Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1764
The illness of the Prophet ﷺ and his death
تَرَدُّدُ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ إِلَيْ النبي ﷺ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ بِرِسَالَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ لَهُ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ فِي يَوْمِ السَّبْتِ وَالْأَحَدِ [وَالِاثْنَيْنِ]، وَاسْتِئْذَانُ مَلَكِ الْمَوْتِ عَلَيْهِ فِي يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ. وَزِيَارَةِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ صَاحِبِ السَّمَاءِ الدُّنْيَا لَهُ ﷺ وَقَبْضِ رُوحِهِ الشَّرِيفَةِ وَصِفَةِ خُرُوجِهَا وَصِفَةِ الثِّيَابِ الَّتِي قُبِضَ فِيهَا رَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُعْضِلًا وَالْإِمَامُ الشَّافِعِيُّ فِي مُسْنَدِهِ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْهُ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ أَبِي الْحُسَيْنِ مُرْسَلًا، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى وَبَقِيُّ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ عَنْهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ مَوْصُولًا- وَرِجَالٌهٌ ثِقَاتٌ- أَنَّهُ لَمَّا كَانَ قَبْلَ وَفَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ هَبَطَ جِبْرِيلُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ يَا أَحْمَدُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ إِكْرَامًا لَكَ وَتَفْضِيلًا وَخَاصَّةً لَكَ، لِيَسْأَلَكَ عَمَّا هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنْكَ - وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ الْجَوْزِيِّ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ يَقُولُ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ ؟ قَالَ: «أَجِدُنِي يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَغْمُومًا، وَأَجِدُنِي يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَكْرُوبًا» [فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّانِي هَبَطَ إِلَيْهِ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ: يَا أَحْمَدُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ إِكْرَامًا لَكَ وَتَفْضِيلًا لَكَ وَخَاصَّةً لَكَ يَسْأَلُكَ عَمَّا هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنْكَ، يَقُولُ لَكَ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ ؟ قَالَ: «أَجِدُنِي يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَغْمُومًا ؟ وَأَجِدُنِي يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَكْرُوبًا» ]. فَلَمَّا كَانَ الْيَوْمُ الثَّالِثُ هَبَطَ جِبْرِيلُ وَمَعَهُ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ، وَمَعَهُمَا مَلَكٌ آخَرُ يَسْكُنُ الْهَوَاءَ لَمْ يَصْعَدْ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ قَطُّ، وَلَمْ يَهْبِطْ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ قَطُّ، يُقَالُ لَهُ إِسْمَاعِيلُ، عَلَى سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ كُلُّ مَلَكٍ عَلَى سَبْعِينَ أَلْفَ مَلَكٍ، فَسَبَقَهُمْ جِبْرِيلُ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ إِكْرَامًا لَكَ وَتَفْضِيلًا وَخَاصَّةً لَكَ، يَسْأَلُكَ عَمَّا هُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنْكَ- وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ عِنْدَ ابْنِ الْجَوْزِيِّ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ [يَقُولُ: كَيْفَ تَجِدُكَ ؟ قَالَ: «أَجِدُنِي يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَغْمُومًا، وَأَجِدُنِي يَا جِبْرِيلُ مَكْرُوبًا» وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ عِنْدَ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ «إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ قَالَ لَهُ: إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ] وَيَقُولُ لَكَ: إِنْ شِئْتَ شَفَيْتُكَ وَكَفَيْتُكَ، وَإِنْ شِئْتَ تَوَفَّيْتُكَ، وَغَفَرْتُ لَكَ قَالَ: «ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَبِّي يَصْنَعُ بِي مَا يَشَاءُ» انْتَهَى. استئذان ملك الموت على رسول الله ثُمَّ اسْتَأْذَنَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ عَلَى الْبَابِ فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ يَا أَحْمَدُ هَذَا مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَيْكَ، وَلَمْ يَسْتَأْذِنْ عَلَى آدَمِيٍّ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ، وَلَا يَسْتَأْذِنُ عَلَى آدَمِيٍّ بَعْدَكَ، قَالَ ائْذَنْ لَهُ، فَدَخَلَ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ عِنْدَ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ، إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ، قَالَ: فَبَلَغَنِي أَنَّ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ لَمْ يُسَلِّمْ عَلَى أَهْلِ بَيْتٍ قَبْلَهُ، وَلَا يُسَلِّمُ بَعْدَهُ. انْتَهَى. فَوَقَفَ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ أَرْسَلَنِي إِلَيْكَ، وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُطِيعَكَ فِيمَا أَمَرْتَنِي، إِنْ أَمَرْتَنِي أَنْ أَقْبِضَ نَفْسَكَ قَبْضَتُهَا يَا أَحْمَدُ، وَإِنْ أَمَرْتَنِي أَنْ أَتْرُكَهَا تَرَكْتُهَا قَالَ: وَتَفْعَلُ ذَلِكَ يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ ؟ قَالَ نَعَمْ، بِذَلِكَ أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُطِيعَكَ فِي كُلِّ مَا أَمَرْتَنِي، فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ: يَا أَحْمَدُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ اشْتَاقَ إِلَى لِقَائِكَ. فَقَالَ: يَا مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ امْضِ لِمَا أُمِرْتَ بِهِ فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ: عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذَا آخِرُ مَوْطِئِ الْأَرْضِ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عِنْدَ ابْنِ الْجَوْزِيِّ وَهَذَا آخِرُ عَهْدِي بِالدُّنْيَا بَعْدَكَ، وَهَذَا آخِرُ عَهْدِكَ بِهَا، وَلَنْ أَسْتَأْذِنَ عَلَى هَالِكٍ مِنْ بَنِي آدَمَ بَعْدَكَ، وَلَنْ أَهْبِطَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ عَلَى أَحَدٍ بَعْدَكَ أَبَدًا، فَوَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَكَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ عِنْدَ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَغَيْرِهِ: «فَبَيْنَمَا رَأْسُهُ عَلَى مَنْكِبِي إِذْ مَالَ رَأْسُهُ نَحْوَ رَأْسِي، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ مِنْ رَأْسِي حَاجَةً، فَخَرَجَتْ مِنْ فِيهِ نُقْطَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ فَوَقَعَتْ عَلَى ثَغْرِي وَنَحْرِي فَاقْشَعَرَّ لَهَا جِلْدِي، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ أَغُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَسَجَّيْتُهُ ثَوْبًا. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ عِنْدَ الطَّبَرَانِيّ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمُدُّ يَدَهُ وَيَقُولُ: «يَا جِبْرِيلُ» وَهُوَ يَقْبِضُهَا وَيَبْسُطُهَا. وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ عُقْبَةَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يُغْمَى عَلَيْهِ سَاعَةً ثُمَّ يُفِيقُ، ثُمَّ يُشَخِّصُ بَصَرَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ عِنْدَ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: ادْنُ مِنِّي يَا جِبْرِيلُ، ادْنُ مِنِّي يَا جِبْرِيلُ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ يَقُولُ: «ادْنُ مِنِّي يَا جِبْرِيلُ، ادْنُ مِنِّي يَا جِبْرِيلُ» ثَلَاثًا قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَلَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ مَا لَمْ أَسْمَعِ ادْنُ مِنِّي يَا جِبْرِيلُ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: لَبَّيْكَ لَبَّيْكَ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ عِنْدَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبِي عُمَرَ- بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ- فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ: يَا أَحْمَدُ عَلَيْكَ السَّلَامُ هَذَا آخِرُ مَوْطِئِ الْأَرْضِ إِنَّمَا كُنْتُ حَاجَتِي مِنَ الدُّنْيَا. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ عِنْدَ أَبِي نُعَيْمٍ لَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَعِدَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ بَاكِيًا إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ. لَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ صَوْتًا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ يُنَادِي وَامُحَمَّدَاهُ. انْتَهَى. وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ عُقْبَةَ وَاشْتَدَّ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْوَجَعُ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى عَلِيٍّ، وَأَرْسَلْتُ حَفْصَةَ إِلَى عُمَرَ، وَأَرْسَلْتُ كُلَّ امْرَأَةٍ إِلَى خِيَمِهَا، فَلَمْ يَرْجِعُوا حَتَّى تُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى صَدْرِ عَائِشَةَ فِي يَوْمِهَا. وَعِنْدَ الْبَلَاذُرِيِّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ رَأَيْتُ يَوْمًا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَحْمَرُّ وَجْهُهُ وَيَعْرَقُ جَبِينُهُ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ رَأَيْتُ قَطُّ مَيِّتًا قَبْلَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَقْعِدِينِي فَأَقْعَدْتُهُ فَأَسْنَدْتُهُ إِلَيَّ وَوَضَعْتُ يَدِي عَلَيْهِ فَقَلَبَ رَأْسَهُ فَوَضَعْتُ يَدِي عَنْهُ وَوَقَعَتْ مِنْ فِيهِ نُقْطَةٌ عَلَى صَدْرِي- أَوْ قَالَتْ عَلَى تَرْقُوَتِي- فَسَقَطَ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ فَسَجَّيْنَاهُ بِثَوْبٍ فَتُوُفِّيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ عِنْدَ الْإِمَامِ أَحْمَدَ وَالْبَزَّارِ وَالْبَيْهَقِيِّ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ قَالَتْ: لَمَّا خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ لَمْ أَجِدْ قَطُّ رِيحًا أَطْيَبَ مِنْهَا. وَفِي حَدِيثٍ لِعَائِشَةَ عِنْدَ أَبِي يَعْلَى وَأَحْمَدَ- بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ- ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ بِوَجْهِهِ إِلَيَّ حَتَّى إِذَا كَانَ فَاهُ فِي ثُغْرَةِ نَحْرِي سَالَ مِنْ فِيهِ نُقْطَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ اقْشَعَرَّ مِنْهَا جِلْدِي، وَثَارَ رِيحُ الْمِسْكِ فِي وَجْهِي، وَمَالَ رَأْسُهُ فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ غُشِيَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَنَوَّمْتُهُ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ وَغَطَّيْتُ وَجْهَهُ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عِنْدَ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ قَالَ: وَضَعْتُ يَدِي عَلَى صَدْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَوْمَ مَاتَ فَمَرَّ بِي جُمَعٌ، آكُلُ وَأَتَوَضَّأُ مَا تَذْهَبُ رِيحُ الْمِسْكِ مِنْ يَدِي. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عِنْدَ الْبَلَاذُرِيِّ أَنَّهُ ﷺ لَمَّا قُبِضَ سُجِّيَ بِثَوْبٍ، وَقَعَدْنَا حَوْلَهُ، فَبَكَى، انْتَهَى، فَأَتَاهُمْ آتٍ يَسْمَعُونَ حِسَّهُ وَلَا يَرَوْنَ شَخْصَهُ فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عِنْدَ الْبَلَاذُرِيِّ فَرَدَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامَ فَقَالَ: كُلُّ نَفْسٍ ذَائِقَةُ الْمَوْتِ وَإِنَّمَا تُوَفَّوْنَ أُجُورَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ [آلِ عِمْرَانَ 185] إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: مَتَاعُ الْغُرُورِ انْتَهَى، إِنَّ فِي اللَّهِ خَلَفًا مِنْ كُلِّ هَالِكٍ، وَعَزَاءً عَنْ كُلِّ مُصِيبَةٍ وَدَرَكًا مِنْ كُلِّ مَا فَائِتٌ فَبِاللَّهِ فَثِقُوا وَإِيَّاهُ فَارْجُوا. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عِنْدَ الْبَلَاذُرِيِّ نَظَرُكُمْ فِي النَّبِيِّ وَمُصِيبَتُكُمْ، فَإِنَّ الْمُصَابَ مَنْ حُرِمَ الثَّوَابَ. انْتَهَى. وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ عِنْدَ الْبَلَاذُرِيِّ فَظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ جِبْرِيلُ جَاءَ يُعَزِّينَا. وَفِي حَدِيثِ بَقِيِّ بْنِ مَخْلَدٍ عِنْدَ الشَّعْبِيِّ وَعِنْدَ الْمَدَائِنِيِّ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: هَذَا الْخَضِرُ يُعَزِّيكُمْ عَنْ نَبِيِّكُمْ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: قَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ لَّمَّا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَا أَبَتَاهُ أَجَابَ رَبًّا دَعَاهُ، يَا