Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1738
A summary of the expeditions
بَابُ بَعْثِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَخَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ قَبْلَ حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ، ثَنَا شُرَيْحُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، ثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، سَمِعْتُ الْبَرَاءَ بْنَ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: بَعَثَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ بَعَثَ عَلِيًّا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَكَانَهُ قَالَ: " مُرْ أَصْحَابَ خَالِدٍ مَنْ شَاءَ مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يُعَقِّبَ مَعَكَ فَلْيُعَقِّبْ، وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُقْبِلْ ". فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ عَقَّبَ مَعَهُ. قَالَ: فَغَنِمْتُ أَوَاقِيَ ذَاتَ عَدَدٍ انْفَرَدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، ثَنَا رُوحُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، ثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ مَنْجُوفٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: بَعَثَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ عَلِيًّا إِلَى خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ لِيَقْبِضَ الْخُمُسَ، وَكُنْتُ أُبْغِضُ عَلِيًّا، فَأَصْبَحَ وَقَدِ اغْتَسَلَ، فَقُلْتُ لِخَالِدٍ: أَلَا تَرَى إِلَى هَذَا ؟ فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ ذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ. فَقَالَ: يَا بُرَيْدَةُ تُبْغِضُ عَلِيًّا ؟ ". فَقُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. فَقَالَ: " لَا تُبْغِضْهُ فَإِنَّ لَهُ فِي الْخُمُسِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ " انْفَرَدَ بِهِ الْبُخَارِيُّ دُونَ مُسْلِمٍ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: ثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْجَلِيلِ قَالَ: انْتَهَيْتُ إِلَى حَلْقَةٍ فِيهَا أَبُو مِجْلَزٍ، وَابْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ، فَقَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي بُرَيْدَةُ قَالَ: أَبْغَضْتُ عَلِيًّا بُغْضًا لَمْ أُبْغِضْهُ أَحَدًا قَطُّ. قَالَ: وَأَحْبَبْتُ رَجُلًا مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ لَمْ أُحِبَّهُ إِلَّا عَلَى بُغْضِهِ عَلِيًّا. قَالَ: فَبُعِثَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى خَيْلٍ فَصَحِبْتُهُ مَا أَصْحَبُهُ إِلَّا عَلَى بُغْضِهِ عَلِيًّا. قَالَ: فَأَصَبْنَا سَبْيًا. قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: ابْعَثْ إِلَيْنَا مَنْ يُخَمِّسُهُ. قَالَ: فَبَعَثَ إِلَيْنَا عَلِيًّا، وَفِي السَّبْيِ وَصِيفَةٌ مِنْ أَفْضَلِ السَّبْيِ. قَالَ: فَخَمَّسَ وَقَسَمَ، فَخَرَجَ وَرَأَسُهُ يَقْطُرُ، فَقُلْنَا: يَا أَبَا الْحَسَنِ، مَا هَذَا ؟ فَقَالَ: أَلَمْ تَرَوْا إِلَى الْوَصِيفَةِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي السَّبْيِ، فَإِنِّي قَسَمْتُ وَخَمَّسْتُ فَصَارَتْ فِي الْخُمُسِ، ثُمَّ صَارَتْ فِي أَهْلِ بَيْتِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، ثُمَّ صَارَتْ فِي آلِ عَلِيٍّ، وَوَقَعْتُ بِهَا. قَالَ: فَكَتَبَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقُلْتُ: ابْعَثْنِي. فَبَعَثَنِي مُصَدِّقًا، فَجَعَلْتُ أَقْرَأُ الْكِتَابَ وَأَقُولُ: صَدَقَ. قَالَ: فَأَمْسَكَ يَدِي وَالْكِتَابَ فَقَالَ: " أَتُبْغِضُ عَلِيًّا ؟ " قَالَ: قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: " فَلَا تُبْغِضْهُ، وَإِنْ كُنْتَ تُحِبَّهُ فَازْدَدْ لَهُ حُبًّا، فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لِنَصِيبُ آلِ عَلِيٍّ فِي الْخُمُسِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ وَصِيفَةٍ ". قَالَ: فَمَا كَانَ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَحَدٌ بَعْدَ قَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ مِنْ عَلِيٍّ. قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ بُرَيْدَةَ: فَوَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ مَا بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ غَيْرُ أَبِي بُرَيْدَةُ. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ بِهَذَا السِّيَاقِ عَبْدُ الْجَلِيلِ بْنُ عَطِيَّةَ الْفَقِيهُ أَبُو صَالِحٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ ; وَثَّقَهُ ابْنُ مَعِينٍ وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ، وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: إِنَّمَا يَهِمُ فِي الشَّيْءِ بَعْدَ الشَّيْءِ. وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثَنَا أَبَانُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نِيَارٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، عَنْ خَالِهِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شَاسٍ الْأَسْلَمِيِّ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي خَيْلِهِ الَّتِي بَعَثَهُ فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ، فَجَفَانِي عَلِيٌّ بَعْضَ الْجَفَاءِ، فَوَجَدْتُ فِي نَفْسِي عَلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ اشْتَكَيْتُهُ فِي مَجَالِسِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَعِنْدَ مَنْ لَقِيتُهُ، فَأَقْبَلْتُ يَوْمًا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، فَلَمَّا رَآنِي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى عَيْنَيْهِ نَظَرَ إِلَيَّ حَتَّى جَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ: " إِنَّهُ وَاللَّهِ يَا عَمْرُو بْنَ شَاسٍ لَقَدْ آذَيْتَنِي ". فَقُلْتُ: إِنَّا لِلَّهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ وَالْإِسْلَامِ أَنْ أُوذِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَقَالَ: " مَنْ آذَى عَلِيًّا فَقَدْ آذَانِي ". وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبَانَ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مَعْقِلِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ نِيَارٍ، عَنْ خَالِهِ عَمْرِو بْنِ شَاسٍ، فَذَكَرَهُ بِمَعْنَاهُ. وَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَنْبَأَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ الْجَوْزَجَانِيُّ، ثَنَا أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ بْنُ أَبِي السَّفَرِ، سَمِعْتُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنَ يُوسُفَ بْنِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. قَالَ الْبَرَاءُ: فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ خَرَجَ مَعَ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ، فَأَقَمْنَا سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، فَلَمْ يُجِيبُوهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعَثَ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُقْفِلَ خَالِدًا، إِلَّا رَجُلًا كَانَ مِمَّنْ مَعَ خَالِدٍ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يُعَقِّبَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ فَلْيُعَقِّبْ مَعَهُ. قَالَ الْبَرَاءُ: فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ عَقَّبَ مَعَ عَلِيٍّ، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْنَا مِنَ الْقَوْمِ خَرَجُوا إِلَيْنَا فَصَلَّى بِنَا عَلِيٌّ، ثُمَّ صَفَّنَا صَفًّا وَاحِدًا، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا، وَقَرَأَ عَلَيْهِمْ كِتَابَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمَتْ هَمْدَانُ جَمِيعًا، فَكَتَبَ عَلِيٌّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِإِسْلَامِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا قَرَأَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْكِتَابَ خَرَّ سَاجِدًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ فَقَالَ: " السَّلَامُ عَلَى هَمْدَانَ، السَّلَامَ عَلَى هَمْدَانَ ". قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ مُخْتَصَرًا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ، عَنِ إبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ يُوسُفَ. وَقَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْقَطَّانُ، أَنْبَأَنَا أَبُو سَهْلِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ الْقَطَّانُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ الْقَاضِي، ثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَخِي، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ كَعْبٍ، عَنْ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ عَمَّتِهِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ كَعْبِ بْنِ عُجْرَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ. قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَكُنْتُ فِيمَنْ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ، فَلَمَّا أَخَذَ مِنْ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ سَأَلْنَاهُ أَنْ نَرْكَبَ مِنْهَا وَنُرِيحَ إِبِلَنَا - وَكُنَّا قَدْ رَأَيْنَا فِي إِبِلِنَا خَلَلًا - فَأَبَى عَلَيْنَا وَقَالَ: إِنَّمَا لَكُمْ فِيهَا سَهْمٌ كَمَا لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ عَلِيٌّ وَانْطَلَقَ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ رَاجِعًا، أَمَّرَ عَلَيْنَا إِنْسَانًا وَأَسْرَعَ هُوَ فَأَدْرَكَ الْحَجَّ، فَلَمَّا قَضَى حَجَّتَهُ قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " ارْجِعْ إِلَى أَصْحَابِكَ حَتَّى تَقْدَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ ". قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: وَقَدْ كُنَّا سَأَلْنَا الَّذِي اسْتَخْلَفَهُ مَا كَانَ عَلِيٌّ مَنْعَنَا إِيَّاهُ، فَفَعَلَ، فَلَمَّا عَرَفَ فِي إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ أَنَّهَا قَدْ رُكِبَتْ، وَرَأَى أَثَرَ الرَّاكِبِ ذَمَّ الَّذِي أَمَّرَهُ وَلَامَهُ، فَقُلْتُ: أَمَا إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ لَئِنْ قَدِمْتُ الْمَدِينَةَ لَأَذْكُرَنَّ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَأُخْبِرَنَّهُ مَا لَقِينَا مِنَ الْغِلْظَةِ وَالتَّضْيِيقِ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا قَدِمْنَا الْمَدِينَةَ غَدَوْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَفْعَلَ مَا كُنْتُ حَلَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَقِيتُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ خَارِجًا مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَآنِي وَقَفَ مَعِي وَرَحَّبَ بِي، وَسَاءَلَنِي وَسَاءَلْتُهُ وَقَالَ: مَتَى قَدِمْتَ ؟ فَقُلْتُ: قَدِمْتُ الْبَارِحَةَ. فَرَجَعَ مَعِي إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَدَخَلَ وَقَالَ: هَذَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ الشَّهِيدِ. فَقَالَ: " ائْذَنْ لَهُ ". فَدَخَلْتُ فَحَيَّيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَحَيَّانِي، وَأَقْبَلَ عَلَيَّ وَسَأَلَنِي عَنْ نَفْسِي وَأَهْلِي، وَأَحْفَى الْمَسْأَلَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا لَقِينَا مِنْ عَلِيٍّ مِنَ الْغِلْظَةِ وَسُوءِ الصُّحْبَةِ وَالتَّضْيِيقِ ؟ فَانْتَبَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَجَعَلْتُ أَنَا أُعَدِّدُ مَا لَقِينَا مِنْهُ حَتَّى إِذَا كُنْتُ فِي وَسَطِ كَلَامِي، ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى فَخِذِي، وَكُنْتُ مِنْهُ قَرِيبًا، وَقَالَ: " يَا سَعْدُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ الشَّهِيدِ مَهْ بَعْضَ قَوْلِكَ لِأَخِيكَ عَلِيٍّ، فَوَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ أَنَّهُ أَخْشَنَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ". قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ فِي نَفْسِي: ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ سَعْدَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ ! أَلَا أَرَانِي كُنْتُ فِيمَا يَكْرَهُ مُنْذُ الْيَوْمِ وَمَا أَدْرِي، لَا جَرَمَ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَذْكُرُهُ بِسُوءٍ أَبَدًا سِرًّا وَلَا عَلَانِيَةً. وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ جَيِّدٌ عَلَى شَرْطِ النَّسَائِيِّ، وَلَمْ يَرْوِهِ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْكُتُبِ السِّتَّةِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ يُونُسُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، حَدَّثَنِي يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي عَمْرَةَ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ رُكَانَةَ قَالَ: إِنَّمَا وَجَدَ جَيْشُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا مَعَهُ بِالْيَمَنِ ; لِأَنَّهُمْ حِينَ أَقْبَلُوا خَلَّفَ عَلَيْهِمْ رَجُلًا، وَتَعَجَّلَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ: فَعَمَدَ الرَّجُلُ فَكَسَا كُلَّ رَجُلٍ حُلَّةً، فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا خَرَجَ عَلِيٌّ يَسْتَقْبِلُهُمْ، فَإِذَا عَلَيْهِمُ الْحُلَلُ، قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: مَا هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: كَسَانَا فُلَانٌ. قَالَ: فَمَا دَعَاكَ إِلَى هَذَا قَبْلَ تَقْدَمُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَصْنَعُ مَا شَاءَ ؟ فَنَزَعَ الْحُلَلَ مِنْهُمْ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ اشْتَكَوْهُ لِذَلِكَ، وَكَانُوا قَدْ صَالَحُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَإِنَّمَا بَعَثَ عَلِيًّا إِلَى جِزْيَةٍ مَوْضُوعَةٍ. قُلْتُ: هَذَا السِّيَاقُ أَقْرَبُ مِنْ سِيَاقِ الْبَيْهَقِيِّ، وَذَلِكَ أَنْ عَلِيًّا سَبَقَهُمْ لِأَجْلِ الْحَجِّ، وَسَاقَ مَعَهُ هَدْيًا، وَأَهَلَّ بِإِهْلَالٍ كَإِهْلَالِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَمْكُثَ حَرَامًا. وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ: إِنِّي سُقْتُ الْهَدْيَ وَقَرَنْتُ وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا لَمَّا كَثُرَ فِيهِ الْقِيلُ وَالْقَالُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشِ ; بِسَبَبِ مَنْعِهِ إِيَّاهُمُ اسْتِعْمَالَ إِبِلِ الصَّدَقَةِ، وَاسْتِرْجَاعِهِ مِنْهُمُ الْحُلَلَ الَّتِي أَطْلَقَهَا لَهُمْ نَائِبُهُ، وَعَلِيٌّ مَعْذُورٌ فِيمَا فَعَلَ، لَكِنِ اشْتُهِرَ الْكَلَامُ فِيهِ فِي الْحَجِيجِ، فَلِذَلِكَ - وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ - لَمَّا رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ حَجَّتِهِ وَتَفَرَّغَ مِنْ مَنَاسِكِهِ وَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فَمَرَّ بِغَدِيرِ خُمٍّ، قَامَ فِي النَّاسِ خَطِيبًا فَبَرَّأَ سَاحَةَ عَلِيٍّ، وَرَفَعَ مِنْ قَدْرِهِ وَنَبَّهَ عَلَى فَضْلِهِ ; لِيُزِيلَ مَا وَقَرَ فِي نُفُوسِ كَثِيرٍ مِنَ النَّاسِ، وَسَيَأْتِي هَذَا مُفَصَّلًا فِي مَوْضِعِهِ، إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ، وَبِهِ الثِّقَةُ. وَقَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: ثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بْنِ شُبْرُمَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي نُعْمٍ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيَّ يَقُولُ: بَعَثَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ بِذُهَيْبَةٍ فِي أَدِيمٍ مَقْرُوظٍ، لَمْ تُحَصَّلْ مِنْ تُرَابِهَا. قَالَ: فَقَسَمَهَا بَيْنَ أَرْبَعَةٍ ; بَيْنَ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنِ بَدْرٍ، وَالْأَقْرَعِ بْنِ حَابِسٍ، وَزَيْدِ الْخَيْلِ، وَالرَّابِعُ إِمَّا عَلْقَمَةُ - يَعْنِي بْنَ عُلَاثَةَ - وَإِمَّا عَامِرُ بْنُ الطُّفَيْلِ. فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ: كُنَّا نَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِهَذَا مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ. فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: " أَلَا تَأْمَنُونِي وَأَنَا أَمِينُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاءِ، يَأْتِينِي خَبَرُ السَّمَاءِ صَبَاحًا وَمَسَاءً ؟! ". قَالَ: فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ غَائِرُ الْعَيْنَيْنِ، مُشْرِفُ الْوَجْنَتَيْنِ، نَاشِزُ الْجَبْهَةِ، كَثُّ اللِّحْيَةِ، مَحْلُوقُ الرَّأْسِ، مُشَمَّرُ الْإِزَارِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، اتَّقِ اللَّهَ. فَقَالَ: " وَيْلَكَ، أَوَلَسْتُ أَحَقَّ النَّاسِ أَنْ يَتَّقِيَ اللَّهَ ؟! ". قَالَ: ثُمَّ وَلَّى الرَّجُلُ. قَالَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَلَا أَضْرِبُ عُنُقَهُ ؟ قَالَ: " لَا، لَعَلَّهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ يُصَلِّي ". قَالَ خَالِدٌ: وَكَمْ مِنْ مُصَلٍّ يَقُولُ بِلِسَانِهِ مَا لَيْسَ فِي قَلْبِهِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنِّي لَمْ أُؤْمَرُ أَنْ أُنَقِّبَ عَنْ قُلُوبِ النَّاسِ، وَلَا أَشُقَّ بُطُونَهُمْ ". قَالَ: ثُمَّ نَظَرَ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ مُقْفٍ، فَقَالَ: " إِنَّهُ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ ضِئْضِئِ هَذَا قَوْمٌ يَتْلُونَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ رَطْبًا لَا يُجَاوِزُ حَنَاجِرَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ ". أَظُنُّهُ قَالَ: " لَئِنْ أَدْرَكْتُهُمْ لَأَقْتُلَنَّهُمْ قَتْلَ ثَمُودَ ". وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي مَوَاضِعَ أُخَرَ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، وَمُسْلِمٌ فِي كِتَابِ الزَّكَاةِ مِنْ " صَحِيحِهِ " مِنْ طُرُقٍ مُتَعَدِّدَةٍ إِلَى عُمَارَةَ بْنِ الْقَعْقَاعِ بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: ثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ، عَنْ أَبِي الْبَخْتَرِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ وَأَنَا حَدِيثُ السِّنِّ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: تَبْعَثُنِي إِلَى قَوْمٍ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَحْدَاثٌ وَلَا عِلْمَ لِي بِالْقَضَاءِ. قَالَ: " إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَيَهْدِي لِسَانَكَ، وَيُثَبِّتُ قَلْبَكَ ". قَالَ: فَمَا شَكَكْتُ فِي قَضَاءٍ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ بَعْدُ وَرَوَاهُ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ مِنْ حَدِيثِ الْأَعْمَشِ بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَامِرٍ، ثَنَا شَرِيكٌ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، تَبْعَثُنِي إِلَى قَوْمٍ أَسَنَّ مِنِّي وَأَنَا حَدَثٌ لَا أُبْصِرُ الْقَضَاءَ ؟! قَالَ: فَوَضْعُ يَدَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِي وَقَالَ ": اللَّهُمَّ ثَبِّتْ لِسَانَهُ، وَاهْدِ قَلْبَهُ. يَا عَلِيُّ، إِذَا جَلَسَ إِلَيْكَ الْخَصْمَانِ فَلَا تَقْضِ بَيْنَهُمَا حَتَّى تَسْمَعَ مِنَ الْآخَرِ كَمَا سَمِعْتَ مِنَ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنَّكَ إِذَا فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ تَبَيَّنَ لَكَ الْقَضَاءُ ". قَالَ: فَمَا اخْتَلَفَ عَلَيَّ قَضَاءٌ بَعْدُ. أَوْ: مَا أُشْكِلَ عَلَيَّ قَضَاءٌ بَعْدُ. وَرَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ مِنْ طُرُقٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكٍ، وَالتِّرْمِذِيِّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ زَائِدَةَ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَنَشِ بْنِ الْمُعْتَمِرِ - وَقِيلَ: ابْنِ رَبِيعَةَ الْكِنَانِيِّ الْكُوفِيِّ - عَنْ عَلِيٍّ بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ أَنَّ نَفَرًا وَطِئُوا امْرَأَةً فِي طُهْرٍ، فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ لِاثْنَيْنِ: أَتَطِيبَانِ نَفْسًا لِذَا ؟ فَقَالَا: لَا. فَأَقْبَلَ عَلَى الْآخَرِينَ فَقَالَ: أَتَطِيبَانِ نَفْسًا لِذَا ؟ فَقَالَا: لَا. فَقَالَ: أَنْتُمْ شُرَكَاءٌ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ. فَقَالَ: إِنِّي مُقْرِعٌ بَيْنَكُمْ. فَأَيُّكُمْ قَرَعَ أَغْرَمْتُهُ ثُلْثَيِ الدِّيَةِ، وَأَلْزَمْتُهُ الْوَلَدَ. قَالَ: فَذُكِرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: " لَا أَعْلَمُ إِلَّا مَا قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ". وَقَالَ أَحْمَدُ: ثَنَا سُرَيْجُ بْنُ النُّعْمَانِ، ثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَنْبَأَنَا الْأَجْلَحُ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ أَنَّ عَلِيًّا أُتِيَ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ نَفَرٍ، إِذْ كَانَ فِي الْيَمَنِ، اشْتَرَكُوا فِي وَلَدٍ، فَأَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ فَضَمِنَ الَّذِي أَصَابَتْهُ الْقُرْعَةُ ثُلْثَيِ الدِّيَةِ وَجَعَلَ الْوَلَدَ لَهُ. قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ: فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ بِقَضَاءِ عَلِيٍّ، فَضَحِكَ حَتَّى بَدَتْ نَوَاجِذُهُ. وَرَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ، عَنْ مُسَدَّدٍ، عَنْ يَحْيَى الْقَطَّانِ، وَالنَّسَائِيِّ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ حُجْرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُسْهِرٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَامِرٍ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الْخَلِيلِ - وَقَالَ النَّسَائِيُّ فِي رِوَايَتِهِ: عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ - عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ قَالَ: كُنْتُ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّ ثَلَاثَةَ نَفَرٍ أَتَوْا عَلِيًّا يَخْتَصِمُونَ فِي وَلَدٍ، وَقَعُوا عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ فِي طُهْرٍ وَاحِدٍ. فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ. وَقَالَ: فَضَحِكَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ. وَقَدْ رَوَيَاهُ - أَعْنِي أَبَا دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيَّ - مِنْ حَدِيثِ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَلِيلِ أَوِ ابْنِ الْخَلِيلِ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَوْلَهُ فَأَرْسَلَهُ وَلَمْ يَرْفَعْهُ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنِ الْأَجْلَحِ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ، فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ. وَأَخْرَجَهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ جَمِيعًا عَنْ خُشَيْشِ بْنِ أَصْرَمَ، وَابْنِ مَاجَهْ، عَنْ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ، كِلَاهُمَا عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّزَّاقِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ صَالِحٍ الْهَمْدَانِيِّ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ عَبْدِ خَيْرٍ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَرْقَمَ بِهِ. قَالَ شَيْخُنَا فِي " الْأَطْرَافِ ": لَعَلَّ عَبْدَ خَيْرٍ هَذَا هُوَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْخَلِيلِ، وَلَكِنْ لَمْ يَضْبُطِ الرَّاوِي اسْمَهُ. قُلْتُ: فَعَلَى هَذَا يَقْوَى الْحَدِيثُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ غَيْرُهُ كَانَ أَجْوَدَ لِمُتَابَعَتِهِ لَهُ، لَكِنَّ الْأَجْلَحَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْكِنْدِيَّ فِيهِ كَلَامٌ مَا، وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ إِلَى الْقَوْلِ بِالْقُرْعَةِ فِي الْأَنْسَابِ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَهُوَ مِنْ أَفْرَادِهِ. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: ثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ، ثَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، ثَنَا سِمَاكٌ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ قَالَ: بَعَثَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْيَمَنِ فَانْتَهَيْنَا إِلَى قَوْمٍ قَدْ بَنَوْا زُبْيَةً لِلْأَسَدِ، فَبَيْنَمَا هُمْ كَذَلِكَ يَتَدَافَعُونَ إِذْ سَقَطَ رَجُلٌ فَتَعَلَّقَ بِآخَرَ، ثُمَّ تَعَلَّقَ رَجُلٌ بِآخَرَ، حَتَّى صَارُوا فِيهَا أَرْبَعَةً فَجَرَحَهُمُ الْأَسَدُ، فَانْتَدَبَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ بِحَرْبَةٍ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَمَاتُوا مِنْ جِرَاحَتِهِمْ كُلُّهُمْ، فَقَامَ أَوْلِيَاءُ الْأَوَّلِ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْآخَرِ فَأَخْرَجُوا السِّلَاحَ لِيَقْتَتِلُوا، فَأَتَاهُمْ عَلِيٌّ عَلَى تَفِئَةِ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ: تُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَقَاتَلُوا وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيٌّ ؟! إِنِّي أَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمْ قَضَاءً إِنْ رَضِيتُمْ فَهُوَ الْقَضَاءُ، وَإِلَّا حَجَزَ بَعْضُكُمْ عَنْ بَعْضٍ حَتَّى تَأْتُوا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَيَكُونُ هُوَ الَّذِي يَقْضِي بَيْنَكُمْ، فَمَنْ عَدَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ، اجْمَعُوا مِنْ قَبَائِلِ الَّذِينَ حَضَرُوا الْبِئْرَ رُبْعَ الدِّيَةِ، وَثُلُثَ الدِّيَةِ، وَنِصْفَ الدِّيَةِ، وَالدِّيَةَ كَامِلَةً، فَلِلْأَوَّلِ الرُّبُعُ ; لِأَنَّهُ هَلَكَ مَنْ فَوْقَهُ وَلِلثَّانِي ثُلْثُ الدِّيَةِ، وَلِلثَّالِثِ نِصْفُ الدِّيَةِ، وَلِلرَّابِعِ الدِّيَةُ. فَأَبَوْا أَنْ يَرْضَوْا، فَأَتَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَهُوَ عِنْدَ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، فَقَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ، فَقَالَ: " أَنَا أَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ ". فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ عَلِيًّا قَضَى فِينَا. فَقَصُّوا عَلَيْهِ الْقِصَّةَ، فَأَجَازَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. ثُمَّ رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ أَيْضًا، عَنْ وَكِيعٍ، عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ حَنَشٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فَذَكَرَهُ.
Translation
✧ Chapter: The dispatch of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and Khālid b. al-Walīd to Yemen before the Farewell Pilgrimage Then al-Bukhārī said: Aḥmad b. ʿUthmān narrated to us, Shurayḥ b. Maslamah narrated to us, Ibrāhīm b. Yūsuf b. Abī Isḥāq narrated to us, my father narrated to me, from Abū Isḥāq: I heard al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib say: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent us with Khālid b. al-Walīd to Yemen. He said: Then he sent ʿAlī after that in his place. He said: "Command Khālid's companions: whoever of them wishes to follow you may follow, and whoever wishes may depart." I was among those who followed him. He said: I acquired a number of ounces. Al-Bukhārī alone transmitted it from this chain. Then al-Bukhārī said: Muḥammad b. Bashshār narrated to us, Rawḥ b. ʿUbādah narrated to us, ʿAlī b. Suwayd b. Manjūf narrated to us, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Buraydah, from his father, who said: The Prophet ﷺ sent ʿAlī to Khālid b. al-Walīd to collect the fifth, and I used to dislike ʿAlī. He came in the morning having performed a ritual bath, so I said to Khālid: Do you not see this? When we came to the Prophet ﷺ, I mentioned that to him. He said: "O Buraydah, do you dislike ʿAlī?" I said: Yes. He said: "Do not dislike him, for he has in the fifth more than that." Al-Bukhārī alone transmitted it, not Muslim, from this chain. Imām Aḥmad said: Yaḥyā b. Saʿīd narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Jalīl narrated to us, who said: I came to a circle in which were Abū Mijlaz and Ibn Buraydah. ʿAbd Allāh b. Buraydah said: My father Buraydah narrated to me, saying: I disliked ʿAlī with a dislike I had never felt for anyone. He said: And I loved a man from Quraysh whom I loved only because of his dislike of ʿAlī. He said: That man was sent in command of a cavalry detachment, and I accompanied him only because of his dislike of ʿAlī. He said: We captured some captives. He said: He wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: Send us someone to divide the fifth. He said: He sent ʿAlī to us, and among the captives was a young slave girl who was one of the best of the captives. He said: He divided the fifth and distributed, then he came out with his head dripping. We said: O Abū al-Ḥasan, what is this? He said: Did you not see the slave girl who was among the captives? I divided and distributed, and she fell to the fifth, then she fell to the family of the Prophet ﷺ, then she fell to the family of ʿAlī, and I had intercourse with her. He said: The man wrote to the Prophet of Allah ﷺ, and I said: Send me. He sent me as a collector of zakāh. I began to read the letter and say: He has spoken the truth. He said: He took hold of my hand and the letter, and said: "Do you dislike ʿAlī?" He said: I said: Yes. He said: "Do not dislike him, and if you love him, increase your love for him. For by the One in Whose hand is Muhammad's soul, the share of ʿAlī's family in the fifth is better than a slave girl." He said: After the Prophet ﷺ said that, there was no one among the people more beloved to me than ʿAlī. ʿAbd Allāh b. Buraydah said: By the One besides Whom there is no god, between me and the Prophet ﷺ in this hadith there is only my father Buraydah. This chain is unique to ʿAbd al-Jalīl b. ʿAṭiyyah, the jurist Abū Ṣāliḥ al-Baṣrī; Ibn Maʿīn and Ibn Ḥibbān declared him trustworthy, and al-Bukhārī