Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1660
The Farewell Pilgrimage
رَمْيِهِ، عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ، جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ وَحْدَهَا يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، وَكَيْفَ رَمَاهَا، وَمَتَى رَمَاهَا، وَمِنْ أَيِّ مَوْضِعٍ رَمَاهَا، وَبِكَمْ رَمَاهَا ، وَقَطْعِهِ التَّلْبِيَةَ حِينَ رَمَاهَا «فَأَتَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ فَوَقَفَ فِي أَسْفَلِ الْوَادِي وَجَعَلَ الْبَيْتَ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ، وَمِنًى عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، وَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْجَمْرَةَ، وَهُوَ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ فَرَمَاهَا رَاكِبًا بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الشَّمْسِ، وَاحِدَةٌ بَعْدَ وَاحِدَةٍ، يَكْبُرُ مَعَ كُلِّ حَصَاةٍ، وَحِينَئِذٍ قَطَعَ التَّلْبِيَةَ وَكَانَ فِي مَسِيرِهِ ذَلِكَ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى شَرَعَ فِي الرَّمْيِ، وَبِلَالٌ وَأُسَامَةُ مَعَهُ، أَحَدُهُمَا آخِذٌ بِخُطَامِ نَاقَتِهِ، وَالْآخَرُ يُظِلُّهُ بِثَوْبٍ مِنَ الْحَرِّ». قُلْتُ: الَّذِي كَانَ يُظِلُّهُ بِلَالٌ كَمَا فِي حَدِيثِ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ، عَنْ بَعْضِ الصَّحَابَةِ رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ. وَفِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ جُنْدَبٍ الْأَزْدِيَّةِ أَنَّهُ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ الْعَبَّاسٍ، رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ، وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ فَإِنَّهُمَا كَانَا يَتَنَاوَبَانِ. وَفِي هَذَا: دَلِيلٌ عَلَى جَوَازِ اسْتِظْلَالِ الْمُحْرِمِ بِالْمَحْمِلِ وَنَحْوِهِ، إِنْ كَانَتْ قِصَّةُ هَذَا الْإِظْلَالِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ ثَابِتَةً، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ بَعْدَهُ فِي أَيَّامِ مِنًى فَلَا حُجَّةَ فِيهَا، وَلَيْسَ فِي الْحَدِيثِ بَيَانٌ فِي أَيِّ زَمَنٍ كَانَتْ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وَرَوَى مُسْلِمٌ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ» وَيَقُولُ لَنَا: «خُذُوا عَنِّي مَنَاسِكَكُمْ فَإِنِّي لَا أَدْرِي لَعَلِّي لَا أَحُجُّ بَعْدَ حَجَّتِي هَذِهِ»، وَفِي حَدِيثِ أُمِّ جُنْدَبٍ: فَازْدَحَمَ النَّاسُ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا يَقْتُلُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا وَإِذَا رَمَيْتُمُ الْجَمْرَةَ فَارْمُوا بِمِثْلِ حَصَى الْخَذْفِ» ، وَرَأَيْتُ بَيْنَ أَصَابِعِهِ حَجَرًا فَرَمَى وَرَمَى النَّاسُ». وَفِي حَدِيثِ حُذَافَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعَلَائِيِّ أَنَّهُ رَأَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَمَى جَمْرَةَ الْعَقَبَةِ فِي بَطْنِ الْوَادِي يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ عَلَى نَاقَةٍ لَهُ صَهْبَاءَ، لَا ضَرْبَ وَلَا طَرْدَ وَلَا إِلَيْكَ إِلَيْكَ. قُلْتُ: «وَلَمْ يَقِفْ عِنْدَ جَمْرَةِ الْعَقَبَةِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى مِنًى فَخَطَبَ النَّاسَ خُطْبَةً بَلِيغَةً». وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ بِمِنًى وَأَنْزَلَهُمْ مَنَازِلَهُمْ، فَقَالَ: «لِيَنْزِلِ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ هَاهُنَا» وَأَشَارَ إِلَى يَمِينِ الْقِبْلَةِ، «وَالْأَنْصَارُ هَاهُنَا» وَأَشَارَ إِلَى مَيْسَرَةِ الْقِبْلَةِ، «ثُمَّ لِيَنْزِلِ النَّاسُ حَوْلَهُمْ»، وَعَلَّمَهُمْ مَنَاسِكَهُمْ، فَفُتِحَتْ أَسْمَاعُ أَهْلِ مِنًى حَتَّى سَمِعُوهُ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: وَلَسْتُ أَدْرِي أَكَانَتْ قَبْلَ ذَهَابِهِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ، أَوْ بَعْدَ رُجُوعِهِ مِنْهُ إِلَى مِنًى ؟. قُلْتُ: جَزَمَ- صَاحِبُ الْهَدْيِ: «بِأَنَّهَا كَانَتْ قَبْلَ ذَهَابِهِ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ، وَكَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ خَارِجَةَ تَحْتَ جِرَانِ نَاقَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهِيَ تَقْصَعُ بِجَرَّتِهَا وَإِنَّ لُعَابَهَا لَيَسِيلُ بَيْنَ كَتِفَيْهِ قَالَ الْحَافِظُ: قَالَ بَعْضُ الشُّرَّاحِ: إِنَّهُ بِلَالٌ، وَالصَّوَابُ: أَنَّهُ أَبُو بَكْرَةَ- فَقَالَ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ الْعَضْبَاءِ بَعْدَ أَنْ حَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ: «إِلَّا أَنَّ الزَّمَانَ قَدِ اسْتَدَارَ كَهَيْئَتِهِ يَوْمَ خَلَقَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ، وَالسَّنَةُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ شَهْرًا مِنْهَا أَرْبَعَةٌ حُرُمٌ. ثَلَاثُ مُتَوَالِيَاتِ: ذُو الْقِعْدَةِ، وَذُو الْحِجَّةِ، وَالْمُحَرَّمُ، وَرَجَبُ مُضَرَ الَّذِي بَيْنَ جُمَادَى وَشَعْبَانَ أَلَا أَيْ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَلَا تَدْرُونَ، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: أَتَدْرُونَ أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا ؟ » قُلْنَا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ فَقَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ هَذَا يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ ؟ » قُلْنَا: بَلَى، قَالَ: «أَيُّ شَهْرٍ هَذَا ؟ » قُلْنَا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ، فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَّنَا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ، قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ ذُو الْحِجَّةِ ؟ » قُلْنَا: بَلَى، قَالَ: «فَأَيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذَا ؟ » قُلْنَا: اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَسَكَتَ حَتَّى ظَنَنَّا أَنَّهُ سَيُسَمِّيهِ بِغَيْرِ اسْمِهِ. قَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ الْبَلْدَةَ ؟ » قُلْنَا: بَلَى. قَالَ فَإِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ- قَالَ مُحَمَّدٌ- وَأَحْسَبُهُ قَالَ: وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا وَسَتَلْقَوْنَ رَبَّكُمْ فَيَسْأَلُكُمْ عَنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ، أَلَا لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ، أَلَا لِيُبَلِّغِ الشَّاهِدُ الْغَائِبَ، فَلَعَلَّ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَبْلُغُهُ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَوْعَى لَهُ مِنْ بَعْضِ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ»، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ » قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ فَاشْهَدْ». رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالشَّيْخَانِ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ، وَالْبُخَارِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: «خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ النَّحْرِ، فَقَالَ: «أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ: أَيُّ يَوْمٍ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا يَوْمٌ حَرَامٌ، قَالَ: فَأَيُّ بَلَدٍ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا بَلَدٌ حَرَامٌ، قَالَ: فَأَيُّ شَهْرٍ هَذَا ؟ قَالُوا: شَهْرٌ حَرَامٌ، قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ دِمَاءَكُمْ، وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ حَرَامٌ، كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا». فَأَعَادَهَا مِرَارًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ [إِلَى السَّمَاءِ] فَقَالَ: «اللَّهُمَّ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ اللَّهُمَّ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ؟ ». وَرَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ نَحْوَهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ: «أَلَا أَيُّ شَهْرٍ تَعْلَمُونَهُ أَعْظَمُ حُرْمَةً ؟ » قَالُوا شَهْرَنَا هَذَا، قَالَ: « أَلَا أَيُّ بَلَدٍ تَعْلَمُونَهُ أَعْظَمَ حُرْمَةً ؟ » قَالُوا: بَلَدُنَا هَذَا، قَالَ: « أَلَا أَيُّ يَوْمٍ تَعْلَمُونَهُ أَعْظَمَ حُرْمَةً ؟ » قَالُوا: يَوْمُنَا هَذَا، قَالَ: «فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى قَدْ حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمْ دِمَاءَكُمْ وَأَمْوَالَكُمْ وَأَعْرَاضَكُمْ إِلَّا بِحَقِّهَا كَحُرْمَةِ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي بَلَدِكُمْ هَذَا، فِي شَهْرِكُمْ هَذَا، أَلَا هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ ثَلَاثًا ؟ » كُلُّ ذَلِكَ يُجِيبُونَهُ أَلَا نَعَمْ قَالَ: «وَيَحْكُمُ أَوْ قَالَ: وَيْلَكُمْ لَا تَرْجِعُوا بَعْدِي كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ».
Translation
✧ His stoning, peace and blessings be upon him, of Jamrat al-ʿAqabah alone on the Day of Sacrifice, and how he stoned it, and when he stoned it, and from which position he stoned it, and with how many he stoned it, and his ceasing the talbiyah when he stoned it “He came to Jamrat al-ʿAqabah and stood in the lower part of the valley, placing the House on his left, and Minā on his right, and he faced the jamrah, while he was on his riding camel, and he stoned it while mounted after sunrise, one after another, saying ‘Allāhu akbar’ with each pebble. At that time he ceased the talbiyah, and during that journey he had been reciting the talbiyah until he began the stoning. Bilāl and Usāmah were with him, one of them holding the halter of his she-camel, and the other shading him with a cloth from the heat.” I say: The one who shaded him was Bilāl, as in the hadith of Abū Umāmah, from some of the Companions, narrated by Ibn Saʿd. And in the hadith of Umm Jundab al-Azdiyyah, it was al-Faḍl b. al-ʿAbbās, narrated by Imām Aḥmad, Abū Dāwūd, Ibn Mājah, and al-Bayhaqī, for they took turns. In this is evidence for the permissibility of the pilgrim in iḥrām shading himself with a canopy or the like, if the story of this shading on the Day of Sacrifice is established; but if it was after that, during the days of Minā, then there is no argument in it. There is no clarification in the hadith as to which time it was. And Allah knows best. Muslim, Ibn Saʿd, and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Jābir: “I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on his riding camel on the Day of Sacrifice,” and he said to us: “Take from me your rites, for I do not know—perhaps I will not perform Hajj after this Hajj of mine.” And in the hadith of Umm Jundab: “The people crowded, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: ‘O people, do not kill one another. And when you stone the jamrah, throw with pebbles like those used in khudhf.’ And I saw between his fingers a stone, and he threw, and the people threw.” And in the hadith of Ḥudhāfah b. ʿAbd Allāh al-ʿAlāʾī: that he saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ stone Jamrat al-ʿAqabah in the belly of the valley on the Day of Sacrifice on a reddish she-camel of his, with no striking, no driving away, and no “to you, to you.” I say: “He did not stop at Jamrat al-ʿAqabah. Then he returned to Minā and delivered an eloquent sermon to the people.” Imām Aḥmad narrated from ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muʿādh, from a man among the Companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed the people at Minā and assigned them their places, saying: ‘Let the Emigrants encamp here,’ and he pointed to the right of the qiblah, ‘and the Anṣār here,’ and he pointed to the left of the qiblah, ‘then let the people encamp around them.’ And he taught them their rites. And the ears of the people of Minā were opened so that they heard him in their dwellings.” Ibn Kathīr said: “I do not know whether this was before his going to the House, or after his return from it to Minā?” I say: The author of al-Hady asserted “that it was before his going to the House, and ʿAmr b. Khārijah was beneath the neck of the Prophet’s she-camel, and it was chewing its cud, and its saliva was flowing between his shoulders. Al-Ḥāfiẓ said: Some commentators said that it was Bilāl, but the correct view is that it was Abū Bakrah—so he ﷺ said, while on his she-camel al-ʿAḍbāʾ, after praising Allah and extolling Him: ‘Verily, time has returned to its form as on the day Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year is twelve months, of which four are sacred: three consecutive—Dhū al-Qaʿdah, Dhū al-Ḥijjah, and al-Muḥarram—and Rajab of Muḍar, which is between Jumādā and Shaʿbān. Do you not know,’ and in another narration, ‘Do you not know,’ and in another, ‘Do you know which day this is?’ We said: ‘Allah and His Messenger know best.’ He was silent until we thought he would call it by a name other than its own. Then he said: ‘Is this not the Day of Sacrifice?’ We said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Which month is this?’ We said: ‘Allah and His Messenger know best.’ He was silent until we thought he would call it by a name other than its own. He said: ‘Is this not Dhū al-Ḥijjah?’ We said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘Which land is this?’ We said: ‘Allah and His Messenger know best.’ He was silent until we thought he would call it by a name other than its own. He said: ‘Is this not the sacred city?’ We said: ‘Yes.’ Then he said: ‘Indeed your blood and your wealth—’ Muḥammad said, and I think he said, ‘And your honor—are inviolable upon you, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this land of yours, in this month of yours. And you will meet your Lord, and He will ask you about your deeds. Beware, do not return after me to disbelief, striking one another’s necks. Let the one present convey to the one absent, for perhaps some who are conveyed to may understand it better than some who heard it.’ Then he said: ‘Have I conveyed?’ We said: ‘Yes.’ He said: ‘O Allah, bear witness.’” Narrated by Imām Aḥmad and the two Shaykhs. And Imām Aḥmad and al-Bukhārī narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ delivered a sermon on the Day of Sacrifice and said: ‘O people, which day is this?’ They said: ‘A sacred day.’ He said: ‘Which land is this?’ They said: ‘A sacred land.’ He said: ‘Which month is this?’ They said: ‘A sacred month.’ He said: ‘Indeed your blood, your wealth, and your honor are inviolable upon you, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this land of yours, in this month of yours.’ He repeated it many times, then raised his head [to the sky] and said: ‘O Allah, have I conveyed? O Allah, have I conveyed?’” And the two Shaykhs narrated similarly from Ibn ʿUmar ؓ: “The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said in the Farewell Hajj: ‘Do you not know which month you consider the greatest in sanctity?’ They said: ‘This month of ours.’ He said: ‘Do you not know which land you consider the greatest in sanctity?’ They said: ‘This land of ours.’ He said: ‘Do you not know which day you consider the greatest in sanctity?’ They said: ‘This day of ours.’ He said: ‘Indeed Allah, Blessed and Exalted, has made inviolable upon you your blood, your wealth, and your honor, except by right, like the sanctity of this day of yours, in this land of yours, in this month of yours. Have I conveyed—three times?’ Each time they answered: ‘Yes, indeed.’ He said: ‘Woe to you—or he said: Woe to you—do not return after me to disbelief, striking one another’s necks.’”
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