أَبَتَاهُ مَنْ جَنَّةُ الْفِرْدَوْسِ مَأْوَاهُ يَا أَبَتَاهُ إِلَى جِبْرِيلَ فَنَعَاهُ، يَا أَبَتَاهُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ مَا أَدْنَاهُ. الثياب التي قبض فيها رسول الله وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ قَالَ: أَخْرَجَتْ لَنَا عَائِشَةُ ؓ كِسَاءً مُلَبَّدًا وَإِزَارًا غَلِيظًا فَقَالَتْ: قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي هَذَيْنِ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَيْنَ سَحْرِي وَنَحْرِي وَفِي دَوْلَتِي لَمْ أَظْلِمْ فِيهِ أَحَدًا. فَمِنْ سَفَهِي وَحَدَاثَةِ سِنِّي أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قُبِضَ وَهُوَ فِي حِجْرِي، ثُمَّ وَضَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ عَلَى وِسَادَةٍ وَقُمْتُ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ أَبْكِي وَأَلْتَدِمُ. وَرَوَى الْبَزَّارُ وَأَبُو الْحَسَنِ بْنُ الضَّحَّاكِ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمًا فِي مَرَضِهِ وَقَدْ عَرِقَ وَجْهُهُ وَجَبِينُهُ فَقَالَ: «أَقْعِدِينِي» فَأَسْنَدْتُهُ إِلَيَّ فَوَضَعْتُ يَدِي عَلَيْهِ، فَقَلَبَ رَأْسَهُ فَرَفَعْتُ يَدِي عَنْهُ، فَظَنَنْتُ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ شَيْئًا مِنْ رَأْسِي، فَوَقَعَتْ مِنْ فَمِهِ نُقْطَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ عَلَى صَدْرِي، ثُمَّ مَالَ فَسَقَطَ عَلَى الْفِرَاشِ فَسَجَّيْتُهُ بِثَوْبٍ وَلَمْ أَكُنْ رَأَيْتُ الْمَوْتَ». تَنْبِيهَاتٌ الْأَوَّلُ: قَوْلُهُ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدِ اشْتَاقَ إِلَى لِقَائِكَ» مَعْنَاهُ : قَدْ أَرَادَ لِقَاءَكَ بِأَنْ يَرُدَّكَ مِنْ دُنْيَاكَ إِلَى مَعَادِكَ. زِيَادَةً فِي قُرْبِكَ وَكَرَامَتِكَ. الثَّانِي: رَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ: شَكُّوا فِي النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: مَاتَ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: لَمْ يَمُتْ، فَوَضَعَتْ أَسْمَاءُ بِنْتُ عُمَيْسٍ يَدَهَا بَيْنَ كَتِفَيِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَتْ قَدْ رُفِعَ الْخَاتَمُ مِنْ بَيْنِ كَتِفَيْهِ فَكَانَ هَذَا عُرِفَ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. الثَّالِثُ: اشْتُهِرَ عَلَى الْأَلْسِنَةِ أَنَّ جِبْرِيلَ لَا يَنْزِلُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ. قَالَ الشَّيْخُ فِي «فَتَاوِيهِ» وَهَذَا شَيْءٌ لَا أَصْلَ لَهُ، وَمِنَ الدَّلِيلِ عَلَى بُطْلَانِهِ مَا رَوَاهُ الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ سَعْدٍ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ يَرْقُدُ الْجُنُبُ قَالَ: «مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ يَرْقُدَ حَتَّى يَتَوَضَّأَ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يُتَوَفَّى فَلَا يُجَهِّزُهُ جِبْرِيلُ». وَمَا رَوَاهُ أَيْضًا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ [فِي كِتَابِ الْفِتَنِ وَالطَّبَرَانِيّ ] مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي وَصْفِ الدَّجَّالِ قَالَ: «فَيَمُرُّ بِمَكَّةَ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِخَلْقٍ عَظِيمٍ فَيَقُولُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَنَا مِيكَائِيلُ بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ لِأَمْنَعَهُ مِنْ حَرَمِهِ [وَيَمُرُّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَإِذَا هُوَ بِخَلْقٍ عَظِيمٍ فَيَقُولُ: مَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ فَيَقُولُ: أَنَا جِبْرِيلُ بَعَثَنِي اللَّهُ لِأَمْنَعَهُ مِنْ حَرَمِهِ]. وَقَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: تَنَزَّلُ الْمَلائِكَةُ وَالرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِمْ [الْقَدْرُ 4] إِنَّ الرُّوحَ هَنَا جِبْرِيلُ، وَإِنَّهُ يَنْزِلُ مَعَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ فِي لَيْلَةِ الْقَدْرِ، وَيُسَلِّمُونَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ. الرَّابِعُ: قَوْلُ السَّيِّدَةِ عَائِشَةَ «أَلْتَدِمُ». قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ: الِالْتِدَامُ: ضَرْبُ الْخَدِّ بِالْيَدِ، وَاللَّادِمُ: الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي تَلْدِمُ وَالْجَمْعُ: اللَّدَمُ بِتَحْرِيكِ الدَّالِ وَقَدْ لَدَمَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ تَلْدِمُ لَدْمًا وَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ هَذَا فِي التَّحْرِيمِ، لِأَنَّ التَّحْرِيمَ إِنَّمَا وَقَعَ عَلَى الصُّرَاخِ وَالنَّوْحِ، وَلُعِنَتِ الْخَارِقَةُ وَالْحَالِقَةُ وَالصَّالِقَةُ- وَهِيَ الرَّافِعَةُ لِصَوْتِهَا- وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ اللَّدْمَ لَكِنَّهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَذْكُرْ فَإِنَّهُ مَكْرُوهٌ فِي حَالِ الْمُصِيبَةِ، وَتَرْكُهُ أَحْمَدُ إِلَّا عَلَى أَحْمَدَ ﷺ: فَالصَّبْرُ يُحْمَدُ فِي الْمَصَائِبِ كُلِّهَا إِلَّا عَلَيْكَ فَإِنَّهُ مَذْمُومُ وَقَدْ كَانَ يُدْعَى لَابِسُ الصَّبْرِ حَازِمًا فَأَصْبَحَ يُدْعَى حَازِمًا حِينَ يَجْزَعُ وَهَذَا الْحَدِيثُ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَهُوَ حَسَنُ الْحَدِيثِ إِذَا صَرَّحَ بِالتَّحَدُّثِ، وَقَدْ صَرَّحَ بِهِ فَقَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبَّادِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَائِشَةَ إِلَخْ. وَقَوْلُ السُّهَيْلِيِّ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَدْخُلُ فِي التَّحْرِيمِ خِلَافُ الصَّحِيحِ.
Translation
✧ Gabriel’s ﷺ repeated visits to the Prophet ﷺ during the three days before his death, with a message from Allah, Mighty and Majestic, saying to him: “How do you find yourself?” That was on Saturday, Sunday [and Monday], and the Angel of Death’s asking permission to enter upon him on Monday. And the visit of Ismāʿīl, the keeper of the lowest heaven, to him ﷺ, and the taking of his noble soul, the description of its departure, and the description of the garments in which he was taken. Ibn Saʿd and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī from his father, in a muʿḍal form; al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī in his Musnad, and al-Ṭabarānī from him from his grandfather from Abū al-Ḥusayn, in a mursal form; and Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā and Baqī b. Makhlad from him from his father from his grandfather from his father ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn from his father from ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, in a connected chain—and its men are trustworthy—that when it was three days before the death of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Gabriel descended to the Prophet ﷺ and said: “O Muḥammad”—and in one narration, “O Aḥmad”—“Allah has sent me to you as an honor to you, a favor, and a special privilege for you, to ask you about what He knows better than you do. - And in the ḥadīth of Abū Hurayrah from Ibn al-Jawzī, he said: “Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sends you greetings of peace, saying: How do you find yourself?” He said: “I find myself, O Gabriel, grieved, and I find myself, O Gabriel, distressed.” [When the second day came, Gabriel descended to him and said: “O Aḥmad, Allah has sent me to you as an honor to you, a favor to you, and a special privilege for you, asking you about what He knows better than you do, saying to you: How do you find yourself? He said: “I find myself, O Gabriel, grieved, and I find myself, O Gabriel, distressed.”] When the third day came, Gabriel descended, and with him was the Angel of Death, and with them was another angel who dwells in the air, who has never ascended to heaven and never descended to earth, called Ismāʿīl, over seventy thousand angels, each angel over seventy thousand angels. Gabriel preceded them and said: “O Muḥammad, Allah has sent me to you as an honor to you, a favor, and a special privilege for you, asking you about what He knows better than you do”—and in the ḥadīth of Abū Hurayrah ؓ according to Ibn al-Jawzī, he said: “O Muḥammad, Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sends you greetings of peace [saying: How do