِمْ هَذِهِ الْأُمُورَ، فَأَنْتُمْ وَاللَّهِ أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا الْأَمْرِ مِنْهُمْ، فَإِنَّهُ بِأَسْيَافِكُمْ دَانَ النَّاسُ لِهَذَا الدِّينِ، أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا الْمُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا الْمُرَجَّبُ ! أَنَا أَبُو شِبْلٍ فِي عَرِينَةِ الْأَسَدِ، وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ شِئْتُمْ لَنُعِيدَنَّهَا جَذَعَةً. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: إِذًا لَيَقْتُلُكَ اللَّهُ ! فَقَالَ: بَلْ إِيَّاكَ يَقْتُلُ. فَقَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، إِنَّكُمْ أَوَّلُ مَنْ نَصَرَ، فَلَا تَكُونُوا أَوَّلَ مَنْ بَدَّلَ وَغَيَّرَ ! فَقَامَ بَشِيرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ بْنُ بَشِيرٍ فَقَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْصَارِ، إِنَّا وَاللَّهِ وَإِنْ كُنَّا أُولِي فَضِيلَةٍ فِي جِهَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَسَابِقَةٍ فِي الدِّينِ، مَا أَرَدْنَا بِهِ إِلَّا رِضَى رَبِّنَا، وَطَاعَةَ نَبِيِّنَا، وَالْكَدْحَ لِأَنْفُسِنَا، فَمَا يَنْبَغِي أَنْ نَسْتَطِيلَ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِذَلِكَ، وَلَا نَبْتَغِيَ بِهِ الدُّنْيَا، أَلَا إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَقَوْمُهُ أَوْلَى بِهِ، وَايْمُ اللَّهِ لَا يَرَانِي اللَّهُ أُنَازِعُهُمْ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ، فَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُخَالِفُوهُمْ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: هَذَا عُمَرُ وَأَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ، فَإِنْ شِئْتُمْ فَبَايِعُوا. فَقَالَا: وَاللَّهِ لَا نَتَوَلَّى هَذَا الْأَمْرَ عَلَيْكَ، وَأَنْتَ أَفْضَلُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَخَلِيفَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَهِيَ أَفْضَلُ دِينِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ابْسُطْ يَدَكَ نُبَايِعْكَ. فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَا يُبَايِعَانِهِ سَبَقَهُمَا بَشِيرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ فَبَايَعَهُ، فَنَادَاهُ الْحُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ: عَقَّتْكَ عَقَاقِ ! أَنَفِسْتَ عَلَى ابْنِ عَمِّكَ الْإِمَارَةَ ؟ فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، وَلَكِنِّي كَرِهْتُ أَنْ أُنَازِعَ الْقَوْمَ حَقَّهُمْ. وَلَمَّا رَأَتِ الْأَوْسُ مَا صَنَعَ بَشِيرٌ وَمَا تَطْلُبُ الْخَزْرَجُ مِنْ تَأْمِيرِ سَعْدٍ - قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ، وَفِيهِمْ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ حُضَيْرٍ، وَكَانَ نَقِيبًا: وَاللَّهِ لَئِنْ وَلِيَتْهَا الْخَزْرَجُ مَرَّةً لَا زَالَتْ لَهُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ بِذَلِكَ الْفَضِيلَةُ، وَلَا جَعَلُوا لَكُمْ فِيهَا نَصِيبًا أَبَدًا، فَقُومُوا فَبَايِعُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ. فَبَايَعُوهُ، فَانْكَسَرَ عَلَى سَعْدٍ وَالْخَزْرَجِ مَا أَجْمَعُوا عَلَيْهِ، وَأَقْبَلَ النَّاسُ يُبَايِعُونَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ مِنْ كُلِّ جَانِبٍ. ثُمَّ تَحَوَّلَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ إِلَى دَارِهِ فَبَقِيَ أَيَّامًا، وَأُرْسِلَ إِلَيْهِ لِيُبَايِعَ، فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ قَدْ بَايَعُوا، فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ، حَتَّى أَرْمِيَكُمْ بِمَا فِي كِنَانَتِي، وَأَخْضِبَ سِنَانَ رُمْحِي، وَأَضْرِبَ بِسَيْفِي، وَأُقَاتِلَكُمْ بِأَهْلِ بَيْتِي وَمَنْ أَطَاعَنِي، وَلَوِ اجْتَمَعَ مَعَكُمُ الْجِنُّ وَالْأِنْسُ مَا بَايَعْتُكُمْ حَتَّى أُعْرَضَ عَلَى رَبِّي. فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: لَا تَدْعُهُ حَتَّى يُبَايِعَ. فَقَالَ بَشِيرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ: إِنَّهُ قَدْ لَجَّ وَأَبَى، وَلَا يُبَايِعُكُمْ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ، وَلَيْسَ بِمَقْتُولٍ حَتَّى يُقْتَلَ مَعَهُ أَهْلُهُ وَطَائِفَةٌ مِنْ عَشِيرَتِهِ، وَلَا يَضُرُّكُمْ تَرْكُهُ، وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ. فَتَرَكُوهُ. وَجَاءَتْ أَسْلَمُ فَبَايَعَتْ، فَقَوِيَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِهِمْ، وَبَايَعَ النَّاسُ بَعْدُ. قِيلَ إِنَّ عُمَرَ بْنَ حُرَيْثٍ قَالَ لِسَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ: مَتَى بُويِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؟ قَالَ: يَوْمَ مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَرِهُوا أَنْ يَبْقُوا بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ وَلَيْسُوا فِي جَمَاعَةٍ. وذَكَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ عَنْ أَشْيَاخِهِ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ بُويِعَ يَوْمَ قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: بُويِعَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ يَوْمَ الثُّلَاثَاءِ مِنَ الْغَدِ الَّذِي قُبِضَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَقِيفَةِ بَنِي سَاعِدَةَ. وقَالَ الزُّهْرِيُّ: بَقِيَ عَلِيٌّ وَبَنُو هَاشِمٍ وَالزُّبَيْرُ سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ لَمْ يُبَايِعُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ؓ فَبَايَعُوهُ. فَائِدَةٌ جَلِيلَةٌ وَهِيَ مُبَايَعَةُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِمَّا فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ أَوْ فِي الْيَوْمِ الثَّانِي مِنَ الْوَفَاةِ. وَهَذَا حَقٌّ فَإِنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لَمْ يُفَارِقِ الصِّدِّيقَ فِي وَقْتٍ مِنَ الْأَوْقَاتِ، وَلَمْ يَنْقَطِعْ فِي صَلَاةٍ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ خَلْفَهُ، كَمَا سَنَذْكُرُهُ وَخَرَجَ مَعَهُ إِلَى ذِي الْقَصَّةِ، لَمَّا خَرَجَ الصِّدِّيقُ شَاهِرًا سَيْفَهُ يُرِيدُ قِتَالَ أَهْلِ الرِّدَّةِ كَمَا سَنُبِيِّنُهُ قَرِيبًا، وَلَكِنْ لَمَّا حَصَلَ مِنْ فَاطِمَةَ ؓ عَتْبٌ عَلَى الصِّدِّيقِ بِسَبَبِ مَا كَانَتْ مُتَوَهِّمَةً مِنْ أَنَّهَا تَسْتَحِقُّ مِيرَاثَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ بِمَا أَخْبَرَهَا بِهِ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ " لَا نُورَثُ، مَا تَرَكْنَا فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ " فَحَجَبَهَا وَغَيْرَهَا مِنْ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَعَمَّهُ عَنِ الْمِيرَاثِ بِهَذَا النَّصِّ الصَّرِيحِ، كَمَا سَنُبَيِّنُ ذَلِكَ فِي مَوْضِعِهِ، فَسَأَلَتْهُ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ عَلِيٌّ زَوْجُهَا فِي صَدَقَةِ الْأَرْضِ الَّتِي بِخَيْبَرَ وَفَدَكَ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهَا إِلَى ذَلِكَ ; لِأَنَّهُ رَأَى أَنَّ حَقًّا عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَقُومَ فِي جَمِيعِ مَا كَانَ يَتَوَلَّاهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ الصَّادِقُ الْبَارُّ الرَّاشِدُ التَّابِعُ لِلْحَقِّ ؓ فَحَصَلَ لَهَا - وَهِيَ امْرَأَةٌ مِنَ الْبَشَرِ لَيْسَتْ بِوَاجِبَةِ الْعِصْمَةِ - عَتْبٌ وَتَغَضُّبٌ، وَلَمْ تُكَلِّمِ الصِّدِّيقَ حَتَّى مَاتَتْ ؓ، وَاحْتَاجَ عَلِيٌّ أَنْ يُرَاعِيَ خَاطِرَهَا بَعْضَ الشَّيْءِ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَتْ بَعْدَ سِتَّةِ أَشْهُرٍ مِنْ وَفَاةِ أَبِيهَا ﷺ رَأَى عَلِيٌّ أَنْ يُجَدِّدَ الْبَيْعَةَ مَعَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، ؓ كَمَا سَنَذْكُرُهُ مِنْ " الصَّحِيحَيْنِ " وَغَيْرِهِمَا فِيمَا بَعْدُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، مَعَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ لَهُ مِنَ الْبَيْعَةِ قَبْلَ دَفْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَيَزِيدُ ذَلِكَ صِحَّةً قَوْلُ مُوسَى بْنِ عُقْبَةَ فِي " مَغَازِيهِ "، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَنَّ أَبَاهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ عَوْفٍ كَانَ مَعَ عُمَرَ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ كَسَرَ سَيْفَ الزُّبَيْرِ ثُمَّ خَطَبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، وَاعْتَذَرَ إِلَى النَّاسِ وَقَالَ: وَاللَّهِ مَا كُنْتُ حَرِيصًا عَلَى الْإِمَارَةِ يَوْمًا وَلَا لَيْلَةً، وَلَا سَأَلْتُهَا اللَّهَ فِي سِرٍّ وَلَا عَلَانِيَةٍ. فَقَبِلَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ مَقَالَتَهُ، وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ وَالزُّبَيْرُ: مَا غَضِبْنَا إِلَّا لِأَنَّا أُخِّرْنَا عَنِ الْمَشُورَةِ، وَإِنَّا نَرَى أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ أَحَقُّ النَّاسِ بِهَا، إِنَّهُ لَصَاحِبُ الْغَارِ وَإِنَّا لَنَعْرِفُ شَرَفَهُ وَخَبَرَهُ، وَلَقَدْ أَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالصَّلَاةِ بِالنَّاسِ وَهُوَ حَيٌّ. إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ.
Translation
✧ ʿUmar heard the news, so he came to the dwelling of the Prophet ﷺ while Abū Bakr was inside it. He sent word to him: 'Come out to me.' He sent back to him: 'I am occupied.' ʿUmar said: 'A matter has occurred that you must attend.' So he came out to him, and he informed him of the news, and they went quickly toward them, with Abū ʿUbaydah accompanying them. Then they met two righteous men from them: ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah—he is the one about whom the Messenger of God ﷺ said, when he was asked: 'Who are those of whom God said: [In it are men who love to purify themselves, and God loves the purified]?' The Prophet ﷺ said: 'What an excellent man ʿUwaym b. Sāʿidah is'—and Maʿn b. ʿAdī. It is said that when the people wept over the Messenger of God ﷺ when God Most High took him, and they said: 'By God, we wish we had died before him; we fear that we will be tried after him,' Maʿn said: 'By God, I would not love that I had died before him, so that I could attest to him dead as I attested to him alive.' He was killed, may God have mercy on him, as a martyr on the day of al-Yamāmah. The two of them mentioned to us what the people had agreed upon, and they said: 'Where do you intend, O company of the Emigrants?' We said: 'We intend these brothers of ours from the Anṣār.' They said: 'You need not draw near them, O company of the Emigrants; settle your affair.' He said: I said: 'By God, we will go to them.' ʿUmar said: So we came to them in the portico of Banū Sāʿidah, and behold, among them was a man wrapped up. I said: 'Who is this?' They said: 'Saʿd b. ʿUbādah.' I said: 'What is with him?' They said: 'He is ill.' When we sat down, their spokesman uttered the testimony of faith, praised God as He deserves, then said: 'To proceed: we are the helpers of God and the battalion of Islam, and you, O company of the Emigrants, are a small band from among us, and a party of your people has come.' He said: And behold, they wanted to cut us off from our origin and seize the affair from us. When he fell silent, I wanted to speak, and I had composed a speech to deliver to them. When I drew near to speak, Abū Bakr silenced me and spoke with everything I had wanted to say. He praised God and said: 'God sent among us a messenger as a witness over his community, that they might worship Him and declare His oneness, while they worshipped besides Him various gods of stone and wood. It was hard for the Arabs to abandon the religion of their fathers. God distinguished the first Emigrants from his people with belief in him, consolation for him, and patience with him amid the severe harm of their people and their denial of them, while all people opposed them and disparaged them. They did not feel lonely because of their small number and people's aversion to them. They were the first to worship God in this land, and to believe in God and the Messenger. They are his friends and his kinsmen, and the most entitled of people to this matter after him. None disputes them except a wrongdoer.' He did not leave out anything that was revealed concerning the Anṣār, nor anything the Messenger of God ﷺ mentioned of their affair, except that he mentioned it. He said: 'You know that the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "If the people were to traverse a valley and the Anṣār were to traverse a valley, I would traverse the valley of the Anṣār." And you know, O Saʿd, that the Messenger of God ﷺ said, while you were sitting: "Quraysh are the guardians of this affair: the righteous of the people follow their righteous, and the wicked of them follow their wicked."' Saʿd said to him: 'You have spoken truly. We are the viziers and you are the commanders. You will not be excluded from consultation, nor will matters be decided without you.' Then Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir b. al-Jamūḥ stood up and said: 'O company of the Anṣār, take control of your own affair, for the people are in your shade, and no one will dare to oppose you, and they will not decide except according to your opinion. You are the people of might, the possessors of numbers, strength, and valor. The people are only watching what you do. Do not disagree, lest your affair be corrupted. These people refuse anything but what you have heard, so from us a commander and from you a commander.' ʿUmar said: 'Far from it! Two cannot be joined in one horn! By God, the Arabs will not be pleased to appoint you as commanders while our Prophet is from other than you, and the Arabs will not refuse to entrust their affair to those in whom prophethood resides. For that we have the clear argument. Who disputes us over the authority of Muḥammad when we are his friends and his kinsmen?!' Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir said: 'O company of the Anṣār, take control of your own hands, and do not listen to the words of this man and his companions, lest they take away your share of this affair. If they refuse you, then expel them from these lands and take charge of these matters over them. By God, you are more entitled to this affair than they are, for it was by your swords that people submitted to this religion. I am its rubbed little palm trunk and its propped little date cluster! I am the father of a cub in the lion's thicket! By God, if you wish, we will restore it to a young she-camel.' ʿUmar said: 'Then may God kill you!' He said: 'Rather, He will kill you.' Abū ʿUbaydah said: 'O company of the Anṣār, you were the first to help, so do not be the first to change and alter!' Bashīr b. Saʿd, Abū al-Nuʿmān b. Bashīr, stood up and said: 'O company of the Anṣār, by God, even though we possess virtue in jihad against the polytheists and precedence in the religion, we did not intend by it anything but the pleasure of our Lord, obedience to our Prophet, and striving for ourselves. We should not use that to lord it over the people, nor seek thereby the world. Indeed, Muḥammad ﷺ is from Quraysh, and his people are more entitled to him. By God, God will never see me disputing this matter with them. Fear God, and do not oppose them.' Abū Bakr said: 'Here are ʿUmar and Abū ʿUbaydah, so if you wish, pledge allegiance.' They both said: 'By God, we will not take charge of this affair over you, for you are the best of the Emigrants and the successor of the Messenger of God ﷺ in prayer, which is the best part of the Muslims' religion. Stretch out your hand, and we will pledge allegiance to you.' When they went to pledge allegiance to him, Bashīr b. Saʿd preceded them and pledged allegiance to him. Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir called out to him: 'May your mother be bereaved of you! Did you begrudge your cousin the command?' He said: 'No, by God, but I disliked disputing the people's right.' When the Aws saw what Bashīr had done and what the Khazraj were seeking in making Saʿd commander—some of them said to one another, among them Usayd b. Ḥuḍayr, who was a chief: 'By God, if the Khazraj take it once, that excellence will remain theirs over you, and they will never give you any share in it. So arise and pledge allegiance to Abū Bakr.' They pledged allegiance to him, and what they had agreed upon fell apart for Saʿd and the Khazraj. The people then came to pledge allegiance to Abū Bakr from every side. Then Saʿd b. ʿUbādah withdrew to his house and remained there for some days. It was sent to him to pledge allegiance, for the people had pledged allegiance, but he said: 'No, by God, not until I shoot you with what is in my quiver, dye the point of my spear, strike