Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1592
Mention of Year Nine and Its Designation as the Year of Delegations
[ قُدُومُ ضِمَامِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَافِدًا عَنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَبَعَثَ بَنُو سَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ، يُقَالُ لَهُ ضِمَامُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ. [ سُؤَالُهُ الرَّسُولَ أَسْئِلَةً ثُمَّ إسْلَامُهُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُبْنُ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ نُوَيْفِعٍ عَنْ كُرَيْبٍ، مَوْلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: بَعَثَتْ بَنُو سَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرِ ضِمَامِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَافِدًا إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَنَاخَ بَعِيرَهُ عَلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ عَقَلَهُ، ثُمَّ دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ؛ وَكَانَ ضِمَامٌ رَجُلًا جَلْدًا أَشْعَرَ ذَا غَدِيرَتَيْنِ، فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَيّكُمْ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَنَا ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. قَالَ: أَمُحَمَّدٌ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ؛ قَالَ: يَا بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، إنِّي سَائِلُكَ وَمُغَلَّظٌ عَلَيْكَ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ، فَلَا تَجِدَنَّ فِي نَفْسِكَ، قَالَ: لَا أَجِدُ فِي نَفْسِي، فَسَلْ عَمَّا بَدَا لَكَ. قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ إلَهَكَ وَإِلَهَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ، وَإِلَهَ مَنْ هُوَ كَائِنٌ بَعْدَكَ، آللَّهُ بَعَثَكَ إلَيْنَا رَسُولًا ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ؛ قَالَ: فَأَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ إلَهَكَ وَإِلَهَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ، وَإِلَهَ مَنْ هُوَ كَائِنٌ بَعْدَكَ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَعْبُدَهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا نُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَأَنْ نَخْلَعَ هَذِهِ الْأَنْدَادَ الَّتِي كَانَ آبَاؤُنَا يَعْبُدُونَ مَعَهُ ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَأَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ إلَهَكَ وَإِلَهَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ، وَإِلَهَ مَنْ هُوَ كَائِنٌ بَعْدَكَ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ هَذِهِ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ ؟ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ؛ قَالَ: ثُمَّ جَعَلَ يَذْكُرُ فَرَائِضَ الْإِسْلَامِ فَرِيضَةً فَرِيضَةً. الزَّكَاةَ وَالصِّيَامَ وَالْحَجَّ وَشَرَائِعَ الْإِسْلَامِ كُلَّهَا، يَنْشُدُهُ عِنْدَ كُلِّ فَرِيضَةٍ مِنْهَا كَمَا يَنْشُدُهُ فِي الَّتِي قَبْلَهَا، حَتَّى إذَا فَرَغَ قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؛ وَسَأُؤَدِّي هَذِهِ الْفَرَائِضَ، وَأَجْتَنِبُ مَا نَهَيْتنِي عَنْهُ، ثُمَّ لَا أَزِيدُ وَلَا أَنْقُصُ. ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إلَى بَعِيرِهِ رَاجِعًا. قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إنْ صَدَقَ ذُو الْعَقِيصَتَيْنِ دَخَلَ الْجَنَّةَ [ دَعْوَتُهُ قَوْمَهُ لِلْإِسْلَامِ ] قَالَ: فَأَتَى بَعِيرَهُ فَأَطْلَقَ عِقَالَهُ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ، فَاجْتَمَعُوا إلَيْهِ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَا تَكَلَّمَ بِهِ أَنْ قَالَ: بِئْسَ اللَّاتُ وَالْعُزَّى قَالُوا: مَهْ يَا ضِمَامُ اتَّقِ الْبَرَصَ، اتَّقِ الْجُذَامَ، اتَّقِ الْجُنُونَ قَالَ: وَيْلَكُمْ إنَّهُمَا وَاَللَّهِ لَا يَضُرَّانِ وَلَا يَنْفَعَانِ، إنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَ رَسُولًا، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ كِتَابًا أَسْتَنْقِذُكُمْ بِهِ مِمَّا كُنْتُمْ فِيهِ، وَإِنِّي أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إلَهَ إلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ، وَقَدْ جِئْتُكُمْ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ بِمَا أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ، وَمَا نَهَاكُمْ عَنْهُ، قَالَ: فَوَاَللَّهِ مَا أَمْسَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فِي حَاضِرِهِ رَجُلٌ وَلَا امْرَأَةٌ إلَّا مُسْلِمًا. قَالَ: يَقُولُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَمَا سَمِعْنَا بِوَافِدِ قَوْمٍ كَانَ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ضِمَامِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: بَعَثَتْ بَنُو سَعْدِ بْنُ بَكْرٍ فِي رَجَبٍ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ ضِمَامَ بْنَ ثَعْلَبَةَ وَكَانَ جَلْدًا أَشْعَرَ ذَا غَدِيرَتَيْنِ، وَافِدًا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَقْبَلَ حَتَّى وَقَفَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ فَأَغْلَظَ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ ; سَأَلَهُ عَمَّنْ أَرْسَلَهُ، وَبِمَا أَرْسَلَهُ، وَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ شَرَائِعِ الْإِسْلَامِ، فَأَجَابَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ذَلِكَ كُلِّهِ، فَرَجَعَ إِلَى قَوْمِهِ مُسْلِمًا قَدْ خَلَعَ الْأَنْدَادَ، فَأَخْبَرَهُمْ بِمَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ وَنَهَاهُمْ عَنْهُ، فَمَا أَمْسَى فِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ فِي حَاضِرِهِ رَجُلٌ وَلَا امْرَأَةٌ إِلَّا مُسْلِمًا، وَبَنَوُا الْمَسَاجِدَ وَأَذَّنُوا بِالصَّلَاةِ.. وَقَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: حَدَّثَنَا هَاشِمُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ ثنا سُلَيْمَانُ - يَعْنِي ابْنَ الْمُغِيرَةِ - عَنْ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا نُهِينَا أَنْ نَسْأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ شَيْءٍ، فَكَانَ يُعْجِبُنَا أَنْ يَجِيءَ الرَّجُلُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ الْعَاقِلُ، فَيَسْأَلُهُ وَنَحْنُ نَسْمَعُ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَتَانَا رَسُولُكَ فَزَعَمَ لَنَا أَنَّكَ تَزْعُمُ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَرْسَلَكَ. قَالَ: " صَدَقَ ". قَالَ: فَمَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَاءَ ؟ قَالَ: " اللَّهُ ". قَالَ: فَمَنْ خَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ ؟ قَالَ: " اللَّهُ ". قَالَ: فَمَنْ نَصَبَ هَذِهِ الْجِبَالَ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا مَا جَعَلَ ؟ قَالَ: " اللَّهُ ". قَالَ: فَبِالَّذِي خَلَقَ السَّمَاءَ، وَخَلَقَ الْأَرْضَ وَنَصَبَ هَذِهِ الْجِبَالَ، آللَّهُ أَرْسَلَكَ ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: وَزَعَمَ رَسُولُكَ أَنَّ عَلَيْنَا خَمْسَ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي يَوْمِنَا وَلَيْلَتِنَا. قَالَ: " صَدَقَ ". قَالَ: فَبِالَّذِي أَرْسَلَكَ آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ بِهَذَا ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: وَزَعَمَ رَسُولُكَ أَنَّ عَلَيْنَا زَكَاةً فِي أَمْوَالِنَا. قَالَ: " صَدَقَ ". قَالَ: فَبِالَّذِي أَرْسَلَكَ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ بِهَذَا ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: وَزَعَمَ رَسُولُكَ أَنَّ عَلَيْنَا صَوْمَ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي سَنَتِنَا. قَالَ: " صَدَقَ ". قَالَ: فَبِالَّذِي أَرْسَلَكَ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ بِهَذَا ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: وَزَعَمَ رَسُولُكَ أَنَّ عَلَيْنَا حَجَّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا. قَالَ: " صَدَقَ ". قَالَ: ثُمَّ وَلَّى، فَقَالَ: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ نَبِيًّا لَا أَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِنَّ شَيْئًا، وَلَا أَنْقُصُ مِنْهُنَّ شَيْئًا. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: " لَئِنْ صَدَقَ لَيَدْخُلَنَّ الْجَنَّةَ ". وَعَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي نَمِرٍ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ أَنَسَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ يَقُولُ: بَيْنَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ جُلُوسًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى جَمَلٍ، فَأَنَاخَهُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ عَقَلَهُ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَيُّكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ ؟ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ مُتَّكِئٌ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانِيهِمْ قَالَ: فَقُلْنَا: هَذَا الرَّجُلُ الْأَبْيَضُ الْمُتَّكِئُ. فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: يَا ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " قَدْ أَجَبْتُكَ ". فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إِنِّي سَائِلُكَ فَمُشْتَدٌّ عَلَيْكَ فِي الْمَسْأَلَةِ فَلَا تَجِدْ عَلَيَّ فِي نَفْسِكَ. فَقَالَ: " سَلْ مَا بَدَا لَكَ ". فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: أَنْشُدُكَ بِرَبِّكَ وَرَبٍّ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكَ، آللَّهُ أَرْسَلَكَ إِلَى النَّاسِ كُلِّهِمْ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: فَأَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ نُصَلِّيَ الصَّلَوَاتِ الْخَمْسَ فِي الْيَوْمِ وَاللَّيْلَةِ ؟ قَالَ: " اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: فَأَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنْ تَصُومَ هَذَا الشَّهْرَ مِنَ السَّنَةِ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ". قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكَ اللَّهَ، آللَّهُ أَمَرَكَ أَنَّ تَأْخُذَ هَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةَ مِنْ أَغْنِيَائِنَا فَتَقْسِمَهَا عَلَى فُقَرَائِنَا ؟ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ ". قَالَ الرَّجُلُ: آمَنْتُ بِمَا جِئْتَ بِهِ، وَأَنَا رَسُولٌ مَنْ وَرَائِي مِنْ قَوْمِي، وَأَنَا ضِمَامُ بْنُ ثَعْلَبَةَ، أَخُو بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ.
Translation
✧ [The arrival of Ḍimām b. Thaʿlabah as a delegate from Banū Saʿd b. Bakr] Ibn Isḥāq said: Banū Saʿd b. Bakr sent to the Messenger of God ﷺ a man from among them called Ḍimām b. Thaʿlabah. [His questioning of the Messenger and then his acceptance of Islam] Ibn Isḥāq said: Muḥammad b. al-Walīd b. Nuwayfiʿ narrated to me from Kurayb, the client of ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Banū Saʿd b. Bakr sent Ḍimām b. Thaʿlabah as a delegate to the Messenger of God ﷺ. He came to him, made his camel kneel at the gate of the mosque, then hobbled it, then entered the mosque while the Messenger of God ﷺ was sitting among his companions. Ḍimām was a hardy, hairy man with two braids. He came forward and stood over the Messenger of God ﷺ among his companions and said: “Which of you is the son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib?” The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “I am the son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib.” He said: “Muḥammad?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “O son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, I am going to question you and be harsh with you in questioning, so do not take it to heart.” He said: “I shall not take it to heart. Ask whatever comes to you.” He said: “I adjure you by God, your God and the God of those before you and the God of those who will be after you: did God send you to us as a messenger?” He said: “O God, yes.” He said: “I adjure you by God, your God and the God of those before you and the God of those who will be after you: did God command you to command us to worship Him alone, not associating anything with Him, and to cast off these rivals that our fathers used to worship alongside Him?” He said: “O God, yes.” He said: “I adjure you by God, your God and the God of those before you and the God of those who will be after you: did God command you that we perform these five prayers?” He said: “O God, yes.” He said: Then he proceeded to mention the religious obligations of Islam one by one—zakāt, fasting, the pilgrimage, and all the laws of Islam—adjuring him at each obligation as he had adjured him at the one before it, until he finished. Then he said: “I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muḥammad is the Messenger of God. I shall perform these obligations and avoid what you have forbidden me, then I shall neither add nor subtract.” Then he turned back to his camel. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “If the man with the two braids speaks truly, he will enter Paradise.” [His call of his people to Islam] He said: He came to his camel, released its hobble, then departed until he reached his people. They gathered around him, and the first thing he spoke was: “Evil be to al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā.” They said: “Enough, O Ḍimām! Beware of leprosy, beware of elephantiasis, beware of madness.” He said: “Woe to you! By God, they can neither harm nor benefit. God has sent a messenger and revealed to him a Book by which I may deliver you from what you were in. I bear witness that there is no god but God alone, with no partner, and that Muḥammad is His servant and His messenger. I have brought you from him what he commanded you and what he forbade you.” He said: By God, by the evening of that day there remained in