you find yourself?” He said: “I find myself, O Gabriel, grieved, and I find myself, O Gabriel, distressed.” And in the ḥadīth of Abū al-Ḥuwayrith according to al-Bayhaqī: “Gabriel said to him: Your Lord sends you greetings of peace] and says to you: If you wish, I will heal you and suffice you; and if you wish, I will take you in death and forgive you.” He said: “That is up to my Lord; He does with me as He wills.” End. The Angel of Death’s asking permission to enter upon the Messenger of Allah. Then the Angel of Death asked permission at the door. Gabriel said: “O Aḥmad, this is the Angel of Death asking permission to enter upon you. He has never asked permission of any human before you, and he will never ask permission of any human after you.” He said: “Give him permission.” So he entered. And in the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās according to al-Ṭabarānī, he said: “Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Your Lord sends you greetings of peace.” He said: “It reached me that the Angel of Death never greeted any household before him, and he will never greet any after him.” End. So he stood before the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: “Allah has sent me to you and commanded me to obey you in whatever you command me. If you command me to take your soul, I will take it, O Aḥmad; and if you command me to leave it, I will leave it.” He said: “Will you do that, O Angel of Death?” He said: “Yes. With that I have been commanded to obey you in all that you command me.” Then Gabriel said: “O Aḥmad, Allah has longed to meet you.” So he said: “O Angel of Death, proceed with what you have been commanded.” Gabriel, upon him be blessings and peace, said: “Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah. This is your last place on earth. And in the ḥadīth of Abū Hurayrah according to Ibn al-Jawzī: “And this is my last contact with the world after you, and this is your last contact with it. I will never ask permission to enter upon any dying person of the children of Adam after you, and I will never descend to the earth upon anyone after you, ever.” Then the Prophet ﷺ felt the pangs of death. And in the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah according to al-Bukhārī and others: “While his head was on my shoulder, his head inclined toward my head. I thought he wanted something from my head. A cold drop came out of his mouth and fell on the hollow of my throat and my chest, and my skin shivered because of it. I thought he had fainted, so I covered him with a garment. And in the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah according to al-Ṭabarānī: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ kept stretching out his hand and saying: “O Gabriel,” while he was clenching and opening it. And according to Ibn ʿUqbah: He kept fainting for a while, then reviving, then turning his gaze toward the sky. And in the ḥadīth of Abū al-Ḥuwayrith according to al-Bayhaqī, he said: “Come near me, O Gabriel; come near me, O Gabriel.” And in the ḥadīth of Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad from his father, he kept saying: “Come near me, O Gabriel; come near me, O Gabriel,” three times. ʿĀʾishah said: “I heard what I had never heard: 'Come near me, O Gabriel,' while he was saying: 'At your service, at your service.'" And in the ḥadīth of ʿAlī according to Muḥammad b. Yaḥyā b. Abī ʿUmar—with trustworthy men—Gabriel said: “O Aḥmad, peace be upon you. This is your last place on earth. My need from the world was only you.” And in the ḥadīth of ʿAlī according to Abū Nuʿaym: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken, the Angel of Death ascended weeping to heaven, by the One who sent him with truth, “I heard a voice from heaven calling out: 'Alas for Muḥammad!'" End. And according to Ibn ʿUqbah: The pain