with my sword, and fight you with my household and those who obey me. Even if the jinn and mankind gathered with you, I would not pledge allegiance to you until I am presented to my Lord.' ʿUmar said: 'Do not leave him until he pledges allegiance.' Bashīr b. Saʿd said: 'He has persisted and refused, and he will not pledge allegiance to you until he is killed, but he will not be killed until his family and a group of his kinsmen are killed with him. Leaving him will not harm you, for he is only one man.' So they left him. Aslam came and pledged allegiance, and Abū Bakr was strengthened by them, and the people pledged allegiance afterward. It is said that ʿUmar b. Ḥurayth said to Saʿīd b. Zayd: 'When was Abū Bakr pledged allegiance?' He said: 'On the day the Messenger of God ﷺ died, they disliked to remain for part of a day without being in a community.' Al-Wāqidī mentioned from his shaykhs that Abū Bakr ؓ was pledged allegiance on the day the Messenger of God ﷺ was taken. Ibn Isḥāq said: Abū Bakr ؓ was pledged allegiance on Tuesday, the day after the Messenger of God ﷺ was taken, in the portico of Banū Sāʿidah. Al-Zuhrī said: ʿAlī, the Banū Hāshim, and al-Zubayr remained for six months without pledging allegiance to Abū Bakr, until Fāṭimah ؓ died, then they pledged allegiance to him. A great benefit, which is the pledge of allegiance of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, whether on the first day or the second day after the death. This is true, for ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib never separated from al-Ṣiddīq at any time, and he never ceased praying behind him in any prayer, as we will mention. And he went out with him to Dhū al-Qaṣṣah when al-Ṣiddīq went out brandishing his sword, intending to fight the people of apostasy, as we will clarify shortly. But when Fāṭimah ؓ came to feel resentment toward al-Ṣiddīq because of what she imagined, that she deserved the inheritance of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and she did not know what al-Ṣiddīq ؓ informed her of, that he said: 'We are not inherited from; what we leave is charity.' He thus excluded her, his other wives, and his uncle from the inheritance by this explicit text, as we will explain in its place. She asked him that ʿAlī, her husband, should look after the charity of the land that was in Khaybar and Fadak, but he did not grant her that, because he saw that it was his duty to undertake everything that the Messenger of God ﷺ had been in charge of, and he was the truthful, righteous, rightly guided follower of the truth ؓ. So she—being a human woman, not necessarily infallible—felt resentment and anger, and she did not speak to al-Ṣiddīq until she died ؓ. ʿAlī needed to consider her feelings somewhat, so when she died, six months after the death of her father ﷺ, ʿAlī saw fit to renew the pledge of allegiance with Abū Bakr ؓ, as we will mention from the two Ṣaḥīḥs and others later, God Most High willing, in addition to the pledge he had already given before the burial of the Messenger of God ﷺ. The statement of Mūsā b. ʿUqbah in his Maghāzī, from Saʿd b. Ibrāhīm, adds to its authenticity: My father narrated to me that his father ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf was with ʿUmar, and that Muḥammad b. Maslamah broke al-Zubayr's sword. Then Abū Bakr delivered a sermon and apologized to the people, saying: 'By God, I was never eager for the command by day or night, nor did I ask God for it in secret or in public.' The Emigrants accepted his words, and ʿAlī and al-Zubayr said: 'We were only angry because we were kept from the consultation, and we see that Abū Bakr is the most entitled of people to it, for he is the companion of the cave, and we know his excellence and his history. The Messenger of God ﷺ commanded him to lead the people in prayer while he was alive.' A good chain of transmission, and to God be praise.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.