Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1646
The Farewell Pilgrimage
الْأَمَاكِنِ الَّتِي صَلَّى فِيهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ ذَاهِبٌ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي عُمْرَتِهِ وَحَجَّتِهِ قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: بَابُ الْمَسَاجِدِ الَّتِي عَلَى طُرُقِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَالْمَوَاضِعِ الَّتِي صَلَّى فِيهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْمُقَدَّمِيُّ، قَالَ: ثَنَا فُضَيْلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، قَالَ: ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ سَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ يَتَحَرَّى أَمَاكِنَ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ فَيُصَلِّي فِيهَا، وَيُحَدِّثُ أَنَّ أَبَاهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِيهَا، وَأَنَّهُ رَأَى النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يُصَلِّي فِي تِلْكَ الْأَمْكِنَةِ. وَحَدَّثَنِي نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ ؓ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي فِي تِلْكَ الْأَمْكِنَةِ، وَسَأَلْتُ سَالِمًا فَلَا أَعْلَمُهُ إِلَّا وَافَقَ نَافِعًا فِي الْأَمْكِنَةِ كُلِّهَا، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمَا اخْتَلَفَا فِي مَسْجِدٍ بِشَرَفِ الرَّوْحَاءِ. حَدَّثَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، ثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ عِيَاضٍ، قَالَ: ثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ حِينَ يَعْتَمِرُ، وَفِي حَجَّتِهِ حِينَ حَجَّ، تَحْتَ سَمُرَةٍ فِي مَوْضِعِ الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي بِذِي الْحُلَيْفَةِ وَكَانَ إِذَا رَجَعَ مِنْ غَزْوٍ كَانَ فِي تِلْكَ الطَّرِيقِ أَوْ حَجٍّ أَوْ عُمْرَةٍ هَبَطَ، مِنْ بَطْنِ وَادٍ، فَإِذَا ظَهَرَ مِنْ بَطْنِ وَادٍ أَنَاخَ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ الَّتِي عَلَى شَفِيرِ الْوَادِي الشَّرْقِيَّةِ فَعَرَّسَ ثَمَّ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، لَيْسَ عِنْدَ الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي بِحِجَارَةٍ وَلَا عَلَى الْأَكَمَةِ الَّتِي عَلَيْهَا الْمَسْجِدُ، كَانَ ثَمَّ خَلِيجٌ يُصَلِّي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ عِنْدَهُ، فِي بَطْنِهِ كُثُبٌ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَمَّ يُصَلِّي، فَدَحَا السَّيْلُ فِيهِ بِالْبَطْحَاءِ، حَتَّى دَفَنَ ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانَ الَّذِي كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّي فِيهِ. وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى حَيْثُ الْمَسْجِدُ الصَّغِيرُ الَّذِي دُونَ الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي بِشَرَفِ الرَّوْحَاءِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُعْلِمُ الْمَكَانَ الَّذِي كَانَ صَلَّى فِيهِ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ ; يَقُولُ: ثَمَّ عَنْ يَمِينِكَ حِينَ تَقُومُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ تُصَلِّي. وَذَلِكَ الْمَسْجِدُ عَلَى حَافَّةِ الطَّرِيقِ الْيُمْنَى وَأَنْتَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْأَكْبَرِ رَمْيَةٌ بِحَجَرٍ أَوْ نَحْوُ ذَلِكَ. وَأَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ كَانَ يُصَلِّي إِلَى الْعِرْقِ الَّذِي عِنْدَ مُنْصَرَفِ الرَّوْحَاءِ، وَذَلِكَ الْعِرْقُ انْتِهَاءُ طَرَفِهِ عَلَى حَافَّةِ الطَّرِيقِ، دُونَ الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْمُنْصَرَفِ وَأَنْتَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، وَقَدِ ابْتُنِيَ ثَمَّ مَسْجِدٌ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّي فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَسْجِدِ، كَانَ يَتْرُكُهُ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ وَوَرَاءَهُ، وَيُصَلِّي أَمَامَهُ إِلَى الْعِرْقِ نَفْسِهِ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَرُوحُ مِنَ الرَّوْحَاءِ، فَلَا يُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانَ فَيُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ الظُّهْرَ، وَإِذَا أَقْبَلَ مِنْ مَكَّةَ فَإِنْ مَرَّ بِهِ قَبْلَ الصُّبْحِ بِسَاعَةٍ أَوْ مِنْ آخِرِ السَّحَرِ ; عَرَّسَ حَتَّى يُصَلِّيَ بِهَا الصُّبْحَ. وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ تَحْتَ سَرْحَةٍ ضَخْمَةٍ دُونَ الرُّوَيْثَةِ عَنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ وَوُجَاهَ الطَّرِيقِ، فِي مَكَانٍ بَطْحٍ سَهْلٍ، حَتَّى يُفْضِيَ مِنْ أَكَمَةٍ دُوَيْنَ بَرِيدِ الرُّوَيْثَةِ بِمِيلَيْنِ، وَقَدِ انْكَسَرَ أَعْلَاهَا فَانْثَنَى فِي جَوْفِهَا، وَهِيَ قَائِمَةٌ عَلَى سَاقٍ، وَفِي سَاقِهَا كُثُبٌ كَثِيرَةٌ. وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ صَلَّى فِي طَرَفِ تَلْعَةٍ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْعَرْجِ وَأَنْتَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى هَضْبَةٍ، عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَبْرَانِ أَوْ ثَلَاثَةٌ، عَلَى الْقُبُورِ رَضْمٌ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ، عَنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ عِنْدَ سَلِمَاتِ الطَّرِيقِ، بَيْنَ أُولَئِكَ السَّلِمَاتِ كَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يَرُوحُ مِنَ الْعَرْجِ بَعْدَ أَنْ تَمِيلَ الشَّمْسُ بِالْهَاجِرَةِ، فَيُصَلِّي الظُّهْرَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَسْجِدِ. وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ عِنْدَ سَرَحَاتٍ عَنْ يَسَارِ الطَّرِيقِ، فِي مَسِيلٍ دُونَ هَرْشَى. ذَلِكَ الْمَسِيلُ لَاصِقٌ بِكُرَاعِ هَرْشَى، بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الطَّرِيقِ قَرِيبٌ مِنْ غَلْوَةٍ، وَكَانَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يُصَلِّي إِلَى سَرْحَةٍ هِيَ أَقْرَبُ السَّرَحَاتِ إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ، وَهَى أَطْوَلُهُنَّ. وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ فِي الْمَسِيلِ الَّذِي فِي أَدْنَى مَرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ قَبْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ حِينَ يَهْبِطُ مِنَ الصَّفْرَاوَاتِ يَنْزِلُ فِي بَطْنِ ذَلِكَ الْمَسِيلِ، عَنْ يَسَارِ الطَّرِيقِ وَأَنْتَ ذَاهِبٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، لَيْسَ بَيْنَ مَنْزِلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبَيْنَ الطَّرِيقِ إِلَّا رَمْيَةٌ بِحَجَرٍ. وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ بِذِي طُوًى، وَيَبِيتُ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، يُصَلِّي الصُّبْحَ حِينَ يَقْدَمُ مَكَّةَ، وَمُصَلَّى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَكَمَةٍ غَلِيظَةٍ، لَيْسَ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الَّذِي بُنِيَ ثَمَّ، وَلَكِنْ أَسْفَلَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ عَلَى أَكَمَةٍ غَلِيظَةٍ. وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ اسْتَقْبَلَ فُرْضَتَيِ الْجَبَلِ الَّذِي بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجَبَلِ الطَّوِيلِ نَحْوَ الْكَعْبَةِ، فَجَعَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ الَّذِي بُنِيَ ثَمَّ يَسَارَ الْمَسْجِدِ بِطَرَفِ الْأَكَمَةِ، وَمُصَلَّى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَسْفَلَ مِنْهُ عَلَى الْأَكَمَةِ السَّوْدَاءِ، تَدَعُ مِنَ الْأَكَمَةِ عَشَرَةَ أَذْرُعٍ أَوْ نَحْوَهَا، ثُمَّ تُصَلِّي مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْفُرْضَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ الَّذِي بَيْنَكَ وَبَيْنَ الْكَعْبَةِ. تَفَرَّدَ الْبُخَارِيُّ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ بِطُولِهِ وَسِيَاقِهِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ مُسْلِمًا رَوَى مِنْهُ عِنْدَ قَوْلِهِ فِي آخِرِهِ: وَأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُمَرَ حَدَّثَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَنْزِلُ بِذِي طُوًى. إِلَى آخِرِ الْحَدِيثِ، وَهَذِهِ الْأَمَاكِنُ لَا يُعْرَفُ الْيَوْمَ كَثِيرٌ مِنْهَا أَوْ أَكْثَرُهَا ; لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ غُيِّرَ أَسْمَاءُ أَكْثَرِ هَذِهِ الْبِقَاعِ الْيَوْمَ عِنْدَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَعْرَابِ الَّذِينَ هُنَاكَ، فَإِنَّ الْجَهْلَ قَدْ غَلَبَ عَلَى أَكْثَرِهِمْ، وَإِنَّمَا أَوْرَدَهَا الْبُخَارِيُّ، رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ، فِي كِتَابِهِ لَعَلَّ أَحَدًا يَهْتَدِي إِلَيْهَا بِالتَّأَمُّلِ وَالتَّفَرُّسِ وَالتَّوَسُّمِ، أَوْ لَعَلَّ أَكْثَرَهَا أَوْ كَثِيرًا مِنْهَا كَانَ مَعْلُومًا فِي زَمَانِ الْبُخَارِيِّ. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ The places in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed while going from Madinah to Makkah in his ʿUmrah and his Hajj. Al-Bukhārī said: Chapter on the mosques that are on the roads of Madinah and the places in which the Prophet ﷺ prayed: Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr al-Muqaddamī narrated to us, saying: Fuḍayl b. Sulaymān narrated to us, saying: Mūsā b. ʿUqbah narrated to us, saying: I saw Sālim b. ʿAbd Allāh seeking out places along the road and praying in them, and he related that his father used to pray in them, and that he saw the Prophet ﷺ praying in those places. And Nāfiʿ narrated to me, from Ibn ʿUmar ؓ, that he used to pray in those places. I asked Sālim, and I do not think he differed from Nāfiʿ in any of the places, except that they differed concerning a mosque at Sharaf al-Rawḥāʾ. Ibrāhīm b. al-Mundhir narrated to us: Anas b. ʿIyāḍ narrated to us, saying: Mūsā b. ʿUqbah narrated to us, from Nāfiʿ, that ʿAbd Allāh informed him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to halt at Dhū al-Ḥulayfah when he performed ʿUmrah, and in his Hajj when he performed Hajj, beneath a samurah tree in the place of the mosque that is at Dhū al-Ḥulayfah. And when he returned from a military expedition along that route, or from Hajj or ʿUmrah, he descended into a valley bed; then, when he emerged from the valley bed, he made his camel kneel at the wide watercourse on the eastern edge of the valley, and he rested there until morning—not at the mosque built of stones, nor on the hillock on which the mosque