his settlement no man or woman except that they were Muslims. He said: ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbbās said: “We have not heard of any delegate of a people who was better than Ḍimām b. Thaʿlabah.” And from Ibn ʿAbbās, he said: Banū Saʿd b. Bakr sent Ḍimām b. Thaʿlabah in Rajab of the year five, and he was a hardy, hairy man with two braids, as a delegate to the Messenger of God ﷺ. He came forward and stood over the Messenger of God ﷺ and questioned him and was harsh in questioning. He asked him about who sent him and with what he sent him, and asked him about the laws of Islam. The Messenger of God ﷺ answered him concerning all of that. He returned to his people as a Muslim who had cast off the rivals, and he informed them of what he commanded them and what he forbade them. By the evening of that day, there remained in his settlement no man or woman except that they were Muslims, and they built mosques and called the prayer. Imam Aḥmad said: Hāshim b. al-Qāsim narrated to us: Sulaymān—meaning Ibn al-Mughīrah—narrated to us from Thābit from Anas b. Mālik, who said: We had been forbidden to ask the Messenger of God ﷺ about anything, and we were pleased when an intelligent man from the desert people would come and ask him while we listened. A man from the desert people came and said: “O Muḥammad, your messenger came to us and claimed to us that you claim that God sent you.” He said: “He spoke truth.” He said: “Who created the sky?” He said: “God.” He said: “Who created the earth?” He said: “God.” He said: “Who set up these mountains and placed in them what He placed?” He said: “God.” He said: “By the One who created the sky, created the earth, and set up these mountains, did God send you?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “Your messenger claimed that we owe five prayers in our day and night.” He said: “He spoke truth.” He said: “By the One who sent you, did God command you of this?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “Your messenger claimed that we owe zakāt on our wealth.” He said: “He spoke truth.” He said: “By the One who sent you, did God command you of this?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “Your messenger claimed that we owe fasting the month of Ramaḍān in our year.” He said: “He spoke truth.” He said: “By the One who sent you, did God command you of this?” He said: “Yes.” He said: “Your messenger claimed that we owe pilgrimage to the House for whoever is able to find a way to it.” He said: “He spoke truth.” He said: Then he turned away and said: “By the One who sent you with the truth as a prophet, I shall not add anything to these or subtract anything from them.” The Prophet ﷺ said: “If he speaks truly, he will surely enter Paradise.” From Sharīk b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Namir, that he heard Anas b. Mālik say: While we were sitting with the Messenger of God ﷺ in the mosque, a man entered on a camel, made it kneel in the mosque, then hobbled it, then said: “Which of you is Muḥammad?” while the Messenger of God was reclining among them. He said: We said: “This white man who is reclining.” The man said: “O son of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib.” The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “I have answered you.” The man said: “O Muḥammad, I am going to question you and be hard on you in questioning, so do not take it to heart.” He said: “Ask whatever comes to you.” The man said: “I adjure you by your Lord and the Lord of those before you: did God send you to all people?” The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “O God, yes.” He said: “I adjure you by God, did God command you that we perform the five prayers in the day and night?” He said: “O God, yes.” He said: “I adjure you by God, did God command you that you fast this month of the year?” The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “O God, yes.” He said: “I adjure you by God, did God command you that you take this alms from our rich and divide it among our poor?” The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “O God, yes.” The man said: “I believe in what you have brought, and I am a messenger from those behind me of my people. I am Ḍimām b. Thaʿlabah, the brother of Banū Saʿd b. Bakr.”
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