said: He errs only in one thing after another. Muḥammad b. Isḥāq said: Abān b. Ṣāliḥ narrated to us, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Niyār al-Aslamī, from his maternal uncle ʿAmr b. Shās al-Aslamī, who was one of the companions of al-Ḥudaybiyyah. He said: I was with ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib in his cavalry that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent him with to Yemen. ʿAlī treated me with some harshness, and I felt resentful toward him. When I came to Madinah, I complained about him in the gatherings of Madinah and to whomever I met. One day I came while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting in the mosque. When he saw me, he looked into my eyes until I sat down beside him. When I sat down, he said: "By Allah, O ʿAmr b. Shās, you have hurt me." I said: We belong to Allah and to Him we return. I seek refuge in Allah and in Islam from hurting the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: "Whoever hurts ʿAlī has hurt me." Al-Bayhaqī narrated it from another chain, from Ibn Isḥāq, from Abān, from al-Faḍl b. Maʿqil b. Sinān, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Niyār, from his maternal uncle ʿAmr b. Shās, and mentioned it with its meaning. Al-Ḥāfiẓ al-Bayhaqī said: Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥāfiẓ informed us, Abū Isḥāq al-Muzakkī informed us, Abū ʿAbd Allāh Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Jawzajānī informed us, Abū ʿUbaydah b. Abī al-Safar narrated to us: I heard Ibrāhīm b. Yūsuf b. Abī Isḥāq, from his father, from Abū Isḥāq, from al-Barāʾ, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent Khālid b. al-Walīd to the people of Yemen to call them to Islam. Al-Barāʾ said: I was among those who went out with Khālid b. al-Walīd. We stayed six months calling them to Islam, but they did not respond. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and commanded him to recall Khālid, except that any man who was with Khālid and wished to follow ʿAlī might follow him. Al-Barāʾ said: I was among those who followed ʿAlī. When we drew near the people, they came out to us, and ʿAlī led us in prayer, then arrayed us in a single row, then advanced before us and read to them the letter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. All of Hamdān embraced Islam. ʿAlī wrote to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informing him of their conversion. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ read the letter, he fell prostrate, then raised his head and said: "Peace be upon Hamdān, peace be upon Hamdān." Al-Bayhaqī said: Al-Bukhārī narrated it in abridged form from another chain, from Ibrāhīm b. Yūsuf. Al-Bayhaqī said: Abū al-Ḥusayn Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad b. al-Faḍl al-Qaṭṭān informed us, Abū Sahl b. Ziyād al-Qaṭṭān informed us, Abū Isḥāq Ismāʿīl b. Isḥāq al-Qāḍī narrated to us, Ismāʿīl b. Abī Uways narrated to us, my brother narrated to me, from Sulaymān b. Bilāl, from Saʿd b. Isḥāq b. Kaʿb, from ʿUjrah, from his paternal aunt Zaynab bt. Kaʿb b. ʿUjrah, from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī, that he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib to Yemen. Abū Saʿīd said: I was among those who went out with him. When he took some of the zakāh camels, we asked him to let us ride them and rest our own camels—we had noticed some defect in our camels. He refused us and said: You have in them only a share like the Muslims. He said: When ʿAlī finished and departed from Yemen returning, he appointed a man over us and hurried ahead to perform the Hajj. When he completed his Hajj, the Prophet ﷺ said to him: "Return to your companions until you come to them." Abū Saʿīd said: We had asked the man he left in charge for what ʿAlī had denied us, and he did it. When ʿAlī learned that the zakāh camels had been ridden and saw the marks of riding, he blamed the man he had appointed and reproached him. I said: By Allah, I have a duty to Allah that if I reach Madinah, I will mention to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and tell him what we encountered of harshness and restriction. He said: When we reached Madinah, I went early to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ intending to do what I had sworn. I met Abū Bakr coming out from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When he saw me, he stopped with me, welcomed me, and asked me about myself, and I asked him. He said: When did you arrive? I said: I arrived last night. He returned with me to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, entered, and said: This is Saʿd b. Mālik b. al-Shahīd. He said: "Give him permission." I entered and greeted the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he greeted me, turned to me, and asked me about myself and my family, and questioned me thoroughly. I said: O Messenger of Allah, what we encountered from ʿAlī of harshness, bad companionship, and restriction! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew back, and I began to enumerate what we had encountered from him, until when I was in the middle of my speech, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck my thigh—I was close to him—and said: "O Saʿd b. Mālik b. al-Shahīd, enough of some of your words against your brother ʿAlī. For by Allah, I know that he is harsher in the cause of Allah." He said: I said to myself: May your mother be bereaved of you, Saʿd b. Mālik! Do I not see that I have been in what he dislikes since today, and I did not know? By Allah, I will never mention him with evil, secretly or openly. This is a good chain according to the conditions of al-Nasāʾī, and none of the authors of the Six Books narrated it. Yūnus said, from Muḥammad b. Isḥāq: Yaḥyā b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī ʿAmrah narrated to me, from Yazīd b. Ṭalḥah b. Yazīd b. Rukānah, who said: The army of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib, those who were with him in Yemen, only found fault because when they set out, he left a man in charge of them and hastened ahead to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said: The man proceeded to clothe every man in a robe. When they drew near, ʿAlī went out to meet them, and behold, they were wearing robes. ʿAlī said: What is this? They said: So-and-so clothed us. He said: What prompted you to do this before coming to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ so that he might do as he wishes? He stripped the robes from them. When they came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, they complained about him for that. They had made peace with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he had sent ʿAlī only for an assigned jizyah. I say: This account is closer than al-Bayhaqī's account, because ʿAlī preceded them for the sake of the Hajj, and he drove a sacrificial animal with him, and he entered iḥrām with the same iḥrām as the Prophet ﷺ, so he commanded him to remain in iḥrām. In the narration of al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib, he said to him: I have driven the sacrificial animal and performed qirān. The point is that when much talk arose about ʿAlī from that army because of his preventing them from using the camels of the zakāh and his taking back the robes that his deputy had given them—and ʿAlī was excused in what he did—but the talk about him became widespread among the pilgrims. For that reason—and Allah knows best—when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from his pilgrimage, finished his rituals, and came back to Madinah, he passed by Ghadīr Khumm, stood among the people as a preacher, exonerated ʿAlī, raised his status, and called attention to his excellence, in order to remove what had settled in the hearts of many people. This will come in detail in its place, if Allah wills, and in Him is trust. Al-Bukhārī said: Qutaybah narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Wāḥid narrated to us, from ʿUmārah b. al-Qaʿqāʿ b. Shubrumah: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Nuʿm narrated to me: I heard Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī say: ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib sent to the Prophet ﷺ from Yemen a small piece of gold in tanned leather that had not been separated from its dust. He said: He divided it among four: ʿUyaynah b. Badr, al-Aqraʿ b. Ḥābis, Zayd al-Khayl, and the fourth either ʿAlqamah—meaning b. ʿUlāthah—or ʿĀmir b. al-Ṭufayl. A man from his companions said: We were more entitled to this than those. This reached the Prophet ﷺ, and he said: "Do you not trust me, when I am the trustee of the One in the heaven? The news of the heaven comes to me morning and evening!" He said: A man with sunken eyes, prominent cheekbones, a protruding forehead, a thick beard, a shaved head, and a raised lower garment stood up and said: O Messenger of Allah, fear Allah. He said: "Woe to you! Am I not the most entitled of people to fear Allah?" He said: Then the man turned away. Khālid b. al-Walīd said: O Messenger of Allah, shall I strike his neck? He said: "No, perhaps he prays." Khālid said: How many a praying person says with his tongue what is not in his heart. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I was not commanded to pierce people's hearts or split their bellies." He said: Then he looked at him as he was departing, and said: "From the loins of this one there will come a people who recite the Book of Allah moistly, but it does not pass beyond their throats. They pass through the religion as the arrow passes through the game." I think he said: "If I overtake them, I will surely kill them as the killing of Thamūd." Al-Bukhārī narrated it in other places of his book, and Muslim in the Book of Zakāh of his Ṣaḥīḥ from multiple chains to ʿUmārah b. al-Qaʿqāʿ. Imām Aḥmad said: Yaḥyā narrated to us, from al-Aʿmash, from ʿAmr b. Murrah, from Abū al-Bakhtarī, from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen when I was young. He said: I said: You send me to a people among whom there will be disputes, and I have no knowledge of judging. He said: "Allah will guide your tongue and make your heart firm." He said: After that I never doubted in a judgment between two people. Ibn Mājah narrated it from the hadith of al-Aʿmash. Imām Aḥmad said: Aswad b. ʿĀmir narrated to us, Sharīk narrated to us, from Simāk, from Ḥanash, from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen. He said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, you send me to a people older than me, while I am young and cannot see how to judge?! He said: He placed his hand on my chest and said: "O Allah, make his tongue firm and guide his heart. O ʿAlī, when two disputants sit before you, do not judge between them until you have heard from the