Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1569
What Has Been Reported Regarding the Arrival of the Thaqīf Delegation to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Their Conversion
[ تَأْمِيرُ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ عَلَيْهِمْ ] فَلَمَّا أَسْلَمُوا وَكَتَبَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ كِتَابَهُمْ، أَمَّرَ عَلَيْهِمْ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، وَكَانَ مِنْ أَحْدَثِهِمْ سِنًّا، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَحْرَصَهُمْ عَلَى التَّفَقُّهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَتَعَلُّمِ الْقُرْآنِ. فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ هَذَا الْغُلَامَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَحْرَصِهِمْ عَلَى التَّفَقُّهِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَتَعَلُّمِ الْقُرْآنِ. وَذَكَرَ مُوسَى بْنُ عُقْبَةَ أَنَّ وَفْدَهُمْ كَانُوا إِذَا أَتَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ خَلَّفُوا عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ فِي رِحَالِهِمْ، فَإِذَا رَجَعُوا وَسْطَ النَّهَارِ جَاءَ هُوَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ الْعِلْمِ فَاسْتَقْرَأَهُ الْقُرْآنَ، فَإِنْ وَجَدَهُ نَائِمًا ذَهَبَ إِلَى أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ دَأْبُهُ حَتَّى فَقُهَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَأَحَبَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حُبًّا شَدِيدًا. وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِرِجَالٍ ثِقَاتٍ عن عثمان بن أبي العاص ؓ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ فِي وَفْدِ ثَقِيفٍ حِينَ قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَلَمَّا حَلَلْنَا بِبَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالُوا: مَنْ يُمْسِكُ رَوَاحِلَنَا ؟ فَكُلُّ الْقَوْمِ أَحَبَّ الدُّخُولَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَكَرِهَ التَّخَلُّفَ عَنْهُ، وَكُنْتُ أَصْغَرَهُمْ، فَقُلْتُ إِنْ شِئْتُمْ أَمْسَكْتُ لَكُمْ عَلَى أَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ لَتُمْسِكُنَّ لِي إِذَا خَرَجْتُمْ، قَالُوا: فَذَلِكَ لَكَ. فَدَخَلُوا عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا، فَقَالُوا: انْطَلِقْ بِنَا. قُلْتُ: إِلَى أَيْنَ ؟ قَالُوا: إِلَى أَهْلِكَ فَقُلْتُ: «ضَرَبْتُ مِنْ أَهْلِي حَتَّى إِذَا حَلَلْتُ بِبَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَأَرْجِعُ وَلَا أَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ ؟ وَقَدْ أَعْطَيْتُمُونِي مَا عَلِمْتُمْ». قَالُوا: فَاعْجَلْ فَإِنَّا قَدْ كَفَيْنَاكَ الْمَسْأَلَةَ، لَمْ نَدَعْ شَيْئًا إِلَّا سَأَلْنَاهُ. فَدَخَلْتُ فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ادْعُ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى أَنْ يُفَقِّهَنِي فِي الدِّينِ وَيُعَلِّمَنِي. قَالَ: «مَاذَا قُلْتَ ؟ » فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلَ. فَقَالَ: «لَقَدْ سَأَلَتْنِي عَنْ شَيْءٍ مَا سَأَلَنِي عَنْهُ أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِكَ، اذْهَبْ فَأَنْتَ أَمِيرٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَعَلَى مَنْ تَقَدْمُ عَلَيْهِ مَنْ قَوْمِكَ». وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَسَأَلْتُهُ مُصْحَفًا فَأَعْطَانِيهِ. [ عَهْدُ الرَّسُولِ لَابْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ حِينَ أَمَّرَهُ عَلَى ثَقِيفٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي سَعِيدُ بْنُ أَبِي هِنْدٍ، عَنْ مُطَرِّفِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الشِّخِّيرِ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ، قَالَ: كَانَ مِنْ آخِرِ مَا عَهِدَ إلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ بَعَثَنِي عَلَى ثَقِيفٍ أَنْ قَالَ: يَا عُثْمَانُ، تُجَاوِزْ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، وَاقْدُرْ النَّاسَ بِأَضْعَفِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ فِيهِمْ الْكَبِيرَ، وَالصَّغِيرَ، وَالضَّعِيفَ وَذَا الْحَاجَةِوأخرج الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ: بسنده عَنْ أَبِي الْعَلَاءِ عَنْ مُطَرِّفٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ قَالَ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ اجْعَلْنِي إِمَامَ قَوْمِي. قَالَ: " أَنْتَ إِمَامُهُمْ فَاقْتَدِ بِأَضْعَفِهِمْ، وَاتَّخِذْ مُؤَذِّنًا لَا يَأْخُذُ عَلَى أَذَانِهِ أَجْرًا ". وَعَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ أَبِي عَاصِمٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ أَنَّ آخِرَ مَا فَارَقَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ حِينَ اسْتَعْمَلَهُ عَلَى الطَّائِفِ أَنْ قَالَ: " إِذَا صَلَّيْتَ بِقَوْمٍ فَخَفِّفْ بِهِمْ ". حَتَّى وَقَّتَ لِي اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ ( الْعَلَقِ: 1 ) وَأَشْبَاهِهَا مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ. وَعَنْ نَافِعِ بْنِ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ أَنَّهُ شَكَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَجَعًا يَجِدُهُ فِي جَسَدِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: " ضَعْ يَدَكَ عَلَى الَّذِي تَأَلَّمَ مِنْ جَسَدِكَ، وَقُلْ: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ. ثَلَاثًا، وَقُلْ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ: أَعُوذُ بِعِزَّةِ اللَّهِ وَقُدْرَتِهِ مِنْ شَرِّ مَا أَجِدُ وَأُحَاذِرُ ". وَفِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ فَفَعَلْتُ ذَلِكَ فَأَذْهَبَ اللَّهُ مَا كَانَ بِي، فَلَمْ أَزَلْ آمُرُ بِهِ أَهْلِي وَغَيْرَهُمْ.. وعن عُيَيْنَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ - وَهُوَ ابْنُ جَوْشَنٍ - حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي الْعَاصِ قَالَ: لَمَّا اسْتَعْمَلَنِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الطَّائِفِ جَعَلَ يَعْرِضُ لِي شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِي، حَتَّى مَا أَدْرِي مَا أُصَلِّي، فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ ذَلِكَ رَحَلْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: " ابْنُ أَبِي الْعَاصِ ؟ " قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: " مَا جَاءَ بِكَ ؟ " قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، عَرَضَ لِي شَيْءٌ فِي صَلَاتِي حَتَّى مَا أَدْرِي مَا أُصَلِّي. قَالَ: " ذَاكَ الشَّيْطَانُ، ادْنُهْ ". فَدَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ فَجَلَسْتُ عَلَى صُدُورِ قَدَمَيَّ. قَالَ: فَضَرَبَ صَدْرِي بِيَدِهِ وَتَفَلَ فِي فَمِي، وَقَالَ: " اخْرُجْ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ ". فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: " الْحَقْ بِعَمَلِكَ ". قَالَ: فَقَالَ عُثْمَانُ: فَلَعَمْرِي مَا أَحْسَبُهُ خَالَطَنِي بَعْدُ. تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ ابْنُ مَاجَهْ.
