Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1566
What Has Been Reported Regarding the Arrival of the Thaqīf Delegation to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Their Conversion
قُدُومُ وَفْدِ ثَقِيفٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي رَمَضَانَ مِنْ سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ . تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا ارْتَحَلَ عَنْ ثَقِيفٍ سُئِلَ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَدَعَا لَهُمْ بِالْهِدَايَةِ، وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ مَالِكُ بْنُ عَوْفٍ النَّصْرِيُّ أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِ وَأَعْطَاهُ، وَجَعَلَهُ أَمِيرًا عَلَى مَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، فَكَانَ يَغْزُو بِلَادَ ثَقِيفٍ وَيُضَيِّقُ عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى أَلْجَأَهُمْ إِلَى الدُّخُولِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ، وَتَقَدَّمَ أَيْضًا فِيمَا رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَنْ صَخْرِ بْنِ الْعَيْلَةِ الْأَحْمَسِيِّ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ بِثَقِيفٍ حَتَّى أَنْزَلَهُمْ مِنْ حِصْنِهِمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَقْبَلَ بِهِمْ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ النَّبَوِيَّةِ بِإِذْنِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَقَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ مِنْ تَبُوكَ فِي رَمَضَانَ، وَقَدِمَ عَلَيْهِ فِي ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرِ وَفْدُ ثَقِيفٍ. [ ائْتِمَارُ ثَقِيفٍ عَلَى إرْسَالِ نَفَرٍ لِلرَّسُولِ ] ثُمَّ أَقَامَتْ ثَقِيفٌ بَعْدَ قَتْلِ عُرْوَةَ أَشْهُرًا، ثُمَّ إنَّهُمْ ائْتَمَرُوا بَيْنَهُمْ، وَرَأَوْا أَنَّهُ لَا طَاقَةَ لَهُمْ بِحَرْبِ مَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ وَقَدْ بَايَعُوا وَأَسْلَمُوا. حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بْنِ الْأَخْنَسِ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، أَخَا بَنِي عِلَاجٍ، كَانَ مُهَاجِرًا لِعَبْدِ يَالَيْلَ بْنِ عَمْرِو، الَّذِي بَيْنَهُمَا سُبِئَ، وَكَانَ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ مِنْ أَدْهَى الْعَرَبِ، فَمَشَى إلَى عَبْدِ يَالَيْلَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، حَتَّى دَخَلَ دَارَهُ، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إلَيْهِ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ يَقُولُ لَكَ: اخْرَجْ إلَيَّ؛ قَالَ: فَقَالَ عَبْدُ يَالَيْلَ لِلرَّسُولِ: وَيْلَكَ أَعَمْرٌو أَرْسَلَكَ إلَيَّ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَهَا هُوَ ذَا وَاقِفًا فِي دَارِكَ، فَقَالَ: إنَّ هَذَا الشَّيْءَ مَا كُنْتُ أَظُنُّهُ، لَعَمْرٌو كَانَ أَمْنَعَ فِي نَفْسِهِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ، فَخَرَجَ إلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُ رَحَّبَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ عَمْرٌو: إنَّهُ قَدْ نَزَلَ بِنَا أَمْرٌ لَيْسَتْ مَعَهُ هِجْرَةٌ إنَّهُ قَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ مَا قَدْ رَأَيْتُ، قَدْ أَسْلَمَتْ الْعَرَبُ كُلُّهَا، وَلَيْسَتْ لَكُمْ بِحَرْبِهِمْ طَاقَةٌ، فَانْظُرُوا فِي أَمْرِكُمْ. فَعِنْدَ ذَلِكَ ائْتَمَرَتْ ثَقِيفٌ بَيْنَهَا، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضِ: أَفَلَا تَرَوْنَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَأْمَنُ لَكُمْ سِرْبٌ، وَلَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْكُمْ أَحَدٌ إلَّا اُقْتُطِعَ، فَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَهُمْ، وَأَجْمَعُوا أَنْ يُرْسِلُوا إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَجُلًا، كَمَا أَرْسَلُوا عُرْوَةَ، فَكَلَّمُوا عَبْدَ يَالَيْلَ بْنِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، وَكَانَ سِنُّ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَرَضُوا ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِ، فَأَبَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَ، وَخَشِيَ أَنْ يُصْنَعَ بِهِ إذَا رَجَعَ كَمَا صُنِعَ بِعُرْوَةِ. فَقَالَ: لَسْتُ فَاعِلًا حَتَّى تُرْسِلُوا مَعِي رِجَالًا، فَأَجْمَعُوا أَنْ يَبْعَثُوا مَعَهُ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ الْأَحْلَافِ، وَثَلَاثَةً مِنْ بَنِي مَالِكٍ، فَيَكُونُوا سِتَّةً، فَبَعَثُوا مَعَ عَبْدِ يَالَيْلَ الْحَكَمَ بْنَ عَمْرِو بْنِ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُعَتِّبٍ، وَشُرَحْبِيلَ بْنَ غَيْلَانَ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ مُعَتِّبٍ، وَمِنْ بَنِي مَالِكٍ عُثْمَانَ بْنَ أَبِي الْعَاصِ بْنِ بِشْرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ دُهْمَانَ، أَخَا بَنِي يَسَارٍ، وَأَوْسَ بْنَ عَوْفٍ، أَخَا بَنِي سَالِمِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ وَنُمَيْرَ بْنَ خَرَشَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ، أَخَا بَنِي الْحَارِثِ فَخَرَجَ بِهِمْ عَبْدُ يَالَيْلَ، وَهُوَ نَابَ الْقَوْمَ وَصَاحِبُ أَمْرِهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ بِهِمْ إلَّا خَشْيَةَ مِنْ مِثْلِ مَا صُنِعَ بِعُرْوَةِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، لِكَيْ يَشْغَلَ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ إذَا رَجَعُوا إلَى الطَّائِفِ رَهْطَهُ. [ قُدُومُهُمْ الْمَدِينَةَ وَسُؤَالُهُمْ الرَّسُولَ أَشْيَاءَ أَبَاهَا عَلَيْهِمْ ] فَلَمَّا دَنَوْا مِنْ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَنَزَلُوا قَنَاةَ، أَلْفَوْا بِهَا الْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ، يَرْعَى فِي تَوْبَتِهِ رِكَابَ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَتْ رِعْيَتُهَا نُوَبًا عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَآهُمْ تَرَكَ الرِّكَابَ عِنْدَ الثَّقَفِيِّينَ، وَضَبَرَ يَشْتَدُّ، لِيُبَشِّرَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقُدُومِهِمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَلَقِيَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ عَنْ رَكْبِ ثَقِيفٍ أَنْ قَدْ قَدِمُوا يُرِيدُونَ الْبَيْعَةَ وَالْإِسْلَامَ، بِأَنْ يَشْرُطَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شُرُوطًا، وَيَكْتَتِبُوا مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ كِتَابًا فِي قَوْمِهِمْ وَبِلَادِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِلْمُغِيرَةِ: أَقْسَمْتُ عَلَيْكَ بِاَللَّهِ لَا تَسْبِقُنِي إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَنَا أُحَدِّثُهُ؛ فَفَعَلَ الْمُغِيرَةُ. فَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. فَأَخْبَرَهُ بِقُدُومِهِمْ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ الْمُغِيرَةُ إلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، فَرَوَّحَ الظَّهْرَ مَعَهُمْ، وَعَلَّمَهُمْ كَيْفَ يُحَيُّونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَلَمْ يَفْعَلُوا إلَّا بِتَحِيَّةِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ. وَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ضَرَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ قُبَّةً فِي نَاحِيَةِ مَسْجِدِهِ، كَمَا يَزْعُمُونَ، فَكَانَ خَالِدُ بْنُ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ، هُوَ الَّذِي يَمْشِي بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، حَتَّى اكْتَتَبُوا كِتَابَهُمْ، وَكَانَ خَالِدٌ هُوَ الَّذِي كَتَبَ كِتَابَهُمْ بِيَدِهِ، وَكَانُوا لَا يَطْعَمُونَ طَعَامًا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِنْ عِنْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى يَأْكُلَ مِنْهُ خَالِدٌ، حَتَّى أَسْلَمُوا وَفَرَغُوا مِنْ كِتَابِهِمْ، وَقَدْ كَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَدَعَ لَهُمْ الطَّاغِيَةَ، وَهِيَ اللَّاتِي، لَا يَهْدِمُهَا ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ، فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ذَلِكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَمَا بَرِحُوا يَسْأَلُونَهُ سَنَةً سَنَةً، وَيَأْبَى عَلَيْهِمْ، حَتَّى سَأَلُوا شَهْرًا وَاحِدًا بَعْدَ مَقْدَمِهِمْ، فَأَبَى عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَدَعَهَا شَيْئًا مُسَمًّى، وَإِنَّمَا يُرِيدُونَ بِذَلِكَ فِيمَا يُظْهِرُونَ أَنْ يَتَسَلَّمُوا بِتَرْكِهَا مِنْ سُفَهَائِهِمْ وَنِسَائِهِمْ وَذَرَارِيِّهِمْ وَيَكْرَهُونَ أَنْ يُرَوِّعُوا قَوْمَهُمْ بِهَدْمِهَا حَتَّى يَدْخُلَهُمْ الْإِسْلَامُ؛ فَأَبَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إلَّا أَنْ يَبْعَثَ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ بْنَ حَرْبٍ وَالْمُغِيرَةَ بْنَ شُعْبَةَ فَيَهْدِمَاهَا، وَقَدْ كَانُوا سَأَلُوهُ مَعَ تَرْكِ الطَّاغِيَةِ أَنْ يُعْفِيَهُمْ مِنْ الصَّلَاةِ، وَأَنْ لَا يَكْسِرُوا أَوْثَانَهُمْ بِأَيْدِيهِمْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَمَّا كَسْرُ أَوْثَانِكُمْ بِأَيْدِيكُمْ فَسَنُعْفِيكُمْ مِنْهُ، وَأَمَّا الصَّلَاةُ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا خَيْرَ فِي دِينٍ لَا صَلَاةَ فِيهِ: فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، فَسَنُؤْتِيكهَا، وَإِنْ كَانَتْ دَنَاءَةً وَأَنْزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَفْدَ ثَقِيفٍ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، وَبَنَى لَهُمْ خِيَامًا لِكَيْ يَسْمَعُوا الْقُرْآنَ، وَيَرَوُا النَّاسَ إِذَا