other as you heard from the first, for if you do that, the judgment will become clear to you." He said: After that no judgment was ever confused for me, or: no judgment was ever difficult for me. Aḥmad also narrated it, and Abū Dāwūd from chains, from Sharīk, and al-Tirmidhī from the hadith of Zāʾidah, both from Simāk b. Ḥarb, from Ḥanash b. al-Muʿtamir—and it is said: b. Rabīʿah al-Kinānī al-Kūfī—from ʿAlī. Imām Aḥmad said: Sufyān b. ʿUyaynah narrated to us, from al-Ajlaḥ, from al-Shaʿbī, from ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī al-Khalīl, from Zayd b. Arqam, that a group of men had intercourse with a woman in a single period of purity. ʿAlī said to two of them: Do you willingly acknowledge this child? They said: No. He turned to the other two and said: Do you willingly acknowledge this child? They said: No. He said: You are quarreling partners. He said: I will draw lots among you. Whoever wins the lot, I will make him pay two-thirds of the blood money and attach the child to him. He said: That was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ, and he said: "I do not know anything except what ʿAlī said." Aḥmad said: Surayj b. al-Nuʿmān narrated to us, Hushaym narrated to us, al-Ajlaḥ informed us, from al-Shaʿbī, from Abū al-Khalīl, from Zayd b. Arqam, that ʿAlī was brought a case of three men, when he was in Yemen, who had shared in a child. He drew lots among them, and the one who won the lot was made responsible for two-thirds of the blood money, and the child was assigned to him. Zayd b. Arqam said: I came to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him of ʿAlī's judgment, and he laughed until his molars appeared. Abū Dāwūd narrated it from Musaddad, from Yaḥyā al-Qaṭṭān, and al-Nasāʾī from ʿAlī b. Ḥujr, from ʿAlī b. Mushir, both from al-Ajlaḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh, from ʿĀmir al-Shaʿbī, from ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Khalīl — and al-Nasāʾī said in his narration: ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī al-Khalīl — from Zayd b. Arqam, who said: I was with the Prophet ﷺ when a man from the people of Yemen came and said: Three men came to ʿAlī disputing over a child; they had intercourse with a woman during a single period of purity. Then he mentioned something similar to what preceded. And he said: The Prophet ﷺ laughed. They — I mean Abū Dāwūd and al-Nasāʾī — also narrated it from the ḥadīth of Shuʿba, from Salama b. Kuhayl, from al-Shaʿbī, from Abū al-Khalīl or Ibn al-Khalīl, from ʿAlī as his saying, and they transmitted it as mursal without raising it. Imām Aḥmad also narrated it from ʿAbd al-Razzāq, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from al-Ajlaḥ, from al-Shaʿbī, from ʿAbd Khayr, from Zayd b. Arqam, and he mentioned something similar to what preceded. Abū Dāwūd and al-Nasāʾī both transmitted it from Khushaysh b. Aṣram, and Ibn Mājah from Isḥāq b. Manṣūr, both from ʿAbd al-Razzāq, from Sufyān al-Thawrī, from Ṣāliḥ al-Hamdānī, from al-Shaʿbī, from ʿAbd Khayr, from Zayd b. Arqam, with it. Our shaykh said in al-Aṭrāf: Perhaps this ʿAbd Khayr is ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Khalīl, but the narrator did not accurately record his name. I say: On this basis, the ḥadīth is strengthened, and even if he were someone else, it would still be better for corroborating him; however, al-Ajlaḥ b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Kindī has some criticism against him. Imām Aḥmad adopted the position of drawing lots in genealogies, and this is one of his unique opinions. Imām Aḥmad said: Abū Saʿīd narrated to us, Isrāʾīl narrated to us, Simāk narrated to us, from Ḥanash, from ʿAlī, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ sent me to Yemen. We came to a people who had dug a pit for a lion. While they were thus pushing one another, a man fell in and clung to another, then another man clung to another, until four of them ended up in it, and the lion wounded them. A man volunteered with a spear and killed it, but they all died from their wounds. The guardians of the first man confronted the guardians of the last one and drew weapons to fight. ʿAlī came to them at that moment and said: Do you want to fight while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is alive? I will judge among you with a judgment: if you accept it, it is the judgment; otherwise, let some of you restrain others until you come to the Prophet ﷺ, and he will be the one to judge among you. Whoever transgresses after that has no right. Collect from the tribes of those who were present at the well a quarter of the blood money, a third of the blood money, half of the blood money, and the full blood money. For the first is a quarter, because he perished with those above him; for the second is a third of the blood money; for the third is half of the blood money; and for the fourth is the full blood money. They refused to accept, so they came to the Prophet ﷺ while he was at the Station of Ibrāhīm, and they told him the story. He said: 'I will judge among you.' A man from the people said: O Messenger of Allah, ʿAlī already judged among us. They told him the story, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ approved it. Then Imām Aḥmad also narrated it from Wakīʿ, from Ḥammād b. Salama, from Simāk b. Ḥarb, from Ḥanash, from ʿAlī, and he mentioned it.
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