Translation
✧ [ APPOINTING ʿUTHMĀN B. ABĪ AL-ʿĀṢ OVER THEM ] When they embraced Islam and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wrote their document for them, he appointed over them ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, who was the youngest among them in age, because he was the most eager of them to gain understanding in Islam and to learn the Qur'an. Abū Bakr said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: O Messenger of Allah, I have seen this young man among them to be the most eager of them to gain understanding in Islam and to learn the Qur'an. Mūsā b. ʿUqbah mentioned that when their delegation came to the Messenger of Allah, they would leave ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ behind with their mounts; then when they returned in the middle of the day, he would come to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and ask him about knowledge, and he would make him recite the Qur'an. If he found him sleeping, he would go to Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq. He kept up this practice until he became learned in Islam, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ loved him with a great love. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated with trustworthy narrators from ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ ؓ that he said: I came with the delegation of Thaqīf when they came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. When we arrived at the Prophet's door ﷺ, they said: Who will hold our mounts? All the people preferred to enter upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and disliked staying behind from him. I was the youngest of them, so I said: If you wish, I will hold them for you, on condition that you pledge to Allah that you will hold mine for me when you come out. They said: That is for you. So they entered upon him, then came out and said: Come with us. I said: To where? They said: To your family. I said: 'I have come from my family until I arrived at the door of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ; shall I return without entering upon him, while you have given me what you know?' They said: Then hurry, for we have spared you the asking; we did not leave anything but we asked him about it. So I entered and said: O Messenger of Allah, pray to Allah Almighty to grant me understanding in religion and teach me. He said: "What did you say?" I repeated the words to him. He said: "You have asked me about something that no one among your companions has asked me about. Go, for you are amir over them and over whoever of your people comes before you." In another narration: I entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and asked him for a muṣḥaf, so he gave it to me. [ THE PROPHET'S CHARGE TO IBN ABĪ AL-ʿĀṢ WHEN HE APPOINTED HIM OVER THAQĪF ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Saʿīd b. Abī Hind narrated to me, from Muṭarrif b. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Shikhkhīr, from ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, who said: Among the last instructions the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave me when he sent me over Thaqīf was that he said: O ʿUthmān, be moderate in prayer, and assess the people by their weakest, for among them are the old, the young, the weak, and the one in need. Imām Aḥmad recorded with his chain of narration from Abū al-ʿAlāʾ, from Muṭarrif, from ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, who said: I said: O Messenger of Allah, make me the imam of my people. He said: "You are their imam, so be guided by their weakest, and appoint a muʾadhdhin who does not take any wage for his adhān." And from Dāwūd b. Abī ʿĀṣim, from ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, that the last thing the Messenger of Allah said when he appointed him over al-Ṭāʾif was: "When you pray with a people, make it light for them," to the extent that he specified for me: Recite "Read in the name of your Lord who created" (Al-ʿAlaq: 1) and similar passages from the Qur'an. And from Nāfiʿ b. Jubayr b. Muṭʿim, from ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, that he complained to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of a pain he felt in his body, so he said to him: "Place your hand on the part of your body that hurts, and say: Bismillāh, three times, and say seven times: I seek refuge in the might of Allah and His power from the evil of what I find and fear." In some narrations: He said: I did that, and Allah removed what was in me, and I continued to command my family and others to do it. And from ʿUyaynah b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān—who is Ibn Jawshan—my father narrated to me, from ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ appointed me over al-Ṭāʾif, something began to occur to me in my prayer, until I did not know what I was praying. When I saw that, I journeyed to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he said: "Ibn Abī al-ʿĀṣ?" I said: Yes, O Messenger of Allah. He said: "What brought you?" I said: O Messenger of Allah, something occurred to me in my prayer, until I did not know what I was praying. He said: "That is Satan. Come closer." I drew near to him and sat on the tops of my feet. He said: He struck my chest with his hand and spat into my mouth, and said: "Get out, enemy of Allah." He did that three times, then said: "Return to your work." He said: ʿUthmān said: By my life, I do not think it mixed with me after that. It was transmitted solely by Ibn Mājah.
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