intensified for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so I sent for ʿAlī, and Ḥafṣah sent for ʿUmar, and every woman sent for her family, and they did not return until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died on ʿĀʾishah’s chest on her day. And according to al-Balādhurī from ʿĀʾishah ؓ: “One day I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ with his face reddening and his forehead sweating, and I had never seen a dead person before him. Then he said: 'Sit me up.' So I sat him up and leaned him against me and placed my hand on him. He turned his head, so I removed my hand from him, and a drop fell from his mouth onto my chest—or she said, onto my collarbone—then he fell onto the bed, and we covered him with a garment, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died. And in the ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah according to Imām Aḥmad, al-Bazzār, and al-Bayhaqī, with a sound chain, she said: “When his soul departed, I never smelled a sweeter fragrance than it.” And in a ḥadīth of ʿĀʾishah according to Abū Yaʿlā and Aḥmad—with trustworthy men—“Then he turned his face toward me until his mouth was at the hollow of my throat. A cold drop flowed from his mouth, and my skin shivered from it, and the scent of musk arose in my face. His head inclined, and I thought he had fainted, so I took him and laid him on the bed and covered his face. And in the ḥadīth of Umm Salamah according to al-Bayhaqī, she said: “I placed my hand on the Prophet’s ﷺ chest on the day he died. Then weeks passed while I ate and performed ablution, and the scent of musk did not leave my hand.” And in the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿUmar according to al-Balādhurī: When he ﷺ was taken, he was covered with a garment, and we sat around him, and he wept—end—then a visitor came to them whose sound they heard but whose person they did not see, and he said: “Peace be upon you, O people of the house, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings. And in the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿUmar according to al-Balādhurī: We returned the greeting to him, and he said: “Every soul shall taste death, and you will only be paid your wages in full on the Day of Resurrection [Āl ʿImrān 185]” up to his words “the enjoyment of delusion”—end—“In Allah there is a successor for every perishing one, a consolation for every affliction, and a compensation for every loss. So trust in Allah and hope in Him. And in the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿUmar according to al-Balādhurī: “Consider your loss of the Prophet and your affliction, for the afflicted is the one deprived of reward.” End. And in the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿUmar according to al-Balādhurī: We thought it was Gabriel who came to console us. And in the ḥadīth of Baqī b. Makhlad according to al-Shaʿbī and according to al-Madāʾinī, ʿAlī said: “This is al-Khaḍir consoling you for your Prophet.” Al-Bukhārī, al-Ṭabarānī, and Ibn Saʿd narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: Fāṭimah said when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ died: “O my father, he answered a Lord who called him; O my father, whose abode is the Garden of Paradise; O my father, to Gabriel we announce his death; O my father, how near to his Lord he is.” The garments in which the Messenger of Allah was taken. Imām Aḥmad and the two Shaykhs narrated from Abū Burdah that he said: ʿĀʾishah ؓ brought out to us a felted cloak and a coarse lower garment and said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken in these two.” Imām Aḥmad and al-Bayhaqī narrated from ʿĀʾishah ؓ that she said: “I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ between my chest and my throat, and in my turn, and I did not wrong anyone concerning