stands. There was a stream there beside which ʿAbd Allāh used to pray, and in its bed were mounds of sand where the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to pray, but the flood later spread pebbles over it until it buried that place where ʿAbd Allāh used to pray. And ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar narrated to him that the Prophet ﷺ prayed where the small mosque stands, the one below the mosque at Sharaf al-Rawḥāʾ. ʿAbd Allāh used to mark the place where the Prophet ﷺ had prayed, saying: It is there on your right when you stand in the mosque to pray. That mosque is on the right side of the road as you go toward Makkah, between it and the larger mosque a stone's throw or thereabouts. And Ibn ʿUmar used to pray facing the ʿirq that is at the turnoff of al-Rawḥāʾ; that ʿirq ends at the edge of the road, below the mosque that is between it and the turnoff as you go toward Makkah. A mosque was later built there, but ʿAbd Allāh did not pray in that mosque; he would leave it to his left and behind him, and pray before it facing the ʿirq itself. ʿAbd Allāh used to depart from al-Rawḥāʾ and not pray the noon prayer until he reached that place, where he would pray the noon prayer. And when he came from Makkah, if he passed by it an hour before dawn, or at the end of the night, he would rest there until he prayed the dawn prayer at it. And ʿAbd Allāh narrated to him that the Prophet ﷺ used to halt beneath a large sarḥah tree below al-Ruwaythah, on the right of the road and facing it, in a flat, level place, until he came out from a hillock about two miles below the waystation of al-Ruwaythah. Its top had broken off and bent into its hollow, while it still stood on a trunk, and around its trunk were many sand heaps. And ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar narrated to him that the Prophet ﷺ prayed at the edge of a watercourse beyond al-ʿArj as you go toward Haḍbah. Near that mosque are two or three graves, with heaps of stones over them, on the right of the road at the salm trees along the road. Among those salm trees ʿAbd Allāh used to depart from al-ʿArj after the sun had passed its zenith, and he would pray the noon prayer in that mosque. And ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar narrated to him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ halted at some sarḥah trees on the left of the road, in a watercourse below Harshā. That watercourse is adjacent to the spur of Harshā, about a bowshot from the road. ʿAbd Allāh used to pray facing a sarḥah tree that was the nearest of those trees to the road, and the tallest of them. And ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar narrated to him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to halt in the watercourse at the lower part of Marr al-Ẓahrān, before the town, when he descended from the Ṣafrāwāt; he would halt in the bed of that watercourse, on the left of the road as you go toward Makkah, with nothing between the halting place of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the road but a stone's throw. And ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar narrated to him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to halt at Dhū Ṭuwā and spend the night until morning, praying the dawn prayer when he arrived at Makkah. The praying place of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ there is on a rugged hillock, not in the mosque that was built there, but lower than that, on a rugged hillock. And ʿAbd Allāh narrated to him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ faced the two gaps of the mountain that lies between him and the long mountain, toward the Kaʿbah. He placed the mosque that was built there to the left of the mosque, at the edge of the hillock, while the praying place of the Prophet ﷺ is lower than it, on the black hillock. You leave about ten cubits or so from the hillock, then pray facing the two gaps of the mountain that is between you and the Kaʿbah. Al-Bukhārī, may Allah have mercy on him, alone transmitted this ḥadīth in its full length and wording, except that Muslim related from it, from his statement at its end: 'And ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar narrated to him that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to halt at Dhū Ṭuwā,' to the end of the ḥadīth. Many or most of these places are unknown today, because the names of most of these sites have been changed now among the bedouins there, for ignorance has prevailed over most of them. Al-Bukhārī, may Allah have mercy on him, included them in his book so that perhaps someone may be guided to them through reflection, discernment, and careful observation, or perhaps most or many of them were known in al-Bukhārī's time. And Allah, the Exalted, knows best.
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