صَلَّوْا. وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا خَطَبَ لَا يَذْكُرُ نَفْسَهُ، فَلَمَّا سَمِعَهُ وَفْدُ ثَقِيفٍ قَالُوا: يَأْمُرُنَا أَنْ نَشْهَدَ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَلَا يَشْهَدُ بِهِ فِي خُطْبَتِهِ، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهُ قَوْلُهُمْ قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أَوَّلُ مَنْ شَهِدَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. وأخرج أَبُو دَاوُدَ: بسنده عَنْ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ جَابِرًا عَنْ شَأْنِ ثَقِيفٍ إِذْ بَايَعَتْ، قَالَ: اشْتَرَطَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ لَا صَدَقَةَ عَلَيْهَا وَلَا جِهَادَ، وَأَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ: " سَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ وَيُجَاهِدُونَ إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا "..
Translation
✧ The arrival of the Thaqīf delegation to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Ramaḍān of the year nine. It has been previously mentioned that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed from Thaqīf, he was asked to supplicate against them, so he supplicated for their guidance. It has also been previously mentioned that when Mālik b. ʿAwf al-Naṣrī embraced Islam, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ favored him and gave him gifts, and appointed him as commander over those of his people who had embraced Islam. He used to raid the lands of Thaqīf and press them hard, until he compelled them to enter Islam. It has also been previously mentioned in what Abū Dāwūd narrated from Ṣakhr b. al-ʿAylah al-Aḥmasī that he kept pressing Thaqīf until he brought them down from their fortress to submit to the judgment of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he brought them to the Prophetic Madinah with the permission of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ for that. Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived in Madinah from Tabūk in Ramaḍān, and in that month the delegation of Thaqīf came to him. [Thaqīf's consultation to send a party to the Messenger] Then Thaqīf remained for some months after the killing of ʿUrwah, then they consulted among themselves and saw that they had no strength to fight those Arabs around them who had pledged allegiance and embraced Islam. Yaʿqūb b. ʿUtbah b. al-Mughīrah b. al-Akhnas narrated to me that ʿAmr b. Umayyah, the brother of Banū ʿIlāj, was a migrant because of ʿAbd Yālīl b. ʿAmr, who had taken him captive. ʿAmr b. Umayyah was one of the most cunning of the Arabs. He went to ʿAbd Yālīl b. ʿAmr, entered his house, then sent to him: "ʿAmr b. Umayyah says to you: Come out to me." ʿAbd Yālīl said to the messenger: "Woe to you! Did ʿAmr send you to me?" He said: "Yes, and here he is standing in your house." He said: "This is something I did not expect; ʿAmr was too protective of himself for that." So he went out to him, and when he saw him he welcomed him. ʿAmr said to him: "A matter has befallen us that leaves no room for migration. You have seen what has happened with this man: all the Arabs have embraced Islam, and you have no strength to fight them. So consider your affair." At that point Thaqīf consulted among themselves, and some said to others: "Do you not see that no path is safe for you, and no one of you goes out but he is waylaid?" So they consulted among themselves and resolved to send a man to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, as they had sent ʿUrwah. They spoke to ʿAbd Yālīl b. ʿAmr b. ʿUmayr, who was of the age of ʿUrwah b. Masʿūd, and proposed that to him, but he refused to do it, fearing that on his return he would be treated as ʿUrwah had been treated. He said: "I will not do it unless you send men with me." So they resolved to send with him two men from the Aḥlāf and three from Banū Mālik, making six. They sent with ʿAbd Yālīl: al-Ḥakam b. ʿAmr b. Wahb b. Muʿattib, Shuraḥbīl b. Ghaylān b. Salamah b. Muʿattib, and from Banū Mālik ʿUthmān b. Abī al-ʿĀṣ b. Bishr b. ʿAbd Duhmān, the brother of Banū Yasār, Aws b. ʿAwf, the brother of Banū Sālim b. ʿAwf, and Numayr b. Kharashah b. Rabīʿah, the brother of Banū al-Ḥārith. ʿAbd Yālīl went out with them, and he was the deputy of the people and the one in charge of their affair. He did not go out with them except out of fear of something like what was done to ʿUrwah b. Masʿūd, so that each man of them, when they returned to al-Ṭāʾif, would occupy his own clan. [Their arrival in Madinah and their asking the Messenger for things he refused them] When they drew near Madinah and alighted at Qanāh, they found there al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah, who was grazing the riding camels of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in his penitence; the grazing of them was done in turns by his companions ﷺ. When he saw them, he left the riding camels with the Thaqafīs and rushed off running to give the Messenger of Allah ﷺ the good news of their coming to him. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq met him before he entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he told him about the party of Thaqīf that they had come wanting to pledge allegiance and embrace Islam, on condition that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ should stipulate conditions for them and they should have a written document from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ concerning their people, their lands, and their properties. Abū Bakr said to al-Mughīrah: "I adjure you by Allah, do not precede me to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until I myself tell him." Al-Mughīrah did so. Abū Bakr entered upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He informed him of their coming to him. Then al-Mughīrah went out to his companions, and brought the mounts back with them, and taught them how they should greet the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, but they did not do it except with the salutation of the Age of Ignorance. When they came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he pitched a tent for them in a corner of his mosque, as they claim. Khālid b. Saʿīd b. al-ʿĀṣ was the one who went between them and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, until they had their document written, and Khālid was the one who wrote their document with his own hand. They would not eat any food that came to them from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ until Khālid ate some of it, until they embraced Islam and finished their document. Among what they asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was to leave for them al-Ṭāghiyah, which was al-Lāt, not to demolish it for three years. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ refused them that. They kept asking him year by year, and he refused them, until they asked for one month after their arrival; he refused to leave it for any specified time. They only wanted by that, as they made apparent, to be safe by leaving it from their fools, women, and children, and they disliked to terrify their people by demolishing it until Islam entered them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ refused except to send Abū Sufyān b. Ḥarb and al-Mughīrah b. Shuʿbah to demolish it. They had also asked him, along with leaving al-Ṭāghiyah, that he excuse them from prayer and that they should not break their idols with their own hands. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "As for breaking your idols with your own hands, we shall excuse you from that; but as for prayer, there is no good in a religion without prayer." They said: "O Muḥammad, we will perform it, even if it is a lowly thing." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ lodged the delegation of Thaqīf in the mosque and set up tents for them so that they might hear the Qurʾān and see the people when they prayed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ, when he gave a sermon, did not mention himself. When the delegation of Thaqīf heard him, they said: "He commands us to testify that he is the Messenger of Allah, but he does not testify to it in his sermon." When their statement reached him, he said: "I am the first to testify that I am the Messenger of Allah." Abū Dāwūd narrated with his chain from Wahb who said: "I asked Jābir about the affair of Thaqīf when they pledged allegiance. He said: They stipulated to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ that there be no alms on them and no jihād, and that he heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say after that: 'They will give alms and fight in jihād when they embrace Islam.'"
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