him. It was from my foolishness and the youth of my age that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken while he was in my lap. Then I placed his head on a pillow and rose with the women, weeping and striking my face.” Al-Bazzār and Abū al-Ḥasan b. al-Ḍaḥḥāk narrated from her that she said: “One day I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ during his illness, and his face and forehead were sweating. He said: 'Sit me up.' So I leaned him against me and placed my hand on him. He turned his head, so I lifted my hand from him, thinking he wanted something from my head. A cold drop fell from his mouth onto my chest, then he inclined and fell onto the bed, and I covered him with a garment. I had never seen death before.” Clarifications First: His saying, “Allah has longed to meet you,” means: He willed your meeting by returning you from your world to your final abode, as an increase in your nearness and honor. Second: Al-Bayhaqī and Abū Nuʿaym narrated through al-Wāqidī from his shaykhs: They were uncertain about the Prophet ﷺ. Some said he had died, and some said he had not died. Asmāʾ bt. ʿUmays placed her hand between the Prophet’s ﷺ shoulder blades and said: “The seal has been lifted from between his shoulder blades.” This was how it was known after the Prophet’s ﷺ death. Third: It has become widespread on people’s tongues that Gabriel does not descend to the earth after the Prophet’s ﷺ death. The Shaykh said in his Fatāwā: “This is something with no basis. Among the evidence of its falsity is what al-Ṭabarānī narrated from Maymūnah bt. Saʿd, who said: I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, does a ritually impure person sleep?' He said: 'I would not like him to sleep until he performs ablution, for I fear he may die and Gabriel would not prepare him for burial.' And what Nuʿaym b. Ḥammād also narrated [in the Book of Trials, and al-Ṭabarānī] from the ḥadīth of Ibn Masʿūd from the Prophet ﷺ in describing the Dajjāl. He said: “He will pass by Makkah and behold a great creature, and he will say: 'Who are you?' He will say: 'I am Mīkāʾīl. Allah sent me to prevent him from His sanctuary.' [And he will pass by al-Madīnah and behold a great creature, and he will say: 'Who are you?' He will say: 'I am Gabriel. Allah sent me to prevent him from His sanctuary.']” Al-Ḍaḥḥāk said concerning His saying, Exalted is He: “The angels and the Spirit descend therein by the permission of their Lord” [al-Qadr 4]: “The Spirit here is Gabriel, and he descends with the angels on the Night of Decree and greets the Muslims every year.” Fourth: The saying of the Lady ʿĀʾishah, “altadimu” (I strike my face). Al-Suhaylī and others said: “Iltidām is striking the cheek with the hand. The lādim is the woman who strikes, and the plural is ladam, with the dāl voweled. A woman may ladama, taldimu, ladman. This does not enter into the prohibition, because the prohibition only applies to wailing and lamenting, and the one who scratches, shaves, and raises her voice is cursed—that is, the one who raises her voice. Ladm is not mentioned, but even if it is not mentioned, it is disliked during affliction, and abandoning it is more praiseworthy except for Aḥmad ﷺ: Patience is praised in all afflictions Except for you, for it is blameworthy. And the one who wore patience used to be called resolute, But now he is called resolute when he panics. This ḥadīth is unique to Ibn Isḥāq, and he is a good transmitter when he explicitly states his source, and he did state it, saying: “Yaḥyā b. ʿAbbād b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr narrated to me from his father, who said: I heard ʿĀʾishah,” etc. And al-Suhaylī’s saying that it does not enter into the prohibition contradicts the sound view.
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No grade is recorded for this wording.